SE203345C1

SE203345C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE203345C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1965-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: H M Busey Prioritet begard from den 5 juni 1962 (USA) Ftireliggande uppfinning avser en halmreaktor forsedd med ett reaktorkarl, en varmevaxlare, ett kylmedel och ett i kylmedlet oltisligt karnbransle. Inventor: H M Busey Priority requested from June 5, 1962 (USA).

Uppfinnin.gen kannetecknas av -en kombination bestaende darav, att reaktorkarlet är bingstrackt vertikalt och her en nedre, cylindrisk del samt en ovre kupolformig del; att inuti reaktorkarlet med mellanruin skill frail dettas vaggar Sr en vertikalt langstrackt cylindrisk del lagrad, soin vid sin &vre ande her ett halsformigt fortrangt parti; .att en vertikalt langstrackt, rorformig del vid sin nedre ande Sr ansluten till den ovre anden av det halsformigt fortrangda partiet pa den cylindriska delens owe dude och har Atminstone en radiell, rorformig, arm, som är ansluten till denna rerformiga -dels övre ande och vid sin yttre ande har ett a.tminstone i huvudsak tangentiellt parti for att bringa bland.ningen av kylmedel och branslepartiklar att rotera och centrifugalsepareras, sa att branslepartiklarna stanna kvar i reaktorkarlet och det mesta av det av .natrium bestaende kylmedlet kan overfdras till varmevaxlaren; att en kylmedelsledning Sr lagrad centralt inuti n.amnda karl och har en fortrangd ovre ande belagen inuti det halsformigt fortrangda partiet pa den cylindriska delens Ovre ande for att bilda en stralpump; att en cirkulationspump Sr inkopplad ,mellan varmevd.xlaren o-ch stralpumpens nedre glide; att en kylmedelsledning Sr ansluten till reaktorkdrlet samt varmevaxlaren; och att det av .smapartiklar bestaende klyvbara branslet i kontakt med det av natrium besta.ende kylmedlet fyl ler reaktorkarlet till en niva i hojd med stralpumpen. The invention can be characterized by a combination consisting in that the reactor vessel is binged vertically and here a lower, cylindrical part and an upper dome-shaped part; that inside the reactor vessel with intermediate ruin separate frail its rock Sr a vertically elongated cylindrical part is stored, soin at its & her spirit here a neck-shaped displaced portion; that a vertically elongate, tubular member at its lower end Sr is connected to the upper end of the neck-shaped displaced portion of the upper part of the cylindrical member and has at least one radial, tubular, arm which is connected to the upper spirit of this tubular member and at its outer spirit has an at least substantially tangential portion for causing the mixture of coolant and fuel particles to rotate and centrifugally separate so that the fuel particles remain in the reactor vessel and most of the sodium coolant can be transferred to the heat exchanger; that a coolant line is stored centrally inside said vessel and has a displaced upper spirit disposed within the neck-shaped displaced portion of the upper end of the cylindrical member to form a jet pump; that a circulation pump Sr is connected, between the heat exchanger and the lower slide of the jet pump; that a coolant line is connected to the reactor vessel and the heat exchanger; and that the cleavable fuel consisting of .smap particles in contact with the sodium-containing refrigerant fills the reactor vessel to a level at the height of the jet pump.

PS bifogade ritning visar fig. 1 i vertikalsektion en utforingsform av uppfinningen, och fig. 2 visar en sektion efter linjen 2-2 i fig. 1. Fig. 3 visar i vertikalsektion en alternativ utforingsform. The attached drawing of the PS shows Fig. 1 in vertical section an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 2-2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows in vertical section an alternative embodiment.

