SE190820C1

SE190820C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE190820C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1964-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: E C Strandquist och G- G Olsson FOreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till provning av gummiblandningar. Vid provning av gummiblandningar i allmanhet provas hAilfasthet, modul och hardhet. Sattet enligt uppfinningen ar narmast att jamstalla med en modulprovning, ehuru det icke tillgar pa exakt samma satt. De konventionella provningssitten giva icke tillrackligt noggranna resultat utan avsevarda variationer ifraga om gummiblandningarnas sammansattning kunna uppsta utan att detta upptackes vid provningen. Inventors: E C Strandquist and G- G Olsson The present invention relates to the testing of rubber compounds. When testing rubber compounds in general, the strength, modulus and hardness are tested. The method according to the invention is most closely compared with a modular test, although it does not apply in exactly the same way. The conventional test seats do not give sufficiently accurate results but considerable variations as to whether the composition of the rubber compounds can arise without this being detected during the test.

Avsikten med uppfinningen är att undanroja denna nackdel, och vid utnyttjandet av sattet och anordningen enligt uppfinningen kunna mycket sma variationer i gummiblandningarnas komposition pavisas. The object of the invention is to obviate this disadvantage, and in the use of the set and the device according to the invention very small variations in the composition of the rubber compounds can be detected.

Vid sattet enligt uppfinningen bildas en provkropp av det material, som skall pro-vas, och denna provkropp strackes, varefter strackningen uppmates. Sattet enligt uppfinningen kannetecknas &ray, att provkroppen, som har en bestamd tvarsektionsarea och är forsedd med tva pa ett bestamt avstand fran varandra belhgna utskott, str5.ckes under inverkan av en forutbestamd kraft och att en stralningssandare och en stralningsmottagare, som fir anordnad att alstra indikeringssignaler och med dessa paverka en indikeringseller registreringsanordning, forskjutas gemensamt kings den strackta provkroppen forbi de tvh utskotten pA denna for att, dA utskotten passeras, alstra indikeringssignalerna och for att bringa indikerings- eller registreringsanordningen att astadkomma en indikering eller registrering, som motsvarar strackningen under inverkan av den forutbestamda kraften. In the method according to the invention, a specimen is formed of the material to be tested, and this specimen is stretched, after which the stretching is measured. The method according to the invention can be characterized in that the test body, which has a certain cross-sectional area and is provided with two projections located at a certain distance from each other, is stretched under the influence of a predetermined force and that a radiation transmitter and a radiation receiver arranged to produce indicating signals and thereby affecting an indicating or recording device, the stretched specimen is jointly displaced past the two projections thereon so that, as the projections are passed, the indicating signals are generated and to cause the indicating or recording device to provide an indication or recording corresponding to the stretching. of the predetermined force.

Anordningen for utfOrande av sattet enligt uppfinningen liar organ for strackning av en provkropp, och anordningen kannetecknas darav, att den har en stralningssandare och en stralningsmottagare, vilka aro fast anord nade i forhMlande till varandra, att stralningssandaren och stralningsmottagaren aro anordnade gemensamt forskjutbara i fOrhallande till provkroppen forbi tva pa provkroppen pa. avstand fran varandra anordnade utskott, att stralningsmottagaren ar anordnad att alstra en indikerings signal varje gang den befinner sig mitt for ett utskott pa provkroppen, och att en indikerings- eller registreringsanordning Ar anordnad att paverkas av indikeringssignalerna for att indikera eller registrera en storhet, som ar proportionell mot strackningen av provkroppen. The device for carrying out the set according to the invention comprises means for stretching a test body, and the device can be characterized in that it has a radiation emitter and a radiation receiver, which are fixedly arranged in relation to each other, that the radiation transmitter and the radiation receiver are arranged jointly displaceable in the test body past two on the test body on. spaced apart means that the radiation receiver is arranged to generate an indication signal each time it is in the middle of a projection on the specimen, and that an indicating or recording device is arranged to be influenced by the indicating signals to indicate or register a quantity which is proportional to the stretching of the specimen.

Uppfinningen skall i det foljande narmare beskrivas med hjalp av nagra utforingsexempel pa en provningsapparat enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 1 visar en strackningsapparat, som kan utnyttjas vid utforandet av sattet enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 2 visar en matapparat enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 3 visar ett kopplingsschema for en annan utforingsform av matapparaten enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 4 visar schematiskt en ytterligare utforingsform av matapparaten enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 5 visar annu en utforingsform av en matapparat enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 6 visar en provkropp, som utnyttjas vid utforandet av sattet enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 7 visar en sektion langs linj eni fig. 6. The invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of some exemplary embodiments of a test apparatus according to the invention. Fig. 1 shows a stretching apparatus which can be used in carrying out the set according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows a feeding apparatus according to the invention. Fig. 3 shows a wiring diagram for another embodiment of the feeding apparatus according to the invention. Fig. 4 schematically shows a further embodiment of the feeding apparatus according to the invention. Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of a feeding apparatus according to the invention. Fig. 6 shows a test piece which is used in the design of the set according to the invention. Fig. 7 shows a section along the line in Fig. 6.

