SE204258C1

SE204258C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE204258C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1965-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: M H Chivers, B R Sawyer och N T Brint Prioritet begtird freuz den 9 februart 1961 (Storbritcuznien) Uppfinningen avser en rekylhamningsmekanism for kulsprutor. Inventors: M H Chivers, B R Sawyer and N T Hydrogen Priority Begtird freuz 9 February 1961 (Great Britain) The invention relates to a recoil hammering mechanism.

Buffertupphangningsanordningar for kulsprutor aro kanda, vilka iiro avsedda for en viss typ av vapen med ndra oforanderlig eldhastighet. Dylika buffertanordningar innefatta ett enkelt system med ej Uhl:had massa och ge basta resultat endast mom ett begransat eldhastighetsomrade, for vilket mekanismens karakteristika Oro avpassade. Den onskade noggrannheten kunde daremot icke uppratthdllas Over hela det eldhastighetsomrade, som kan taekas med nuvarande kulsprutor. Vid shdana buffertsystem kommer dessutom det forsta skottet i en eldskur att vid obelastad buffert gä lhgre an de &riga skotten i skuren, vilka avfyras med belastad buffert. Buffer suspension devices for machine guns are known, which are intended for a certain type of weapon with a different invariant rate of fire. Such buffer devices comprise a simple system with non-Uhl: had pulp and give best results only in a limited range of fire velocities, for which the characteristics of the mechanism were adapted. However, the desired accuracy could not be maintained over the entire range of fire velocities that can be taken with current machine guns. In the case of such buffer systems, the first shot in a burst of fire will, in the case of an unloaded buffer, be lower than the other shots in the burst, which are fired with a loaded buffer.

For att uppna god noggrannhet over eldhastighetsomrAden, som kunna strhcka sig frau. 500 till 1000 skott i minuten, liar det blivit nodvdndigt att Astadkomma betydligt smidigare rekylhamningsanordningar. To achieve good accuracy over the fire speed ranges, which can stretch frau. 500 to 1000 shots per minute, it has become necessary to provide much more flexible recoil hammering devices.

Uppfilmingen avser en rekylhdmningsanordning, som Or avsedd att anbringas mellan kulsprutan och dess lavett och i vilken tva relativt varandra rorliga organ Oro forbundna med varandra genom en pneumatisk dampningscylindermekanism, varvid vid obelastat system dessa hada delar lianas i ett jamviktslage av varandra motsatta fjadrar. The filming relates to a recoil damping device, which Or is intended to be placed between the machine gun and its barrel and in which two relatively movable members are connected to each other by a pneumatic steam cylinder mechanism, in unloaded systems these parts are lined in an equilibrium stroke of opposite springs.

Det obelastade tillstand av mekanismen Or det, som uppstar, nd_r kulsprutan Or i normalt vilolage relativt lavetten. The unloaded state of the mechanism Or that which arises, nd_r the machine gun Or in normal rest position relative to the lavette.

Olika anordningar med fjhdrar och dampningscylinder kunna anvandas mom ramen for foreliggande uppfinning. De relativt var- kl. 72 c: 8/04 andra rorliga delarna kunna utgora integrerande delar av eller vara forbundna med vapnet respektive lavetten. Various devices with springs and a steam cylinder can be used within the scope of the present invention. The relatively var- kl. 72 c: 8/04 the other movable parts can form integral parts of or be connected to the weapon and the barrel, respectively.

