SE453648B - Hard alloy with refractory binding phase - Google Patents
Hard alloy with refractory binding phaseInfo
- Publication number
- SE453648B SE453648B SE8406461A SE8406461A SE453648B SE 453648 B SE453648 B SE 453648B SE 8406461 A SE8406461 A SE 8406461A SE 8406461 A SE8406461 A SE 8406461A SE 453648 B SE453648 B SE 453648B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- alloy
- extrusion
- forging
- hard alloy
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/10—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on titanium carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
15 20 25 30 35 453 648 1 Problemet är att tillverka detta material, då smälttempera- turen för de ingående komponenterna är mycket hög. De till- verkningsvägar, som hittills tillämpats, är gjutning, sint- a ring och varmisostatisk tryckning. 15 20 25 30 35 453 648 1 The problem is to manufacture this material, as the melting temperature of the constituent components is very high. The production methods that have been applied so far are casting, sintering and thermostatic printing.
Gjutning ger som resultat ett material med grov, upp till 25 /um, primärt utskild titanwolframkarbid. Strukturen beror av vilka fasomvandlingar, som ägt rum under stelnings- förloppet. Porinnehållet, mest gasporer, är högt. Det är svårt att erhålla jämn sammansättning pga segring. Mycket hög gjuttemperatur >2500 OC är nödvändig, vilket gör det svårt att finna sådana material till smältdeglar och kokil- ler, som är kemiskt inerta.Casting results in a material with coarse, up to 25 .mu.m, primarily separated titanium tungsten carbide. The structure depends on which phase transformations have taken place during the solidification process. The pore content, mostly gas pores, is high. It is difficult to obtain an even composition due to victory. Very high casting temperature> 2500 OC is necessary, which makes it difficult to find such materials for crucibles and molds that are chemically inert.
Sintring kräver i likhet med gjutning mycket höga tempera- turer >2000 °C. Det kan därför även vid sintring vara svårt att finna ett sintringsunderlag, som är kemiskt resistent. Ibland tillsätts sintringshjälpmedel, t ex MgO, som föràngas vid de höga temperaturerna.Like casting, sintering requires very high temperatures> 2000 ° C. Therefore, even during sintering, it can be difficult to find a sintering substrate that is chemically resistant. Sometimes sintering aids, such as MgO, are added, which evaporate at the high temperatures.
» Varmisostatisk tryckning (trycksintring) kräver också höga temperaturer, 1500 - 1900 OC, för att ett porfritt mate- rial skall erhållas. De presstryck, som används, ligger pà ca 30 - 40 N/mm2. Trots detta erhålls ofta material med restporositet.»Heat isostatic printing (pressure sintering) also requires high temperatures, 1500 - 1900 OC, in order to obtain a pore-free material. The press pressures used are about 30 - 40 N / mm2. Despite this, materials with residual porosity are often obtained.
Vid varmisostatisk tryckning av pulversnabbstàl används ett presstryck på ca 100 N/mmz. Temperaturen är ca 1100°C.For hot isostatic printing of powder instant steel, a press pressure of approx. 100 N / mmz is used. The temperature is about 1100 ° C.
Under dessa betingelser erhålls en porfri kropp.Under these conditions, a pore-free body is obtained.
Vid extrusion och pulversmide av stållegeringar är det presstryck, som används, betydligt högre ca 1000 - 1500 N/mmz och temperaturen är ca 900 - 1200 OC.For extrusion and powder forging of steel alloys, the press pressure used is significantly higher approx. 1000 - 1500 N / mmz and the temperature is approx. 900 - 1200 OC.
Det har nu överraskande visat sig, att man genom att ut- nyttja det höga hydrostatiska trycket från en konventionell ~ extrusions- eller smidespress kan kompaktera en presskropp av en legering enligt ovan till porfrihet redan vid så mätt- n-\ *._.k...._ n- xxa-...N-u. u. - ^ 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 648 liga temperaturer som ca 1200 OC. Kompaktering vid så låg temperatur erbjuder en möjlighet att framställa legeringar med liten kornstorlek ungefär motsvarande pulvrets partikel- storlek efter malning vanligen <2 /um företrädesvis <1 /um. Eftersom kompakteringen sker i fast fas, sker ingen materialvandring och en helt homogen kropp erhålles. På grund av den låga temperaturen bildas inga eutektiska struk- turbestàndsdelar.It has now surprisingly been found that by utilizing the high hydrostatic pressure from a conventional extrusion or forging press it is possible to compact a compaction body of an alloy as above for pore freedom even at such saturation. ...._ n- xxa -... Nu. u. - ^ 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 648 league temperatures as about 1200 OC. Compaction at such a low temperature offers an opportunity to produce alloys with a small grain size approximately corresponding to the particle size of the powder after grinding, usually <2 / um, preferably <1 / um. Since the compaction takes place in solid phase, no material migration takes place and a completely homogeneous body is obtained. Due to the low temperature, no eutectic structural components are formed.
