SE187945C1

SE187945C1 -

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Publication number: SE187945C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1963-01-01

Description

KLASS INTERNATIONELLSVENSK G 08 f74 d:8164 PATENT- OCH REGISTRERINGSVERKET Ans. 8782/1958 den 1719 1958Harlin en ritning MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING Co., ST. PAUL, MINN., USA Sammansatt partikel, vilken är reflexreflekterande gentemot infallande ljus jamte satt for dess framstallning ITiopfinnare: P V Palmquist, E L McKenzie och T L Harrington Priorttet begard pan den 18 september 1957 (USA) Foreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till ett aggregat (massa) av hanterbara, mot krossning motstandskraftiga, enskilda, reflexreflekterande partiklar. Varje partikel bestar av en stel karna, som har ett vidhaftande overdrag av ett skikt av sma genomskinliga, sfariska linser och speglande ljusreflekterande organ i optisk forbindning med de lure andarna av de sfariska linserna for att astadkomma en reflexreflektion av infallande ljusstralar, som traffa partikeln, oberoende av den vinkel, i vilken den infallande ljusstralen traffar partiklarna, da de uppbaras i anvandningslage. CLASS INTERNATIONAL SWEDISH G 08 f74 d: 8164 PATENT AND REGISTRATION AGENCY Ans. 8782/1958 on 1719 1958Harlin a drawing MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING Co., ST. PAUL, MINN., USA Composite particle, which is reflective to incident light and set for its manufacture. of manageable, crush-resistant, individual, reflective-reflecting particles. Each particle consists of a rigid core having an adhesive coating of a layer of small transparent, spherical lenses and reflecting light-reflecting means in optical communication with the lurking spirits of the spherical lenses to effect a reflex reflection of incident light rays hitting the particle. regardless of the angle at which the incident light beam strikes the particles as they are carried in the mode of use.

Del reflekterande aggregatet enligt uppfinningen hr sarskilt anvandbart for astadkommande av uppmarksamheten tilldragande, myeket synliga marken for flata, horisontella ytor, exempelvis startbanor for flygplan, vagkanter, vagrefuser och uppdelare for vagbanor, i vilka fall forbattringar av synligheten om natten av en vagbana eller startbana utOver stora avstand dro onskvarda for Marna av fordon, sarskilt forare av automobiler och flygplan. Aggregatet kan aven anvandas for markning av foremal, till exempel brohuvuden, kurvor, trottoarkanter, ledstolpar och sluttande uppdelare for trafikbanor, men aggregatet hr anvandbarast for markning av horisontella ytor, t. ex. vagbanor, for att gra thin synliga Iran langt avstand, och delta resultat kan uppnas i enlighet med uppfinningen Oven under svara forhallanden, t. ex. under r egnp erio der. The reflective unit according to the invention is particularly useful for producing the attention-grabbing, highly visible ground for flat, horizontal surfaces, for example runways for aircraft, ridge edges, ridge fusers and ramps dividers, in which case improving the visibility at night of a rink or runway. great distance dragged onskvara for Marna of vehicles, especially drivers of automobiles and airplanes. The unit can also be used for marking objects, for example bridge heads, curves, curbs, articulated poles and sloping dividers for traffic lanes, but the unit is most useful for marking horizontal surfaces, e.g. lanes, to gra thin visible Iran long distance, and delta results can be achieved in accordance with the invention Above under answer conditions, e.g. under r egnp erio there.

Vid regn Midas en tunn vattenhinna over de horisontella ytorna av en vagbana, och denna vattenhinna reflekterar ljusstralarna frail en automobils stralkastare i sadan grad, att met an omkring 82 % av ljuset frau stralkastarna reflekteras bort frail vagbanan pa ett avstand 'av m eller mera framom automobilen, sA att vagbanan synes obelyst fran auto"- mobilens forarsate. When it rains, a thin water film is formed over the horizontal surfaces of a lane, and this water film reflects the light rays from a car's headlights to such an extent that about 82% of the light from the headlights is reflected away from the lane at a distance of m or more in front. the automobile, so that the lane appears unlit from the auto "- mobile forarsate.

Refuger eller upphajda mittstrangar ph vã-gar, som markerats med det reflekterande aggregatet enligt uppfinningen, f8rbliva emellertid synliga fOr foraren i en automobil under regnperioder utover sA stora avstand som 1m eller mera, sasom skall visas. However, refuges or suspended center strands ph roads marked with the reflective assembly according to the invention remain visible to the driver of an automobile during rainy periods beyond such large distances as 1m or more, as to be shown.

