SE536151C2 - Building elements and its use - Google Patents

Description

20 25 30 536 '154 insulation material, and wherein said energy generating units are enclosed in an existing building element such as a prefabricated sheet-shaped building block element for installation and connection with adjacent building elements on a construction site in question.

A method according to the invention is characterized in that building elements in question are set up to form said building so that solar rays penetrate the glass / plastic disc and the energy is recovered by either: 0 solar cells are built in as an intermediate layer or; underlying layers in the glass / plastic sheet, 0 heating of the underlying air mass takes place where the heat is dissipated / recovered, 0 the hot air is transferred directly through a fan / duct system into the building's premises, 0 the hot air is transferred to a collecting duct outside a receiving trough where it is exchanged for hot water, 0 the hot air is transferred in the trough to a pipe system with e.g. glycol-mixed water, or through combinations of a number of said features where solar cells are built into the glass / plastic disc and heating of the underlying air mass takes place through a proportion of passing sun rays.

The invention is described in the following as a number of preferred embodiments, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows in sectional view a principle view of a building with used building elements according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of interconnected paired building elements Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the above-mentioned interconnected building elements, Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of a wall and roof part of a building, Fig. 5-7 shows sectional views of energy-generating built-in units of building elements in different designs , Fig. 8 shows series-connected solar collector modules with connecting fluid channels, Fig. 9 shows building elements with series-connected solar collector modules and their lines connected to hot water systems, Fig. 10 shows building elements with series- or parallel-connected solar collector modules and their lines connected to heat exchangers and an accumulator tank, and Fig. 11 shows in perspective and sectional view a series of interconnected building elements.

Summary of the invention's origins and properties Background Solar collectors, solar cells or heat collectors are mounted in separate panels with plastic / glass as a surface layer on the outside of buildings' surface layers, roofs or walls.

Idea Building element for roof and wall with integrated solar collectors with plastic / glass panels as load-bearing surface layers.

Description Building elements, made of concrete in a sandwich design, are made as a trough facing outwards towards the sun and are covered with a plastic / glass sheet as a load-bearing surface layer. 10 15 20 25 30 536 151 The plastic / glass sheet then replaces traditional surface layers such as roofing sheets, roof tiles, etc. The trough can be insulated internally with sun-reflecting surface layers so that passing solar rays / heat are reflected to the underside of the collector.

Function Solar rays penetrate the glass / plastic plate and the energy is recovered by: A solar cells are built in as an intermediate layer or underlying layer in the glass / plastic plate, B heating of the underlying air mass takes place where the heat is dissipated / recovered, C the hot air is transferred directly through a fan / duct system into the building premises, C2 hot air is transferred to a collecting duct outside the trough where it is heat exchanged to hot water, and by D combination of A and C or C2 as above, where solar cells are built into the glass / plastic sheet and heating of underlying air mass takes place through a proportion of passing sunbeams.

News By integrating the solar collector into the building element from the beginning, e.g. the following: 0 Surface panels are eliminated. 10 15 20 25 30 535 151 0 Traditional roof surface layers are eliminated, e.g. sheet metal, roof tiles etc. which are replaced with the building element's plastic / glass panels. 0 Vital parts of the solar collector are better protected than in traditional, surface-mounted panels. 0 Vital parts in the solar collector are made easily accessible for service by dismantling the building element's plastic / glass panels. 0 The total area of the building, which can be made accessible to solar panels, is maximized.

In Buildings with such a large active area for solar collectors can in several cases have the capacity to be able to supply energy to the grid after self-sufficiency; or hot water, respectively.

According to the invention, in existing space in building elements 2, such as for roof 3 and walls 4 or a combination thereof, comprising insulating material 5 enclosable in existing cavity 6 in the prefabricated frame 7 of the building element 2 in question, a number of energy generating units are enclosed 8, such as solar collectors, solar cells, heat collectors or a combination thereof. A covering surface layer 9 such as plastic or glass or a combination thereof functions as a supporting surface layer for said roof 3 / wall 4. In this case, said energy-generating unit 8 is enclosed in an existing building element, 2 such as e.g. a prefabricated slab-shaped building block element for set-up and connection with adjacent building elements 2 on the construction site 10 for the construction of the building ll in question.

The frame of the building element 2 in question may consist of concrete in a sandwich design and the building element 2 is made with a trough-shaped receiving space 14 in the direction outwards 12 of the intended building 11 of the intended building 11 for the reception of energy-generating units 8 therein, wherein externally covering plastic and / or glass sheet 9 functions as a supporting outwardly facing surface layer 12.

Inside said trough-shaped receiving space 14 there is a double-walled space 6 for receiving thermal insulation.

