SE531614C2 - Value-bearing unit and system for safe management of value-bearing units - Google Patents
Value-bearing unit and system for safe management of value-bearing unitsInfo
- Publication number
- SE531614C2 SE531614C2 SE0702665A SE0702665A SE531614C2 SE 531614 C2 SE531614 C2 SE 531614C2 SE 0702665 A SE0702665 A SE 0702665A SE 0702665 A SE0702665 A SE 0702665A SE 531614 C2 SE531614 C2 SE 531614C2
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- value
- unit
- bearing unit
- bearing
- memory
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/12—Card verification
- G07F7/125—Offline card verification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/347—Passive cards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/354—Card activation or deactivation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/355—Personalisation of cards for use
-
- G07D7/0093—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F19/00—Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/04—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by paper currency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/12—Card verification
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Cash Registers Or Receiving Machines (AREA)
Description
25 30 531 E*'l4 till de bifogade ritningarna, i vilka: - Fi g. 1 är ett blockschema över ett system för säker hantering av betalningsmedel, - Fig. 2 är en schematisk perspektivbild av en sedel försedd med en elektronisk skyddsmodul, - Fi g. 3 är ett blockschema över uppbyggnaden av en skyddsmodul, - Fig. 4 är en scheinatisk bild som visar transport av sedlar, och - Fig. 5 är en schematisk bild som visar kontroll av sedlar. 531 E * '14 to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system for secure handling of means of payment, - Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a banknote provided with an electronic protection module, - Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the construction of a protection module, Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the transport of banknotes, and Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing control of banknotes.
DETALJERAD BESKRIVNING l fig. 2 visas en värdehandling såsom en penningsedel eller banksedcl 1. Den är försedd med en modul i form av ett elektroniskt mikrochip 3, som har intelligens såsom i form av en rnikroprocessor 5 med tillhörande minne 7 och som vidare har kretsar 9 för överföring av signa- ler med hjälp av trådlös korthållskommunikation, exempelvis med hjälp av radiovågor och en energikrcts ll, se blockschemat i fig. 3. lminnet 7 finns en minnesplats 13 avsedd för lagring av en indikator angivande modulens och därmed sedelns 1 aktuella tillstånd, som anges som "Ak- tiv" eller "Ej aktiv". Vidare kan en minnesplats 15 finnas för permanent lagring en identifikatiwl för eller identitet hos modulen och sedeln. Modulen 3 kan förses med energi genom induktiv överföring av tillräcklig energi till energikretsen ll för att kunna genomföra kommunikation med någon lämplig annan enhet och kan för detta ändamål innefatta en lämpligt utfonnad antenn eller lindning 17, som fungerar som sekundärspolen i en transformator. Kommunikation med modulen 3 kan innefatta att modulen vid mottagning av lämplig signal själv utsändcr signaler, som representerar dess aktuella tillstånd. Om i modulen även information om dess och/eller se- delns identitet finns lagrad, kan modulen vid mottagande av annan lämplig signal själv utsända signaler, som representerar identiteten.DETAILED DESCRIPTION Fig. 2 shows a security document such as a banknote or banknote 1. It is provided with a module in the form of an electronic microchip 3, which has intelligence such as in the form of a microprocessor 5 with associated memory 7 and which further has circuits 9. for the transmission of signals by means of wireless short-range communication, for example by means of radio waves and an energy circuit 11, see the block diagram in Fig. indicated as "Active" or "Inactive". Furthermore, a memory location 15 can be provided for permanent storage, an identification or identity of the module and the banknote. The module 3 can be supplied with energy by inductive transmission of sufficient energy to the energy circuit 11 to be able to carry out communication with any suitable other unit and may for this purpose comprise a suitably formed antenna or winding 17, which acts as the secondary coil in a transformer. Communication with the module 3 may comprise that the module itself, upon receipt of a suitable signal, itself transmits signals which represent its current state. If information about its and / or the banknote's identity is also stored in the module, the module can itself send out signals which represent the identity when receiving another suitable signal.