Vid den i fig. 1 visade apparaten inspannes en provkropp 10, som har tva utskott 11, 12, i en fast anordnad klamma 13 och i en rorligt anordnad klamma 14. Klamman 14 ar fastsatt pa anden av en axiellt f8rskjutbar slang 15, vars tvarsektion bar formen av en sexhOrning. Stangen 15 ar styrd av lager 16 och har intill klamman 14 ett Ora 17. 1 orat 17 ar fast ett tunt snore 18, som stracker sig thugs stangen och gar Over en brytskiva 19. Vid snorets 18 fria ande ar en vikt 20 fastsatt. In the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, a specimen 10 having two projections 11, 12 is clamped in a fixed clamp 13 and in a movably arranged clamp 14. The clamp 14 is fixed to the end of an axially displaceable hose 15, the cross section of which bore the shape of a hexagon. The rod 15 is guided by bearing 16 and has next to the clamp 14 an Ora 17. 1 orat 17 is fixed a thin cord 18, which extends thugs the rod and goes Over a breaking disc 19. At the free spirit of the cord 18 a weight 20 is attached.

Stangens 15 fria ande har en avsats 21, och pa denna avsats vilar en hake 22 med en 2— — avsats 23. Haken 22 är ledbart forbunden Hied en kuggstang 24. Kuggstangen 21 star I ingrepp med ett kugghjul 25, som Over en. axel 26 star i forbindelse med ett andra kugghjul 27. Kugghjulet 27 star i ingrepp med en andra kuggstang 28, som utgor den fria An-den av en. kolvstang i en hydraulisk cylinder 29. Den. hydrauliska cylindern 29 tillf8res tryckmedium frau en icke visad tryckkalla. The free spirit of the rod 15 has a ledge 21, and on this ledge rests a hook 22 with a 2— - ledge 23. The hook 22 is hingedly connected to a rack 24. The rack 21 is engaged with a gear 25, which over one. shaft 26 stands in connection with a second gear 27. The gear 27 engages a second gear 28, which forms the free second of one. piston rod in a hydraulic cylinder 29. The. the hydraulic cylinder 29 is supplied with pressure medium from a pressure source (not shown).

Mot hakens 22 oversida vilar ett manoverdon 30 med en glidskena 31. Glidskenan 31 är fastsatt pa. den ena anden av en vipparm 32, vars andra ande ar forbunden med en vridhart lagrad axel 33. Axeln 33 har en ytterligare vipparm 34, som i forhallande till vipparmen 32 utskjuter frau axeln 33 At motsatt hall. Vid armens 34 fria ande ar fast en dragfjader 35, som Ar forankrad vid strackningsapparatens stativ. Fjodern 35 paverkar armen 34 i en sadan riktning, att glidskenan 31 pressas mot haken 22. Axeln 33 har awn ett utskott 36, som paverkar en stromstallare 37. Under haken 22 dr anordnad en stang 38, som stracker sig Ifings med kuggstangen 24. Stangen 38 dr forsedd med tvargaende ribbor 39, och stangen är axiellt forskjutbar. Mot den ena anden av stangen anligger en tryckfjader 40, som vilar mot ett fast anslag 41. Against the upper side of the hook 22 rests an actuator 30 with a slide rail 31. The slide rail 31 is attached to. one end of a rocker arm 32, the other end of which is connected to a rotatably mounted shaft 33. The shaft 33 has a further rocker arm 34 which, in relation to the rocker arm 32, projects from the shaft 33 at opposite directions. Attached to the free spirit of the arm 34 is a tension spring 35, which is anchored to the stand of the tensioner. The spring 35 acts on the arm 34 in such a direction that the slide rail 31 is pressed against the hook 22. The shaft 33 has a projection 36 which acts on a switch 37. Under the hook 22 there is arranged a rod 38 which extends Ifings with the rack 24. The rod 38 dr provided with transverse ribs 39, and the rod is axially displaceable. Against one end of the rod abuts a compression spring 40, which rests against a fixed abutment 41.

