SE188503C1

SE188503C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE188503C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1963-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: H Schmitt Prioritet begard !ran den 18 oktober 1957 (Forbundsrepubliken Tgskland) Vid kanda fOrfaringssatt for framstallning av formkroppar, sarskilt ihaliga kroppar av konstmaterial, sasom gjutning, pressning, vakuumdjupdragning, tryckning, anvandas for-mar, vilkas utsida — vare sig det är fragan om en helform med patris och matris eller en halvform med patris (formkarna) eller matris (vakuumdragform), som positiv eller negativ eller hada tillsammans — forutbestamma forxngivningen av den formkropp som skall framstallas. Inventor: H Schmitt Priority requested on 18 October 1957 (Federal Republic of Germany) In the field of experience for the production of shaped bodies, especially hollow bodies of art material, such as casting, pressing, vacuum deep drawing, printing, molds are used, the exterior of which is the question of a whole shape with patris and matrix or a half shape with patris (the mold vessels) or matrix (vacuum drawing shape), which are positive or negative or had together - predetermine the shape of the mold body to be produced.

En nackdel harvid är att inre spanningar i materialet eller men eller mindre kraftig minskning av vaggtjockleken intruder, vilket latt kan fora till sprickor och brott. A disadvantage here is that internal stresses in the material or less or less sharp reduction of the rock thickness intrude, which can easily lead to cracks and fractures.

Del enligt uppfinningen foreslagna forfaringssattet och de harfOr anvanda anordningarna hanfora sig till framstallning av formkroppar, sarskilt ihaliga kroppar, av skivor av termoplastmaterial, sasom exempelvis polyvinylklorid, polystyrol och andra polymerisat resp. blandpolymerisat. Part of the process according to the invention and the devices used for the production of moldings, in particular hollow bodies, of sheets of thermoplastic material, such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and other polymers, respectively. mixed polymer.

Fran de kanda forfaringssatten Mr formning av plastskivor skiljer sig glidspdnningsfOrfarandet enligt uppfinningen prineipiellt, emedan det gör sig fullkomligt oberoende av den hittills vanliga uppfattningen av en formgivning medelst formar, dvs. av begreppet positiv eller negativ has ovansidan av formkroppen som skall framstallas. From the known methods of molding plastic sheets, the sliding tensioning method according to the invention differs in principle, since it is completely independent of the hitherto common conception of a design by means of molds, i.e. of the term positive or negative has the upper side of the shaped body to be produced.

Glidspanningsforfarandet enligt uppfinningen kan betecknas som en slags djupdragning med matris och patris som verktyg, och som skiljer Mg frail vad .som vanligen avses med djupdragning darigenom, att dragningen av den plastificerade skivan av termoplast slier utan avkylning genom temperaturdifferenser och utan hinder av formvaggar, medan det plastificerade plastmaterialet yid samverkan mellan patrisens och matrisens, de krokta konturerna alstrade lianter fritt glider eftei- - — over dessa och att spanningen sker i det fria utrymmet mellan dessa kanter. Den slutgiltiga formen hos den framstallda ihaliga kroppen bildas vid ordnandet av plastmaterialet me1. lan matrisens och patrisens mot varandra verksamma vandkonturer, vilka tj dna till riktningsandring av den plastificerade plastskivan. The sliding stress method according to the invention can be described as a kind of deep drawing with matrix and patris as tools, and which differs Mg frail from what is usually meant by deep drawing in that the drawing of the plasticized sheet of thermoplastic slides without cooling through temperature differences and without obstruction of mold walls, while the plasticized plastic material yid the interaction between the patrician and the matrix, the curved contours generated liants free glide eftei- - - over them and that the tension takes place in the free space between these edges. The final shape of the produced hollow body is formed by the arrangement of the plastic material me1. the mutually effective water contours of the matrix and the patrix, which serve to change the direction of the plasticized plastic sheet.

