SE533216C2 - Device, system and method for measuring operating conditions of an element rotating in a web forming machine or a finishing machine - Google Patents

Description

25 30 35 533 215 For the above reasons, it has been difficult to determine the lubrication ratio and the oil required to be delivered to the bearings and entail uncertainties. For lubrication, the amount of oil delivered to the bearing has been monitored, which does not indicate the actual lubrication situation.

An improvement of this is given by a so-called self-controlled lubricating oil regulation. In this case, the lubrication ratio is determined using different calculation parameters.

The oil utgör is the control parameter and the oil temperature is the control parameter. For control, for example, the machine's working speed, oil temperature and maximum load are measured / defined. The maximum load has been determined on the basis of the raw load information from the roll nip, which information has been received on the basis of the hydraulic pressures applied in nip load. The oil temperature has been measured with sensors. Consequently, when the sensor has detected a rise in temperature of the oil, the oil fl fate has increased.

In addition to the snow control, the measurement of the load-focused condition is also a problem. In the case of heavily loaded roller bearings, a micro-dry surface takes place between the outer track of the bearing and the housing. Due to this, the metal surfaces become sticky (cold welded, “micro-contact”). The bearing at the free end of the roller cannot slide in the housing in the axial direction, leading to incorrect loading of the bearing. Consequently, the load in the bearing is distributed on only one of the roller rows, which causes an overload and possible bearing breakage. The axial displacement can also be prevented by means of bearing inclination. In this case, the outer path of the bearing tends to slope in the bearing housing. which leads to the edge of the web "coming into engagement" with the housing which changes the coefficient of friction. In bearings equipped with anti-friction elements also creates a problematic situation of "zero loads". the event stock load is very small. In some rollers, the bearing may enter such a zero load ratio. Sliding anti-friction elements make the oil film thinner or the lubrication film can disappear completely. A metal-metal contact can be created in the bearing which causes surface damage and possible bearing breakage. Known methods for monitoring the conditions give indications only after a certain extent of damage has already occurred. Regarding the monitoring of incorrect loading conditions of bearings in general, the prior art is represented by a temperature sensor arranged on the outer surface of the bearing track.

As a measurement method, however, this means a lot of delay, as heat must be conducted via the bearing path. In addition, a temperature measurement performed according to this method is distorted by the oil fate delivered to the bearing by means of the bearing path, which cools down the measuring point more than the bearing path under load.

In addition to web forming machines, accurate measurement of the loads on rollers equipped with anti-friction bearings (intermediate rollers and the flction compensated / zone controlled rollers) has been difficult even in multi-roller calendars, which can lead to load easily sliding to the zero load zone. Today, it is not possible to rely on work windows that are safe for the bearing de fi nied by calculation alone, as there are unknown frictional forces that affect the roll stand (for example in lever mechanisms and the tion extension compensated / zone controlled rollers).

The object of this invention is to provide a device for measuring operating conditions for a rotating element in a web forming or finishing machine. The characteristic features of the device according to the invention are stated in claim 1. The invention also relates to a system for measuring the operating conditions of rotating elements in a web forming or finishing machine and a method, the characterizing features of which are stated in claims 12 and 18. The device according to the invention is a rotating element, such as a roller, equipped with thin film sensors for measuring operating conditions.

Thin film sensors can be arranged in connection with the roller in many different ways.

According to an embodiment, for example, they can be connected to the support bearings for a rotating element. According to one embodiment, the rotating part of a roll may, for example, be a roll shell tube. According to another embodiment, the rotating part can also be the roller shaft.

According to one embodiment, the thin lens sensors can be located in the roller, in its support bearing. According to a more specific embodiment, the thin film sensors can then, for example, be connected to the fixed path of the support bearings. Thus, for example, the sensors may be located in the load area of the web. The support bearing consists of at least two roller tracks, E16, at least one thin film sensor being arranged for each roller track. The invention can also be used in plain bearings.

According to one embodiment, the thin film sensor unit may be connected to the control of a web forming or finishing machine for one or even your purposes. An example of such a purpose is the monitoring of the condition of the bearings. Thus, according to an embodiment, the control of lubricating oil de-desolation in the bearings can be controlled on the basis of the measurement performed with the thin m glue sensors.

This allows optimization of friction losses and even prevention of excessive thinning of the nerves.

Thin film sensors can also be used to determine the load focused on the bearings. An example of this is the problematic zero load. On the basis of this, when meeting the criterion according to the settings, such an axial load that returns the working condition of the bearing can be focused on the bearing.

A thin film sensor unit can also be used for active operation control of the process conditions. In this case, the sensor unit can, for example, be connected to the load equipment of the roller.

