SE460600B - Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool - Google Patents

Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool

Info

Publication number
SE460600B
SE460600B SE8702391A SE8702391A SE460600B SE 460600 B SE460600 B SE 460600B SE 8702391 A SE8702391 A SE 8702391A SE 8702391 A SE8702391 A SE 8702391A SE 460600 B SE460600 B SE 460600B
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
diameter
ratio
reinforced ceramic
single crystal
matrix
Prior art date
Application number
SE8702391A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE8702391D0 (en
SE8702391L (en
Inventor
G Brandt
A Thelin
Original Assignee
Sandvik Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Ab filed Critical Sandvik Ab
Priority to SE8702391A priority Critical patent/SE460600B/en
Publication of SE8702391D0 publication Critical patent/SE8702391D0/en
Priority to EP88850174A priority patent/EP0295228B1/en
Priority to DE8888850174T priority patent/DE3869483D1/en
Priority to AT88850174T priority patent/ATE74116T1/en
Priority to JP63128588A priority patent/JPH0791122B2/en
Priority to US07/201,931 priority patent/US4849381A/en
Publication of SE8702391L publication Critical patent/SE8702391L/en
Priority to US07/349,094 priority patent/US4920838A/en
Publication of SE460600B publication Critical patent/SE460600B/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/101Refractories from grain sized mixtures
    • C04B35/106Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

Ceramic cutting tool material has a matrix of silicon nitride or alumina in which is dispersed up to 35 wt.% of monocrystalline whiskers. The reinforcement includes at least 5% of each of two at least of the following: (a) fibres with dia. less than 1 micron and an aspect ratio of 15-150; (b) fibres with a dia. of 1-6 microns and an aspect ratio of 5-100; (c) discs with an equivalent dia. of 5-50 microns and an aspect ratio of 5-50. Pref. the whiskers are of silicon carbdie. An alumina matrix pref. contains 3-20 wt.% of zirconia and optionally 1-20 wt.% of chromium as Cr2O3. A silicon nitride matrix pref. contains up to 10% of zirconia.

Description

15 20 25 30 35 -a.=_iíç_.zš:-gæ__geftev f . « “i V ^ i ~.: se' ~,:~:- " s* ' 460 eoo i r ii ¿ operationer. Emellertid fortgår sökandet kontinuerligtë ¿A efter större förbättringar av egenskaperna hos skärverktyg. 15 20 25 30 35 -a. = _ Iíç_.zš: -gæ__geftev f. «“ I V ^ i ~ .: se '~,: ~: - "s *' 460 eoo i r ii ¿operations. However, the search continues continuously ¿A for major improvements in the properties of cutting tools.

Det primära målet med föreliggande uppfinning är att àstad-~§« komma ett material med förbättrat seghetsbeteende och ett@ större applikationsomràde än vad som hittills varit känt.Ü Detta mål har uppnåtts genom en samtidig verkan av flera _ seghetsökande mekanismer. Vid olika praktiska skärprov- ningar har det visat sig att den maximala skärlivslängden beror på storleken hos den enskilda kristallen samt geo- metrin hos förstärkningstillsatserna vid en specificerad bearbetningsoperation. Därför har ett visst tidigare känt material ett relativt snävt optimalt tillämpningsområde.The primary object of the present invention is to provide a material with improved toughness behavior and a larger field of application than has hitherto been known. This object has been achieved by a simultaneous action of several toughness-increasing mechanisms. In various practical cutting tests, it has been found that the maximum cutting life depends on the size of the individual crystal and the geometry of the reinforcement additives in a specified machining operation. Therefore, a certain prior art material has a relatively narrow optimal range of application.

Det har nu överraskande visat sig att man genom tillsats av flera olika klasser av förstärkande enhetliga kristaller, med avseende på geometri och storlek, kan uppnå inte bara en breddning av applikationsomrâdet utan även en förbätt- ring av skärlivslångden.It has now surprisingly been found that by adding several different classes of reinforcing uniform crystals, with respect to geometry and size, one can achieve not only a widening of the application area but also an improvement of the cutting life.