Korthållskommunikationen kan försiggå mellan modulen 3 och en avläsande eller styrande station 21. En sådan station innefattar då läinpligen kommunikationskretsar 23 för överföring av signaler mellan stationen och moduler. Vidare kan en antenn eller lindning 25 finnas för induktiv överföring av energi till en modul 3, i det fall att modulen innefattar motsvarande antenn eller lindning 17. Överföring av infonnation mellan en station 21 och en modul 3 kan skyddas med hjälp av lämplig kryptering såsom med en 128 bitars ASCII-kodnyckel. Då kan modulen 3 innefatta en fast inlagd, privat kodnyckel lagrad på en minnesplats 27 och vidare en minnesplats 29 för tem- porär lagring av en verifierande kodnyckel. Stationen 21 kan på samma sätt innefatta en minnes- plats 31 i ett minne 33 för lagring av en fast inlagd, privat kodnyckel och en minnesplats 35 för lagring av en verifierande nyckel.The short-range communication can take place between the module 3 and a reading or controlling station 21. Such a station then readily comprises communication circuits 23 for transmitting signals between the station and modules. Furthermore, an antenna or winding 25 may be provided for inductive transmission of energy to a module 3, in case the module comprises the corresponding antenna or winding 17. Transmission of information between a station 21 and a module 3 can be protected by means of suitable encryption as with a 128-bit ASCII code key. Then the module 3 may comprise a fixed, private code key stored on a memory location 27 and furthermore a memory location 29 for temporary storage of a verifying code key. The station 21 may similarly comprise a memory location 31 in a memory 33 for storing a fixed, private code key and a memory location 35 for storing a verifying key.
Om det vid kommunikation mellan en station 21 och en modul 3 visar sig, att krypterings- 35 koderna inte med tillräcklig säkerhet passar ihop med varandra, t ex med hänsyn tagen till en för- 1D 15 20 25 30 35 531 B14 3 utbestämd pröcentsats för godkännande med tanke på tillåtet antal bitfel, eller att kommunikation mellan stationen och modulen har påbörjats ett antal gånger utan att matchningen av krypterings- koder har varit framgångsrik, kan modulen och därmed den värdehandling, i vilken den ingår, avaktiveras genom att dess tillstånd sätts till "Ej aktiv". Den värdebärande enhetens l identitet som lämpligen kan utgöras av en unik hexadecimal kod kan då överföras till en central databas och där markeras som "Makulerad" för all framtid.If, when communicating between a station 21 and a module 3, it turns out that the encryption codes do not match with each other with sufficient security, for example with regard to a predetermined percentage for approval in view of the permissible number of bit errors, or that communication between the station and the module has been started a number of times without the matching of encryption codes being successful, the module and thus the value document in which it is included can be deactivated by setting its permission to "Inactive". The identity of the value-bearing unit 1, which may suitably consist of a unique hexadecimal code, can then be transferred to a central database and marked there as "Shredded" for all time to come.
Transport av sedlar från en plats A till en plats B kan utföras såsom åskådliggörs i fi g. 4.Transport of banknotes from a place A to a place B can be performed as illustrated in fig. 4.
De sedlar som skall transporteras placeras, exempelvis i en vårdetransportkassett 41, så att de kan nås av trådlösa signaler från en avaktiveriiigsenhet 43. Avaktiveringsenheten bringas att ut- sända signaler, som mer eller mindre samtidigt mottas av alla sedlamas moduler 3, vilka signaler först överför tillräcklig energi till modulemas energikretsar och därefter överför en signal, vilken mottas av processom 5 och används för sätta indikatorerna för modulemas tillstånd till "Ej aktiv" genom lagring av motsvarande infonnation på minnesplatsema 13. Därefter transporteras sedlar- na till platsen B. Där placeras de transporterade sedlarna så att de för trådlös kommunikation kan nås av en aktiveringsenhet 45. Denna får då utsända signaler på samma sätt som avaktiveringsen- heten 43, men med en signal, som mottas av modulema 3 och av deras processorer 5 används för att sätta modulemas tillstånd till "Aktiv" genom lagring av lämplig information på minnesplat- serna 13.The banknotes to be transported are placed, for example, in a care transport cassette 41, so that they can be accessed by wireless signals from a deactivation unit 43. The deactivation unit is caused to transmit signals which are more or less simultaneously received by all the banknotes' modules 3, which signals first transmit sufficient energy to the energy circuits of the modules and then transmits a signal, which is received by the processor 5 and used to set the indicators of the state of the modules to "Inactive" by storing the corresponding information on the memory locations 13. Then the banknotes are transported to the location B. transported the banknotes so that they can be reached for wireless communication by an activating unit 45. This may then send signals in the same way as the deactivating unit 43, but with a signal received by the modules 3 and by their processors 5 used to set the state of the modules to "Active" by storing appropriate information on the memory locations 13.