Thanks to the invention, operating conditions can be adjusted on the basis of the actual operating conditions, which are shown in the measurements performed by the rotation input sensors. The invention eliminates controls based on estimation and calculated / theoretical observations. Real-time awareness enabled by the invention enables preventive maintenance along with which it can also be used to prevent the development of injuries.

The device according to the invention is simple both for operation, installation, calibration and possible replacement. Furthermore, it is very durable. Other additional advantages that can be achieved with the device, system and method according to the invention appear from the description, and the characterizing features are described in the appended claims.

The invention, which is not limited to the embodiments shown, is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 10 15 20 25 30 35 Fig.

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Pig. 7bv Fig. 1 2 Ba UI 7a 7c 533 215 constitutes a rough view showing a first application example of a layer according to the invention, constitutes a rough view showing a second application example of a layer according to the invention, constitutes a side view of an application example of a layer according to the invention, is a rough view showing a third application example of a bearing according to the invention, shows a first application example of a device according to a device in a PP PP g PP g press center roller, shows a second application example of a device according to the invention in a dexterity-grained roller, shows a third application example of a device according to the invention in a calender-forming roller, shows a first application example column on a device according to the invention in an online calendar, shows a second application example of a device according to the invention in a multi-roller calendar, ii "shows a fourth application example of a device according to the invention in a roller mounted with plain bearings, shows an application example pile on a system according to the invention in a web forming machine, shows an application example of using a sensor unit according to the invention to eliminate the zero load, shows an application example of a device according to the invention in a press vane roller, and Fig. 11 shows an application example of the design of a sensor unit according to the invention.

Pig. 1 and 2 are rough diagrams showing some examples of bearings 11, which can be used together with the sensor unit 12 according to the invention. Corresponding reference numerals are used for identical functional parts. The number of such bearings 1 1 may, for example, be one or two in a web forming or finishing machine.

The bearing 11 enables the rotational movement of the element 10 or a part of the element 10 present in the machine. Examples of web forming machines are paper or board machines (Fig. 8), tissue machines and massaging machines. Examples of finishing machines are calendars (Figs. 7a and 7b), roller cutters and machine reels. A completion machine can form part of the web forming machine itself (online) or be substantially separated from it (offline).

Examples of rotating elements include various rollers and cylinders located in many different sections of the machine. Examples of these include suction rollers, pressure rollers 10. 1 (Fig. 4), selection compensated rollers 10.2 (Figs.), Drying cylinders, lead rollers, calender rollers, soft calender rollers, heating rollers 10.3 (Fig. 6), high gloss calenders, reel rollers and reel rollers 10. (Fig. 10). Although Figs. 1 and 2 show a spherical roller bearing, it is to be considered in this context only as an example of the bearing types used in a production machine or a finishing machine. Other possible bearing types may include, for example, cylindrical roller bearings, angular contact ball bearings, three-part ring compound bearings, plain bearings and spherical plain bearings.

A spherical roller bearing 11 is used, for example, in machines as a support bearing 11.1, 11.2 for rotating elements (Figs. 4-6). In its basic form, the bearing 11 consists mainly of an outer ring 16, an inner ring 16 and anti-friction elements 18 and supports 17 arranged therebetween. In this case, the anti-friction elements are rollers 18. They roll along paths 19.1, 19.2 formed by rings 15, 16. The support 17 can surround the anti-friction elements 18. On the other hand, the support can, in addition to circular design, also be a so-called massive support.

The bearing frames 15. 16 here form two roller tracks 19.1, 19.2 next to each other in the axial direction.

Of course, the storage unit 11 may have several roller tracks or only one. The roller conveyors 19.1, 19.2 which act as support bearings 11.1, 11.2 are in a spherical arrangement. Thus, the inner surface 16.1 of the outer web 16 and the outer surface 15.2 of the inner web 15 assume a spherical, curved shape in the axial direction. The basic technology relating to spherical roller bearings 11 is quite obvious to those skilled in the art and will therefore not be described in more detail in this context. As such, the storage unit 11 may be of a technique already fully known or only under development; the invention does not set any limits in this context.

In the embodiments according to Fig. 1, thin film sensors 12 are integrated in the constructions of the bearings 11, on its outer path. The sensors consist of at least one unit formed by a function sensor 12. Here, the total number of visible sensors 12 is eight. Some of the sensors may be located on the outer surface 16.2 of the outer ring 16. In this case, these sensors 12 are located against the inner path of the bearing bracket or a possible fitting sleeve unit (not shown).

Some of the sensors 12 may be located on the inner surface 16.1 of the outer ring 16. In this case, the sensors 12 are located against rolling rollers 18.