Uppfinningen NIA& sig vidare till anordningar f8r utovning av detta forfaringssatt. Som verktyg tjana matriser och patriser, vilka overensstamma mad den ihdliga kroppen, som skall framstallas, i sadan man, att hada ha tillsammans de riktningsbestammande mattriktiga kanterna, vilka bilda vandkonturerna. I anordningen enligt uppfinningen anvandas endast i varandra skjutbara oppna ramar, resp. ramstativ, vilka aro anordnade i och vid varandra och komma till verkan samtidigt eller efter varandra. Formningen av skivan av termoplast sker genom att skjuta dessa ibâliga ramar, resp. ramstativ i varandra. Vid formningsforloppet glider del plastificerade materialet ut ur zonerna med materialOverskott och fastspannes resp. inklammes forst vid avslutningen av formningsforloppet. The invention further relates to devices for practicing this method. Matrices and patricians, which correspond to the solid body to be produced, in such a way as to have together the direction-determining mat-like edges, which form the water contours, serve as tools. In the device according to the invention only open frames slidable into each other are used, resp. frame stands, which are arranged in and next to each other and come into effect simultaneously or one after the other. The formation of the sheet of thermoplastic takes place by sliding these flexible frames, resp. frame racks in each other. During the forming process, some of the plasticized material slides out of the zones with excess material and is clamped resp. is first clamped at the end of the forming process.

Under formningen av den ursprungligen plana genom uppvarnming plastificerade ski-van har materialet full rorelsefrihet mellan ramstativen och kan obehindrat rora sig sal/al positivt som negativt genom vaggar och tvarsnitt aven genom veckling, tills det slutligen spannes over ramens kantkonturer som en skarm. During the formation of the originally flat plate heated by heating, the material has full freedom of movement between the frame stands and can freely move hall / al positively or negatively through cradles and cross-sections also through folding, until it is finally stretched over the edge contours of the frame as a screen.

Omvant kunna ramens kantkonturer med minsta friktionsmotstand glida in i skivmate7 rialet, varvid enl. principen far minsta mot= stand material i forvag forbrukas ur Overskottszonerna med bibehallande av material:. tjoCkleken, innan Over huvud taget nagon rainskning av skivtjockleken till och med i 2--— hornen kunde intrada till foljd av den enhetJiga jamna glidspanningsdragningen, isynnerhet som man kan arbeta vid lagre tempera-hirer, som annars aro erforderliga vid djupdragning. Conversely, the edge contours of the frame with the least frictional resistance can slide into the board material, whereby acc. the principle has the least resistance = material in advance is consumed from the surplus zones while retaining material :. the thickness, before any reduction in the disc thickness even in the 2 - horns could occur as a result of the uniform smooth sliding tension, especially as one can work at lower temperatures, which are otherwise required for deep drawing.

Icke heller flagon avkylning av det plastificerade materialet mot vaggarna i formar, vilka enl. forfaringssattet ha lagre temperatur, kan intrada under formningsforloppet. Nor flake cooling of the plasticized material against the cradles in molds, which according to the procedure set have lower temperature, may intrada during the molding process.

Den ringa varmekapaciteten hos ramkonturerna — sarskilt vid den foreslagna anvandningen av varmeisolerande, resp. varme ledande, icke metalliskt material — ger en jamn avkylning och stelnande av det praktiskt tag.et i tomt eller fritt utrymme spanda termoplastmaterialet vid helt och ballet jamn spanndragning och armed frihet fran inre spanningar. Harigenom framkomma icke langre de hittills ofta oforklarliga senare upptradande skadorna, som visa sig som sprickor och brottstallen till och med pa oanvanda formdelar. Verkningssattet hos det enligt uppfinningen foreslagna fOrfaringssattet framtrader sarskilt tydligt, da spanndragningen av det termoplastiska materialet sker i mer an tva plan, dvs. cm forutom den enkla dragningen av den ihaliga ramen resp. kantkroppen i dragramen en ytterligare ram, vilken ar forbunden pa lampligt salt med den ihaliga ramen eller kan komma till verkan skild Iran denna, spanner Over en tredje ramkaiit i motdragning . mot den ihaliga ramens verkiiingsriktning och sedan fastklammes i bockat tillstand for att sakert kunna avsluta en ytterligare efterglidning av materialet fran de yttre kantzonerna. The low heat capacity of the frame contours - especially in the proposed use of heat insulating, resp. heat conductive, non-metallic material - provides an even cooling and solidification of the practical tag.et in empty or free space tuck the thermoplastic material at completely and ballet even tension and armed freedom from internal stresses. As a result, the hitherto often inexplicable later-occurring injuries no longer appear, which appear as cracks and fractures, even on unused molded parts. The mode of action of the method of proposition proposed according to the invention is particularly clear, since the tensioning of the thermoplastic material takes place in more than two planes, ie. cm in addition to the simple drawing of the ihaliga frame resp. the edge body of the draft an additional frame, which is connected on light salt with the hollow frame or can come into effect separate Iran this, spans Over a third frame kait in contraction. against the direction of action of the hollow frame and then clamped in the bent condition in order to be able to safely finish a further sliding of the material from the outer edge zones.

