SE190830C1

SE190830C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE190830C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1964-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: M H Shackelford och A McCardle, Jr Foreliggande uppfinning avser en efterhrannkammare for turbojetmotorer, vilken ar forsedd med en ringformig diffusorkanal fOr mottagning av en hlandning av luft och gas frau turbinen, i vilken kanal dro anordnade en branslespridareanordning och nedstrOms om denna en flamhallareanordning, varvid en tandanordning i form av en korg med per- forerad vagg och med en oppen ande vand nedstroms är anordnad mellan spridareanordningen och flamhallareanordningen i den bransleanrikade luft-gasstrommen och en bransleinjektor och en tandanordning aro anbringade inuti korgen. The present invention relates to an after-chamber for turbojet engines, which is provided with an annular diffuser channel for receiving a charge of air and gas from the turbine, in which duct a fuel spreader device is arranged and downstream thereof a flame wherein a toothed device in the form of a basket with a perforated cradle and with an open water downstream is arranged between the diffuser device and the flame hall device in the industry-enriched air-gas stream and a fuel injector and a dental device are arranged inside the basket.

Vid hittills kanda anordningar astadkommes tandning for efterbrannkammaren, exempelvis genom att bransle insprutas uppstrains om turbinen, varigenom de Iran brannarna kommande heta gaserna antanda brans-let och fora det nedstroms for tandning av efterbrannkammaren. Detta medf8r nackdelen att den brinnande materian ledes genom turbinen. En annan metod, som provats experimentellt, ar anvandningen av kapslar, innehallande kemikalier, som tanda vid frigivning i avgaserna och salunda tanda efterbrannkammaren. Denna metod inedfOr regleringsproblem genom att kapslarna dro svara att handhava och reglera for riktig .och kontinuerlig tandning. Andra system begagna flamtandningskallor i efterbrannkammaren av olika former och konturer och fordra i allmdnhet anvandningen av en avsevard mangd metallmaterial for astadkommande av en jaran forhranning i efterbrannkammaren, vilket metallmaterial liar en relativt kort livslangd. Dessutom finns tandningskallor, isom aro anordnade inuti efterbrannkammaren och som fordra annat bransle an dot, som anvandes av motorn, varigenom transport- och lagringsproblem uppkomma, och aro, om en utblasning sker, svara att Ater tanda. In hitherto known devices, ignition for the afterburner is provided, for example by injecting fuel upstream around the turbine, whereby the hot gases coming from the Iran fires ignite the fuel and feed it downstream for ignition of the afterburner. This has the disadvantage that the burning matter is led through the turbine. Another method, which has been tested experimentally, is the use of capsules, containing chemicals, which ignite upon release into the exhaust gases and thus ignite the afterburner. This method introduces control problems in that the capsules are responsible for handling and regulating for correct and continuous ignition. Other systems use flame retardant heads in the afterburning chamber of various shapes and contours and generally require the use of a considerable amount of metal material to provide a smooth annealing in the afterburner, which metal material has a relatively short life. In addition, there are ignition heads, which are arranged inside the afterburner chamber and which require other fuel anot, which is used by the engine, whereby transport and storage problems arise, and which, if a blowout occurs, respond to re-ignition.

Genom foreliggande uppfinning undanrajas de ovan uppraknade svarigheterna medelst en inledningsvis definierad efterbrannkamma- re som kannetecknas darav, att flamhAllareanordningen bestar av ett flertal ringforma- de delar av olika diametrar och att korgen ãr sh anordnad i den ringformiga kanalen, att den brinnande gasen, som uttrader darifran, riktas mot mellanrummet mellan den radiellt inre och den narmast denna belagna flamhallareringen. By means of the present invention the above-mentioned responsibilities are eliminated by means of an initially defined afterburning chamber which can be characterized in that the flame arrestor device consists of a plurality of annular parts of different diameters and that the basket is arranged in the annular channel thence, directed towards the space between the radially inner and the nearest flamhalla ring located thereon.