The sensors 12 can be arranged at regular intervals around both roller tracks 19.1, 19.2, one or both roller tracks 19.1, 19.2 having at least one sensor 12. Equipping both roller tracks 19.1, 19.2 with a sensor unit 12 is advantageous with regard to the balance 11 of the bearing 11. By arranging your sensors 12 per each runway 19.1, 19.2, it is possible to indicate track-specific load over the runway, deviations that appear therein and events in general (not necessarily / only load).

In the embodiments according to Fig. 1, the sensors 12 are integrated in the inner ring 15, either in its outer web 15.1 and / or outer web 15.2. Here too, both runways 19.1, 19.2 are equipped with sensors 12.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the basic principle of the invention does not limit the method of arranging the sensors 12 to any particular arrangement in the bearings and their rings 15, 16. The sensors 12 may even be in communication with both rings 15, 16 or even with on all the track surfaces 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2 on the rings 15, 16 which are connected to the surfaces, or at least part of their surfaces. In addition, the number of sensor units 12 or the location adjacent to the bearing 11 may be extremely free within the limits of the basic idea of the invention.

According to one embodiment, thin film sensors 12 or at least the main part of them can be arranged in connection with the fixed layer 15, 16 on only the layer 11, such as for example the support layers 11.1, 11.2 shown in Figs. 4-6, which are arranged on one or more 20 25 30 35 533 245 of its surfaces. If for some reason it is difficult, impossible or unreliable to arrange the sensor unit 12 on the load surface, it can be arranged only on the outer surface 16.2 of the outer ring 16 or on the inner surface 15.1 of the inner ring 15.

More specifically, the sensors 12, according to an embodiment, may be arranged on such a surface of the immovable bearing ring which is not in contact with the anti-ignition elements 18.

Thus, it is easy to arrange wiring or similar physical data transfer from the sensors 12 to the control system CPU. Of course, it is also possible to use the telemet in the data transmission, it being not necessary to limit the equipment to only the fixed path with sensors. Different "sliding contact system" can also be useful.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 can be fixed with respect to the outer ring 16 and rotating with respect to the inner ring 15. Examples of such applications are shown in Figs. 4 and 6. Correspondingly, the application according to Fig. 2 is fixed with respect to the inner ring 15. and rotating with respect to the outer ring 16. A corresponding example of an application is shown in Figs. 5.

Pig. 3a shows in a side view an embodiment of the bearing 1. According to this, weighted positioning of the sensors 12 is also possible at some point of the path.

The thin film sensors 12 can be located adjacent to the fixed path 15, 16 of the support bearing 11 in such a way that their location is weighed so that they are in the loading zone 30 of the bearing 11.1, 11.2. be fl visible to some extent. The load zone 30 may have sensors 12 placed at more frequent intervals than in other parts of the path 16.

The embodiments according to Fig. 3b show yet another way of realizing the invention.

Here the bearing 11 is shown on its bearing bracket 31. Also in this case the outer ring 16 of the bearing is fixed, while the shaft 14 which can be connected to the inner ring of the bearing 11 rotates. Here, the sensors 12 are not axially integrated with the surface of the bearing but form their own post-adjustable component 12 ”. The sensor 12 ”is now integrated with a suitable support 32. The shape of the support can be such that it can be easily installed between the bearing housing formed by the bearing 11 and the bend 31. The shape of the base 32 can be, for example, a wedge-shaped body or sleeve.

The sensor unit can even be upgraded by simply replacing it with a new one.

Of course, sensors 12 integrated in the current bearing ring structures 15 can also be used in the same bearing structure. Figs. 4-6 show some devices which are possible within the scope of the invention, which can be used to measure the operating conditions of a rotating element, such as for instance a roller 10.1-10.3 in a web forming or finishing machine. Referring to Figs. 4-6, it is to be understood that they are not intended to show rollers, bearings and niacin constructions with fine details but are extremely rough at a very basic level. As already mentioned above, the rollers 10.1-10.3 comprise bearing 11, which enables rotation of one or more parts 13, 14 in the roller 101-103. Here, these rollers 10.1 ~ 10.3 are equipped with thin film sensors 12 for measuring / controlling the driving conditions of the roller and / or the production process in general.

F ig. 4 shows a roughly simplified example of a press roll, more specifically a press center roll 10.1. The position of the center roller 10.1 in the press section 51 of a paper cutter is shown in Fig. 8.

The layers ll shown in Pig. 1 and 2 are ring stands 31 which act as support bearings 11.1.

The shaft 14 of the roller 10 is mounted with bearings adjacent to the bearing bracket 31 which rotates at the same time as the jacket component 13 of the roller also rotates. The rotating element here is thus the roller 10.1 with its shafts 14 and casing 13 over the entire transverse length of the machine. The thin ring sensors 12 are here connected to, for example, the fixed bearing ring in the support bearings 11.1, which is the outer ring 16 of the bearing 11.1.