Vid tillverkning med smältmetallurgisk teknik är valet av legering låst till i stort sett en enda sammansättning av tillverkningsskäl. Om materialet tillverkas från pulver, som kompakteras vid låg temperatur, kan valet av legerings- sammansätting ske fritt. Den pulversammansättning, som öns- kas för att erhålla ett material med vissa egenskaper, blan- das ihop och kompakteras.In manufacturing with molten metallurgical technology, the choice of alloy is locked to largely a single composition for manufacturing reasons. If the material is made from powder, which is compacted at low temperature, the choice of alloy composition can be made freely. The powder composition desired to obtain a material with certain properties is mixed and compacted.
Tillverkning av ämnen till skärplattor kan genom kompakte- ring i en extrusions/smidespress ske på olika sätt beroende på vilken form och dimension på ämnet, som önskas.Manufacture of blanks for cutting plates can be done by compaction in an extrusion / forging press in different ways, depending on the shape and dimension of the blank, which is desired.
A. Pulversmide. Genom pulversmide erhålles en porfri kropp, vars dimensioner bestäms av háldiametern på pressverktygets dyna.A. Powder forging. Powder forging results in a pore-free body, the dimensions of which are determined by the heel diameter of the die of the press tool.
Tillverkningsgång: _ 1. Torrblandning av pulverràvaror. 2. Kallisostatpressning av smidesämne. 3. Uppvärmning till smidestemperatur (ämnet ligger i stål- kapsel). Temperatur ca 12oo °c. i 4. Pulversmidning. 5. Manufakturering.Production process: _ 1. Dry mix of powder raw materials. 2. Callisostat pressing of forging material. Heating to forging temperature (the substance is in a steel capsule). Temperature about 12oo ° c. i 4. Powder forging. 5. Manufacturing.
B. Extrusion. Genom extrusion erhålls en porfri kropp av legeringen i stàngform, vars tvärsnitt bestäms av utform- ningen av extrusionsdynan.B. Extrusion. By extrusion, a pore-free body of the alloy is obtained in the form of a rod, the cross section of which is determined by the design of the extrusion pad.
Tillverkningsgång: 1. Torrblandning av pulverråvaror. 2. Kallisostatpressning av extrusionsämne. 10 15 20 453 648 4 3. Uppvärmning till smidestemperatur (ämnet ligger i stål- kapsel). Temperatur ca 1200 OC. 4. Extrusion. 5. Manufakturering.Manufacturing process: 1. Dry mix of powder raw materials. 2. Callisostat extrusion blank. 10 15 20 453 648 4 3. Heating to forging temperature (the substance is in a steel capsule). Temperature about 1200 OC. 4. Extrusion. 5. Manufacturing.
C. Smidning i extrusions/smidespress av försintrade ämnen.C. Forging in extrusion / forging press of sintered substances.
Plattämnen pressas och försintras. Slutlig kompaktering till porfri kropp sker i extrusions/smidespress. I detta fall kan nästan färdig form på ämnet erhållas.Slabs are pressed and sintered. Final compaction to pore-free body takes place in extrusion / forging press. In this case, almost finished form of the substance can be obtained.