Inside the trough-shaped receiving space 14, which receives fluid lines and / or pipes 15 for receiving circulating liquid such as e.g. water / gas and / or e.g. air, a reflective surface layer 130 is arranged along its inner portion and which is intended to reflect incoming sun rays 16 to the respective rear side 18 of the forming collectors in question.

The building elements 2 are designed in modules so that they are suitable for being able to be connected edge 19 to edge 20 to the desired extent. Said building elements 2, which are used for the construction of roofs 3 and / or walls 4 and which comprise insulating material 5, enclosed in the existing cavity 6 in the prefabricated building element 2 in question 7 in question, are set up to form said building 11, so that sunbeams penetrates the glass / plastic disc 9 and the energy is recovered by either: 0 Solar cells 8 are built in as an intermediate layer or in the underlying layer in the glass / plastic disc 9, 0 Heating of the underlying air mass takes place where the heat is dissipated / recovered, o The hot air is transferred directly through fan / duct system 22 into the premises of the building, 0 The hot air is transferred to a collecting duct outside a receiving trough where it is heat exchanged 24 to hot water, 10 15 20 25 30 535 151 0 The hot air is transferred in the trough to a pipe system with t. ex. glycol-mixed water, or 0 by combining a number of said features where solar cells 8 are built into the glass / plastic disc 9 and heating of the underlying air mass takes place through a proportion of passing solar rays.

Fig. 5 shows building elements 2 with a number of smaller hot air ducts 15 under e.g. a plastic / glass sheet 9 in a receiving space 14 having a trough-shaped reflecting and insulating surface layer 130. Incoming solar radiation 16 is reflected, in a space 150 therein. Minor hot air ducts 15 are arranged above and / or below a plate 30. Solar radiation 16 passes through the glass sheet 9 and hits the plate 30 and is absorbed by a surface layer of said plate 30. The embodiment according to Fig. 5 can then be used to heat directly with heated hot air to the building ll etc.

Fig. 6 shows building elements 2 where energy-generating units 8 comprise water pipes 15 with reflectors 16 connected to them. Solar radiation 16 radiates directly onto said tubes 15 and / or flanges 100 or bounces against a reflective and insulating layer 130 in the bottom of the trough 14 to the tubes 15 or its flanges 100.

Fig. 7 shows building elements 2 where energy-generating units 8 comprise solar cells 31 enclosed in a plastic / glass disc 9. Under said plastic / glass disc 9 there are receiving water pipes 32. Solar radiation 16 enters both solar cells 31 and through the disc 9 to water pipes 32.

The nature and function of the present invention should have been understood from the foregoing and with reference to the drawings.

The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the accompanying drawings 536 'IÉVI. Modifications are possible, in particular as regards the nature of the various parts, or by the use of equivalent techniques, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims (5)

10 15 20 25 536 151 9 PATENT REQUIREMENTS Building elements (2), such as for roofs (3) or walls (4) or a combination thereof, comprising thermal insulation (5) in an existing cavity (6) in a prefabricated frame (7) of the building element (2) in question, which frame (7) consists of concrete in sandwich design, to the building element (2) in question, characterized in that the building element (2) is made with a trough-shaped space (13) facing outwards (12) (11) (14) therein, from the receiving space of the intended building for receiving energy generating units (8) that a reflecting and insulating layer (130) is arranged at the bottom of the trough-shaped receiving space (14), that a light-transmissive covering surface layers (9) of plastic / glass sheets (9) are arranged to close said trough-shaped space (14) as supporting outwardly facing surface layer, that said energy-generating units (8) are enclosed as an intermediate layer in the plastic / glass sheet or as an underlying layer, (14) that inside said trough-shaped reception space there is a double walled cavity (6) for receiving said thermal insulation material (5), and said energy generating units (8) being enclosed in an existing building element (2) as a prefabricated sheet-shaped building block element for setting up and interconnection with adjacent building elements ( 2) on a construction site (10) in question. 10 15 20 25 536 151 10 Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that connections for interconnection of in- (20) have channels with connections for conducting fluid to adjacent building elements edge (19) to edge nom said from the sun receiving energy lines and / or pipes. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sluggish receiving space (14) for fluid conduits and / or pipes (15), which is provided with an insulating and reflecting surface layer (130), is arranged to reflect inside. solar radiation (17) to the back (18) of the collectors in question. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building elements (2) are designed in modules so that they are suitable for being connected edge (19) to edge (20) to the desired extent. Building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that hot air ducts (15) are arranged above and / or under a plate (30) in said trough-shaped receiving space (14), which are arranged to pass glass (16). - / the plastic sheet and hit the plate (30) and is absorbed by a surface layer of said plate (30).