De kanda, flat yta uppvisande konstruktioner, som giva reflexreflektion, aven da de Oro tackta med vatten, hava icke den vidvinklighet, som erfordras for anVandning i horison= tallage pa vagar. Vid marken for horisontella ytor erfordras ytterst stor vidvinklighet f Or att en infallande ljusstrale frau ett fordon, t. ex. en automobil, skall i huvudiak aterkasta i riktning mot personer, som befinna sig i en ljustat kon, vars ax.el i huvudsak sammanfaller med den infallande ljusstralens, och detta är den viktiga egenskapen av reflexreflektion. motsats till tidigare asikter, enligt vilka en reflexreflekterande konstruktion maste ha7 va en flat' yta for att hindra morkldggning till foljd av vatten, giver foreliggande uppfinning en losning pa. problemet med morklaggning till foljd av vatten hos reflexreflekterande konstruktioner utan behov av anvandning av en flat yta. I stallet her det visat sig mojligt att anvanda en knottrig yta, t. ex. en sadan yta, som uppvisas av ett flertal parlor, vilka Oro ungefar till halften inbaddade i ett bindemedel, vilket star i motsats till tidigare fOrmodanden ,om oformagan hos en sadan konstruktion att giva ljustat reflexreflektion, da den Or tackt med en vattenhinna. Elementen av det reflexreflekterande aggregatet enligt uppfinningen och anordningen av dem 2— — for uppnaende av ett dylikt resultat utgora viktiga bestandsdelar av uppfinningen. The known, flat-surface constructions, which give reflex reflection, even when de Oro tackled with water, do not have the wide angle required for use in horizon = tallage on scales. At the ground for horizontal surfaces, an extremely wide angle is required for an incident light beam from a vehicle, e.g. an automobile, should mainly bounce back in the direction of persons, who are in a lighted cone, the axis of which essentially coincides with the incident light beam, and this is the important property of reflex reflection. In contrast to previous views, according to which a reflective reflective construction must have a flat surface to prevent morbidity due to water, the present invention provides a solution. the problem of mother cladding due to water in reflective reflective constructions without the need for the use of a flat surface. In the stable here it has proved possible to use a lumpy surface, e.g. such a surface, which is exhibited by a plurality of pearls, which Oro about half embedded in a binder, which is contrary to previous assumptions, about the inability of such a construction to give bright reflex reflection, when it Or thanked with a water film. The elements of the reflex reflecting assembly according to the invention and the arrangement thereof for achieving such a result constitute important components of the invention.

I vidstrackt betydelse giver emellertid uppfinningen for forsta gangen anvisning om en. praktisk, sammansatt blandning av kraftigt reflexreflekterande partiklar, som aro anvandbara for att astadkomma horisontella ytmarken, vilka aro synliga for personer i en auto-mobil eller foraren av ett flygplan utover stora avstand under bade fuktiga och torra nattforhallanden. Uppfinningen astadkommer aven en ny partikel, som kan hanteras bekvamt och är kraftigt reflexreflekterande oberoende av riktningen for en mot partikeln infallande ljusstrale. Dessutom astadkommer uppfinningen en partikel, som bestar av en kraftig karna, vilken omgives av genomskinliga, sfariska linser, som aro fasta vid karnan och dessutom aro utrustade med myeket sma reflektionsorgan, som ligga inuti konstruktionen och giva kraftig reflexreflektion av en mot partikeln infallande ljusstrale. In the broadest sense, however, the invention provides, for the first time, instructions for a. practical, composite mixture of highly reflective reflective particles, which are useful for creating horizontal surfaces, which are visible to persons in an automobile or the pilot of an aircraft over long distances in both humid and dry night conditions. The invention also provides a new particle which can be handled conveniently and is highly reflective regardless of the direction of a light beam incident on the particle. In addition, the invention provides a particle consisting of a strong nucleus, which is surrounded by transparent, spherical lenses which are fixed to the nucleus and in addition are equipped with very small reflecting means, which lie inside the structure and give strong reflex reflection of a light beam incident on the particle.