Enligt en ldmplig utforingsform av uppfinningen innefattar rekylhamningsanordningen minst en dampningsanordning bestaende dels av en dampningscylinder och en kolvstang, vilka Oro forbundna med vapnet respektive med lavetten, varvid kolvstangen strdcker sig utanf8r hada andarna av cylindern och Or fOrskjutbart styrd i p0 avstand frail varandra anordnade, i huvudsak lufttata bussningar, som Oro infasta i cylindern, dels av en kolv, som Or fast ph stangen mellan bussningarna, och dels av en smal lackagekanal maim kolyens hada sidor, varigenom stangen och cylindern bilda en pneumatisk dampningscylindermekanism. Inuti cylindern finns tvh fjadrar, en ph vardera sidan om kolven, vilka fj ddrar vid obelastad mekanism dro under tryck inspanda mellan kolven och den ena resp. den andra av bussningarna, sh att fjadrarna kvarhalla stangen i ett jamviktslage relativt cylindern. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the recoil hammering device comprises at least one steaming device consisting partly of a steaming cylinder and a piston rod, which Oro are connected to the weapon and to the carriage, respectively, the piston rod extending beyond the spirals of the cylinder and mainly air-tight bushings, such as Oro fixed in the cylinder, partly by a piston, which Or fixed ph the rod between the bushings, and partly by a narrow lacquer channel maim kolyens hada sides, whereby the rod and the cylinder form a pneumatic steaming cylinder mechanism. Inside the cylinder there are two springs, one ph each side of the piston, which springs under unloaded mechanism pulled under pressure clamp between the piston and one resp. the other of the bushings, sh that the springs retain the rod in a balance stroke relative to the cylinder.

Det har visat sig, att ytterligare fordelar kunna vinnas genom att Ora kolven spiv elastisk. It has been found that further advantages can be gained by making the Ora piston spike elastic.

En utfOringsform av rekylhdmningsanordningen enligt uppfinningen visas p0 bifogade ritningar i tilldmpning pi en kulspruta, som uppbares av en tripodlavett. Fig. 1 Or en sidovy av anordningen med vapnet och lavetten antydda med streckprickade linjer. Fig. 2 Or en langdsektion genom hamningsmekanismen obelastat tillstand. Fig. 3 Or en sektion genom endast ddmpareroret och dess bussningar 2. for visande av hamningsanordningen i belastat tillstand. An embodiment of the recoil holding device according to the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in application to a machine gun, which is supported by a tripod valve. Fig. 1 Or a side view of the device with the weapon and the barrel indicated by dash-dotted lines. Fig. 2 Or a longitudinal section through the hamstring mechanism unloaded condition. Fig. 3 is a section through only the damper tube and its bushings 2. for showing the porting device in loaded condition.

Hela hamningsanordningen innefattar tva :sinsemellan lika, parallellkopplade damparemekanismer, innefattande var sitt ror 1, genom vilket stracker sig en med roret koaxiell stang 2. Reren 1 aro forbundna med varandra vid vardera anden genom ok 3, 4, som aven Oro f8rsedda med for fastande â lavetten 5 erforderliga organ. Stangerna 2, som stracka sig utanfor roren vid deras bada andar, aro ocksh forbundna med varandra vid andarna medelst ok 6, 7, vilka bilda monteringsstod for vapnet 8. The entire porting device comprises two: mutually identical, parallel-connected steam mechanisms, each comprising a tube 1, through which a rod coaxial with the tube extends 2. The tubes 1 are connected to each other at each end by yokes 3, 4, which are also provided with fastening â lavetten 5 required organs. The rods 2, which extend beyond the rudders at their two spirits, are also connected to each other at the spirits by means of yokes 6, 7, which form a mounting post for the weapon 8.