I den foredragna, i fig. 1 och 2 -visade utioringsformen her reaktorn ett karl 11 av upp °eh ned vand flaskform, vilket foretradesvis bestar av rastfritt stal. Detta karl bestar av en nedre cylindrisk del 12 saint en 18stagbar, ungefar halvsfarisk dom 13, vilken her en flans 14, so-m Sr tatt fastad pa en flans 15 pa den trattformiga mellandelen 16. En cylindrisk innerdel 17 Sr inset inuti den cylindriska delen 12. Den cylindriska delen 17 har en fortrangd, strtimlinjeformig del 19 med symmetriskt belagna S-formiga profilhalvor, vilken vid sin ovre ande Overgar i en rorformig del 21. Till den rorformiga delens 21 owe ande Sr ett eller flera radiella ror 23 anslutna, vilkas yttre ande bestar air ett ungefar tangentiellt riktat munstycke 25. De radiella rOren 23 janate deras munstycken 25 samt do-men 13 pa. reaktorkarlet 11 bilda tillsammans en centrifug. In the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the reactor here shows a vessel 11 of upside down water bottle shape, which preferably consists of stainless steel. This man consists of a lower cylindrical part 12 saint an 18-removable, approximately semi-dangerous mandrel 13, which here is a flange 14, which is fastened to a flange 15 on the funnel-shaped intermediate part 16. A cylindrical inner part 17 is inserted inside the cylindrical part 12. The cylindrical part 17 has a narrowed, streamlined part 19 with symmetrically coated S-shaped profile halves, which at its upper end merges into a tubular part 21. To the end of the tubular part 21 one or more radial tubes 23 are connected, the the outer spirit consists of an approximately tangentially directed nozzle 25. The radial tubes 23 janate their nozzles 25 and the dome 13 pa. the reactor vessel 11 together form a centrifuge.

Ett stigror 31 for kylmedel stracker sig axiellt i reaktorkarlet 11 fran dettas botten till den inre delens 17 konvergerande ovre Slade 19. Florets 31 owe- ande Sr forsett lined ett stralmunstycke 33, vilket i samverkan med rorets 21 inloppshals bildar en ejektor 35. A riser 31 for coolant extends axially in the reactor vessel 11 from its bottom to the converging upper Slade 19 of the inner part 17.

Ett kylm-edelsror 37 Sr vid en hermetiskt sluten fog forbundet med reaktordomens 13 centrala parti och strdcker sig darifran till 2203 3 en varmevaxlare 41, vilkens avloppsror 43 genom en cirkulationspump 45 (vilken kan vara av den elektromagnetiska typen) och ett ror 47 är anstutet till stigrorets 31 nedre ande. Reaktorn, vannevaxlaren och anslutningsroren aro, fyllda med smalt natrium, °eh reaktorn fylles genom ventilen 53 och laddningsroret 51 med pulvriserad urandioxid, pintoniumdioxid, toriumdioxid eller flagon blandning av dessa, tills den onskade energialstringsnivan uppnas. Del antages att ungefar 100 kilogram bransle behovs i reaktorn, som har 30 centimeters. diameter och en 30 centimeter rang reaktionszon. Denna branslemangd kan emellertid variera mer eller mind-re med systemets exakta geometri och sam, mansattning, kylmedlets stromningshastighet och branslets anrikningsgrad. Eftersom fertila atomer kunna forekomma i oxidpartiklarna och karlet liar ett minimum av konstruktionsclelar, mojliggores. »briding». A coolant pipe 37 is connected to a hermetically sealed joint to the central portion of the reactor dome 13 and extends therefrom to a heat exchanger 41, the drain pipe 43 of which is connected by a circulation pump 45 (which may be of the electromagnetic type) and a pipe 47. to the lower spirit of the riser 31. The reactor, the water exchanger and the connecting tubes are filled with narrow sodium, the reactor is filled through the valve 53 and the charging tube 51 with powdered uranium dioxide, pinton dioxide, thorium dioxide or flake mixture thereof, until the desired energy generation level is reached. It is assumed that approximately 100 kilograms of fuel is needed in the reactor, which has 30 centimeters. diameter and a 30 centimeter rank reaction zone. However, this amount of fuel can vary more or less with the exact geometry and composition of the system, the composition, the flow rate of the refrigerant and the degree of enrichment of the fuel. Since fertile atoms can be present in the oxide particles and the vessel liar a minimum of construction clelar, possible. «Briding».

