SE450526B - Missile with thermoelectric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The missile has a thermoelectric generator applying an ignition voltage to a circuit in it. The generator is situated at a point where there is a temperature gradient during the acceleration stage of the missile, typically as caused by air friction in flight. It can be accommodated in the nose, and the thermocouples can be arranged in a star pattern in a plane perpendicular to the lengthwise axis of the missile. At the junction between the nose and the main body, they can extend through a cylindrical body of non-heat-conductive material round a heat-absorber.

Description

450 526 generator voltage.

According to the above-mentioned publication, it has further been provided to provide a switching device which, directly connected in parallel with the accumulator capacitor, for starting the functional phase of the accumulator capacitor charging, blocks the switching function to avoid undefined output state of the coupling. the voltage reduction and stabilization coupling formed between the accumulator capacitor and the load begins to work as a result of a sufficiently increasing supply voltage. In addition, it has been ensured that at the end of the grenade's flight time, when the grenade was ignited in the target or for self-destruction, connect the ignition circuit (not via the voltage, reduction and stabilization coupling connected before the constant load, but) directly to the accumulator capacitor, so that its accumulated residual energy is emitted directly via the igniter. Such ignition circuits use only short-term energy, whereby they differ in principle from electronic couplings which during flight present a permanently charged load - whereas the largest mechanical energies that can be converted into electrical energy are available due to the acceleration of the grenade during firing and at hit in the target, ie not directly during the entire flight of the grenade. From DE-B-16 38 178 it is known to supply from a battery a charging capacitor for storing the electrical energy for tripping an electric igniter while interconnecting a multivibrator - voltage converter; with the characteristic that the multivibrator is only switched on, and thus loads in the battery, only when the operating voltage of the ignition device at the charging capacitor has dropped to a lower given limit value.

When the battery voltage itself has fallen below a critical limit value, an emergency release of the ignition device takes place via an additional voltage transformation connection.

SE-B-389 192 finally, relates to a thermogenerator for grenades already known as such.

The object of the present invention is to proceed on the basis of the features stated in the preamble of claim 1, continuous supply of the load was sold, that the dimensions of the generator can not be deduced from the fact that even at the end of the grenade escape the pole or clamping voltage required for coupling the load . For this purpose, the invention also presents the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.

In this case, part of the energy obtained from the generator is utilized to begin with during the flight of the grenade, while the terminal voltage of the generator has exceeded the voltage value necessary for the function and continues to rise, for charging the accumulator capacitor in parallel with supplying the load. The energy thus stored in the capacitor when reducing the terminal voltage is then used to supply the load only when the generator terminal voltage again falls below the required value for continuous operation of the load; when feeding the load only via the generator, the load would now cease to function, but due to the previously temporarily stored and now available energy, a third feed phase supplied by the accumulator capacitor can be initiated, and the load operating time is extended correspondingly without major generator design. During this third feed phase for the load, the generator thus no longer needs to contribute to the measurement of the load; for the further operation of the load, it is thus irrelevant that its clamping voltage has already fallen below the function-required value. This allows the construction of a simple generator of small size, since the generator can then be designed so that even before the end of the grenade's escape and thus before the load's power absorption ceases, it can fall below the load's functionally necessary voltage value.

A suitable device for carrying out the above is stated in claim 2.

The use of semiconductor diodes to guarantee specific connection paths for charging and discharging during charging and discharging of an accumulator capacitor is known per se.

It is also known to design, in connection with the supply of coupling parts via an accumulator capacitor, independent switching devices, which, depending on the achievement of certain instantaneous voltage values at certain switching points, effect switching processes on or in the load.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a grenade for longer flight distances with attached sleeve before firing and in arranging its thermoelectric generator in the grenade tip; Figure 2 shows in principle the supply of a coupling part in the grenade coupling device in a thermoelectric generator built up of thermocouples according to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a modification of Figure 1 and shows the design of the generator in the area of the transition between the grenade tip and the cylindrical grenade part; Figure 4 is a section along the line IV - IV in Figure 3; Figure 5 shows a generator design in the rear part of the grenade behind the lead ring; Figure 6 shows an alternative generator design for a grenade with a nail tip; Figure 7 shows in connection with Figure 5 a generator for a grenade which must be ready to ignite already in the so-called inner camp zones; Figure 8 is a section along the line VIII - VIII in Figure 7; Fig. 9 is an alternative to Fig. 2 and shows a coupling device for a thermogenerator according to Fig. 7 / Fig. 8, which also takes over safety functions, which feeds the coupling device in the weapon tube during the grenade firing; Figure 10 shows a typical power curve for a thermogenerator according to Figure 9; Figure 11 is a supply connection; and H Figures 12 and 13 are exemplary embodiments of a controlled connection in the supply connection according to Figure 11.