I fig. 2 visas en utforingsform av en matapparat enligt uppfinningen. Matapparaten har en stralningssandare 50 och en stralningsmottagare 51. Stralningssandaren 50 och stralningsmottagaren 51 dro fast forbundna med varandra. Vid den visade utforingsformen utgores stralningssandaren 50 av en ljuskalla och stralningsmottagaren 51 av en. fotocell, men det Ar uppenbart, att andra organ kunna anvandas for dessa andamal. Ljuskallan 50 och fotocellen 51 dro fast forbundna med en kuggstang 52,vars kuggar sta i ingrepp med ett kugghjul 53. Kugghjulet 53 dr fast forbundet med en axel 54. Axeln 54 fir forbunden med ett ytterligare kugghjul 55, som i sin tur star i ingrepp med en andra kuggstang 56. Kuggstangen 56 utgores av den fria anden av en kolvstang till en hydraulisk cylinder 57. Cylindern 57 dr forbunden med en icke visad tillfOrselkAlla for tryckmedium. Axeln 54 dr aven forbunden med den ena kopplingshalvan i en magnetisk koppling 58. Den magnetiska kopplingens 58 andra kopplingshalva är forbunden med en axel 59. Axeln 59 dr bromsbelastad medelst en broms 60, som bestar av en friktionsskiva 62 och en tvaarmad vipparm 63, soin ar vridbart Iagrad pa en axel 64 och som dr fast forbunden med en fjader 65 vid sin ena dude och trycker mot friktionsskivan 62 med sin andra ande. Fjadern 65 dr fiirankrad i matanordningens stativ. PA axelns 59 fria ande dr fastsatt en visare 66, som utvisar axelns 59 vridningslage pa en visaretavla 67. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a feeding apparatus according to the invention. The feeding apparatus has a radiation transmitter 50 and a radiation receiver 51. The radiation transmitter 50 and the radiation receiver 51 are firmly connected to each other. In the embodiment shown, the radiation emitter 50 is constituted by a light source and the radiation receiver 51 by one. photocell, but it is obvious that other organs can be used for these purposes. The light source 50 and the photocell 51 are fixedly connected to a rack 52, the teeth of which are engaged with a gear 53. The gear 53 is fixedly connected to a shaft 54. The shaft 54 is connected to a further gear 55, which in turn is engaged. with a second rack 56. The rack 56 is formed by the free spirit of a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 57. The cylinder 57 is connected to a supply medium (not shown) for pressure medium. The shaft 54 is also connected to one coupling half in a magnetic coupling 58. The other coupling half of the magnetic coupling 58 is connected to a shaft 59. The shaft 59 is brake-loaded by means of a brake 60, which consists of a friction disc 62 and a two-armed rocker arm 63, soin is rotatably mounted on a shaft 64 and which is fixedly connected to a spring 65 at one of its ends and presses against the friction disc 62 with its other spirit. The spring 65 is anchored in the stand of the feeding device. Attached to the free spirit of the shaft 59 there is a pointer 66, which shows the rotational stroke of the shaft 59 on a dial 67.

Fotocellen 51 dr Over en ledning 68 for- bunden med en forstarkare 69, vilken i sin tur ar Over en ledning 71 forbunden med en kopplingstillslagningsanordning 72. Anordningen 72 utgores vid den visade utforingsformen av ett vippreld. och Ar anordnad att reglera stromtillforseln till magnetkopplingen 58. Vipprelfiet 72 ar forbundet med den ena polen av en stromkalla Over en ledning 73 och Ar forbundet med _den. ena Auden av magnetkopplingens 58 lindning Over en ledning 74. Den andra Auden av magnetkopplingens 58 lindning Ar forbunden med stromtillforselkallans andra pol over en ledning 75. The photocell 51 is connected via a line 68 to an amplifier 69, which in turn is connected via a line 71 to a switch-on device 72. The device 72 is formed in the embodiment shown by a rocker. and Ar arranged to regulate the power supply to the magnetic coupling 58. The rocker arm 72 is connected to one pole of a current source Over a line 73 and Ar is connected thereto. one Auden of the winding of the magnetic coupling 58 Over a wire 74. The other Auden of the winding of the magnetic coupling 58 Is connected to the other pole of the power supply call over a wire 75.