Den ljusreflektion, som astadkommes av de sma reflektionsorgan, som ligga under de sfdriska linserna pa de enskilda partiklar, som bilda aggregatet, karaktariseras sasom speglande (i motsats till diffus eller spridande), eftersom ref lektion av spegeltyp dominerar inuti partikelns struktur. Den fOredragna for-men av de sma reflektionsorganen är ett tunt, huvudsak halvsfariskt overdrag av silver eller liknande pa det bakre partiet av den sfariska linsen, dvs. det parti av linsen, som ligger inutipartikelns struktur Uppnaendet av det nildvandiga, optiska och strukturella fOrhallandena i parfiklarna är uppenbarligen ett svart tillverkningsproblem. De sfariska linserna dro utspridda Over ytan av ett underliggande, stenartat karnorgan och aro ungefar till halften inbaddade i ett varaktigt, kemiskt motstandskraftigt, vaderbestandigt och mot losningsmedel motstandskraftigt bindemedel. Eftersom karnan kan hava vitt skilda former och varierande grader av fordjupningar och oregelbundenheter I sin. yta, Egger det ett svart problem i att forse ett sadant kammaterial med ett kraftigt reflexreflekterande overdrag, 1 vilket ett flertal ljusreflekterande, sfariska linser aro orienterade med vardera ett i huvudsak halvsfaxiskt, speglande, ljusreflekterande overdrag pa baksidan eller insidan. F8r att lOsa detta problem pa ett ekonomiskt son, sã att det resulterande aggregatet kan tillhandahallas for ett skaligt pris for omfattande markering pa vagar, komplicerar uppenbarligen ytterligare problemet. En fordel med uppfinningen ãr emellertid, att uppfinningen astadkommer en praktisk losning ph problemet att tillverka aggregatet pa. ett ekonomiskt salt. The light reflection provided by the small reflectors located below the spherical lenses of the individual particles forming the aggregate is characterized as reflective (as opposed to diffuse or scattering), since mirror-type reflection dominates within the structure of the particle. The preferred shape of the small reflection means is a thin, mainly semicircular coating of silver or the like on the rear portion of the spherical lens, i.e. the part of the lens which lies in the structure of the inside particle The attainment of the watery, optical and structural conditions in the particles is obviously a black manufacturing problem. The spherical lenses were scattered over the surface of an underlying, rocky nucleus organ and were approximately half embedded in a durable, chemically resistant, weather-resistant and solvent-resistant adhesive. Because the karnan can have widely differing shapes and varying degrees of depressions and irregularities in its. surface, egger it a black problem in providing such a comb material with a strong reflective coating, in which a plurality of light reflecting, spherical lenses are oriented with each a substantially semi-facsimile, reflecting, light reflecting coating on the back or inside. To solve this problem in an economical way, so that the resulting unit can be provided for a reasonable price for extensive marking on scales, obviously further complicates the problem. An advantage of the invention, however, is that the invention provides a practical solution to the problem of manufacturing the assembly. an economic salt.

Uppfinningen skall beskrivas narmare i det fOljande under hanvisning till bifogade riffling. Fig. 1 och 2 visa schematiskt tvarsekHoner genom partiklar enligt uppfinningen. The invention will be described in more detail in the following with reference to the accompanying corrugation. Figures 1 and 2 schematically show cross-sections through particles according to the invention.

Fig. 3 visar i storre skala det med en linje a—a omgransande partiet i fig. 1 och 2. Fig. visar schematiskt en vagbanas upphOjda mittparti med reflexreflekterande aggregat enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 3 shows on a larger scale the portion delimiting a line a-a in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. Schematically shows the raised middle portion of a carriageway with reflective reflecting units according to the invention.

Ett flertal utforingsformer av uppfinningen skola beskrivas i det foljande genom nagra uppfinningen joke begransande utfOringsexempel, i vilka alla delar aro uttryckta s `Isom viktdelar. A number of embodiments of the invention will be described in the following exemplary embodiments of the invention, in which all parts are expressed as parts by weight.

Exempel 1. Example 1.