Figure 1 shows with a side view partly in section, a grenade with sleeve 2 for a cardus propellant charge 3. In the rear part of the cylinder shell 4 the grenade is surrounded by a guide ring 5, which due to interaction with the drawbar in the inner shell surface of a gun barrel (not shown) applies to the fired grenade the rotation required for directional stability.

Behind the guide ring 5, at least one circumferentially extending guide groove 6 is formed in the cylinder shell 4 of the grenade 1, which functions as a shape- and force-resistant anchoring of the front part of the sleeve 2 to the grenade 1, as in the example shown. gun barrel projectile; in other cases, the projectile is designed in two parts in a grenade 1 and a sleeve 2 without the mutual anchoring shown.

The interior of the grenade 1 essentially has a payload space 7 for preferably detonators and explosives. In the front conically tapered portion of the grenade 1, a coupling device is arranged, which functions especially for ready mode and conversions of electrical energy for processing signals from sensors for determining ignition timing and ignition. To recover this electrical energy, a thermal generator 9 is arranged in the area of the tip of the grenade 10. In front of the generator 9, heat-resistant, good heat-conducting reinforcement material 11 can be arranged, in which for example also sensors for the ignition trigger can be placed. Behind the generator 9 seen in the direction of flight of the grenade and along its longitudinal axis 22, a heat sink 12 with a large heat capacity is arranged. This may be a container of poorly thermally conductive material, which container is filled with a liquid, e.g. Distilled water.

After the firing of the grenade, when it has been separated from the sleeve * 2 and left the weapon tube, it occurs due to the air resistance in free flight a heat dam in front of the tip of the grenade 10, which is transferred to the reinforcing material 11 on the hot side 13 of the generator 9 (cf. figure 2), the heat sink 12 abutting against the cold side 14.

The generator 9 itself consists essentially of a compressed mass of heat-resistant, by poor heat conduction temperature trap via the generator 9 as far as possible maintaining material (for example, commercial, curable castings), in which embedded element pairs 16 for conversion are embedded. of the temperature trap (between the hot and cold sides 13 and 14, respectively) according to the Pettir or Seebek effect to an electrical voltage.The generator element pairs 16 are, at least partially, as shown in Figure 2, connected in series to be able to sense the thermal voltage between two output connections 17 .

This thermal voltage can drive the components of the electrical coupling device 8 during intermediate connection of a voltage duplicator 47 which can already be activated at small pulse voltages or is delivered directly to the coupling parts 18. In order for these coupling parts, e.g. coupled operational amplifiers can cope with small driving voltages, it is expedient to equip the series coupling of the element pair 16 with a center sensor 19, which is connected to the reference potential - connection 20 - for the coupling parts 18, which require a bipolar voltage supply.

The amount of heat penetrating from the tip 10 or the reinforcement material 11 through the generator 9 is absorbed by the heat sink 12, so that during operation of this thermal generator 9 whose cold side 14 is not appreciably heated, i.e. the temperature trap for obtaining the thermal voltage is mainly maintained constant. It is particularly suitable to design the element pairs 16 arranged in the compressed materials 15 of the generator 9 as Pettier elements, as these have a particularly high heat transfer resistance and which thereby delay the heating of the thermal depression 12 which acts as a thermal counterweight, which allows installation of a space-saving small heat sink. In addition, Pettier elements allow the construction of small space-demanding element pairs 16, which already at temperature differences of about 150 ° C allow the achievement of an idle voltage of the order of 0.5 V. A critical overheating of the Pettier elements is constructively easy to avoid. on the one hand the reinforcing material 11 in the grenade tip 10 is chosen with this in mind and in addition the extent of the element pair 16 in the generator 9 does not come close to the wall portions of the grenade and in their vicinity the generator 9 is surrounded by a thermal shield 21.