Fig. 5 shows a roughly simplified example of a press roll, more specifically a deionization compensated roll 10.2 for a press. In the press section 51, a section-compensated and zone-controlled roller 10.2 produces the effect that the manufactured product has the desired quality over the entire web width. A section-compensated zone-controlled roller 10.2 can be used, for example, in a calender 53. The position of a detection-compensated roller 10.2, 10.2 ”in both the press section 51 of a paper machine and in an online calender 53 is shown in Fig. 8.

The spherical roller bearings 11 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are located here on the inside of the casing 13 of the roller 10. Also in this case they can be said to function as support bearings 11.2 in the casing 13.

The deflection compensated roller 10.2 is loaded against the counter roller 10.3 in the calender 53 in a manner known per se. The action-compensated roller 10.2 is formed by a non-rotating shaft 14 ° and a rotating roller shell 13 equipped with bearings 11.2 according to the invention, which rotates about the shaft 14 "which is supported by spherical roller bearings 11.2 according to the invention. The shaft 14 ”which is located inside the jacket 13 comprises independently adjustable pressure elements 35. The elements 35 hydrostatically support the jacket 13, and they are used to adjust the section of the roller 10.2. The jacket 13 is adjusted to form, for example, the counter-roller 10.1, 10.3.

The shaft 14 of the roller 10.2 is connected to the bearing brackets 34 via, for example, spherical plain bearings 33. The circumferential part 13 of the roller connects to the shaft 14 ”via, for example, roller bearings 11.2. Here, the rotating element is thus constituted by the jacket 13. The thin inner sensors 12 are here, for example, in communication with the fixed bearing ring in the supporting bearing 11.2 of the shell 13, which in this case is the inner ring 15 which is connected to the shaft 14 "shaft 14". The sensor equipment 12 can also be present in the spherical plain bearing 33 and, for example, measure the total nip load.

Fig. 6 shows a roughly simplified example of a calender roll, more specifically a calender cross roller 10.3. The position of the heating roller 10.3 in an online calender 53 of a paper machine is shown in Fig. 8, and Figs. 7a and 7b show calendering applications, where the flextensively compensated rollers and / or heating rollers 10.2, 10.3 according to the invention can be used. A calender heating roller which is made of e.g. steel can be heated with a suitable heat transfer material. The pinch loads, i.e. the pressing force is determined in accordance with the paper quality produced. The basic construction of the calender roll 10.3 largely corresponds to the press center roll 10.1, which has already been described above.

F ig. 7a is a schematic view of an example of a soft lander application. Here, the upper roller may be a heat roller, such as, for example, the heating roller 10.3, and the lower roller may be a section compensated roller 10.2 (eg a zone-controlled SYM type). Sensor units 12 according to the invention may be present in both cases 10.2, 10.3, for example in their bearing units 11.1, 11.2 and / or load elements 35.

Fig. 7b is a schematic view of an embodiment of a multi-roll calender 42. Here the top roll since 10.2 * in the roll bar shown on the right in the figure may be a fixed deflction-compensated roll, and the bottom roll 10.2 may be of the flection-compensated type and also of the type that can be loaded by the bearings 11.2. 10 15 20 25 30 35 533 215 11 Between the upper and lower rollers 10.2 it is possible to alternately place, for example, intermediate rollers and heating rollers 10.3.

The type of bottom roll 10.2 shown in more detail in Fig. 7b may be a hydraulically de-selection compensated zone controlled roll (eg the applicant's SYM-Z roll).

The flction grain suspension of the roller 10.2 is realized by means of hydraulic load elements 35 which are arranged on the shaft 14 "of the roller 10.2. which affect the jacket 13 of the roller 10.2 by supporting it zone by zone. The loading elements 35 compensate for the av section of the roller 10.2 in the desired manner, whereby the desired even linear load is obtained. In addition to the excitation compensation, the load elements 35 also provide the desired proliferation or as each element 35 can be adjusted as desired in accordance with each proliferation need. The sensor unit 12 may be located in different positions in the load means 35. As an example of such positions, the sliding surface of the load element 35 can be mentioned.

The de-action-compensated roller 10.2 can be a roller of so-called. impression type or also a non-impression type roller. In an impression-type roller (eg the applicant's SYM-ZS-type roller) the loading means 13 'and the shaft 14' of the roller 10.2 are located between the bearings 11.2 and the shaft 14.2. ”Stays in place. In this case, against the inner surface 15.1 of the inner web 15 in the layer 11.2 of the jacket 13, there can be a load ring known per se, which is supported against the shaft 14 "of the roller 10.2. In such an impression-type roller 10.2, the jacket 13 of the roller 10.2 can be driven against the counter-roller.