I varje damparemekanism Sr stangen 2 farskjutbart styrd i tvh. bussningar 9 och 10 anordnade en i vardera anden av roret 1. Dessa bussningar 9 och 10 bilda i huvudsak lufttata tillslutningar mellan stangen. 2 och rOret 1. Tatningen believer jute yam fullstandig, dá den endast skall hindra st6rre lackage av luft vid hastig kompression. Inuti reret 1, mellan tatningsbussningarna 9 och 10, Sr en kolv 11 fast pa stangen 2. Bakom kolven 11 Sr huvuddamparefjadern 12 anbragt i form av en kring stangen 2 lindad skruvfjader och framfor kolven Sr pa samma sStt anordnad en atergangsfjader 13. I obelastat tillstand (fig. 2) aro hada fjadrarna 12 och 13 under tryckspanning mellan kolven och var sin bussning 9 resp. 10, varigenom stangen Mlles i ett jamviktslage av de varandra motverkande fjadrarna 12 och 13. Kolven. 11 bestar av en slitsad ring 14, som ár insatt i ett periferiellt spar i stangen 2, ett skalformigt organ 15, vars oppna, framatvanda Linde omsluter ringen 11 med glidpassning, och vars slutna, bakre ande, som anligger mot huvudbuffertfjadern 12, liar en borrning, som med glidpassning omsluter stangen 2, saint en hylsa 16 av elastiskt material, t. ex. syntetiskt gummi, som Sr anordnad mellan ringen .14 och hylsans 15 bakre ande. En andra, mindre, elastisk hylsa 17 Sr anbragt mellan ringen 14 och atergangsfjadern 13. Ytterdiametern av hylsan 15 Sr nagot mindre an innerdiametern av roret 1 f8r att lamna en smal lackagespringa forbi kolven. 11. In each damper mechanism, the rod 2 is slidably steered in two directions. bushings 9 and 10 arranged one in each spirit of the rudder 1. These bushings 9 and 10 form substantially airtight closures between the rod. 2 and the tube 1. The seal believer jute yam complete, as it should only prevent greater leakage of air at rapid compression. Inside the tube 1, between the sealing bushings 9 and 10, a piston 11 is fixed on the rod 2. Behind the piston 11 the main steam spring 12 is arranged in the form of a helical spring wound around the rod 2 and in front of the piston a return spring 13 arranged in the same way. (Fig. 2) had the springs 12 and 13 under compressive stress between the piston and each bushing 9 and 9, respectively. 10, whereby the rod Mlles in an equilibrium stroke of the opposing springs 12 and 13. The piston. 11 consists of a slotted ring 14, which is inserted in a peripheral groove in the rod 2, a shell-shaped member 15, whose open, forward-facing Linde encloses the ring 11 with a sliding fit, and whose closed, rear spirit, which abuts against the main buffer spring 12, bore, which with sliding fit encloses the rod 2, saint a sleeve 16 of elastic material, e.g. synthetic rubber, as Sr arranged between the ring 14 and the rear end of the sleeve 15. A second, smaller, elastic sleeve 17 is arranged between the ring 14 and the return spring 13. The outer diameter of the sleeve 15 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube 1 to leave a narrow lacquer gap past the piston. 11.

Vid anvandning, nar vapnet rekylerar, komprimeras huvudbuffertfjadern 12 och luften i den bakre delen av rOret 1, sa att rekylenergien absorberas dels av fjadern och dels av den pneumatiska damparen. Vid hogre eldhastighet okar proportionen av den av den pneumatiska bufferten absorberade energien. Darigenom blir det tnejligt att bibehalla traffsakerheten mom ett sfciff eldliastighetsomrade och over hela svangningsomradet, Sven 3600, mom vilket lavetten 5 liar en varierande elasticitet. Huvuddampningsfjadern 12 valjes sa, att den ger storsta mojliga noggrannhet for de vanligaste eldhastigheterna. Utan den pneumatiska bufferten skulle overhuvudtaget ingen dampning erhallas vid hoga eldhastigheter, savida joke en mycket stor, praktiskt ogenomforbar slaglangd forutsags. In use, when the weapon recoils, the main buffer spring 12 and the air in the rear part of the tube 1 are compressed, so that the recoil energy is absorbed partly by the spring and partly by the pneumatic damper. At higher firing speeds, the proportion of the energy absorbed by the pneumatic buffer increases. As a result, it becomes convenient to maintain the accuracy with a specific fire resistance range and over the entire range, Sven 3600, with which the cab 5 has a varying elasticity. The main steam spring 12 is selected so that it provides the greatest possible accuracy for the most common fire speeds. Without the pneumatic buffer, no steaming would be obtained at high fire speeds, a very large, practically impracticable stroke is predicted.