In the compressing material 15, the element pairs 16 can be arranged in a spiral or circular format. Since, in order to increase the available output of the generator 9, individual series connections are connected in groups in parallel, it is expedient for functionally safe electrical connection 7 to group the element pairs 16 between them in a corresponding manner.

If the coupling parts 18 according to Figure 2 are not supplied directly from the generator 9 but via a voltage duplicator 47, it is sufficient for relatively small element pairs 16 if the duplicator 47 consists of silicon-based semiconductor elements, since the same when exceeding a certain lower generator output voltage (normally 0.6 V) begins to swing almost strikingly, ie generates the supply voltage for the coupling parts 18.

In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1, in the embodiment according to Figure 3 the thermal generator 9 'is no longer parallel to the temperature gradient, but oriented perpendicular to the direction of flight and the longitudinal axis 22 of the grenade 1. The element pairs 16 are now (cf. Figure 4) radial , ie star-shaped in the compressed material, which as generator ring 23 concentrically surrounds the heat sink 12, which in turn may consist of a container, preferably of electrically insulating material, with a filling with a high heat capacity, e.g. a fluid filling. The cold connection points 14 of the element pair 16 are in heat communication with the heat sink 12, while the hot connection points 13, insulated relative to each other, lie immediately below the grenade wall 24 or project into recesses 25 in the grenade wall, as shown in Figure 5, for better thermal connection with the surrounding air casing.

The annular generator 9 'according to Figure 3 / Figure 4 can have star-shaped devices of element pairs 16 in several parallel planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 22 of the grenade. This annular generator 9' is built into the transition area 26 between the grenade tip 10 and the cylinder shell 4 of the grenade, i.e. in an area in which, 450 526 upon free flight after firing of the grenade 1 a heat dam occurs due to the flow conditions, whereby the greatest heating relative to the almost constant temperature of the heat sink is obtained. This temperature in the transition area amounts to approx. 600 ° C. The thermal properties of the compressed material 15 as well as the heat sink 12 are adjusted so that the flight time of the grenade 1 compensates for 6-7 seconds, within which time the temperature trap must not be built up substantially from the generator's hot side 13 u to its cold side 14, so that even at the end of the flight time. and as far as possible without having to store electrical energy, have the required driving voltage for the switching device 8 available immediately as the terminal voltage of the thermal generator '' or via the intermediate voltage duplicator 47.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 3 / Figure 4, the generator 9 'is passed through by a detonator 27, which on one side is connected to the ignition coupling parts of the coupling device 8 and on the other side projects into the payload space 7 to ignite the charge therein at a specified time. . In the tip 10, according to Figure 3, a further stop release device 28 is arranged in front of the coupling device 8, which is in functional connection with the detonator 27 via parts of the coupling device; instead of this or in addition, sensors for the function of the grenade can also be arranged in this front portion, which are not present in the area of the coupling device 8.

The generator structure according to Figure 4 with the device according to Figure 3 (or according to Figure 5) is particularly suitable for known thermocouples with paired material compositions and which have a smaller thermoelectric capacity, such as Pettier elements, but which can therefore operate at higher temperatures; thus, protective measures against thermal destruction of the generator 9 are superfluous and in addition the maximum heat of friction in the vicinity of the grenade 1 can be used immediately and with cheap materials for thermoelectric energy generation.

A corresponding realization of the generator 9 'according to Figure 4 as ring 23, is shown in Figure 5. Here the generator 9 "is arranged in the area of the rear end of the grenade, ie for example in the guide groove portion 6 and in each case behind the lead ring 5. The generator ring 23' However, it does not surround a heat sink 12 but a heat accumulator 29, for example a block of scam-like material, In this solution variant the frictional heat of the ambient air at the grenade wall 24 is not used for thermal voltage generation, but in the draft from .._ g .__ ...._.__.... f H _ _.. _..-.... ...,. _,. ................. _-..._..__...._ ~ ._. _... 450 526 the firing of the grenade from the barrel, from the cardiac propellant charge 3 (cf. figure 1) to the heat accumulator 29 transferred heat energy from the propellants, which energy is released behind the guide ring 5 to the grenade 1 expelled from the sleeve 2 (cf. figure 1).