If the bearings 11.2 and / or the load ring and / or the hydraulic loading means 36 are equipped with sensors 12 according to the invention, then the edge areas on the path running through the calender 42 can also be controlled and adjusted more precisely than before by loading focused on the bearings 11.2. The sensor unit 12 according to the invention shows the actual load in the edge areas of the roller 10.2. This has a substantially reducing effect on, for example, the amount of protrusions developed, since the edges may not have been used before.

As is known, spherical roller bearings 11.2 at the end of the jacket 13 can also be replaced by sliding bearings 1 1.3 known per se. The sensor unit according to the invention can also be used in the plain bearing unit 11.3 regardless of the rolling position. A plain bearing roller can be normal for its basic functions or a self-loading roller with a movable jacket. Fig. 7c. is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an application example of the fitting of the roller 10.5 with an impression-type plain bearing assembly. In this case, the sensors 12 can for instance be placed on / in sliding bearing element elements 14, 115 sliding surfaces and / or surfaces 61, 62, 64, 65. Figs. 7c shows some examples of positions of the sensors 12.

IFig. 7c also shows the axis of the roller 10.5 with the reference numeral 14 'and the roll shell with the reference numeral 13.

The roller shell 13 is supported against the inner surface 13 ”of the roller shell by loaded plain bearing elements 114, 115. In addition, the plain bearing elements 114, 115 are provided with seals 70, 71 and hollow spaces 61, 62 which can be pressurized. For both plain bearing elements 114, 115, the shaft of the roller 10.5 is provided with frame components 63, 63a extending towards the hollow spaces 61, 62 of the plain bearing elements 114, 115. Regarding the construction, the plain bearing elements 11, 14, 115 may themselves be conventional, equipped with oil 64, 65 on its outer surfaces. The oil tanks are connected to the pressure outlet 61, 62 via capillary holes 66. 67 which pass through the plain bearing elements. The basic techniques pertaining to the roller bearing units of the roll are known to those skilled in the art; the invention does not require special technical solutions regarding these. In this connection reference is made to the applicant's Finnish patent No. Fl-1 16538.

Pig. 8 shows an example of a web forming machine, which here is more precisely a paper machine 37. The paper machine 37 consists of many successive sections, such as for example a headbox 49, web forming section, press section and drying section 50-52. A calendering section 53 is, for example, arranged in front of the reel 54. All this is monitored and controlled by a processor unit CPU. More specifically, the CPU processor unit can be considered as machine control and condition monitoring automation 100-105.

The sensor unit 12 according to the invention, which is arranged in rotating elements, such as for instance rollers 101-105, can be connected to the processor unit CPU. Together they can form a system for monitoring and / or controlling the operating conditions of a rotating unit, such as for example a roller 10.1-10.5 in a web forming machine or finishing machine 37, 42. The method can be derived directly from the system, which represents only an implementation method for the practical the realization of the basic idea. In a machine, at least some of the rollers 10.1-10.5, for example their bearings and / or load means 1 1.1-1 1.3, 114, 115, 35, 36 may be equipped with thin film sensors 12. These can provide current measurement results to the processor unit CPU which relate to at least one measurement parameter. As a submodule, a monitoring module 100 including data transfer larks 205 may be used to handle this. For the monitoring of the sensor 12, it is possible to use, for example, a Wheatstone-type bridge circuit with amplifiers and sealers.

According to a first embodiment, the sensor means 12 can be used to monitor the bearing condition, such as for example roller / sliding bearings 11.1, 11.2, 11.3 (module 102). During the condition monitoring of the bearings 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, the thin film sensor 12 can detect a problem condition even before the actual damage has begun to develop. An exceptional load distribution or load / ternperatuni level indicates an abnormal event and therefore provides an opportunity to correct the condition and prevent or delay the development of damage. The sensor unit 12 is connected to the automatic CPU to monitor the condition of the bearings 11.1 - 11.3.

An example of a problem related to state overflow, where the invention can be used, may be caused by a roll length change due to thermal expansion.

This change can lead to a disturbance in the operation of the bearings 11.1, in the event that the axial sliding fit 43 between the outer path 16 of the bearing 11.1 and the housing 31 does not function as intended (Fig. 6). This may, for example, be due to sticking caused by the micro-movement of the sliding surfaces. As a result of this phenomenon, the load on the second roller track of the bearing 11 intensively increases, which is not desirable with respect to the calculated load of the bearing. The sensor unit 12 detects the disadvantage in load which consequently allows the nip to be opened. By using temporarily low load values, the frictional force to which the sliding fit is subjected reduces and allows the bearing housing 31 and the outer ring of the bearing 11 to move proportionally relative to each other, and the bearing 11 returns to its "place". Then the nip can be closed again and it is possible to return to the desired load values.