Arhetssattet for den i fig. 1 och 2 visade anordningen ar foljande: Ndr provkroppen 10 inspants mellan klammorna 13 och 14, igangsattes den icke visade tillforselkallan for tryckmedium, och tryckmedium matas till cylindern 29, sa att kuggstangen 28 forskjutes ut ur cylindern 29. Kugghjulet 27 kommer da att rotera medurs med avseende pa fig. 1. Kugghjulet 27 vrider axeln 26 och saledes aven kugghjulet 25. Kugghjulet 25 forskjuter kuggstangen 24 at hoger med avseende pa fig. 1. Den med vikten 20 belastade stangen 15, som anligger mot haken 22 medfoljer vid forskjutningen av kuggstangen 24, varvid haken 22 forblir upphakad pA stangens 15 avsats 21. Mar jamviktslage uppnatts mellan vikten 20 och spanningen i provkroppen 10, upphor stangens 15 forskjutningsrorelse. Kuggstangen 24 fOrskjutes emellertid vidare, och haken 22 kommer darfor att fat-la ned frau avsatsen 21. Haken kommer da att upphakas pa en av sta.ngens 38 tvarghende ribbor 39, och haken kommer att medbringa stangen 38 mot tryckfjaderns 40 verkan. Da. haken 22 faller ned fran avsatsen 21, kommer fj ddern 35 att bringa glidskenan 31 att rora sig nedat, varfor axeln 33 vrides medurs. Stromstallaren 37 kommer da aft tillslas och paverka ett tidsfordrojningsreld, som igangsatter matanordningens drivorgan. Sedan en viss lid farlupit, startas matanordningens drivorgan, varvid tryckmedium till-fares bakom den hydrauliska cylinderns 57 kolv, sO. att kuggstangen 56 forskjutes ut ur cylinder.. Darvid kommer kugghjulet 55 att rotera och medbringa axeln 54 och kugghjulet 53 i rotationen. Kugghjulet 53 forskjuter kuggstangen 52 at hoger med avseende pit fig. 2. Hallaren for ljuskallan 50 och fotocellen 51 kommer dd. att flirskjutas lfings den strackta provkroppen 10. Da hallaren passerar provkroppens utskott 11, alstrar fotocellen 51 en puls, som fOrstarkes av forstarkaren 69 och paverkar vippreldet 72, sa att detta tillslOr magnetkopplingen 58. Magnetkopplingen 58 kommer cla att sammankoppla axlarna 54 och 59, sa. att visaren 66 vrides mot verkan av bromsen 61. Mr hallaren for ljusMilan 50 och fotocellen 51 passerar utskottet 12 pa. provkroppen, alstrar fotocellen annu en puls, som forstarkes av forstarkaren 69 — —3 och paverkar vipprelaet 72, sa att detta bryter stromtillforseln till magnetkopplingen 58. Darvid franslas magnetkopplingen 58 och frikopplas axeln 59 fran axeln 54. Axeln 59 upphor- att rotera genom att den ar bromspaverkad, och. visaren 66 stannar saledes i axelns 59 nya vridningslage. Visaren 66 kommer saledes att pa visaretavlan 67 utvisa en .storhet, som ar proportionell mot strackan mellan provkropp ens utskott 11 och 12. Genom att pa lampligt satt gradera visaretavlan 67 kan visaren 66 bringas att direkt utvisa den procentuella strackningen av provkroppen 10. The working method of the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is as follows: When the test body 10 is clamped between the clamps 13 and 14, the supply medium for pressure medium (not shown) is started, and pressure medium is fed to the cylinder 29, so that the rack 28 is displaced out of the cylinder 29. 27 will then rotate clockwise with respect to Fig. 1. The gear 27 rotates the shaft 26 and thus also the gear 25. The gear 25 displaces the gear 24 to the right with respect to Fig. 1. The rod 15 loaded with the weight 20, which abuts against the hook 22 accompanies the displacement of the rack 24, the hook 22 remaining hooked onto the ledge 15 of the rod 15. However, when the weight is reached between the weight 20 and the tension in the test body 10, the displacement movement of the rod 15 ceases. However, the rack 24 is further displaced, and the hook 22 will therefore fall down from the ledge 21. The hook will then be hooked onto one of the transverse ribs 39 of the rod 38, and the hook will carry the rod 38 against the action of the compression spring 40. Yes. the hook 22 falls down from the ledge 21, the spring 35 will cause the slide rail 31 to move downwards, for which reason the shaft 33 is turned clockwise. The current generator 37 will then often be switched on and affect a time delay fire, which activates the drive means of the feeding device. After a certain amount of danger, the drive means of the feeding device are started, whereby pressure medium is supplied behind the piston, s0 of the hydraulic cylinder 57. that the gear 56 is displaced out of the cylinder. Thereby, the gear 55 will rotate and bring the shaft 54 and the gear 53 into rotation. The gear 53 displaces the rack 52 that is higher with respect to the pit Fig. 2. The holder for the light source 50 and the photocell 51 comes dd. As the holder passes the protrusion 11 of the specimen, the photocell 51 generates a pulse which is amplified by the amplifier 69 and acts on the rocker fire 72, so that this turns on the magnetic coupling 58. The magnetic coupling 58 will claw interconnect the shafts 54, . that the pointer 66 is turned against the action of the brake 61. Mr. the holder for the light Milan 50 and the photocell 51 passes the committee 12 pa. the test body, the photocell generates another pulse, which is amplified by the amplifier 69-3 and acts on the rocker relay 72, so that this interrupts the power supply to the magnetic coupling 58. Thereby, the magnetic coupling 58 is released and the shaft 59 is disengaged from the shaft 54. The shaft 59 ceases to rotate it is brake-operated, and. the pointer 66 thus stops in the new rotational stroke of the shaft 59. The pointer 66 will thus show on the dial 67 a quantity which is proportional to the distance between the test pieces 11 and 12. By grading the dial 67 appropriately, the pointer 66 can be made to directly show the percentage stretch of the specimen 10.

Den i fig. 1 och 2 visade anordningen kan f5rses med organ, som, da hallaren for ljuskallan 50 och fotocellen 51 passerar provkroppens andra utskott 12, avbryter tillforseln av tryckmedium till cylindrarna 57 och 29, varefter anordningen kan aterstallas till utgangslaget for hand. Det ãr aven mojligt att inkoppla organ, som aterfora anordningen autonmtiskt till utgangslaget, sedan ljuskallan 50 och fotocellen 51 passerat utskotlet 12. The device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 can be provided with means which, when the holder for the light source 50 and the photocell 51 passes the second projection 12 of the specimen, interrupts the supply of pressure medium to the cylinders 57 and 29, after which the device can be restored to the output layer by hand. It is also possible to connect means which automatically return the device to the output layer after the light source 50 and the photocell 51 have passed the projection 12.