In contrast to the conditions according to Figure 4, at the generator ring 23 'according to Figure 5 only the cold sides 14 of the element pair 16 lie outwards, i.e. on the periphery of the cylinder shell 4 behind the line ring 5; while their hot sides (not shown in Figure 5) are in heat communication with the heat accumulator 29. As long as the grenade 1 is advanced in the weapon tube, the hot propellants immediately hit the outer periphery of the generator ring 23 ', but the inner connection point of the element pair only via the intermediate heat accumulator 29 .

During this firing period, the external connection points 14 of the element pairs are thus exposed to an equal or even greater heating than the internal ones, i.e. that at the outputs 17 "of the thermal generator 9" during the firing no thermal voltage or a thermal voltage arises yet, with relatively then later operating conditions reversed polarity. At least in the case of building elements with polar drive ratio at the coupling parts 18 and, if applicable, at coupled voltage duplicator 47 (i Figure 2, expressed by the dashed line of the connected driving voltage guide conductor 30), an activation does not yet take place during the critical period of time during which the grenade 1 moves forward through the weapon tube.After leaving the weapon tube, ie in free flight, air vortices appear behind the conduit 5, which allow cooling of the cylindrical jacket portion lying there and thus of the cold side 14 of the generator 9 ". On the other hand, the heat accumulator 29 heated in the tube now gives off its heat only to the element hot pairs' internal hot connection points, and is obtained (in contrast to the conditions according to Figure 3). temperature trap only from the inside out, ie that we d the 9 "outputs of the generator generate a thermal voltage with a polarity corresponding to the transmission polarity of the guide conductor 30 (cf. figure 2). Since there is practically a vacuum on the back of the grenade 1 during free flight, practically no heat loss from the heat accumulator 29 occurs here during the generator's 9 'short operating time (namely during the free flight of the grenade to the detonation).

For rapid introduction of the heat of the propellants into the accumulator 29 with a simultaneous guarantee of a relatively desirable heat profile in the accumulator 29 in the element pair, it may be expedient, as shown in Figure 5, to insert heating joints 32 in the form of rods 9 4soi52ë and / or plates, in any case with step-shaped deep recesses, in the heat accumulator, the free or even protruding ends from the back of the grenade 31 are immediately hit by the propellant heat and allow a more directional and faster heat conduction in the area of the generator ring 23 ”than through the material itself in the accumulator 29.

Especially when designing the generators 9, 9 "and 9", respectively, as a ring 23 and 23 ', respectively, it is expedient to produce the same as an independent building part which, for supplementing the grenade 1, is inserted into its inner space, or, in the case of a multi-part grenade. , is screwed on or otherwise inserted in a force and / or form manner between the grenade parts.

A modified generator structure is shown in Figure 6 for a grenade with a pronounced shoulder 33 behind a nail tip 34. Here, no special measures are required for training a heat sink or ready position of a heat accumulator; then p.g.a. locally highly concentrated high heating of the shoulder 33 and the immediately adjacent end of the nail tip 34, at the free flight of the grenade 1 an immediate heat trap sufficient for the activation of the generator 9 "'occurs in the longitudinal direction of the nail tip 34. For required voltage there is a generator winding 35 , namely a banner of commercial thermocouples in foil form, the warm sides 13 of which are oriented towards the shoulder 33. Furthermore, as shown in the drawing, this element foil 36 is suitably arranged in a groove 37 in the outside of the nail tip 34, in order to minimize This winding design by means of a thermocouple device in foil form makes it possible to arrange element pairs in a very large number in the smallest possible space, ie to obtain a high generator operating voltage.