Aterforingen efter en eldskur dampas av atergangsfjadern 13, som hindrar en andring av lavettens lage genom anslag i slutet av atergangsrorelsen, sasom fallet yore, om vapnet lats anligga mot ett ph relativt lavetten fast anordnat anslag. The return after a fire shed is vaporized by the return spring 13, which prevents a change of the bearing of the barrel by abutment at the end of the return movement, as in the case of yore, if the weapon is allowed to abut against a pH relative to the abutment fixed arrangement.

Atergangsfjadern 13 her dessutom till funktion att minska den forutnamnda skillnaden i hojdriktning mellan det forsta skottet i en eldskur och de efterfeljande skotten. Vid utlösning avtryckarstangen i kulsprutan kastas slutstyeket framat f Or avfyring av forsta skottet av slutstycksfjadern (ej visad), som samtidigt utevar en bakatriktad kraft pa kulsprutan. Vid rekylhammare med en. enda fj der Sr denna kraft otillracklig for att Overvinna saval vilofriktionen och rekylfjaderns kraft och kulsprutan rorde sig inte fOrran fOrsta skottet var avfyrat. Darefter gjorde kulsprutan en rekylrorelse och resten av eldskuren avlossades fran ett andrat lage. Vid den ovan -beskrivna anordningen enligt uppfinningen aro huvudbuffertfjadern 12 och atergangsfjadern 12 och atergangsfjadern 13 fran bOrjan i jamvikt. Darfor beh8ver man. endast overvinna vilofriktionen f Sr att astadkomma en. rorelse och darfor astadkommer slutstycksfjadern en bakatrOrelse av kulsprutan innan fOrsta skottet avlossas. Det liar vi-sat sig, att detta minskar skillnaderna mellan traffpunkterna f8r forsta skottet och resten av eldskuren. The return spring 13 also has the function of reducing the aforementioned difference in height direction between the first shot in a fire shed and the subsequent shots. When the trigger rod is released in the machine gun, the bolt is thrown forward for firing the first shot of the bolt spring (not shown), which at the same time exerts a rearward force on the machine gun. At recoil hammer with a. only spring This force is insufficient to overcome the rest friction and the force of the recoil spring and the machine gun did not move until the first shot was fired. Then the machine gun made a recoil motion and the rest of the fire was fired from another team. In the device according to the invention described above, the main buffer spring 12 and the return spring 12 and the return spring 13 from the beginning are in equilibrium. That's why you need it. only overcome the rest friction f Sr to achieve one. movement and therefore the bolt spring causes a rearward movement of the machine gun before the first shot is fired. It turns out that this reduces the differences between the hit points for the first shot and the rest of the fire.

Den elastiska kolven 11 ger en ytterligare fjadrings- och dampningseffekt, vilket visat sig ytterligare forbattra traffsakerheten, sarskilt vid laga eldhastigheter. Den elastiska hylsan 17 bildar en dampare mellan htergangsfjadern 13 och kolvringen 14 nth. kolven 11 forskjutes fram till anslag mot atergangsfjadern. The elastic piston 11 provides an additional suspension and steaming effect, which has been found to further improve the accuracy, especially at low fire speeds. The elastic sleeve 17 forms a steamer between the return spring 13 and the piston ring 14 nth. the piston 11 is displaced up to abutment against the return spring.