Den vid kylningen av plastmaterialet intradande krympningen, -vilken annars liar varit mest storande, okar den Onskade strama spanningen mellan ramens spannkonturer. The shrinkage which occurs during the cooling of the plastic material, which is otherwise most disturbing, increases the desired tight tension between the tension contours of the frame.

. For att vid efterglidning undvika kastning eller veckbildning av de yttre kantzonerna hos den i forvag jamnt uppvarmda skivan, vilket alltefter formgivningen kan ske olika kraftigt pa olika stallen, kan en slitstyrning vara anordnad utanfor dragramens innerkant, vilken lampligen ligger utanfor planet for dragramens innerkant, f8r att redan fran borjan vid den ihaliga ramens inforande pa plastmaterialet en spanadrag,ning skall utOvas mot dragramens overkant, utan att dock hindra en jamn efterglidning. . In order to avoid throwing or creasing of the outer edge zones of the pre-heated even disc, which can take place differently depending on the design in different places, a wear guide can be arranged outside the inner edge of the drawer, which suitably lies outside the plane of the inner edge of the drawer, for that from the very beginning, when the hollow frame is inserted on the plastic material, a spade pull should be applied to the upper edge of the drawer, without, however, preventing a smooth sliding.

Genom olika kombination av flera dylika ram.ar, spannlister, spannstativ osv. i och bredvid varandra och den foreslagna Omsesidiga, sarskilt vertikala forskjutbarheten for onskat andlage och utbytbarhet av ramen kunna med de enklaste medel godtyckligt for-made kroppar framstallas, salunda kunna exeMpelvis med samma ramelement ihaliga kroppar med olika djup framstallas. Through various combinations of several such frames, cornices, tension racks, etc. in and next to each other and the proposed Reciprocal, especially vertical displaceability of the desired surface and interchangeability of the frame can be produced with the simplest means arbitrarily shaped bodies, thus it is possible to produce, for example, with the same frame element hollow bodies with different depths.

Aven plastmaterial med fiber- eller vavinEgg kunna med framgang formas. Even plastic materials with fiber or vavine eggs can be formed with success.

Ph de yttre spannkanternas kanter kunna sarskilda kniv resp. avpressningskanter vara anordnade, vilka avlagsna de uppskjutande materialkanterna hos den framstallda ihaliga kroppen fore, vid eller efter stelnandet, sá att den fardiga ihaliga kroppen kan uttagas utan efterbearbetning. Ph the edges of the outer spans can be separate knife resp. squeezing edges may be provided, which remove the projecting material edges of the produced hollow body before, during or after solidification, so that the finished hollow body can be removed without post-processing.

Forutom dragramen karma hjalpanliggningsytor och hjalpslitsstyrningar vara anordnade eller avlagsnas fore inforandet av den ihaliga ramen. In addition to the drag, karma auxiliary abutment surfaces and auxiliary slot guides may be provided or removed prior to insertion of the hollow frame.

I samband med de ph atfoljande ritning framstallda utforingsexemplen beskrives nedan framstallningen av ett trag med ombockad kant enl. det foreslagna forfaringssattet, varvid fig. 1 visar en langdgenomskarning genom patrisramen, fig. 2 visar densamma sedd uppifran, fig. 3 visar en langdgenomskarning genom matrisramen och fig. 4 visar densamma sedd uppifran. Fig. 5 visar patris- och matrisramar i langdgenomskarning i tva olika langt inf8rda stallningar, fig. 6 visar i perspektiv en patrisram liknande fig. 1 och 2 i mindre skala, fig. 7 visar konstmaterialskivan, som skall formas, i plant utgangstillstand, fig. 8 visar i mindre skala i perspektiv den med den 1 fig. 6 visade samverkande matrisramen enligt fig. 3 och 4 samt fig. 9 visar det framstallda traget med avskuren overskjutande kant. In connection with the accompanying drawings presented in the accompanying drawing, the preparation of a trough with a bent edge according to the proposed method set, wherein Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the partition frame, Fig. 2 shows the same seen from above, Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the matrix frame and Fig. 4 shows the same seen from above. Fig. 5 shows particle and matrix frames in longitudinal section in two different long-introduced stalls, Fig. 6 shows in perspective a particle frame similar to Figs. Fig. 8 shows on a smaller scale in perspective the cooperating matrix frame according to Figs. 3 and 4 shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 shows the projected trough with cut-off excess edge.