Tillverkníngsgångz 1. Vàtmalning med pressmedel av pulverràvaror. 2. Torkning av det malda pulvret. 3. Pressning av detaljer i pressverktyg. 4. Försintring vid av pressade detaljer. 5. Chargering av försintrade detaljer i stålkapsel. Detal- jerna inpackas i aluminiumoxid, kalciumoxid eller bornitrid som fungerar som tryckmedium. 6. Uppvärmning till smidestemperatur ca 1200 OC. 7.'Smidning. 8. Slutlig manufakturering. 10 15 25 30 35 5 453 648 Exempel En pulverblandning med sammansättningen 76 vikt% W, 22 vikta; (Ti,w)c, 1 'vikta zrc och 1 vikta Mo blandades till- sammans med etanol och polyetylenglykol och maldes under 240 timmar. Efter malningen avlägsnades malvätskan. Av det torkade pulvret pressades ämnen till skärplattor med måtten 22x22xS mm. Dessa försintrades vid 1520°C varvid press- medlet avgick och de malda kornen sintrade samman till en kropp med öppen porositet. De försintrade ämnena packades tillsammans med kalciumoxid i en stålkapsel, som evakuera- des och tillslöts. Stålkapseln med innehåll värmdes till 1250 OC under 2 timmar, varvid den utsattes för ett hydro- statiskt tryck pà 1200 N/mmz. Kalciumoxiden verkade under tryckningen som trycköverförande medium, så att de försint- rade ämnena pressades samman likformigt till en porfri kropp. Efter svalning i luft frigjordes de pressade ämnena från kalciumoxiden genom att kalciumoxiden löstes upp i Vatten.Manufacturing process 1. Wet grinding with powdered raw materials. 2. Drying of the ground powder. Pressing of details in press tools. 4. Pre-sintering of pressed parts. 5. Charging of sintered parts in steel capsule. The parts are wrapped in alumina, calcium oxide or boron nitride which acts as a pressure medium. 6. Heating to forging temperature approx. 1200 OC. 7. 'Forging. 8. Final manufacturing. 10 15 25 30 35 5 453 648 Example A powder mixture with the composition 76 wt% W, 22 wt; (Ti, w) c, 1 'weight zrc and 1 weight Mo were mixed together with ethanol and polyethylene glycol and ground for 240 hours. After grinding, the grinding fluid was removed. From the dried powder, blanks were pressed into cutting plates with the dimensions 22x22xS mm. These were pre-sintered at 1520 ° C whereupon the pressing agent evaporated and the ground grains sintered together into a body with open porosity. The sintered substances were packed together with calcium oxide in a steel capsule, which was evacuated and sealed. The steel capsule with contents was heated to 1250 ° C for 2 hours, whereupon it was subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 1200 N / mm 2. During printing, the calcium oxide acted as a pressure-transmitting medium, so that the pre-sintered substances were compressed uniformly into a pore-free body. After cooling in air, the compressed substances were released from the calcium oxide by dissolving the calcium oxide in Water.
Efter slipning av skäreggar har det smidda materialet an- vänts som skärverktyg med följande skärdata: Skärhastighet: 26 m/min Skärdjup: upp till 22 mm Matning: 1.5 mm/varv Arbetsmaterial: Gjuten stålvals Som jämförelsematerial användes hárdmetall för ISO P10 om- rådet. Vid det jämförande provet erhölls för det smidda materialet en livslängd hos skäreggen, som överraskande nog blev fem gånger högre än den för hárdmetall för ISO P10 dvs den genomsnittliga längden, som kunde svarvas, var fem gånger längre vid användning av det smidda materialet.After grinding cutting edges, the forged material has been used as a cutting tool with the following cutting data: Cutting speed: 26 m / min Cutting depth: up to 22 mm Feed: 1.5 mm / revolution Working material: Cast steel roll Carbide was used as a comparison material for the ISO P10 area. In the comparative test, the forged material was obtained for a life of the cutting edge, which surprisingly became five times higher than that of cemented carbide for ISO P10, ie the average length that could be turned was five times longer when using the forged material.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8406461A SE453648B (en) | 1984-12-19 | 1984-12-19 | Hard alloy with refractory binding phase |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8406461A SE453648B (en) | 1984-12-19 | 1984-12-19 | Hard alloy with refractory binding phase |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE8406461D0 SE8406461D0 (en) | 1984-12-19 |
| SE8406461L SE8406461L (en) | 1986-06-20 |
| SE453648B true SE453648B (en) | 1988-02-22 |
Family
ID=20358228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8406461A SE453648B (en) | 1984-12-19 | 1984-12-19 | Hard alloy with refractory binding phase |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SE (1) | SE453648B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE525898C2 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2005-05-24 | Sandvik Ab | Cutting based on WC with a binder phase of tungsten, ways of making the cutter and using it |
-
1984
- 1984-12-19 SE SE8406461A patent/SE453648B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE8406461L (en) | 1986-06-20 |
| SE8406461D0 (en) | 1984-12-19 |
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