-Ett utforingsexempel pa foreliggande uppfinning kommer att narmare beskrivas under hanvisning till bifogad ritning, pa vilken vi- sas en deltvarsektion av en typisk turbo-reaktionsmotor, -vilken Si anordnad for efterbrann- kammare-drift, och visar tillimpningen av en tandanordning, ehuru det skall inses, att den Sr tilldmplig pA vilken som heist reaktions- kraftanlaggning, som foridrar tryckkraftOk- ning. PA ritningen visas diffusorsektionen i en typisk reaktionsmotor, t. ex. en turbojet- motor. Diffusorsektionen bestar av ett yttre holje 10, ett inre holje eller foder 11, -vilket är anordnat pa avstand fran dot yttre hOljet for stramning av kylluft mellan haljena, och en stjartkon 12, som ar koncentrisk med Avgaserna fran den uppstroms belagna, icke visade turbinen bromsas i diffusorn 13, da de stromma in i efterbrannkammaresektionen 14 f Or att uttrada frau nagot icke visat munstycke och astadkomma den framdrivande verkan for kraftanlaggningen. For tillforsel av tillsatsbransle f Or efterbrannkammaredrift kan en lamplig spridarestd.nganordning 15 utnyttjas vid uppstromsanden av diffusorsektionen. Donna konstruktion Ar konventionell och behover icke beskrivas narmar e. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which a partial section of a typical turbo-reaction engine is shown, which is arranged for after-combustion chamber operation, and shows the application of a dental device, although it it should be understood that it is applicable to any reactive power plant which requires a pressure increase. The PA drawing shows the diffuser section in a typical reaction engine, e.g. a turbojet engine. The diffuser section consists of an outer casing 10, an inner casing or liner 11, - which is arranged at a distance from the outer casing for tightening cooling air between the halves, and a tail cone 12, which is concentric with the exhaust gases from the upstream, not shown turbine is braked in the diffuser 13, as they flow into the afterburner section 14 to escape from a nozzle (not shown) and to produce the propulsive effect of the power plant. For the supply of auxiliary fuel for post-combustion chamber operation, a suitable spreader cleaning device 15 can be used at the upstream edge of the diffuser section. Donna construction Is conventional and need not be described narmar e.

Aven efter bromsning dr den i diffusorsektionen Astadkomna avgashastigheten ytterst hog och svar att tanda. For astadkommande 2— av lampliga tandningsareor är det brukligt att insatta en flamhallare av exempelvis den vid 16 visade trerings-V-ranntypen. De olika ringarna aro forbundna med varandra pa vilket lampligt satt som helst..Formen av flamhallarerannorna ger upphov till virvlar pa deras nedstromskanter for frambringande av stillastaende areor, som kunna tandas. Even after braking, the exhaust speed achieved in the diffuser section is extremely high and the response to ignition. In order to create suitable ignition areas, it is customary to insert a flame holder of, for example, the three-ring V-edge type shown at 16. The various rings are connected to each other in any suitable manner. The shape of the flame-hole grooves gives rise to vortices on their downstream edges to produce stationary areas which can be ignited.

Vid den hittills beskrivna konstruktionen uppnas tillfredsstallande efterbrannkammaredrift, sedan en. flamma viii har upprattats och stabiliserats. For sakerstallande av detta är en tandanordning i form av en med en op-pen ande forsedd korg, som generellt betecknas med 17, anordnad i diffusorkanalen 13 mellan spridarestangen 15 och flamhallaren 16. Korgen dr perforerad med utat mynnande tungor 18, som aro vanda mot uppstromsriktningen, och vilket lampligt antal av dessa som heist kan vara forhanden sasom skall framga nedan. Dessutom kunna luftinloppsoppningar 19 vara anordnade pa aystimd Iran varandra i korgen mellan tungorna. Korgens uppstromsande dr tillsluten, i vilken är anbragt en bransleinjektor eller ett lampligt branslemunstycke 20, som tilIfores motorbransle med hjalp av ledningen 21, vilken stacker sig at ur diffusorkanalen sasom visas. Begynnelsetandning av tandbrannaren eller korgen astadkommes medelst en gnistkalla 22, som matas Iran en joke visad yttre kalla. Gnistkallan 22 är foretradesvis belagen uppstrOms om luftappningarna 19 for ett andamal, som skall framga nedan. En lamplig vingprofil 23 kan omgiva ledningen 21 och forbindningen med gnistkallan 22 far att skydda dern frail de heta avgaserna. For att latt utbyta enheten kan vingprofilen 23 vara forbunden med plattan 24, som ãr fast vid det yttre holjet 10, vilket medger, att hela tandbrannareaggregatet vid behov uttages genom haljena och utbytes. FOretradesvis dr korgens 17 nedstromsande trattformad yid 25 for astadkommande av en stor flamarea invid flamhallaren och nedstrams ddrifran. In the construction described so far, satisfactory afterburner operation is achieved, then one. flame viii has been established and stabilized. To ensure this, a toothed device in the form of an open-ended basket, generally designated 17, is arranged in the diffuser channel 13 between the spreading rod 15 and the flame holder 16. The basket is perforated with outwardly opening tongues 18, which are accustomed to upstream direction, and what appropriate number of these heist may be available as will be shown below. In addition, air inlet openings 19 may be provided on aystimn Iran each other in the basket between the tongues. The upstream of the basket is closed, in which a fuel injector or a suitable fuel nozzle 20 is arranged, which is supplied to the motor fuel by means of the line 21, which protrudes from the diffuser channel as shown. Initial ignition of the tooth burner or basket is accomplished by means of a spark cold 22, which is fed to Iran a joke shown external cold. The spark source 22 is preferably coated upstream of the air vents 19 for a breath, as will be seen below. A suitable wing profile 23 can surround the line 21 and the connection to the spark source 22 may protect it from the hot exhaust gases. In order to have the unit easily replaced, the wing profile 23 can be connected to the plate 24, which is fixed to the outer casing 10, which allows the entire toothbrush assembly to be removed through the hooks and replaced if necessary. Preferably, the downwardly shaped funnel-shaped yid 25 of the basket 17 provides a large flame area adjacent to the flame holder and is downgraded therefrom.