I bada utforingsexemplen bestá matris- oar patrisramarna av tra sasom en dalig varmeledare, men de kunna aven framstallas av annat daligt varmeledande eller aven varmeisolerande material. In both exemplary embodiments, the matrix or matrix frames consist of traces such as a poor thermal conductor, but they can also be made of other poor thermal conductive or even heat-insulating material.

Verktygen besta av en undre matrisram 1 med bottenkarna 2 (fig. 3, 4 och 8) i vilken den byre patrisramen 3 (fig. 1, 2 och 6) kan infOras med hjalp av lampliga styrningar 11, 12. Verktygen karma Even anvandas omvant. Saluda kan vid den uppatliggande patrisramen 3 matrisramen 1 inforas med bottenkarnan 2. The tools consist of a lower matrix frame 1 with the bottom vessels 2 (Figs. 3, 4 and 8) in which the upper partition frame 3 (Figs. 1, 2 and 6) can be inserted by means of lamp guides 11, 12. The tools karma are evenly used . Saluda can be inserted with the bottom core 2 at the adjacent patrician frame 3, the matrix frame 1.

F8re inf6randet lagges den tillskurna, plane utgangsplastskivan 2, sasom antydes i fig. 3 pa hogra sidan, lost och ospand pa bottenkarnan 2. Sa snart donna skiva blivit plastificerad genom varmeinverkan och under verkan av sin egen vikt kan sjunka ned Over bottenkarnans tva kanter och slutligen lagga sig mot ramen 1 — som framgar av vanstra sidan I fig. 3 — infores rtu uppifran under anvandningen av styrningen 11, 12 patrisramen 3 under latt tryck, som visas i fig. 5 i tva olika la gen. Prior to insertion, the cut, flat starting plastic sheet 2 is laid, as indicated in Fig. 3 on the right side, loose and unspread on the bottom core 2. As soon as this board has been plasticized by heat and under its own weight can sink over the two edges of the bottom core and finally lie against the frame 1 - which can be seen from the left side In Fig. 3 - the top frame is inserted from above during the use of the guide 11, 12 under light pressure, as shown in Fig. 5 in two different layers.

Fig. 5 visar till vanster, hur vid inforandet av patrisramen forst den for framstallning av den omvikta kanten pa den framstalldaihaliga kroppen (fig. 9) tjanande nedat utskjutande kantvulsten 6 glider kings det plastificerade materialet 5 och darvid drar materialet i det Inc rummet genom formdelarna dels redan spant Over bottenkarnans 2 kantkontur och dels praktiskt utan tvarsnittsmin.skning fran det fria kantpartiet. — —3 I fig. 5 hogra dekn visas slutet av dragforloppet. Forst nu ligger undersidan av patrisramens 3 ytterkant under mellanlagg av plastmaterialet mot matrisramens ovansida, sa att nu alla konturer, mellan vilka materialet spannes aro omsesidigt fixerade, och därigenom bildar rymdformen hos den ihaliga kroppen som skall framstallas. Fig. 5 shows to the left how, on insertion of the patrician frame, the downwardly projecting edge bead 6 serving to produce the folded edge of the projected body (Fig. 9) slides king the plasticized material 5 and thereby pulls the material in the Inc space through the mold parts partly already spanned Over the bottom edge 2 edge contour and partly practically without cross-sectional reduction from the free edge portion. - —3 Fig. 5 shows the end of the drawing process in Fig. 5. Only now does the underside of the outer edge of the matrix frame 3 lie below the intermediate layer of the plastic material against the upper side of the matrix frame, so that now all the contours between which the material is stretched are mutually fixed, thereby forming the spatial shape of the hollow body to be produced.

Pa delta satt uppnas for forsta &igen en materialriktig formning av termoplastiska plastskivor darigenom, att — som entydigt framgar av de askadliggjorda formverktygen — det plastificerade materialet vid dragningen under bibehallande av en praktiskt taget jamn tjocklek obehindrat kan ge efter for den erforderliga Mita spanndragningen och kan flyta efter fran alla materialoverskottszoner, sa att spannandet av den framstallda ihaliga kroppen endast sker mellan ombojnings- resp. kantkonturerna under utnyttjande och utjamning av krympspanningen i sjalva materialet. Kantkonturen 9 och claimed storleken hos utgangsskivan maste alltid valjas sa, att den fardiga ihaliga kroppen (fig. 9) har en tillrackligt stor kant med den i fig. 9 streckat visade konturen 10, med vars hjalp arreteringen av skivans 5 ytterkant sker vid slutet av dragningsforloppet. Denna kant kan antingen avskiljas redan vid dragningen eller senare genom efterbearbetning. In this case, for the first time, a material-correct molding of thermoplastic plastic sheets is achieved in that - as is clear from the non-damaged molding tools - the plasticized material during drawing while maintaining a practically even thickness can yield freely to the required Mita tensioning and can flow. after from all material surplus zones, so that the tensioning of the produced hollow body takes place only between bending resp. the edge contours during utilization and smoothing of the shrinkage stress in the material itself. The edge contour 9 and the claimed size of the output disc must always be chosen so that the finished hollow body (Fig. 9) has a sufficiently large edge with the contour 10 shown in dashed line in Fig. 9, with the aid of which the locking of the outer edge of the disc 5 takes place at the end of the drawing process. This edge can either be separated already during the drawing or later by finishing.