Genom att sedlarnas moduler 3 under transporten alla har tillståndet "Ej aktiv", kan sedlar som eventuellt stulits under transporten lätt detekteras såsom framgår av fig. 5. En sedel placeras då så att dess modul 3 kan kommunicera med en kontrollenhet 47. Från kontrollenheten utsänds signaler för att först induktivt överföra energi till modulens energikrets ll och därefter för att ef- terfråga modulens tillstånd. Vid mottagande av den senare signalen utsänder modulen informa- tion om sitt tillstånd.Because the modules 3 of the banknotes during transport all have the state "Not active", banknotes that may have been stolen during transport can be easily detected as shown in Fig. 5. A banknote is then placed so that its module 3 can communicate with a control unit 47. From the control unit signals to first inductively transfer energy to the module's energy circuit ll and then to request the state of the module. Upon receipt of the latter signal, the module sends out information about its state.
För att ytterligare öka säkerheten kan sådan kontrollenhet 47, exempelvis när den finns i en bank, bankomat eller butik, också förses med avaktiveringsfunktion liknande den hos enheten 21 för att efter mottagande av en sedel försätta dess modul 3 i ej aktivt tillstånd. Vidare kan då ock- så kontrollenheten 47 förses med samma aktiveringsfunktion som enhetens 45, så att modulen i varje utlämnad sedel 1 får tillståndet "Aktiv" efter att vid lagring, såsom i banken, bankomaten eller butiken, modulen hela tiden har varit i ej aktivt tillstånd.To further increase security, such control unit 47, for example when it is located in a bank, ATM or shop, can also be provided with a deactivation function similar to that of unit 21 in order to put its module 3 in an inactive state after receiving a banknote. Furthermore, the control unit 47 can then also be provided with the same activation function as the unit 45, so that the module in each issued banknote 1 receives the permit "Active" after storage, such as in the bank, ATM or store, the module has always been inactive. permission.
I det fall att modulema 3 innefattar infonnation om sin och sedelns identitet kan sedlarna användas i ett större system, där en kontroll av sedlarna kan göras vid varje transaktion, vid vil- ken mottagaren av sedeln innehar en lämplig avläsningsenhet av samma slag som kontrollenhe- ten 47 men som är utbyggd för även avläsning av identitet och dessutom eventuellt är uppkopp- lad för att vara i kontakt med andra liknande enheter och eventuellt är i kontakt med en central- 10 15 531 E14 4 enhet i ett större övervakningssystem.In the event that the modules 3 include information about their and the banknote's identity, the banknotes can be used in a larger system, where a check of the banknotes can be made at each transaction, in which the recipient of the banknote has a suitable reading unit of the same type as the control unit. 47 but which is expanded to also read identity and in addition may be connected to be in contact with other similar units and may be in contact with a central unit in a larger monitoring system.
Sådana avläsningsenheter kan exempelvis vara kopplade till eller inbyggda i olika system, såsom sedelhanteringssystein, kassaapparater och bankomatcr, i handeln. Avläsningsenhetema kan vara anordnade så att de också kan utföra avaktivering och aktivering på samma sått som en- hetema 47 i fig. 5, vilket också gör transporten av sedlar mellan butiker och banker och liknande säkrare.Such reading units may, for example, be connected to or built into various systems, such as banknote handling systems, cash registers and ATMs, commercially. The reading units can be arranged so that they can also perform deactivation and activation in the same way as the units 47 in fi g. 5, which also makes the transport of banknotes between shops and banks and the like safer.
Ett sådant system visas schematiskt i fig. 1. Det finns tre säkerhetsnivåer, som anges av gråskalan hos blocken - ju mörkare skuggning, desto högre säkerhet.Such a system is shown schematically in fi g. There are three security levels, which are indicated by the grayscale of the blocks - the darker the shading, the higher the security.