En air de svarigheter, soin forefinnes vid den foreliggande typen ay tandbrannare, dr kolning av det inre ytskiktet ay brannaren och den olampliga forlaggningen nv brannaren, varigenom heta omraden bildas pa foilret 11, och detta nodvandiggor ofta farekommande utbyte av fodret. Da avgaserna passera nedstrams, sasom angives air pilen, och anrikas med bransle fran spridarestangen 15, avskares den intill den yttre ytan av korgen 17 befintliga delen av gaserna av tungorna 18 och riktas in i korgen 17. Tungarrangemanget medger, att ett tunt gransskikt av dessa gaser omgiver korgens inre yta och forhindrar kolning av denna. Pa grund av den Oppna an-den nedstroms bild'as dessutom en lagtrycks:area inuti korgen far att insuga denna blanda:ling plus ytterligare yttre avgas och luft genom oppningarna 19 pa ett virvlande eller turbulent salt i brannaren. UppstrOmsdeIen av brannaren, som ãr arean med lagst tryck, suger den inkommande blandningen framat far blandning med ytterligare bransle, som Mores av munstyaket 20, och tillforsakrar grundlig blandning am dessa, varvid denna del dessutom utgor ett la.ghastighetsomrade, marl det dr mycket lattare att antanda brans-le- och gasblandningen. Gnistkallan 22 dr foretradesvis belagen i denna laghastighetszon for sakerstallande ay tandning. Efter thndning rusa de expanderande gaserna nedstroms och ut fran den vidgade eller trattformiga Auden av korgen 17 f8r att alstra tillsatsenergi at inalstrommen air gaser genom tungorna 18 och oppningarna 19 och fullborda cykeln. One of the similarities with the present type of tooth burner is the charring of the inner surface layer of the burner and the unsuitable displacement of the burner, whereby hot areas are formed on the foil 11, and this often necessitates dangerous replacement of the liner. As the exhaust gases pass downstream, as indicated by the air arrow, and are enriched with fuel from the spreading rod 15, the portion of the gases adjacent to the outer surface of the basket 17 is cut off by the tongues 18 and directed into the basket 17. The tongue arrangement allows gases surround the inner surface of the basket and prevent it from charring. Due to the open second downstream, a low pressure area is also formed inside the basket which is allowed to suck this mixture plus additional external exhaust gas and air through the openings 19 on a swirling or turbulent salt in the burner. The upstream part of the burner, which is the area with the lowest pressure, sucks the incoming mixture forward before mixing with additional fuel, such as Mores of the nozzle 20, and ensures thorough mixing therein, this part also forming a low speed range, but it is much easier to ignite the fuel and gas mixture. The spark source 22 is preferably coated in this legal velocity zone for proper ignition. After breathing, the expanding gases rush downstream and out of the widened or funnel-shaped Auden of the basket 17 to generate additional energy in the inlet stream of air gases through the tongues 18 and openings 19 and complete the cycle.

Riktig tandning av efterbrannkammaren astadkommes av flamman 26, vilken uppstar I arean ay flamhallaren. Emedan flanunan vid flamhallaren har en mycket hog temperatur, dr det onskizart; att den dr belagen pa ay-stand Iran. fodret 11 for att branning och heta flackar, som nodvandiggora ofta fdrekommande utbyte ay fodret; skola undvikas. Denna svarighet overvinnes genom att korgen 17 lokaliseras vid de radiellt inre och mittre rannorna air den sarskilda visade flamhallaren. Proper ignition of the afterburner is effected by the flame 26, which arises in the area of the flame holder. Since the flan at the flame hall has a very high temperature, it is desirable; that it dr belagen pa ay-stand Iran. the liner 11 for burning and hot flakes, which necessitate frequent replacement of the liner; school should be avoided. This responsiveness is overcome by locating the basket 17 at the radially inner and central grooves of the specially shown flame holder.