Graberg krossades och sallades till en storlek mellan omkring 10 och 20 masker, dvs. skarvor, som voro tillrackligt sma for att ga genom ett 10 maskors sail och som voro tillrackligt stora for att icke ga genom ett 20 maskors sail Omkring 50 kg stenskarvor infOrdes i en betongblandare och blastes med luft for avlagsnande av damm. Till stenskarvorna i blandaren sattes darefter omkring 2 kg av en bindemedelslosning, som bestod av omkring 25 delar epoxihartser och omkring 25 delar polyamidharts, lOsta i omkring 50 delar toluen: Epoxihartser, dvs. hartsartade glycidylpolyetrar, kunna anskaffas kommersiellt och hava I medeltal mer an en 1,2-epoxigrupp i molekylen. De kunna framstallas genom att lata 2,2- bis-(4-hydroxifenol)-propan (bisfenol A) reagera med epiklorhydrin i alkaliska medier vid forhojda temperaturer mom det ungefarliga omradet 50-160° C. Vid reaktionen kan bisfenol A ersattas helt eller delvis med olika andra polyvdtefenoler, t. ex. resorcin eller 2,2- bis-(4-hydroxifeny1)-butan, eller med polyhydroxiforeningar, sasom etylenglykol. Likasa. kunna andra källor for epoxiradikaler an epiklorhydrin anvandas i reaktionen. Sksom de vid framstallning av aggregatet enligt foreliggande exempel an.vanda epoxihartsema anvandes en blandning av lika delar av tva epoxihartser, vilka marknadsforas av Shell Chemical Corporation under handelsnanmen Epon 82fh och »Epon 1001». »Epon 828» är ett flytande epoxiharts, som smaller vid 812° C, har en Gardner-Holt-viskositet vid 25° C av Z5—Z6 och en epoxidekvivalent av omkring 190 till 210. Med andra ord innehalla omkring 190 till 210 g av detta harts en gramekvivalent av epoidd, dvs. oxiransyre. »Epon 1001» dr ett fast epoxiharts (framstallt under anvandning av mindre epoxiradikalkallmaterial i reaktionsblandningen an vid framstallning av flytande epoxihartser), som smatter vid omkring 64-76° C. »Epon 1001» har en epoxidekvivalent av omkring 460-625. Dess farg är upp till ett maximum av 8 pa Gardnerskalan. Graberg was crushed and salted to a size between about 10 and 20 masks, ie. joints which were small enough to pass through a 10 mesh sail and which were large enough not to pass through a 20 mesh sail About 50 kg of stone joints were introduced into a concrete mixer and blasted with air to remove dust. To the stone joints of the mixer was then added about 2 kg of a binder solution, which consisted of about 25 parts of epoxy resins and about 25 parts of polyamide resin, 10 dissolved in about 50 parts of toluene: Epoxy resins, i.e. resinous glycidyl polyethers, can be obtained commercially and have on average more than one 1,2-epoxy group in the molecule. They can be prepared by reacting 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxyphenol) -propane (bisphenol A) with epichlorohydrin in alkaline media at elevated temperatures in the harmless range of 50-160 ° C. In the reaction, bisphenol A can be replaced completely or partly with various other polyhydric phenols, e.g. resorcinol or 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -butane, or with polyhydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol. Likasa. other sources of epoxy radicals other than epichlorohydrin can be used in the reaction. As used in the preparation of the assembly of the present example, the epoxy resins used a mixture of equal parts of two epoxy resins, which are marketed by Shell Chemical Corporation under the tradenames Epon 82fh and "Epon 1001". "Epon 828" is a liquid epoxy resin which narrows at 812 ° C, has a Gardner-Holt viscosity at 25 ° C of Z5-Z6 and an epoxide equivalent of about 190 to 210. In other words, it contains about 190 to 210 g of this resin is one gram equivalent of epoid, i.e. oxiranoic acid. "Epon 1001" contains a solid epoxy resin (prepared using minor epoxy radical cold materials in the reaction mixture than in the preparation of liquid epoxy resins), which melts at about 64-76 ° C. "Epon 1001" has an epoxide equivalent of about 460-625. Its color is up to a maximum of 8 on the Gardner scale.

Polyamidhartset i blandningen reagerar med epoxihartserna for att astadkomma ett hardnande av massan och är additionsprodukten av polymeriserade, langkedjiga fettsyror och polyfunktionella, primdra och sekundara t87945 — aminer. Det i foreliggande exempel anvanda polyamidhartset var ett harts, som kan anskaffas i marknaden under handelsnaranet 2,Versamid 125», vilket harts enligt tillyerkaren, General Mills, Incorporated, angives hava en medelmolekylvikt av 2000, ett syratal av 7 och en Brookfield-viskositet av omkring 45000-55000 cP vid 23° C. The polyamide resin in the blend reacts with the epoxy resins to effect curing of the pulp and is the addition product of polymerized, long chain fatty acids and polyfunctional, primary and secondary t87945 amines. The polyamide resin used in the present example was a resin which can be obtained in the market under commercial no. about 45000-55000 cP at 23 ° C.