I centralenheten 51, "Trace Control Center", utförs kontroller och uppföljningar av olika slag samt spänning av sedlar/mynt och värdepapper. I kontrollstationerna 53, "Cash Controller Value Checkpoint", utförs kontroll av valörer som cirkulerar i handeln, där människor kan kont- rollera sin va1utat.ex. vid affärer sinsemellan.In the central unit 51, "Trace Control Center", checks and follow-ups of various kinds are performed, as well as the tensioning of banknotes / coins and securities. In the control stations 53, "Cash Controller Value Checkpoint", checks are carried out on denominations circulating in the trade, where people can check their currency.ex. in business among themselves.
I ett sådant system kan alla penningtransporter ske med spärrade sedlar, så att mottagande part alltid endast har spärrade sedlar i sin ägo. Med mottagande part avses banker, butiker m.fl.In such a system, all money transfers can take place with blocked banknotes, so that the receiving party always only has blocked banknotes in its possession. Receiving party refers to banks, shops, etc.
I beskrivningen ovan har sedlar använts som exempel på värdehandlingar, värdepapper el- ler liknande som har ett penningvärde. Det inses att modulerna 3 kan anbringas på godtyckli ga värdebårande enheter såsom värdehandlingar, i mynt etc.In the description above, banknotes have been used as examples of securities, securities or the like that have a monetary value. It is understood that the modules 3 can be applied to arbitrary value-bearing units such as securities, coins, etc.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0702665A SE531614C2 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2007-11-27 | Value-bearing unit and system for safe management of value-bearing units |
PCT/SE2008/000666 WO2009070087A1 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2008-11-27 | Value carrying unit and system for secure handling of value carrying units |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0702665A SE531614C2 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2007-11-27 | Value-bearing unit and system for safe management of value-bearing units |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE0702665L SE0702665L (en) | 2009-05-28 |
SE531614C2 true SE531614C2 (en) | 2009-06-09 |
Family
ID=40678819
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE0702665A SE531614C2 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2007-11-27 | Value-bearing unit and system for safe management of value-bearing units |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
SE (1) | SE531614C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009070087A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2891458A1 (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-22 | Cashlock Ab | Method and system for reducing the risk of robbery/theft of banknotes |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE512828C2 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 2000-05-22 | Jeronym Seitl | Banknote provided with recording and memory component |
FR2907948B1 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2009-01-30 | Ingenico Sa | METHOD OF FIGHT AGAINST TICKET FLIGHT, TICKET, CORRESPONDING INACTIVATION DEVICE AND ACTIVATION DEVICE |
-
2007
- 2007-11-27 SE SE0702665A patent/SE531614C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-11-27 WO PCT/SE2008/000666 patent/WO2009070087A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE0702665L (en) | 2009-05-28 |
WO2009070087A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8145191B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for preventing wireless interrogation of phones | |
US9286605B2 (en) | Secure credit card with near field communications | |
ES2566669T3 (en) | Credit card and data activation system protected | |
US8791822B2 (en) | Embedded RFID verifiable currency | |
JP5310318B2 (en) | Receipt printing apparatus, receipt printing apparatus control method, and program | |
ES2401913T3 (en) | System for handling cash logistics processes | |
CN101027698B (en) | Method for identifying that a banknote is from ATM | |
US20090222362A1 (en) | Method for handling of a bank note and system therefore | |
US20080106726A1 (en) | Currency detection & tracking system and method | |
CN101346728A (en) | Collaborating RFID devices | |
US8028895B2 (en) | Electronic money charger | |
EP2485407A2 (en) | Coordinating Multiple Contactless Data Carriers | |
WO2000034923A1 (en) | Method of checking authenticity of sheet with built-in electronic circuit chip | |
WO2005069208A1 (en) | Radio frequency identification tagging | |
SE1500237A1 (en) | Method and system for reducing the risk of robbery / theft ofbanknotes | |
US7800502B2 (en) | Process for deterring the theft of notes, note, corresponding inactivation device and activation device | |
GB1582989A (en) | Security systems | |
SE531614C2 (en) | Value-bearing unit and system for safe management of value-bearing units | |
CN107005545A (en) | The method for verifying ticket validity;Mobile device | |
US7647499B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for ownership verification | |
KR100991883B1 (en) | Smart card system for fingerprinting congnition and control method thereof | |
EP0982687A1 (en) | Method for preventing or detecting fraud in an identification system | |
CN101918952A (en) | Electronic system and method of operating an electronic system | |
ES2248560T3 (en) | SECURITY SYSTEM FOR CASSETS. | |
WO2001091065A1 (en) | Banknote handling system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
NUG | Patent has lapsed |