Föreliggande uppfinning är generellt riktad på framställ- av whiskersförstärkta keramiska skärmaterial kännetecknade av ökad skarlivslängd och ett bredare tillämpningsområde än tidigare kända material. Kompositmaterialen består av en grundmassa baserad pa Al203 och upp till 35 vikt-% enkristaller eller whiskers med olika geometrier och storlekar. En lämplig koncentration av ostabiliserad och/eller partiellt stabiliserad zirkoniumoxid (företrädesvis 3-20 och helst S-15 vikt-%) ökar seghetsbeteendet hos kompositmaterialet inom ett bredare område av metallbearbet- ningstillämpningar än vad som kan uppnås med enbart en av de' företrädesvis av SiC. som används i föreliggande uppfinning är av enkristallin struktur och uppdelade i tre typer kännetecknade av olika diametrar samt olika längdldiameter- eller exempelvis diameterltjockleks- förhållanden, varvid minst 5 vikt-S av vardera av ätminstoneg tvä av följande tre typer finns narvarande i grundmassan: tillsatser som nämnts ovan. De whiskers. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 .Mn/Ry *ffimés ' i typiskt värde 0,6/um, och ett längdldiameterförhål- Ü lanae av 15-150; '* (ii) Enkristallfibrer med en diameter av 1-6/um, typiskt värde 3-4,um och ett längdldiameterförhâl- lande av S-100: samt (iii) Enkristallskivor med en ekvivalent diameter (hypote-i tisk diameter av en cirkel med samma yta som skivan) av 5-50/um, typiskt värde 20/um och ett formför- hållande (där formförhállandet definieras såsom för- hållandet mellan ekvivalent diameter och tjocklek hos skivan) av 5-50, typiskt värde 10-20.The present invention is generally directed to the production of whisker-reinforced ceramic cutting materials characterized by increased cutting life and a wider range of application than previously known materials. The composite materials consist of a matrix based on Al2O3 and up to 35% by weight of single crystals or whiskers with different geometries and sizes. A suitable concentration of unstabilized and / or partially stabilized zirconia (preferably 3-20 and most preferably S-15% by weight) increases the toughness behavior of the composite material over a wider range of metalworking applications than can be achieved with only one of the preferred Sic. used in the present invention are of single crystalline structure and divided into three types characterized by different diameters and different length diameter or for example diameter thickness ratios, at least 5% by weight of each of at least two of the following three types being present in the matrix: additives such as mentioned above. The whiskers. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 .Mn / R * (ii) Single crystal fibers with a diameter of 1-6 μm, typically value 3-4, μm and a length diameter ratio of S-100: and (iii) Single crystal sheets with an equivalent diameter (hypothetical diameter of a circle with the same surface area as the disk) of 5-50 .mu.m, typical value 20 .mu.m and a shape ratio (where the shape ratio is defined as the ratio between equivalent diameter and thickness of the disk) of 5-50, typically value 10-20 .mu.m .

Kompositmaterialet kan dessutom innehålla refraktära nitti- der och karbider för att öka varmhårdhet och vârmelednings- förmåga vilket är fördelaktigt vid vissa metallbearbetnings- tillämpningar. V Exempel 1 Skärmaterial tillverkades från följande begynnelsematerial: A.The composite material may also contain refractory rivets and carbides to increase heat hardness and thermal conductivity, which is advantageous in certain metalworking applications. Example 1 Cutting material was made from the following starting materials: A.

BI EQ Aluminiumoxid med en kornstorlek 5 1/um; SiC-enkristaller med en genomsnittsdiameter av 0,6/um _ och ett genomsnittligt längd/diameterförhållande lika med 60; SiC-enkristaller med en genomsnittsdiameter av Glum och ett genomsnittligt längd/díameterförhållande lika med 10; _ SiC-enkristaller med en genomsnittlig ekvivalent diame- ter av 20/um och ett formförhållande av 10: Zr02 med en kornstorlek < 2/um.BI EQ Alumina with a grain size of 5 1 / um; SiC single crystals having an average diameter of 0.6 .mu.m and an average length / diameter ratio equal to 60; SiC single crystals with an average diameter of Glum and an average length / diameter ratio equal to 10; SiC single crystals with an average equivalent diameter of 20 .mu.m and a shape ratio of 10: ZrO2 with a grain size <2 .mu.m.