I fig. 3 visas kopplingsschemat for en annan utforingsform av matapparaten. Den i fig. 3 visade matapparaten kan anvandas tillsammans med den i fig. 1 visade strackningsanordningen. I kopplingsschemat ingar lam-pan 50 och fotocellen 51 samt stromstallaren 37, som visas i fig. 1. Stromstfillaren. 37 fir anordnad att bryta och sluta en manoverstrOmkrets, och da den tillslas, paverkas ett tidsfordrojningsrela 100, som efter en viss lid ansluter en motor 101 till huvudstromkallan 102. Motorn 101 utgor en ersattning for den hydrauliska cylindern 571 fig. 2 och driver salunda lampan 50 och fotocellen 51, sa att dessa farskjutas kings provkroppen 10 forbi utskotten 11 och 12 ph denna. Motorn. 101 är ansluten till huvudstr5mkallan Over tva ledningar 103 och 104, och 1 dessa led-finger fir tidsfordr8jningsrelfiet 100 inkopplat. Lampan 50 är ansluten till huvudstromMilan 102 Over tva ledningar 105 och 106. Lampan 50 är anordnad att rikta en smal ljusstrale mot fotocellen 51. Da ljuskallan 50 och fotocellen 51 passera ett av utskotten 11, 12, avbryter detta momentant belysningen av fotocellen, varvid denna alstrar en indikeringssignal. Fotocellen 51 ãr Over en ledning 107 forbunden med en forstarkare 108, som Or ansluten till huvudstromkallan 102 Over tva. ledningar 109 och 110. Signalen fran fotocellen 51 forstarkes i forstarkaren 108 och matas fran denna Over en ledning 111 till ett vipprela 112. En motor 113 Or kopplad till huvudstromkallan, och denna motor driver med konstant hastighet ett visareinstrument 114 med hjalp av en axel 115. Motorn 113 Or ansluten till huvudstronakallan Over tva. ledningar 116 och 117. I ledningen 116 är vipprelaet 112 inkopplat, sa att vipp relaet kan bryta och sluta stromtillforseln till motorn 113. Vipprelaet Or sadant, att det sluter stromkretsen till motorn 113, da lam-pan och fotocellen passerar forbi provkroppens utskott 11, och att det bryter stronatillforseln till motorn 113, nar lampan 50 och fotocellen 51 passera utskottet 12 pa provkroppen. Fig. 3 shows the wiring diagram for another embodiment of the feeding apparatus. The feeding apparatus shown in Fig. 3 can be used together with the stretching device shown in Fig. 1. The wiring diagram includes the lamp 50 and the photocell 51 as well as the current switch 37, which is shown in Fig. 1. The current filler. 37 is arranged to break and close a control circuit, and when it is turned on, a time delay relay 100 is actuated, which after a certain time connects a motor 101 to the main power source 102. The motor 101 forms a replacement for the hydraulic cylinder 571 Fig. 2 and thus drives the lamp 50 and the photocell 51, so that these are pushed the king's specimen 10 past the projections 11 and 12 ph. The engine. 101 is connected to the main power supply Over two lines 103 and 104, and in these lead fingers the time delay relay 100 is connected. The lamp 50 is connected to the main current Milan 102 over two lines 105 and 106. The lamp 50 is arranged to direct a narrow beam of light towards the photocell 51. When the light source 50 and the photocell 51 pass one of the projections 11, 12, this momentarily interrupts the illumination of the photocell. generates an indication signal. The photocell 51 is connected via a line 107 to an amplifier 108, which is connected to the main power supply 102 above two. lines 109 and 110. The signal from the photocell 51 is amplified in the amplifier 108 and fed from it over a line 111 to a rocker relay 112. A motor 113 Or is connected to the main power source, and this motor drives at a constant speed a pointer instrument 114 by means of a shaft 115. The engine 113 Or connected to the main throne call Over two. lines 116 and 117. In line 116, the toggle relay 112 is connected, so that the toggle relay can break and stop the power supply to the motor 113. The toggle relay is such that it closes the circuit to the motor 113, as the lamp and photocell pass the sample body 11, and that it breaks the strona supply to the motor 113 when the lamp 50 and the photocell 51 pass the projection 12 on the specimen.