Especially the exemplary embodiments according to Figures 1 - 4 and Figure 6 but also the example according to Figure 5 are suitable for grenades with a comparatively large, up to a few hundred meters, tactical range, and with a corresponding time in free flight after leaving the weapon tube in the order of 1.5 sec . and more. The generator structure and assembly described in Figures 1 - 4 and Figure 6 are optimally suited for long-term supply, i.e. as it does not arrive at the most limited dead zone between the leaving of the gun barrel and the firing light. On the other hand, there is fast flowing, for the so-called internal combat zone intended grenades, such as. after only 0.1 sec. in free flight and within a range of 50 ... 100m, must present the required ignition energy for a detonation. 450 526, 10 7 For such modified operations, it is convenient to change the use of a generator according to Figure 5 so that while maintaining the original, e.g. the mechanical safety measures during the operation of the grenade through the weapon tube, already the heat effect of the thermogenerator in the weapon tube through the hot propellants from the cardus is used for energy supply of the coupling device arranged in the grenade, so that one does not first receive a after firing over the grenade, a heat trap appears to start the clutch supply.

A preferred embodiment of Figure 5, taking into account Figure 1, is shown in Figure 7. The thermogenerator 9 "" is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis 22 of the grenade, and arranged in the rear portion of the grenade approximately between its guide ring 5 and against the cardus propellant charge 3 (see Figure 1) facing back 31. Against the immediate destructive effect of the hot propellant powder gases during the firing of the grenade into the gun barrel (not shown), behind the hot side 13 of the thermocouple pair 16 a thermal protective layer 38 of heat-resistant and electrically insulating material is arranged. The cold sides 14 of the thermocouple pairs 16 are oriented towards the payload 7 of the grenade 1 and abut against a heat sink 12, as these can utilize the metallic mass of a mechanical safety device arranged in such grenades in any case (eg a clock plate or an ignition power chain out pivotable partition plate between detonator and transfer charge; not shown in more detail in the drawing).

For good space utilization for high thermoelectric efficiency of the generator 9 "", the thermocouple pairs 16, as shown in Figure 8, are suitably grouped helically relative to a cylinder, with commercial, temperature-resistant casting ceramics as mold-retaining, compressed material 15 (t .ex.

KAGER alumina ceramic), which is then cured while holding the thermocouple pairs 16. Instead of building this helical generator 9 "" of individual element pairs 16, an element foil 36 can also be used here, which is applied as a liner in the compressed material (see Figure 8) or as a tighter winding in the rear end of the grenade.

As already stated in connection with Figure 2, a sudden reduction of the temperature application occurs at the rear side 31 of the grenade when the hot combustion gases of the propellant charge 3 during axial separation of the propellant charge sleeve 2 project the grenade 1 from the weapon tube. Figure ,, u 450 szß 9 is an example of how the corresponding course of the generator output voltage can be utilized as sensor information for the firing from the pipe and thus - in addition to the pipe-bound mechanical - as an additional safety device. For operation or at least contingency even before the grenade 1 leaves the barrel, the switching device 8 'according to Figure 9 is activated by the thermal voltage as operating voltage either directly or via a pre-connected voltage duplicator according to Figure 2, which voltage is supplied by the generator 9 "" due to activation by the hot propellant gases. Immediately after the grenade 1 exits the weapon tube, the heat application on the back of the grenade 31 (cf. Figure 7) and thus the output voltage supplied by the generator 9 "" drops sharply, which via a polarity discriminator 39 - e.g. in the form of a series connection of a differential link 40 and a 7 diode 41 permeably coupled for the corresponding differential voltage pulse - is converted into a control signal at a sharp input 42 to the redan operation ready coupling device 8 '. The sharpening input 42 is connected after the setting input 43 to a tipping switch 44, which is prepared as a result of the operational readiness of the coupling device 8 'and when setting the sharpening input transmits a release information to a ignition device (not shown, eg electronic or electromechanical).