A SiC-enkristallerna fördelades och vâtmaldes med aluinium-_ oxidpulver. Efter torkning varmpressades blandningen vid ”' 172s°c 1 so min (med zroz via 1sso°c 1 ao min) till (i) Enkristallfibrer med en diameter mindre än 1,um;:Ü 10 15 20 25 30 35 ._ :_ _ -w ~. ~ Ja» . ~p,_, fwíaflqgw., ,. 460 600 99,6 t av den teoretiska tätheten. Sammansättnings-1 varianterna framgår av Tabell 1.The SiC single crystals were partitioned and wet ground with aluminum oxide powder. After drying, the mixture was hot-pressed at 172s ° c for 1 so min (with zroz via 1sso ° c 1 ao min) to (i) Single crystal fibers with a diameter of less than 1 .mu.m; _ -w ~. ~ Yes ». ~ p, _, fwía fl qgw.,,. 460 600 99.6 t of the theoretical density. The composition-1 variants are shown in Table 1.

Tabell 1 Var Q Q 1 1 bal 24 S 2 ' 24 3 ' 0 4 ' 8 5 ' 8 6 ' 12 Bxemgel 2 \ OGQOOO Im 10 10 10 10 tidigare teknik egen ansökan enl uppfinningen Materialen från Exempel 1 provades i form av skär SNGN 120412 i gjutjârn SS 0125 vid en íntermittent fräsoperation med höga seghetskrav. Följande skärlivslängdsrangordning erhölls vid olika skärbetingelser (Tabell 2).Table 1 Was QQ 1 1 bal 24 S 2 '24 3' 0 4 '8 5' 8 6 '12 Bxemgel 2 \ OGQOOO Im 10 10 10 10 prior art own application according to the invention The materials from Example 1 were tested in the form of inserts SNGN 120412 in cast iron SS 0125 in an intermittent milling operation with high toughness requirements. The following cutting life ranking was obtained at different cutting conditions (Table 2).

Tabell 2 Skärlivslängd vid olika skärbetingelserß Skärhastighet, 400 m/min Matningï 0,3 mm/varv Variant Oñflflàldkåi-fl NUJO-làlflfli 400 0,5 D-IWNUDUIG 700 0,3 NHNfl-Nbfi 700 IUUIO-JcDUIG Total rang- ordning 24 19 17 10 10 15 20 .ïç 4eo¿enof“, 5 Resultatet visar att varianterna 4, 5 och 6 enligt förelig- Tr gande uppfinning utnyttjar flera seghetsökande mekanismer samt är överlägsna varianterna enligt tidigare känd teknik.Table 2 Cutting life at different cutting conditionsß Cutting speed, 400 m / min Feed rateï 0.3 mm / rev Variant Oñ flfl àldkåi- fl NUJO-làl flfl i 400 0.5 D-IWNUDUIG 700 0.3 NHN fl- Nb fi 700 IUUIO-JcDUIG Total ranking 24 19 The results show that variants 4, 5 and 6 according to the present invention utilize several toughness-increasing mechanisms and are superior to the variants according to the prior art.

Exemgel 3 Skär SNGN 120421 tillverkade enligt Exempel 2 provades i en kontinuerlig svarvningsoperation av gjutjârn SS 0125 med höga krav på slitstyrka (vid en skärhastíghet av 700 mm/min och en matningshastighet av 0,3 m/varv). Den relativa rang- ordningen i livslängd visas i Tabell 3.Example gel 3 Cuts SNGN 120421 manufactured according to Example 2 were tested in a continuous turning operation of cast iron SS 0125 with high demands on wear resistance (at a cutting speed of 700 mm / min and a feed speed of 0.3 m / rev). The relative ranking in life expectancy is shown in Table 3.

Tabell 3 IM 2 3 ¿ ej provad 4 im I Variant Relativ rang- 2 - ordning Resultatet visar att en förbättrad seghetsökning medelst ZrO2-tillsatser leder till en reduktion av slitstyrkan.Table 3 IM 2 3 ¿not tested 4 im I Variant Relative ranking 2 - The result shows that an improved increase in toughness by means of ZrO2 additives leads to a reduction in wear resistance.