Matrisramen enligt fig. 8 skiljer sig fran matrisramen enligt fig. 2, 3 och 4 darigenom, att Sven bottenkarnan 2 är utformad som ilia-hg ram. Detta utforande Sr sarskilt lampligt, da bottenytan hos halkroppen som skall framstallas har sadan storlek, att framstallningen av bottenkarnan som ihalig ram Sr mojlig. The matrix frame according to Fig. 8 differs from the matrix frame according to Figs. 2, 3 and 4 in that the Sven bottom core 2 is designed as an ilia-hg frame. This design is particularly suitable, since the bottom surface of the sliding body to be produced is of such a size that the production of the bottom core as a hollow frame is possible.

De pa ritningen visade verktygen askadligg6ra endast sjalva principen. The tools shown in the drawing do not harm the principle itself.

Naturligtvis kan Oval patrisen som matrisen besta av flera i varandra arbetande ramar, vilka aro onasesidigt forskjutbara resp. kunna fOras in i varandra med latt tryck samtidigt eller efter varandra. Dessutom kunna vid motsvarande storlek hos skivan — vilket icke visas — hjalpanordningar kunna vara inrattade, som forhindra, att under skivans plastificering denna sjunker ned mer Sn onskvart i det fria ihaliga utrymmet hos de underliggande verktygsdelarna. I detta syfte kunna hjalpramar och hjalpslitsstyrningar vara anordnade pa patrisens och/eller matrisens ytterkanter, med vilkas hjalp exempelvis olika hojder mellan de olika ramclelarna hos dragverktygets underliggande del kunna utjamnas och/ eller en viss bromsverkan uppnas pa den plastificerade materialskivans kanter for att forhindra alltfor snabb efterglidning av materialet vid dragf8rloppet. Of course, the Oval patrician as the matrix can consist of several interoperable frames, which are onaseously displaceable resp. be able to feed into each other with light pressure simultaneously or sequentially. In addition, at the corresponding size of the disc - which is not shown - auxiliary devices may be provided, which prevent that during the plasticization of the disc it sinks more than four quarters into the free hollow space of the underlying tool parts. For this purpose, auxiliary frames and auxiliary slot guides can be arranged on the outer edges of the pad and / or the matrix, by means of which, for example, different heights between the different frame members of the underlying part of the traction tool can be smoothed and / or a certain braking effect is achieved on the plasticized disc. slipping of the material during the traction process.

Claims

Patent claim:

1. Procedure for deep drawing of thermoplastic sheets in a softened state to hollow bodies, especially tragic formations, by means of matrix and particle, characterized in that the drawing process is carried out without the surface having the abutment of the plate against the drawing tools during free sliding of the softened plastic only. as water contours for the pulling direction acting • edges of the matrix and the patris, so that the plastic disc is clamped in the free space from edge to edge of the pulling tools.

2. Apparatus for performing the method set according to claim 1, characterized in that the matrix and the patrix correspond to the hollow body to be produced, only in such a way as to have together comprise the direction-determining mat-like edges which form the water contours.

3. Device according to patent claim 2, characterized in that the matrix with the patrix consists of at least one hollow frame, which are displaceable in relation to each other and interchangeable.

Device according to patent claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the matrix and the partition consist of non-metallic, poorly heat-conducting or heat-insulating material.

5. Device according to any one of patent claims 2-4, characterized in that, on the matrix and / or the partition, cutting or squeezing edges are provided, which separate the protruding edges of the produced hollow body before, during or after the solidification of the material. Anfarda Publications: Patent Offices from Sweden 129 301, 145 979; France 1,102,764; Norway 88 956; Germany 881 732, 882 49

6.