De i kylmedlet uppslammade branslepartiklarna sjunka sa att de fallas. ut i form av en massa i det ringformiga rumrnet 55 mellan reaktorkarlets 11 insida och innerdelens 17 utsida, och de stiga sedan uppat, sa att de fylla det ringformiga rummet mellan innerdelen 17 och stigroret 31. Ejektorn 35 alstrar ett tryckfall genom suspensionen. Nar reaktorn är laddad med bransle, r ejektorn i verksamhet, s. att natrium strommar .genom ejektorn upp i den rorformiga delen 21 saint ut ur centrifugen och lied -aimed reaktorkarlets 11 insida. Nar mangden bransle i reaktorn akar, akar branslemangden i det ringformiga rummet 57, tills den utfailda massan far anskad niva. Systemets ,sakerhet forbattras pa grund av att optimal geometri anvandes for den kritiska zonen, att ett minimum av bransle forekommer i systemet, och att branslet befinner sig i utfallt tillstand. Fran intaget farm. uppslammade partiklar av ej ektorn upp Iran branslepelaren, och partiklarna separeras i .centrifugen, varefter de sjunka och fortsatta i kretsloppet, under det att det flytande natriumet jamte fororeningar avskiljes och pampas. ut ur reaktorkarlets ovre Snde samt genom varrnevaxlaren 41 och tillbaka in i ejektorn. Eftersom den del av reaktorkarlet, som. joke Sr fylld med bran.slepartiklaT, Sr fylld med small natrium, eirkulerar en liten mangcl natrium, tillsam.mans med partiklarna. The fuel particles suspended in the refrigerant sink so that they fall. out in the form of a mass in the annular space 55 between the inside of the reactor vessel 11 and the outside of the inner part 17, and they then rise upwards, so that they fill the annular space between the inner part 17 and the riser 31. The ejector 35 generates a pressure drop through the suspension. When the reactor is charged with fuel, the ejector is in operation, so that sodium flows through the ejector up into the tubular part 21 saint out of the centrifuge and led -aimed the inside of the reactor vessel 11. When the amount of fuel in the reactor increases, the amount of fuel increases in the annular space 57, until the precipitated mass reaches the desired level. The security of the system is improved due to the fact that optimal geometry is used for the critical zone, that a minimum of fuel is present in the system, and that the industry is in a failed state. From occupied farm. slurried particles of the non-eector up the Iran column, and the particles are separated in the centrifuge, after which they sink and continue in the cycle, while the liquid sodium and impurities are separated and pumped. out of the upper end of the reactor vessel and through the heat exchanger 41 and back into the ejector. Because the part of the reactor vessel, which. joke Sr filled with bran.slepartiklaT, Sr filled with small sodium, circulates a small mangcl sodium, together with the particles.

En viktig detalj av denna nya reaktor Sr den, att gasformiga klyvningsprodukter kunna avlagsnas, alit efter som de bildas. Natriumet i ejektorn och centrifugen liar namligen den inom tekniken val kanda ,effekten, att det avlagsnar gaser fran systemet. An important detail of this new reactor is that gaseous fission products can be deposited as they are formed. Namely, the sodium in the ejector and the centrifuge is known in the technology as the effect that it removes gases from the system.

I utforingsformen enligt fig. 3 forekommer joke stigroret 31, vilket i karnreaktionzonen andrar varmealstringsprofilen. Fran pumpen aterkommande natriumstrommar nedat genom riiret 50 och genom aterledningskanalen 52. Denna kanals 52 ande jamte innerdelens 56 fortrangda halsparti bildar en ejektor eller stralpump. Suspensionen fangas upp av natriumet och slungas ut genom munstyckena 25 sasom angives i det foregaende. En del av varmet extraheras fran branslepartiklarna och ledes i det varma natriumet genom ledningarna 58 och 60 ut till varmevaxlaren. En del varme kan givetvis genom karlets 11 vagg ledas till ett omgivande, med cirkulerande natrium fyllt, ringformigt rum. In the embodiment according to Fig. 3, the joke riser 31 occurs, which in the core reaction zone changes the heat generation profile. Sodium streams returning from the pump down through the tube 50 and through the return channel 52. The end of this channel 52 and the displaced neck portion of the inner part 56 form an ejector or jet pump. The suspension is captured by the sodium and thrown out through the nozzles 25 as indicated above. Some of the heat is extracted from the fuel particles and conducted in the hot sodium through lines 58 and 60 to the heat exchanger. Some heat can of course be conducted through the cradle of the vessel 11 to a surrounding, circulating sodium-filled, annular space.

En. extra fordel med reaktorn enligt foreliggande uppfinning Sr den, att reaktorn kan arbeta vid hogre temperaturer, utan alt det behovs nagot .starkt tryckarl, ty natriumets angtryek Sr lagt. One. An additional advantage of the reactor according to the present invention is that the reactor can operate at higher temperatures without the need for a strong pressure vessel, because the sodium pressure is reduced.

Nar natriumet renats sa, att dess halt ay syre Sr mycket lag, angriper det rostfria stal och andra metaller och legeringar langsamt mom temperaturomradet 400 till 700°C. Rostfritt stal faredrages i allmanhet for alla konstruktionselementen pa grund av sin hallfasthet och den forbattrade tekniken far dess framstallning. When the sodium is purified, so that its oxygen content is very low, it slowly attacks the stainless steel and other metals and alloys in the temperature range of 400 to 700 ° C. Stainless steel is generally endangered for all structural members due to its half-strength and improved technology for its manufacture.