Funktionen av den schematiskt visade matapparaten Or foljande: Nar provkroppen 10 strackts och jamviktslage uppnatts mellan provkroppen och vikten 20 (se fig. 1), faller haken 22 ned frau avsatsen 21 ph stangen 15, varvid stromstallaren 37 slutes. Stromstallaren 37 paverkar dO tidsfordrojningsrelaet 100, sa att detta efter en viss tid ansluter motorn 101 till huvudstrOmkallan. 102. Motorn 101 starter och forskjuter lampan 50 och fotocellen 51 med konstant hastighet langs provkroppen forbi utskotten pa denna. DO lampan 50 och fotocellen 51 passerar det forsta utskottet 11 ph provkroppen, brytes ljusstralen frail lampan till fotocellen, och fotocellen alstrar en puls, som forstarkes i forstarkaren 108 och anvandes for att paverka vipprelaet 112, O. att detta sluter stromkretsen till motorn 113. Motorn 113 startar och driver visareinstrumentet 114 med konstant hastighet. Nar fotocellen och lampan passera det andra utskottet 12 pa provkroppen,alstras en ny puls, som ph.verkar vipprelaet 112, sh. att detta bryter stromtillforseln till motorn 113, varvid denna och sOledes Oven visareinstrumentet 114 stannar. Visareinstrumentet 114 kommer saledes att utvisa en storhet, som Or proportionell mot avstandet mellan de tvh utskotten 11, 12 pa den strackta provkroppen. Om avstandet mellan utskotten ph. den joke strackta provkroppen standardiseras, kan visareinstrumentets 114 visaretavla graderas sa, att den procentuella strackningen kan direkt utlasas. Function of the Schematically Displayed Apparatus Or as follows: When the specimen 10 is stretched and equilibrium is reached between the specimen and the weight 20 (see Fig. 1), the hook 22 falls off from the ledge 21 ph the rod 15, closing the current switch 37. The current switch 37 acts on the time delay relay 100, so that after a certain time it connects the motor 101 to the main power source. 102. The motor 101 starts and displaces the lamp 50 and the photocell 51 at a constant speed along the specimen past the projections thereon. The DO lamp 50 and the photocell 51 pass the first projection 11 ph of the test body, the light beam from the lamp is refracted to the photocell, and the photocell generates a pulse which is amplified in the amplifier 108 and used to actuate the toggle relay 112, closing the circuit to the motor 113. The motor 113 starts and drives the pointer instrument 114 at a constant speed. When the photocell and the lamp pass the second projection 12 on the specimen, a new pulse is generated, which acts on the rocker relay 112, sh. that this interrupts the power supply to the motor 113, whereby this and thus the pointer instrument 114 stops. The pointer instrument 114 will thus exhibit a magnitude proportional to the distance between the two projections 11, 12 on the stretched specimen. If the distance between the committees ph. the joke stretched specimen is standardized, the dial of the pointer instrument 114 can be graded so that the percentage of stretching can be read out directly.

Fig. 4 visar en ytterligare utforingsform av en matapparat, som kan anvandas tillsammans med den i fig. 1 visade strackningsapparaten. Lampan 50 och fotocellen. 51 Oro liar fastsatta pa en kuggstang 125, som motsvarar kuggstangen 52 i den i fig. 2 visade matapparaten. Kuggstangen 125 Or forsedd med magnetiska inlagg 126, som aro fordelade langs kuggstangen 125. Kuggstangen star i ingrepp med ett kugghjul 127, som drives av en motor 128, som motsvaras av motorn 101 i fig. 3. Kuggstangen 125 stracker sig genom en magn.etisk avlasningsanordning 129, som Or anordnad att alstra en puls vane gang ett magnetiskt inlagg 126 fares forbi avlasningsanordningens kannarehuvud. Pulserna forstarkas med en joke visad forstOrkare, och antalet pulser raknas med hjalp av en pulsraknare (dekadraknare) 130. Kopplingschemat for den i fig. 4 visade matapparaten motsvarar i huvudsak kopplingsschemat i fig. 3, varvid vipprelaet 112 anordnas att bryta och sluta 4— — forbindelsen mellan den magnetiska avlasningsanordningen 129 och pulsraknaren 130, sa. att pulsraknaren bringas att rakna det antal magnetiska inlagg, som motsvarar avstandet mellan utskotten 11, 12. Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a feeding apparatus, which can be used together with the stretching apparatus shown in Fig. 1. Lamp 50 and photocell. 51 Concerns are attached to a rack 125 corresponding to the rack 52 of the feeder shown in FIG. Rack 125 Or provided with magnetic inserts 126 distributed along the rack 125. The rack engages a gear 127 driven by a motor 128 corresponding to the motor 101 in Fig. 3. The rack 125 extends through a magnet. ethical unloading device 129, which Or arranged to generate a pulse accustomed to a magnetic insert 126, is passed past the jug head of the unloading device. The pulses are amplified by a joke shown amplifier, and the number of pulses is tracked by means of a pulse counter (decadracker) 130. The wiring diagram of the feeding apparatus shown in Fig. 4 essentially corresponds to the wiring diagram in Fig. 3, the rocker relay 112 being arranged to break and stop. The connection between the magnetic relief device 129 and the pulse counter 130, sa. that the pulse counter is caused to shave the number of magnetic inserts corresponding to the distance between the projections 11, 12.