Ifall p.g.a. the thermal conditions in the area of the rear end of the grenade 1 after exiting the weapon tube, a reversal of the hot-cold application of the thermocouple pair 16 and thus a repolarization of the output voltage of the generator 9 "" occurs, it is suitable that the generator is supplied with the coupling device 8 ' via a rectifier bridge 45, so that the supply polarity is maintained. A post-coupled accumulator capacitor 46 may be suitable for keeping an uninterrupted operating voltage available to the switching device 8 'during the polarity reversal of the generator output voltage, i.e. during the passage of the generator dead area immediately in front of the weapon barrel opening. If several generators 9 are formed in different parts of the grenade 1, the coupling device 8 'can be fed in parallel by these, so that the same is already in operation during longer firing of the grenade and after a very short muzzle death range thereafter also for longer flight times.

The annular or perforated or hollow cylindrical or cylindrical construction of the generator 9 shown is particularly expedient, as it is easy to manufacture separately and can be installed in the manufacture of the grenade or the equipment or even only in the insecurity of the grenade.

The further design of a coupling device for grenade generators described in connection with Figure 10 is particularly suitable for activation already in the weapon barrel, but is also advantageous for generator activation during free flight; both in rotational activation and in the use of piezo converters for generating electrical energy by means of pressure or acceleration; however, especially during thermal activation of the generator.

A supply connection comprises a thermogenerator 101, which utilizes the temperature difference between a heat source and a heat sink. In the case of a grenade, the power delivery takes place according to the curve shown in Figure 10. After the grenade is fired, the stated power rises steeply to a time t2 and then falls gradually. From a time t1 to a time t3, the output power is greater than the power PL required for driving a load 102. Between times t1 and t3, a surplus effect PU is thus available.

An ordinary voltage converter 103 is connected to the thermogenerator 101. This operates with a primary winding W1, a secondary winding W2 and a control winding W3. In line with the primary winding W1 is the collector-emitter distance of a transistor T1, the base of the transistor being connected via the control winding W3 to a voltage divider consisting of resistors R1 and R2. A capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the resistor R2. In the secondary circuit is a rectifier diode D1 and a filter capacitor C2, cf. figure 11. across the output A and B of the converter 103 there is a voltage, the course of which substantially corresponds to the course of the effect (cf. figure 10).

The load 102 is connected to the output A and B oâ the converter 103 via a diode D2, which is in practice an electronic connection. In addition, at the outputs A and B, an accumulator device consisting of e.g. an accumulator capacitor C3 and a charging resistor R3. Parallel to capacitor C3 is a Zener diode Z, which protects the connection against overvoltages. Between the voltage pole of the capacitor C3 and the load 102, an electronic coupling 104 is connected, which is controlled by the output voltage at output A. The coupling 104 comprises a control coupling 105 and the actual coupling element 106.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 12, the coupling element 106 v: 450 E26 13 is formed by a pnp transistor T3 in base coupling. The control circuit 105 has two npn transistors T3 and T4 in the emitter circuit. The base of the transistor T3 is located behind the diode D2 at the output voltage. At its collector, the base of the transistor T4 of the transistor T4 is connected via a parallel connection of a resistor R4 and a capacitor C4. On the base of the transistor T4 there is also a base resistor R5. The emitter of the transistors T3, T4 is located via a resistor R6 at the zero point B of the connection. The base of the transistor T2 is connected to the collector of the transistor T4. The collector resistors of the transistors T3 and T4 are denoted by R7 and R8.

In order to reduce the current consumption of the control connection 105, field effect transistors can be arranged instead of the npn transistors T3, T4.

A relatively simplified embodiment of the coupling 104 is shown in Figure 13. Instead of the transistor T2, a thyristor is inserted, the control electrode of which is connected in parallel to the accumulator capacitor C3 at a voltage divider of resistors R9 and R10.

The mode of operation of the described supply connection is approximately as follows: The output voltage of the converter 103 rises steeply to the instant t2. Until then, the accumulator capacitor C3 is charged via the diode D3 and the resistor R3. At the same time, the load 102 is driven via the diode D2.

Transistor T2 and thyristor Th, respectively, are blocked.