Tungornas 18 och oppningarnas 19 antal och arTangemang kunna _variera beroende pa de sarskilda konstruktions- och motorkarakteristikorna. Det dr blott nadvandigt att till-fora tillraekligt med luft inuti korgen, sa att det tillsatsbransle, som tillfores ay munstycket 20, brinner pa ett effektivt och reglerbart salt. For att hindra tandbrannaren fran att branna ut flamhallareringarna dr det anskmart, att tandbrannaren dr belagen intill ringarna far att anslaendet av den heta flamman pa dessa skall forhindras. Eventuellt kunna de framre tungorna vara stallda i en vinkel, sasom visas yid 27, fOr att begynnelsevirvling skall alstras i de inkommande gaserna. Emellertid dr detta ieke nodvandigt far fraingangsrik drift av den foreliggande tandbrannaren forutsatt att den besluivna konstruktionen dr uppfylld. The number and arrangement of the tongues 18 and the openings 19 may vary depending on the particular design and engine characteristics. It is only necessary to supply sufficient air inside the basket, so that the additive fuel supplied to the nozzle 20 burns on an efficient and controllable salt. In order to prevent the tooth burner from burning out the flame retardant rings, it is recommended that the tooth burner located next to the rings prevent the impact of the hot flame on them. Optionally, the front tongues may be set at an angle, as shown in Fig. 27, so that initial vortexing is generated in the incoming gases. However, this does not necessarily require extensive operation of the present tooth burner provided that the resulting construction is fulfilled.

Ehurn en foredragen form av foreliggande uppfinning her askadliggjorts med korgen i avgasstrOmmen, kan det vara onskvart, att begagna andra medel far att tillfora den erforderliga luften, t. ex. en mantel 28, vilken dr visad med streckade linjer runt korgen och dr aerodynamiskt utformad for bildande am stromlinjeformad stromning, genom att manteln dr sluten vid den trattformiga dnden 25 av korgen och tillspetsad uppstroms vid 29. Vid en sad:an modifikation kan luft fran en lamplig kalla, t. ex. kompressor, tillforas genom vingprofilen 23 till kammaren mellan mantel. och korgen. Sam ett alternativ kan manteln vara forlangd med ett rororgan 30 for astadkommande av ett inlopp uppstroms om spridarestangen 15, sa att avgaser, outspadda med det extra branslet frail sprida- — —3 ren, ledas till den kammaren omgivande korgen. Vid vardera modifikationen anvandes den beskrivna korgen. If a preferred form of the present invention has been contaminated with the basket in the exhaust stream, it may be unreasonable to use other means to supply the required air, e.g. a jacket 28, which is shown in broken lines around the basket and is aerodynamically designed to form streamlined flow, in that the jacket is closed at the funnel-shaped end 25 of the basket and tapered upstream at 29. In such a modification, air from a light cold, e.g. compressor, is supplied through the wing profile 23 to the chamber between the jacket. and the basket. Alternatively, the jacket may be required with a rudder means 30 to provide an inlet upstream of the spreader rod 15, so that exhaust gases, undiluted with the additional fuel from the spreader, are led to the basket surrounding the chamber. For each modification, the described basket was used.

Det är uppenbart, att tandbrannare kunna vara anordnade vid en eller flera ytterligare platser, ehuru en enda tandbrannare i enlighet med foreliggande uppfinning har astadkommit tillfredsstallande tandning under al-la forhallanden av efterbrannkarnmaredrift. It is obvious that tooth burners can be arranged at one or more additional locations, although a single tooth burner in accordance with the present invention has provided satisfactory ignition during all conditions of afterburner core operation.

Claims

Patent claim:

An afterburning chamber (13, 14) for turbojet engines, which is provided with an annular diffuser channel (13) for receiving a mixture of air and gas from the turbine, in which channel a fuel spreader device (15) is arranged and downstream thereof a flame arrestor device ( 16), wherein a -Land device in the form of a basket (17) with perforated cradle and with an open water downstream is arranged between the diffuser device (15) and the flame filler device (16) • in the industry-enriched air-gas stream and an industry injector (20) and a landing device (22) arranged inside the basket (17), characterized in that the flame filling device (16) consists of a plurality of annular parts of different diameters and that the basket (17) is arranged in the annular channel (13), that the burning gas emanating therefrom is directed towards the space between the radially inner and the nearest flame hall ring.

Afterburner according to claim 1, characterized in that a tubular jacket 1 (28, 30) encloses the basket (17) and extends upstream past the fuel spreader device (15) in the annular channel (13) to direct the air-gas mixture to the basket ( 17). Anfarda Publications: Patent Letters from Switzerland 143 527, 150 752; France 66 493 (addition to 1 063 505); Switzerland 307,864; USA 2 679 137, 2 729 937. Ombad: T F Nilsson, Malmo Stockholm 1964. Kling]. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & SOner. 640059