I fig. 5 visas annu en matapparat, som kan anvandas tillsammans med den i fig. 1 visade strackningsapparaten. Lampan 50 och fotocellen 51 aro fast forbundna med kuggstangen 52, som exakt motsvarar den i fig. 2 visade kuggstangen 52. Kuggstangen 52 in-griper med kugghjulet 53, som är anordnat pa axeln 54. Pa axeln 54 är anbragt kugghjulet 55, som star i ingrepp med kuggstangen 56. Kuggstangen 56 utgores av den fria anden av en kolvstang i den hydrauliska cylindern 57. Pa. axeln 54 ar fastsatt en skiva 140, som har tatsittande hal 141 lungs sin kant. En lampa 142 ar anordnad intill ski-van 140 och riktar en ljusstrale genom halen 141. Pa andra sidan om skivan dr anordnad en fotocell 143, som traffas av ljusstralen fran lampan 142. Fotocellen dr forbunden med en Brstarkare 144 Over en ledning 145. Forstarkaren 144 Or forbunden med en registreringsanordning 146 Over en ledning 147. Fotoeellen 51 ar Over en ledning 148 forbunden med en forstarkare 149, som ferstarker de pulser, som alstras av fotocellen 51, da. denna och lampan 50 passera utskotten 11 och 12 pa provkroppen 10. De forstarkta pulserna fran fotocellen 51 sa.ndas genom en ledning 150 till ett vipprela 151, som kan bryta och sluts. ledningen 147. Vipprelaet 150 är anordnat att ansluta forstarkaren 144 till registreringsapparaten 146, di. fotocellen 51 passerar forbi utskottet 11 pa. provkroppen, och bryta forbindelsen mellan fOrstarkaren 144 och registreringsapparaten 146, nar fotocellen 51 passerar forbi utskottet 12 pa provkroppen. Registreringsapparaten 146 kommer saledes att registrera det antal pulser, som fotocellen 143 alstrar mellan de tva pulserna fra.n fotocellen 51. Genom att skivan 140 roterar, da kuggstangen 52 forskjutes kommer antalet pulser fran fotocellen 143 att vara proportionellt mot strackan mellan utskotten 11 och 12 pa provkroppen. Fig. 5 shows another feeding apparatus which can be used together with the stretching apparatus shown in Fig. 1. The lamp 50 and the photocell 51 are fixedly connected to the rack 52, which corresponds exactly to the rack 52 shown in Fig. 2. The rack 52 engages the gear 53, which is arranged on the shaft 54. On the shaft 54 is mounted the gear 55, which is in engagement with the rack 56. The rack 56 is formed by the free spirit of a piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder 57. Pa. the shaft 54 is fixed to a disc 140, which has a snug-fitting hal 141 lungs its edge. A lamp 142 is arranged next to the disc vane 140 and directs a light beam through the tail 141. On the other side of the disc there is arranged a photocell 143, which is struck by the light beam from the lamp 142. The photocell is connected to a brush amplifier 144 over a wire 145. The amplifier 144 Or connected to a recording device 146 Over a line 147. The photocell 51 ar Over a line 148 connected to an amplifier 149, which amplifies the pulses generated by the photocell 51, then. this and the lamp 50 pass the projections 11 and 12 on the specimen 10. The amplified pulses from the photocell 51 are transmitted through a line 150 to a rocker relay 151, which can break and close. the line 147. The toggle relay 150 is arranged to connect the amplifier 144 to the recording apparatus 146, di. the photocell 51 passes the committee 11 pa. the specimen, and break the connection between the amplifier 144 and the recording apparatus 146 when the photocell 51 passes the projection 12 on the specimen. The recording apparatus 146 will thus record the number of pulses which the photocell 143 generates between the two pulses from the photocell 51. By rotating the disc 140 as the rack 52 is displaced, the number of pulses from the photocell 143 will be proportional to the distance between the projections 11 and 12. on the test body.

I fig. 6 och 7 visas sjalva provkroppen 10. Provkroppen har formen av en relativt tunn gummiremsa, fran vilken utskotten 11 och 12 utskjuta. Utskotten ha en sadan bredd, att de kunna bryta ljusstralen fran lampan 50 och fotocellen 51. Figures 6 and 7 show the specimen 10 itself. The specimen is in the form of a relatively thin rubber strip, from which the projections 11 and 12 project. The projections have such a width that they can refract the light beam from the lamp 50 and the photocell 51.

Det är uppenbart, att manga modifikationer av de visade utforingsformerna kunna goras utan att den i patentanspraken angivna uppfinningstanken frangas. Det ar saledes icke nodvandigt att anordna strackningsapparaten i fig. 1 horisontellt, ty den kan aven anordnas vertikalt. Darvid anbringas vikten 20 direkt pO. stangen 15. Cylindern 29 kan utbytas mot en motor, och de organ, som avkanna, nar ja.mvikt uppnatts mellan vikten 20 och spanningen i provkroppen 10, kunna. givas vilken som heist annan utformning. Magnetkopplingen 58 kan utbytas mot en van- mekanisk koppling, som man8vreras me-deist nagot organ, vilket paverkas av signalerna fran fotocellen 51. It is obvious that many modifications of the embodiments shown can be made without departing from the inventive concept stated in the patent claims. It is thus not necessary to arrange the stretching apparatus in Fig. 1 horizontally, because it can also be arranged vertically. In this case, the weight is applied directly to pO. the rod 15. The cylinder 29 can be exchanged for a motor, and the means sensing, when equilibrium has been reached between the weight 20 and the tension in the test body 10, can. given any other design. The magnetic coupling 58 can be exchanged for a non-mechanical coupling, which is operated by means of some means, which is affected by the signals from the photocell 51.