From the instant t2, the output voltage of the converter 103 drops. The load 102 is further driven via the diode D2. The diode D3 prevents discharging of the capacitor C3, which thus maintains its charging state reached at the time t2. The transistor T2 and the thyristor Th, respectively, are still blocked. After a given time, at the instant t3 an output voltage is reached, which is no longer sufficient to drive the load 102. The transistor T2 and the thyristor Th, respectively, are now switched on. In the connection according to Figure 12, this is done by the transistor T3 p.g.a. the lowered output voltage at the base and the charging voltage of the capacitor C3 at the collector are blocked so that the transistor T4 becomes conductive. At the coupling according to Fig. 13, the thyristor Th was lit at the time t3.

From time t3, the accumulator capacitor C3 is connected to the load 102 via the transistor T2 or the thyristor Th. This is now supplied by the capacitor C3 independently of the small, still occurring output voltage from the converter 103. Only when the capacitor C3 is discharged is operation of the load 102 no longer possible (cf. 14 'in Figure 10).

Claims (8)

450 526 14 The operating time of the load 102 in addition to the time t3 is thereby extended so that from an earlier point in time when excess power is available, this accumulates and only after a decrease in the instantaneous generator power to an insufficient value is delivered to the load. To avoid a voltage break in the load 102 at time 13, the coupling 104 is preferably set so that the coupling element 106 is switched through when the output voltage of the converter is still just enough for the operation of the load. The coupling elements T3, T4, R7 and R8 and R9 and R10, respectively, lead to a certain current consumption which must be covered by the accumulator capacitor C3. Therefore, field effect transistors are suitably used and the resistors are arranged with the highest possible ohmic number. The diode D2 prevents the capacitor C3 from being discharged via the converter 103 after the connection of the coupling 106. A method for permanently feeding a load into a grenade during its flight, the grenade having a generator which generates a voltage which first rises to a value greater than that required to drive the load and thereby charges an accumulator capacitor, and which then, with connection of the load to the accumulator capacitor in dependence on a predetermined value of the voltage momentarily emitted by the generator, it is characterized in that a thermoelectric generator (1) is used as generator, from which, when the generator voltage (UA_B) exceeds that of the load (2) operation required, the value and continues to rise, the load is supplied in parallel with the charging of the accumulator capacitor (C3), after which, when the generator voltage (UArB) falls but is still above the value required for the operation of the load, only the load is supplied, "while finally the load is instead fed by the accumulator capacitor, then genes the ator voltage (UA_B) again falls below the value required for the operation of the load. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, for permanently supplying a load in a grenade during this flight, the grenade having a generator, characterized in that a supply connection for a permanently supplied load (102) is connected via a voltage converter (103). after the generator (101) which delivers an output which during a first load-feed phase rises to a maximum and during a second subsequent load-feed phase decreases, whereby during the first and second feed-phases the output is greater than that required for drive the load, that the load (102) and an RC charging circuit (R3, C3) with an accumulator capacitor (C3) are connected in parallel to the converter output (A, B) so that during the first supply phase (t1- t2) the load charges the accumulator capacitor, that a diode (D31 is connected to the RC charging circuit (R3, C3) and prevents a discharge of the capacitor (C3) during the second supply phase (t2-t3), and that between the accumulator capacitor (C3) and the load (102) is connected an output voltage controlled circuit of the converter (103) (104; T2; Th1, which during the first and second supply phases (t1-t3) is blocked and switched on as soon as the output voltage of the converter reaches an insufficient value for the operation of the load, whereby in a connecting third supply phase (t3-t4) the load is supplied by the capacitor (C3) via the connection (104; T2; Th). Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the load (102) is connected before a diode (D2), which in the third supply phase (t3-t4) prevents a discharge of the capacitor (C3) to the voltage converter (103). I I _ Device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the coupling is formed by a thyristor (Th), the control electrode of which when sensing a voltage divider (R9, R10) is connected in parallel with the accumulator capacitor (C3). Device according to one of Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the coupling (104-106) has a coupling transistor (T2) which is controlled by a tipping coupling (T2, T3) which is connected to the converter ( 103) output voltage and to the accumulator capacitor (C3). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generator (9 "") is connected to a polarity discriminator (39), which is connected to a sharp input (42) to the coupling device (8). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generator (9) is connected to a voltage duplicator (47). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generator (9) is arranged as a pre-formed component in the interior of the grenade or between the grenade parts.