According to another embodiment, the sensor unit 12, 100 according to the invention can be used for optimizing lubrication of the bearings 11, such as for example roller bearings 11.1, 11.2 and / or plain bearings 11.3, 114, 115. In the present adjustable circulating lubrication system 101, 300 the setpoint for lubricating oil roller bearings 11.1, 11.2 according to the calculated maximum load and the actual operating speed of the machine. In bearings 11.1, 11.2 equipped with tunnel sensors 12, the control of lubricating oil e fl the fate can be controlled on the basis of the actual operating values (load and temperature, or just one of them). The goal is to keep the bearing's 11.1, 11.2 temperature within certain limits with a correct oil fl fate. 10 15 20 25 30 35 533 215 14 Thus, the processor unit CPU 101 can be used to control the oil flow control in the bearings 1 1.1, 1 1.2 in the roller 10.1-10.5 (control means 41) based on the measurement performed with the thin film sensors 12. A lubricating film break causes a temperature and pressure peak (load). With the sensor unit 12, discoveries can be made at an early stage before the development of damage and corresponding alarms can be activated.

According to a third embodiment, where thin film sensors 12 are used, it is also possible to determine loads with a focus on the bearings 11.1, 11.2. The load information is displayed by calculating it on the basis of the pressure information provided by the sensor unit 12. An application for this may be the 0-load elimination system for the roller bearings 11.1, 11.2. A criterion value can be set for the load. At its fulfillment, a low axial load according to the set value can be focused on the bearings 11.1, 11.2.

By using pressure sensors, it is also possible to build an active load system 104, 20 in the bearing 1 1, which can be used to eliminate the development of any overload. Thin film sensors 12 can, for example, detect an overload on the second roller conveyor 19.2 or even a condition indicating an approaching overload. If the pressure measurement of the thin film sensor 12 indicates an increase in load towards the critical area on, for example, the second roller track 19.2, the position on the fixed track of the roller bearing can be moved in the axial direction.

For example, the extension can be directed towards the free end of the roller. For the surface, both paths give an iron load distribution. Feedback to the control of the dry movement can be performed on the basis of, for example, the bearing pressure, which is measured with the sensor 12.

Pig. 9 shows an application example of such an active load sister 20 in the bearing member 11. Here, in contact with the free end of the roller, activating means 20 may be included for loading the fixed path 16 of the roller bearing 11 in the axial direction based on a determination of the load made with the thin film sensors. 12.

Activation Organiii. may consist, for example, of hydraulic cylinders 20 or electric transfer screwdrivers. The activating means / means 20 can be symmetrically connected / connected to the bearing path 16 at, for example, three points.

According to a fourth embodiment, in addition, the thin film sensors 12 can also be used to measure the nip forces (linear load) in roller nip constructions 45, for example in roller nip constructions 45 equipped with roller bearings or spherical plain bearings (Fig. 7b).

For example, stress measurements can be performed on the fixed paths of bearings 11.1, 11.2. On the basis of the measurements, it is possible to adjust and control the calendering process in intermediate or the flection-compensated rollers (eg the SYM-type roller developed by the applicant). The invention thus enables a more extensive use of rollers mounted with roller bearings in calendars 42, 53. Also in multi-choice calendars 42 it is possible with the invention to measure / determine loads on rollers mounted with anti-friction bearings (intermediate rollers and the flcompensation compensated SYM rollers). With this, nip forces (linear load) applied in each moment can be displayed exactly and in addition it is possible to prevent the bearing load from drifting towards the 0-load zone. Previously, it has been possible to estimate the linear load as a whole, while now the new features can also be treated. In addition to the hydraulic load elements 35, 36, the problems can also be measured on the surface of the roll shell 13, which can also be equipped with a sensor unit 12 according to the invention. With the invention it is possible to take even the previously unknown forces into account with a focus on the roll stack 10 ”itself. For example, forces generated by lever mechanisms and the section grain-controlled zone-controlled rollers.

In addition, according to a fifth embodiment, a tunnel sensor unit 12 according to the invention can also be used in load measurements over the sliding surfaces 38 of the sliding shoe 39 in the belt roll 10.4 of the press 51 and / or in the grooves 38 ”on its sliding shoes 39.

This application is shown in Fig. 10. Inside the rotating jacket 10.4 ”of the strip roller 10.4 there are loading means 40, which are used to load the jacket 10.4” against the counter roller.

The device can be used to measure actual load pressures and / or temperatures.

The measurement of the linear load is also more accurate than before when the sensor unit is placed in, for example, the shoe 39. The sensor unit may, for example, comprise your sensors 12 in the load element 39 at regular intervals.

This measurement can also be connected to the machine automation / condition monitoring (module 104).