Efter tillsattning av lindemedelskisningen till stenskarvorna i betongblandaren blandades satsen, tills i huvudsak all toluen forangats. Under denna blandning blevo stenskarvorna i huvudsak fullstandigt 8verdragna med ett skikt av epoxi- och polyamidblandningen. Under forsta stadiet av blandningen rann losningen av epoxi- och polyamiditartserna over stenskirvorna och hade till och med benagenhet att fororsoka nagon sammanklumpning av de overdragna stenskarvorna. Vid fortsatt blandning brOtos klumparna upp, och efter forangning av losningsmedlet voro hartsoverdragen i onskad grad klibbiga for efterfOljande behandlingssteg men icke sa klibbiga, att klumpbildning uppstod. Det ãr dãrfOr tydligt, att man genom att begagna den beskrivna overdragsmassan och tekniken erhaller klibbiga, overdragna stenskarvor, som joke hopklumpas utan forbliva I enskild partikelform, sasom onska:s. After adding the lindane sketch to the stone joints in the concrete mixer, the batch was mixed, until substantially all of the toluene had evaporated. During this mixing, the stone joints were substantially completely coated with a layer of the epoxy and polyamide mixture. During the first stage of mixing, the release of the epoxy and polyamidite species ran over the stone chips and even tended to cause some agglomeration of the coated stone chips. With continued mixing, the lumps broke up, and after evaporation of the solvent, the resin coatings were undesirably sticky for subsequent treatment steps but not so sticky that lump formation occurred. It is therefore clear that by using the described coating mass and technology, sticky, coated stone joints are obtained, which joke jumble together without remaining in individual particle form, as desired.

Till de klibbiga, overdragna stenskarvorna i blandaren sattes sedan omkring 50 kg sit.- verbelagda glasparlor. Parlorna sjalva voro framstallda av ett genomskinligt glas med ett brytningsindex av omkring 1,92 och en specifik vikt av omkring 3,6. Parlor med en medeldiameter inom ett omrade av omkring 30070 y anvandes. To the sticky, coated stone joints in the mixer were then added about 50 kg of sit.- verbal glass beads. The beads themselves were made of a transparent glass with a refractive index of about 1.92 and a specific gravity of about 3.6. Parlors with an average diameter within a range of about 30070 y were used.

Vid framstallning av de silverbelagda parlorna infordes 600 kg avjoniserat vatten i ett blandningskarl av rostfritt stâl, och 6 kg silvernitrat lostes dari. Darefter tillsattes 150 kg rena parlor, foljt av 13 kg 28 % ammoniak, 21 kg av en 23,8 % vattenlosning av dextros och 21 kg av en 15,8 % vattenlosning av kaliumhydroxid. Innehallet omr8rdes, och reaktion tillats fortskrida under omkring 15 min I blandningskarlet. Darpa halides innehallet I ett filterkarl, i vilket de silverbelagda parlorna uppsamlades och skildes fran 18sningen av anclra ingredienser. Parlorna tvattades darph med vatten och torkades genom vibrering over en upphettad platta. Normalt kunna 150 kg parlor forsilvras i satsen, sasom har beskrivits, men storleken av satsen av parlor, som skola forsilvras, varierar i beroende av parlornas medelstorlek, varvid mindre satser anvandas, ,da parlor med mind-re medeldiameter behandlas. In making the silver-plated beads, 600 kg of deionized water was introduced into a stainless steel mixing vessel, and 6 kg of silver nitrate was lost therein. Then 150 kg of pure beads were added, followed by 13 kg of 28% ammonia, 21 kg of a 23.8% aqueous solution of dextrose and 21 kg of a 15.8% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. The contents were stirred and the reaction was allowed to proceed for about 15 minutes in the mixing vessel. Darpa halides the contents of a filter vessel, in which the silver-plated beads were collected and separated from the mixture of other ingredients. The pearls were washed darph with water and dried by vibration over a heated plate. Normally 150 kg of beads can be silvered in the batch, as described, but the size of the batch of beads to be silvered varies depending on the average size of the beads, with smaller batches being used, as beads with smaller average diameter are treated.

Efter tillsattning av de forsilvrade parlorna till de klibbiga, overdragna stenskarvorna fortsattes blandoing i blandaren end.ast sá lang lid som erfordras for fordelning av de silverbelagda parlorna over den klibbiga ytan av stenskarvorna. De klibbiga hartsytorna pa stenskarvorna fangade snabbt upp parlorna, och mycket ringa blandning erfordrades f Or att effektivt overdraga stenskarvorna med parlorna. Parlorna i Overdraget voro inbaddade ungefar till halften i det klibbiga hartset. After adding the silver-plated beads to the sticky, coated stone joints, mixing continued in the mixer for only the long time required to distribute the silver-plated beads over the sticky surface of the stone joints. The sticky resin surfaces on the stone joints quickly caught the beads, and very little mixing was required to effectively coat the stone joints with the beads. The parlors in the Cover were embedded about halfway in the sticky resin.