Vissa klyvningsprodukter are losliga i natrium och en del am dessa diffu:ndera fran de sma branslepatriklarna oeh losas i natriumet. Utfallning i varmt eller kallt tillstand samt destillering aro metoder for att avlagsna dessa fororeningar. Dessutom kan detta ko.ntaminerade natrium tid efter annan ledas bort, men nadvandigt Sr detta ieke, ty genom de reningsmetoder, som anvandas for att avlagsna kemiska fororeningar, sa att korrosionen fordroj es, reduceras alien koneentration.en av fororeningar fran klyvningsprodukterna. Some fission products are soluble in sodium and some of these are diffused from the small fuel particles and dissolved in the sodium. Precipitation in hot or cold condition as well as distillation are methods for removing these contaminants. In addition, this contaminated sodium can be discharged from time to time, but this is not the case, because the purification methods used to remove chemical contaminants so that the corrosion is delayed reduce the concentration of contaminants from the fission products.

Ytterligare en genom reaktorn enligt foreliggande uppfinning vunnen fordel bestar dari, att branslet gradvis utan stopp kan farnyas i reaktorn, sa att det anvanda bran.slet, som avledes, kan regenereras kontinuerligt. Another advantage obtained by the reactor according to the present invention is that the fuel can be gradually renewed in the reactor without stopping, so that the spent fuel, which is diverted, can be regenerated continuously.

Bet Sr salunda tydligt att med foreliggande uppfinning avses .anvandandet ay ett kylmedel, och ett ay sma partiklar bestaende brans-le, och att kylmedlet loch detta bransle, utom i en gemensam del, stromma i skilda kretslopp. KyLmedlet fyller den uppgiften att det transpoTterar partiklarna in i kretsloppet och leder en del av det .alstrade varmet till ett stalk, dar detta anvandes. Dessutom astadkommes medelst detta kylmedel partiell bransleregenerering i reaktorn. Dessa foreskrifter beskrivas visserligen i det foregaende tillampade pa ett visst speciellt exempel, men modifikationer darav avensoni andra utforingsformer kunna givetvis farekomnia. 203 33 It is thus clear that the present invention relates to the use of a refrigerant and a small particle industry, and that the refrigerant and this industry, except in a common part, flow in different circuits. The refrigerant fulfills the task of transporting the particles into the circuit and directing some of the heat generated to a stalk, where this is used. In addition, this refrigerant provides partial fuel regeneration in the reactor. Although these regulations are described above applied to a particular special example, modifications thereof in addition to other embodiments may, of course, be dangerous. 203 33

Claims

Patent claim: Nuclear reactor equipped with a reactor vessel (11), a heat exchanger (41), a coolant and a granular fuel insoluble in the coolant in the form of suspended particles, may be characterized by a combination of existing drive gear, or the reactor vessel (11) is extruded. vertically and has a lower, cylindrical part (12) saint an upper domed part- (13); that inside the reactor vessel at intervals separate from its cradles is stored a vertically elongated cylindrical part (17), which at its upper end has a neck-shaped displaced portion (19); that a vertically elongated, tubular portion (21) at its. the lower end is connected to the upper end of the neck-shaped Hartrangda portion of the upper dude of the cylindrical part and has at least one radial, tubular arm (23), which is connected to this upper end (21) of the tubular part (21) & at its outer end has a at least substantially tangential portion (25) for causing the mixture of coolant or fuel particles to rotate and centrifugally separate, so that the fuel particles remain in the reactor vessel (11) and most of the sodium coolant can be transferred to the heat exchanger (41), a coolant line (31) is stored centrally inside the said Uri (11) and has a narrowed upper end (3 • 3) beld.gen inside the neck-shaped displaced portion (19) ph the upper end of the cylindrical part (17) to form a jet pump (35); that a circulation pump (45) is connected between the heat exchanger (41) and the lower dude of the jet pump (35); that a coolant line (37, 47) Or connected to the reactor vessel and the heat exchanger; and that part of the small particles consisting of fissile fuel in contact with the sodium-containing coolant fills the reactor vessel (11) to a level at the height of the jet pump (35). Request publications: Patents Iran USA 2 837 475, 2 874 106. Other publications: International conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy 1955. Geneva. Proceedings Vol. 3. New York 1955. (United Nations publications.), Pp. 117-119. Nuclear engineering. 2 (1957): 13, pp. 146151.