In addition, according to a sixth form of drying, the sliding surfaces of the sliding bearings 11.3, 114, 115 and the sliding shoes / cavities 61, 62, 64, 65 can also be used to measure the actual load pressures and temperatures of the bearings with a tunnel sensor unit according to the invention. This solution can also be used in production machines for condition monitoring. In plain bearing applications 11.3, 114, 115, the surface pressures are lower than the anti-friction bearing applications 11.1, 11.2. In plain bearing applications 11.3, 114, 115, however, friction and wear problems are created especially in the event of disturbances.

Measurement and control solutions based on thin iron sensors offer many significant advantages in a paper machine environment. First, they offer more freedom to arrange the measurement. It is now possible to measure the pressure and temperature also on such objects which for one or more reasons have not been possible to measure before. Measurement of pressure and temperature is possible without the sensor unit disturbing the rest of the equipment or the machine drive. The sensor is very easy to implement. A pressure measurement performed with the sensor unit 12, 12 ”offers access to loads / guards.

As can be seen from the above, thin film sensors 12 can be used in an enormous number of applications in web forming and finishing machines. The solution with the sensor unit according to the invention offers new possibilities for measuring pressure and temperature also depending on its dimensions. For each measurement, the sensor can be dimensioned for the special measurement. The dimensioning can be affected by, for example, the choice of material for and / or the thickness of the sensor 12.

An example of a sensor which can be used in the invention is 1-15 μm, preferably 4-8 μm, such as for example 5-6 μm as the total thickness. Of course, even thinner sensors are possible provided that they can offer sufficiently good insulation films. The surface area of an individual sensor 12 can be, for example, 0.5-5 mm 2. To give an example of the diameter of a circular sensor construction, for example, a diameter of about 1 mm can be mentioned. As an exemplary pressure resistance, for example in plain bearing applications 11.3, 114, 115, the pressure resistance of the sensor can be 40-150 MPa and in other applications, when the base material is steel, as high as 1.5 GPa. To give an example of roller bearings 11.1, 11.2 pressure, which appears in the paper machine 37, the highest surface pressure is 1.4 GPa in special cases, but 0.6 -0.8 GPa on average.

An example of a manufacturing method for the sensor unit according to the invention is, for example, a coating method comprising one or more steps which has been implemented on the metal surface of the bearing 11. As examples of suitable application methods, industrial coating methods which are known per se can be mentioned, such as for example dry dusting and / or sensor layering created with atomic layer methods (e.g.

ALD coating method, atomic layer deposition). Fig. 11 gives an example of such a covered layer construction, which is shown in a cross-sectional view. Here, the thin film sensor 12 is located inside a coating with a stiffness and hardness corresponding to at least metal A. The sensor 12 thus has a hard protective layer, which is for example ceramic or of "kelmet" (core metal), its surface pressure resistance being noticeably better than that in, for example, strain gauge converters. The sensor 12 also enables the measurement of pulsating loads, which can occur in a paper production environment. The layers and their preferred adhesive strength are: Bottom A (= load-bearing metal) such as aluminum alloy or kelmet film, intermediate film B (Cr or Ni-Cr 0.1, 10 .mu.m), insulation Clm C (SiO 2. 2.4 .mu.m), sensitive sensor film D (Cu-Mn-Ni, 0.15-0.3 .mu.m), conductive film E (Cu-Mn-Ni, 0.15-0.3 .mu.m) and protective film F (SiO2, 2.4 .mu.m). Furthermore, it should be understood that the sensors 12 shown in the figures are, for illustrative reasons, extremely exaggerated in terms of dimension. in reality, the sensor unit 12 forms part of the surface of the component 11, 35, 36, i.e. is integrated with this. The sensor unit 12 and the component 11, 35. 96 thus form a jointly functioning whole.

In general, a sensor according to the invention can be based on the piezoresistivity of manganin (an alloying metal of copper, manganese and nickel). The shape of the sensor unit on the surface or in its vicinity can be, for example, an arc (omc) or omega shape (Q).

It is to be understood that the above description and the figures belonging thereto are for the purpose of illustrating the present invention only. The invention is thus not limited to the drying forums described above only or those stated in the claims, but many different variations and modifications of the invention, which are possible within the scope of the invention idea specified in the appended claims, will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (19)