Satsen fran blandaren halides darph pa ett 40 maskors sail, dar Rosa parlor, som representera eventuellt Overskott, avlagsnades ge- nom vibrering av sallet,att Visa parlor folio genom detta. Darpa tillats aggregatet aldras vid rumstemperatur under atminstone 24 timmar for att uppna en atxninstone par-. tiell hardning av hartsforbandet. Darpa behandlades aggregatet med en etslosning fOr att avlagsna silveroverdraget fran. de yttre, friliggande parlytoma. The batch from the mixer halides darph on a 40 mesh sail, in which Pink pearls, which represent any Surplus, were removed by vibration of the saddle, to Show pearls folio through it. Allow the unit to age at room temperature for at least 24 hours to achieve an at least one pair. tiell hardening of the resin dressing. Darpa treated the unit with an etching solution to remove the silver coating from. the outer, exposed parlytomas.

For etsning halides aggregatet i en lOsning, som framstallts genom att satta omkring 1,7 kg kaliumbikromat och 6 kg koncentrerad svavelsyra till omkring 200 kg vatten. Efter omkring 20 sekunder avlagsnades etslosningen fran aggregatet, och det etsade aggregatet tvattades med vatten. Det vata aggregatet anbragtes darpa i en ugn och upphettades till omkring 104° C under omkring 16 timmar for torkning av aggregatet och i huvudsak fullstandigt harda hartsbinde8verdraget. bet erhallna, hardade hartsbindeoverdraget var motstandskraftigt mot angrepp av alkalier i den grad, som normalt kan upptrada pa vagar och intilliggande ytor. HartsbindeOverdraget var olosligt i alla vanliga losningsmedel och vaderbestandigt. Hartsbindeoverdraget kvarholl effektivt de sina reflexreflekterande elementen i lage. For etching, the aggregate is halided in a solution prepared by adding about 1.7 kg of potassium bichromate and 6 kg of concentrated sulfuric acid to about 200 kg of water. After about 20 seconds, the etching solution was removed from the assembly, and the etched assembly was washed with water. The wet aggregate was placed in an oven and heated to about 104 ° C for about 16 hours to dry the aggregate and substantially completely hard resin binder. The obtained hardened resin binder coating was resistant to attack by alkalis to the extent that it can normally occur on scales and adjacent surfaces. The resin binder coating was insoluble in all common solvents and weather resistant. The resin binder coating effectively retains its reflex reflective elements in the layer.

Exempel 2. Example 2.

Forfarandet •enligt exempel 1 folj des med undantag for att de forsilvrade parlor, som anvandes i foreliggande fall, voro framstallda under begagnande av genomskinliga glasparlor eller sfariska linser med ett brytningsindex av 2,5, en specifik vikt av 6,1 och en medeldiameter mom omradet 30-70 it. The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that the silver-plated beads used in the present case were made using transparent glass beads or spherical lenses having a refractive index of 2.5, a specific gravity of 6.1 and a mean diameter of mom. range 30-70 it.

Exempel 3. Example 3.

Det i enlighet med exempel 1 framstallda aggregatet blandades med en ungefar lika stor mangd aggregat, som framstallts enligt exempel 2, for att erhalla en sammansatt massa, som kraftigt reflekterade ljusstralar, vilka riktats mot massan under vala eller torra f8rhallanden oavsett ljusstralarnas infallsvinkel. The aggregate prepared in accordance with Example 1 was mixed with an approximately equal amount of aggregate prepared according to Example 2 to obtain a composite mass which strongly reflected light rays directed at the mass during selection or dry conditions regardless of the angle of incidence of the light rays.

Under torra forhallanden giva de reflekterande aggregatpartiklarna enligt exempel 1 effektivt kraftig reflexreflektion av infallande ljusstralar, ()ell i sadana fall, da kraftig reflexreflektion av infallande ljusstralar erfordras under torra forhallanden (t. ex. pa ytor, som skyddas mot regn och Ore horisontella eller bilda vinkel med horisontalplanet), kan aggregatet enligt exempel 1 begagnas en-smut 4— — Da kraftig reflexreflektion onskas under va-- ta forhallanden, t. ex. dâ aggregatet är tackt med en tunn vattenhinna, verkar aggregatet enligt exempel 2 effektivast. In dry conditions, the reflective aggregate particles of Example 1 give effective strong reflection of incident light rays, () or in such cases, as strong reflection of incident light rays is required in dry conditions (eg on surfaces protected from rain and Ore horizontal or form an angle with the horizontal plane), the unit according to example 1 can be used a little 4— - Since strong reflex reflection is desired under wet conditions, e.g. when the unit is covered with a thin water film, the unit according to example 2 works more efficiently.