Manga andra modifikationer kunna vidtagas. Bland annat kunna de magnetiska inlaggen 126 pa stangen 125 utbytas mot utskott, som avkannas med hjalp av exempelvis en ljuskalla och en fotocell pi. ungefar samma satt som utskotten 11, 12 pa provkroppen avkannas. Many other modifications can be made. Among other things, the magnetic inserts 126 on the rod 125 can be exchanged for projections, which are sensed with the aid of, for example, a light source and a photocell. approximately the same way as committees 11, 12 on the specimen are examined.

Claims

Patent claim:

A set for testing rubber material and rubbery material, in which a test specimen (10) of the material to be tested is stretched and the tension is measured, it may be indicated that the test specimen (10), which has a specific cross-sectional area and is provided with two at a certain distance from each other beveled committees (11, 12) are stretched under the influence of a predetermined force and that a radiation transmitter (50) and a radiation receiver (51), which are arranged to generate indication signals and thereby influence an indication or recording device (66, 114, 130, 146), the stretched specimen is jointly displaced past the two projections thereon so as, when the projections are passed, to generate the indicating signals and to cause the indicating or recording device to provide an indication or recording which corresponds to the tension under the influence of the predetermined force.

2. A kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation transmitter (50) and the radiation receiver (51) are displaced along the specimen (10) at a constant speed and that the indication signals are transmitted to the indicating or recording device (114) to cause it to indicate or record a quantity which is proportional to the time interval between the two indication signals and thus to the tension of the specimen under the influence of the predetermined force.

3. A kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radiation transmitter (50) and the radiation receiver (51) are displaced by the lung specimen (10), only after a certain time has elapsed after the specimen has been stretched under the influence of the predetermined force.

Device for performing the set according to any one of patent claims 1-3, which device has means (13, 14, 20) for stretching a specimen (10), characterized in that it has a radiation transmitter (50) and a radiation receiver ( 51), which are arranged in relation to each other, that the radiation transmitter and the radiation receiver are arranged jointly displaceable in relation to the test body (10) past two projections (11, 12) arranged on the test body at a distance from each other, that the radiation receiver (51) is arranged to generate an indication signal each time it is in the middle of a projection (11 or 12) on the specimen (10), and that an indicating or recording device (66, 114, 130, 146) is arranged to be influenced by the indicating signals to indicate or register a quantity, which is proportional to the stretching of the specimen.

Device according to claim 4, characterized by a drive means (101), which is arranged to displace the radiation transmitter (50) and the radiation receiver (51) at a constant speed flings the test body (10) past the two projections (11, 12) thereon. G. A device according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the indicating or recording device is a pointer instrument (114) which has a pointer driven at the constant speed of the instrument, and that the instrument has a means (112) connected to the radiation receiver (51). ), which is arranged to be influenced by the indication signals from the radiation receiver (51) and to start and stop the pointer instrument (114), so that this indicates a quantity which is proportional to the stretching of the specimen.

Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the radiation transmitter (50) and the radiation receiver (51) are fixedly connected to a reference rod (125) and movable jointly therewith, which reference rod extends beyond its length distributed reference layer (126), for which unloading a unloading device (129) Or arranged, as Or connected to the indicating or recording device (130).

Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the radiation transmitter (50) and the radiation receiver (51) are fixedly connected to a rack (52) and displaceable jointly therewith and that a gear (53) engages with the rack and the power transmission is connected with a rotatable part (140) of the indicating or recording device (66, 146).

Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the rotatably connected rotatable part (140) of the indicating or recording device (146) connected to the gear (53) or a disc (140), the edge of which is provided with a series of slides (141). ) and is located between a second radiation transmitter (142) and a second radiation receiver (143), that the second radiation receiver (143) is arranged to generate a pulse each time a hall (141) enters the area between the second radiation transmitter (142) and the second radiation receiver (143), that the second radiation receiver (143) is connected to the indicating or recording part of the indicating or recording device (146), which has one of the indicating starting and stopping means of the radiating receiver (51) displaceable along the test body (10). (151), which Or arranged to initiate and stop the indicating or recording device (146), which Or arranged to indicate or record the number of pulses, generated by the second radiation receiver (143) during the time interval between the two radiation receivers (10) generated by the flake sample receiver (10).

Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the rotatably connected rotatable part of the indicating or recording device (66) connected to the gear (53) is a driving part in a coupling (58), the driven part Or of which is connected to the indicating or indicating or recording part (66) of the recording device and being brake-loaded by means of a brake (61) and that a clutch switch-on device (72) is arranged to be actuated by the indicating signals (51) generated by the radiation receiver displaceable along the specimen (10) to provide drive connection. between the driving and driven part of the coupling (58).

Device according to any one of patent claims 4-10, characterized in that the radiation emitter (50) displaceable by the flake body (10) is a light source and that the radiation receiver (51) displaceable along the test body (10) is a photocell.

Device according to any one of claims 4-11, characterized in that the second radiation emitter (142) is a light source and that the second radiation receiver (143) is a photocell. Cited publications: Patents from Sweden 116,729; United States 2,421,002 Other publications: IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin 2 (1960). No. 5, p. 6.