Aven om den ovan beskrivna anordningen har funnits vara sarskilt val lampad for en kulspruta, som Sr anbragt ph en. tripodlavett, och i denna kombination visat sig medfora en vasentlig forbattring i traffsakerheten j am-flirt med forut kanda anordningar, Ore manga variationer mojliga inom rainen f8r uppfinningen. Salunda kan man t. ex. ersatta tvillingdamparna med en enda st8rre dampare. Lackningspassagen forbi kolven kan bildas av ett sarskilt hal genom kolven 11. Fjadrarna kunna anbringas p5 yttersidan av den pneumatiska dampningscylindern, antingen mellan tatningsbussningar och avsatser vid andarna av stangen eller i sarskilda dampnings- 3 enheter. Den enkla stangen i en dampningsenhet kan °dish ersattas med flera stanger om sa Onskas. Dampningsenheterna kunna aven kastas om sa, att dampningscylindern ar farbunden med kulsprutan och stangen med lavetten. Although the device described above has been found to be a special choice for a machine gun, which Sr fitted ph one. tripod lavett, and in this combination has been found to bring about a substantial improvement in the accuracy of j am-flirting with prior art devices, Ore many variations possible within the scope of the invention. Salunda can be e.g. replace the twin steamers with a single larger steamer. The lacquer passage past the piston can be formed by a separate hall through the piston 11. The springs can be fitted on the outside of the pneumatic steaming cylinder, either between sealing bushings and ledges at the spirits of the rod or in special steaming units. The simple rod in a steaming unit can ° dish be replaced with several rods if said Onskas. The steaming units can also be thrown over so that the steaming cylinder is connected to the machine gun and the rod to the hoist.

Ytterligare variationer, som aro mojliga och som kunna vara sarskilt fordelaktiga for lavetering pa en pansarvagn kunna besta dirt att en del av vapnet, t. ex. pipan, anvandes som styrstang i en enkel dampareanordning. Damparecylindern, som da kan utgOra en del med lavetten, skulk da omsluta en del av pipan och vara forsedd med tatningsbussningar och fjadrar, pa liknande satt som ovan beskrivits, varvid kolven skulle vara anbragt pa pipan. Further variations, which are possible and which may be particularly advantageous for loading on an armored car, may consist of dirt that part of the weapon, e.g. the barrel, is used as a guide rod in a simple steaming device. The steam cylinder, which may then form part of the vane, should then enclose a part of the barrel and be provided with sealing bushings and springs, in a manner similar to that described above, the piston being mounted on the barrel.

Claims

Patent claim:

Recoil hammering device for automatic weapons with two relatively displaceable parts, one connected to the weapon and the other to the avalanche, which in the unloaded state are lined in equilibrium between opposing, prestressed springs, which parts form or are connected to one another by a steam cylinder and the second with a piston displaceable in the steam cylinder, characterized in that the steam cylinder (1) Or is filled with a compressible fluid and together with the piston (11) forms a pneumatic evaporator (1, 2, 9, 101, 11) in which the compressible fluid can flow Iran one side of the piston (11) to the other through a lacquerage sage.

Recoil hammering device according to claim 1, characterized in that two springs (12, 13) are arranged in the steam cylinder (1), one on each side of the piston (11), the springs having the device Or in the rest position, clamp between the piston (11) and either bushing (9 and 10, respectively) to maintain the rod (2) equilibrium relative to the rudder (1).

Recoil hammering device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lacquer passage between the piston (11) and the tube (1) consists of a small clearance between them.

Recoil hammering device according to any one of patent claims 1-3, characterized in that the piston (11) is My On elastic.

Recoil hammering device according to claim 4, characterized in that the piston (11) comprises a. piston ring (14), which Or is arranged in a peripheral groove in the rod (2), and a spherical sleeve (15), one open end of which abuts slidably against the outer periphery of the piston ring (14) and the other end of which is invited inwardly. to a slidable abutment against the rod (2), whereby the radian piston ring (14), the sleeve (15) and the rod (2) form a chamber, in which Or is arranged a sleeve (16) of elastic material.

Recoil hammering device according to any one of patent claims 2-5, characterized in that the barrel of the firearm forms the rod (2) and that the steam tube (1) forms part of the vane. Request publications: Patents! Rein Switzerland 205217; United Kingdom 485524; USA 1,469,918.