Den sammansatta blandningen av aggregat enligt exempel 3 giver emellertid kraftig reflexreflektion av ljus under bade vata och torra forhallanden och är sarskilt lamplig att begagna vid markning av sadana foremal som lutande kanter av vagbanor, refuger, gangbanor och brohuvuden. Blandningen kan latt fastas sasom ett oregelbundet, spritt skikt pa sadana ytor genom att begagna vanliga malningsbindemedel sasom medel for fastande av aggregatet pa den lutande ytan, och under olika vata eller torra .forhallanden reflekteras en mot blandningen av aggregatet i godtycklig vinkel infallande ljusstrale sisom en ljustat kon, vars axel i huvudsak sammanfaller med den infallande ljusstralen. However, the composite mixture of aggregates according to Example 3 gives strong reflex reflection of light in both wet and dry conditions and is particularly suitable for use in marking such objects as sloping edges of lanes, refuges, walkways and bridgeheads. The mixture can be easily fixed as an irregular, spread layer on such surfaces by using ordinary grinding binders as means for fixing the unit to the inclined surface, and under different wet or dry conditions a light beam incident on the mixture of the unit is reflected as a lighted cone, whose axis essentially coincides with the incident light beam.

Under begagnande air en aggregatblandning, sasom beskrives i exempel 3, i storleksomraden fran omkring 20 maskor upp till omkring 10 maskor hava startbanor for flygplan gjorts synliga for flygplansforarna pd avstand upp till omkring 4 km genom reflexreflektion av ljusstralar, som harrara fran det flygande flygplanets vingstralkastare. Intet annat, reflekterande markningssystem ar kant att kunna ens narmelsevis uppna ett dylikt resultat. When using an aggregate mixture, as described in Example 3, in the range of about 20 meshes up to about 10 meshes, runways for aircraft have been made visible to the aircraft pilots at distances of up to about 4 km by reflex reflection of light rays . No other, reflective marking system is capable of even achieving such a result.

Exempel 4. Example 4.

Vissa kritiska krav betraffande storleken av det reflekterande aggregatet enligt uppfinningen maste uppfyllas, di aggregatet anvandes for markning av horisontella, i huvudsak flata ytor, t. ex. upphajda mittpartier av vagar, sa att de farbliva synliga far personer i en automobil pa stort avstand under vata fOrhallanden om natten. Aggregatet for detta andamal maste vara atminstone 8 maskor eller storre, dvs. det maste hava en tillrackligt stor dimension far att aggregatet skall kvarlianas och icke ga genom ett omkring 8 maskors sail. Ytterst stora aggregat, I. ex. aggregat med mera an omkring 25 mm medeldiameter, kunna anvandas framgangsrikt for langdistansmarkering av horisontella ytor un-. der regn, men sadana stora dimensioner erbjuda foga eller ingen fardel framfor storlekar mom ett omrade air omkring 2,5 mm medeldiameter upp till en medeldiameter, som narmar sig omkring 25 mm. Dessutom blir hanteringen mindre bekvam i fraga om star-re dimensioner an 25 mm medeldiameter. FOredragna aggregatstorlekar for har ifragavarande andamal ligga mom ett omrade av omkring 2,5 mm till omkring 13 mm medeldiameter. Del torde inses, att uttrycket »medeldiameten har anvandes for att beteckna medelpartikelstorleken, sadan clenna bestammes genom sallning, och forutsatter icke en sann diameter eller ea rent sfarisk form hos par tiklarna. I sjalva verket kan .krossat material, som kan anvandas vid framstallning av aggregatet, hava iilken som heist oregelbunden form, sasom aven framgar av exemplen. Certain critical requirements regarding the size of the reflective assembly according to the invention must be met, in that the assembly is used for marking horizontal, substantially flat surfaces, e.g. raised middle sections of scales, so that they remain visible to people in a car at a great distance during wet conditions at night. The unit for this purpose must be at least 8 meshes or larger, ie. it must have a sufficiently large dimension for the unit to be left untouched and not pass through a sail of about 8 meshes. Extremely large units, I. ex. units with more than about 25 mm average diameter, can be used successfully for long-distance marking of horizontal surfaces un-. there is rain, but such large dimensions offer joint or no part in front of sizes mom an area air about 2.5 mm average diameter up to an average diameter, which approaches about 25 mm. In addition, the handling becomes less convenient in the case of larger dimensions of 25 mm average diameter. Preferred unit sizes for the respective areas have a range of about 2.5 mm to about 13 mm average diameter. It will be appreciated that the term "average diameter" has been used to denote the average particle size such that the clen is determined by screening, and does not presuppose a true diameter or purely spherical shape of the particles. In fact, crushed material, which can be used in the manufacture of the assembly, may have the same as an irregular shape, as is also apparent from the examples.