Claims (1)

1. 460 600 " s 10 15 20 25 30 35 Ratentkmx l. Ett vhiskerförstårkt keramiskt skârmaterial karak- teriserat av ökat seghetsbeteende inom ett brett område för metallbearbetningstillâmpning samt innehållande en samman- sättning definierad av en grundmassa av aluminiumoxid med upp till 35 vikt-% kiselkarbid-vhiskers homogent fördelade i densamma, där nämnda whiskers har en monokristallin k å n n e t e c k n a t av, att det innehåller minst 5 vikt-% vardera av minst två av följande tre typer av struktur, whisker-enkristaller karakteriserade av följande geometri och storlek: (i) enkristallfibrer med en diameter mindre än 1 um, företrädesvis omkring 0,6 um, och ett lângd/diameter- förhållande av 15-150: ' (ii) enkristallfibrer med en diameter av l-6, företrädes- Avis 3-4 um, och ett lângd/diameterförhàllande av 5-1002 (iii) enkristallskivor med en ekvivalent diameter (hypotetisk diameter hos en cirkel med sama area som skivan) av 5-50 um, företrädesvis omkring 20 um, och ett formförhállande av 5-50, företrädesvis omkring 10-20, där formförhallandet definieras såsom 2” förhållandet mellan (ekvivalent) diameter och _tjocklek. A2. nfhhiskerförstârkt keramiskt material enligt kravet l, k å n n e t e c k n a t ' av, att grundmassan dessutom innehåller 3-20 vikt-1, företrädesvis 5-15 vikt-8, zirkcniumoxid. .ifiiff i1. 460 600 "s 10 15 20 25 30 35 Ratentkmx l. A viscous-reinforced ceramic cutting material characterized by increased toughness behavior within a wide range of metalworking applications and containing a composition defined by an alumina matrix of up to 35% by weight silicon carbide whiskers homogeneously distributed therein, said whiskers having a monocrystalline characterized in that it contains at least 5% by weight each of at least two of the following three types of structure, whisker single crystals characterized by the following geometry and size: single crystal fibers with a diameter of less than 1 μm, preferably about 0.6 μm, and a length / diameter ratio of 15-150: (ii) single crystal fibers with a diameter of 1-6, preferably Avis 3-4 μm, and a length / diameter ratio of 5-1002 (iii) single crystal discs having an equivalent diameter (hypothetical diameter of a circle having the same area as the disc) of 5-50 μm, preferably about 20 μm, and a shape ratio of a 5-50, preferably about 10-20, where the shape ratio is defined as the 2 "ratio between (equivalent) diameter and thickness. A2. nhhisker-reinforced ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that the matrix also contains 3-20 wt-1, preferably 5-15 wt-8, zirconia. .i fi iff i
SE8702391A 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool SE460600B (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8702391A SE460600B (en) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool
EP88850174A EP0295228B1 (en) 1987-06-09 1988-05-19 Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool
DE8888850174T DE3869483D1 (en) 1987-06-09 1988-05-19 CERAMIC CUTTING TOOL REINFORCED WITH WHISKERS.
AT88850174T ATE74116T1 (en) 1987-06-09 1988-05-19 CERAMIC CUTTING TOOL REINFORCED WITH WHISKER.
JP63128588A JPH0791122B2 (en) 1987-06-09 1988-05-27 Toughness-reinforced ceramic material for cutting tools
US07/201,931 US4849381A (en) 1987-06-09 1988-06-03 Ceramic cutting tool with improved toughness behavior
US07/349,094 US4920838A (en) 1987-06-09 1989-05-09 Method of cutting with ceramic cutting tool having improved toughness behavior

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8702391A SE460600B (en) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE8702391D0 SE8702391D0 (en) 1987-06-09
SE8702391L SE8702391L (en) 1988-12-10
SE460600B true SE460600B (en) 1989-10-30

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE8702391A SE460600B (en) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Whisker reinforced ceramic cutting tool

Country Status (1)

Country Link
SE (1) SE460600B (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8702391D0 (en) 1987-06-09
SE8702391L (en) 1988-12-10

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