10 15 20 25 30 35 533 213 18 KRAV Device in a web forming or folding machine (37, 42) which device comprises a roller (10.1-10.5) and bearing means (1 1) with support bearings (1 1.1, 11.2, 11.3, 114, 115) for the roller wherein the support bearings consist of at least two roller conveyors (19.1, 19.2) and wherein at least one thin roller sensor for measuring operating conditions for the roller is arranged for each roller conveyor (19.1, 19.2). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said roller consists of a press roller (10.1, 10.2) or a calender roller (10.2, 10.3, 10.5), Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thin film sensors (12, 12 ”) are arranged in connection with the fixed path (15, 16.2) of the support bearing (11.1, 11.2). Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the thin film sensors (12, 12 ") are arranged in connection with the fixed path (15, 16.2) of the support bearing (11.1, 11.2), in its load-bearing wire (30). Device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that said roller consists of a selection compensated roller (10.2, 10.5), which further comprises means (35, 36) for loading the roller (10.2) and in which thin film sensors ( 12) are arranged in connection with said load means (35, 36). Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for loading the roller (10.2) comprise several loading elements (35) with tunnel sensors (12) arranged in connection with at least a part thereof. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the bearings comprise plain bearings (1 1.3, 1 14, 1 15), with a thin film sensor (12) arranged to measure e.g. load piece and / or temperature over the sliding surfaces and / or at the slide shoes and cavities (61, 62, 64, 65) in the capacity of said operating conditions. A system in a runway and completion machine (37, 42) for monitoring and / or controlling the operating conditions of a roller (10.1-10.5), the system comprising a processor unit (CPU) which performs monitoring and / or control of the machine (37, 42). 42) and wherein the roller has bearing means with support bearings (1 1 .1, 11.2, 1 1.3, 114, 115) for the roller (l0.1-1 (). 5_) which support bearings (1 1.1, 11.2, 1 1.3, 114, 1 15) consists of at least two roller tracks (19. 1, 19.2) and wherein at least one thin film sensor (12, 12 ") for measuring the operating conditions of the roller (10.1-10.5) is assigned to each roller track (19.1, 19.2) which thin film sensors (12, 12 °) are arranged to provide measurement results to said processor unit (CPU) regarding operating conditions for the roller. System according to claim 8, characterized in that the processor unit (CPU, 101) is arranged to control the regulation of the lubricating oil flow in the bearings (10.1-10.5) of the roller (11.1-11.3, 114, 115) on the basis of the measurement performed with the thin m lm sensors (12, 12 '). 10. A system according to any one of claims 8-9, characterized in that by using the thin film sensors (12, 12 °) load with focus on the bearings (1 1.1, 1 1.2) can be determined, for which load a criterion value is set, whereby when this is met an axial load according to the set value is focused on the bearings (11.1, 11.2). System according to claim 10, characterized in that alignment means (20) are arranged in connection with the end of the roller to extend the position of the fixed path of the roller bearing (11) in the axial direction on the basis of the measurement performed with the tunnel sensor (12, 12). °). System according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the thin film sensors (12, 12 ") are arranged to measure the nip forces in roll nip constructions (45) by measuring the stresses of the fixed paths of the bearings (1 1.1, 11.2). (15, 16) and on the basis of said measurement, the calendering process can be controlled. Method in a web-forming or finishing machine (37, 42) for measuring the operating conditions of a roller (10.1-10.5) in which roller has bearing means (11) with support bearings (1 1.1, 11.2, 1 1.3, 114, 115) for the roller wherein the support bearings consist of at least two roller tracks (19.1, 19.2) and wherein at least one thin film sensor for measuring operating conditions for the roller is arranged for each roller track (19.1, 19.2) and wherein the operating conditions for the roller (10.1 - 10.5) are measured with said roller 12, 12 ”). Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the regulation of the lubricating oil fl fate in the bearings (11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 114, 115) of the roller (10.1-10.5) is controlled on the basis of the measurement performed by the thin film sensors (12, 12 °). 10 15 20 533 TIS 20 Method according to claim 13, characterized in that by using the thin sensor (12, 12 ') load is determined with a focus on the bearings (11.1, 11.2) for controlling the axial load to be focused on the bearings (1 1.1, 11.2). . Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the position of the fixed path of the roller (10.1-10.3) fl is shifted in the axial direction adjacent to the end of the roller (10.1-10.3) on the basis of the measurement performed with the thin sensor (12, 12 '). Method according to one of Claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the thin film sensors (12, 12 °) are used for measuring the nip forces in roller nip constructions (45), which measurement is made on the fixed paths of the bearings (11.1, 11.2) (15). , 16) and on the basis of said measurement the calendering process is controlled. Method according to one of Claims 13 to 17, characterized in that thin-film sensors (12) are used for measuring, for example, load pressure and / or temperature over the sliding surfaces of the sliding bearings (1 1.3, 114, 115) and / or in the sliding shoe cavity cavities (61, 62). , 64, 65) in the capacity of said operating conditions for the warehouse (11.3). Method according to one of Claims 13 to 18, characterized in that a thin film sensor (12) is also used for load measurements over the sliding surfaces (38) of the sliding shoe (39) in a strip roller (10.4) and / or in the corners (38 °). ) on the sliding shoe (39).