Betydelsen ay anvandandet av aggregat med en medeldiameter air atminstone omkring 2,5 mm for att Ora horisontella ytor synliga fran en automobil pa stort avstand om natten vid regn askadliggores genom foljande experiment. The importance of using units with an average diameter of air at least about 2.5 mm to make horizontal surfaces visible from an automobile at a great distance at night during rain is damaged by the following experiments.

Aggregat med olika storlekar, sasom angives I tabell A, framstalldes i enlighet med vad som angivits i exempel 2 och utstroddes i varierande koncentrationer enligt vad som an- gives i tabell A pa remsor, vilka voro in langa och 3 dm breda, pa en asfaltvagbana, sedan farst ett malarfargsbindemedel anbragts pa ytan air varje remsa. Sma storlekar av aggregat fastes vail detta malarfargsbindemedel, da det torkade pa den underliggande, horisontella asfaltytan, medan stone storlekar blevo forhallandevis daligt fasta. (Vid starre aggregat kunna starka forband erhallas genom att pressa aggregatet partiellt in i ett smalt asfaltoverdrag). Koncentrationen ay aggregatet ay varje storlek varierades for att astadkomrna ungefar samma reflektionsljusstyrka for vane remsa under regniga nattforhallanden, sasom skall forklaras. Under ett kraftigt regnvader om natten provades den relativa effektiviteten air varje remsa sasom ett langdistansmarke genom att rikta en automobils strMkastare mot remsan (sasom askadliggares i fig. 4). Resultaten angivas i tabell A. Units of different sizes, as indicated in Table A, were manufactured in accordance with the instructions given in Example 2 and were spread in varying concentrations as indicated in Table A on strips, which were long and 3 dm wide, on an asphalt pavement. , after a paint adhesive has been applied to the surface of each strip. Small aggregate sizes were fixed to this paint binder as it dried on the underlying horizontal asphalt surface, while stone sizes became relatively poorly fixed. (For stiffer units, strong joints can be obtained by partially pressing the unit into a narrow asphalt cover). The concentration of the aggregate of each size was varied to provide approximately the same refractive luminosity as usual in rainy night conditions, as will be explained. During a heavy rainstorm at night, the relative efficiency of each strip as a long-distance mark was tested by pointing an automobile's headlight at the strip (as shown in Fig. 4). The results are given in Table A.

Tabell A. Table A.

Det avstan.d, Iran vilket Koneentra-remsan var synlig far Aggregatstorleklion i kgforaren i automobilen per meunder kraftigt regnvader 40-20 maskor 0,30 m 20-10 maskor 0,2275 m 10 maskor till 2,5 mm0,4190 m 2,5-13 mm0,74225 in 13-20 mm1,225 in Pd grundval av det ovanstaende är det tyd- ligt, att en medelstorlek for aggregatet air atminstone omkring 2,5 mm medeldiameter erfordras far synlighet pa en horisontell yta genom reflexreflektion pa ett avstand av 150 in eller mera framfOr en automobil under fuktigt milder. Synlighet av foremal pa ett avstand av 150 m anses allmant av sakerhetsexperterna sasom ett minimumkrav for saker, snabb korning om natten. The distance.d, Iran which Koneentra strip was visible father Aggregate size clion in the kg driver in the car per meunder heavy rain 40-20 meshes 0.30 m 20-10 meshes 0.2275 m 10 meshes to 2.5 mm0.4190 m 2, 5-13 mm0,74225 in 13-20 mm1,225 in On the basis of the above, it is clear that an average size of the unit air of at least about 2.5 mm average diameter is required for visibility on a horizontal surface by reflective reflection at a distance of 150 in or more in front of an automobile under humid milder. Visibility of objects at a distance of 150 m is generally considered by the security experts as a minimum requirement for things, fast grain at night.

I tabell B angivas de ungefaTliga viktproportionema for glasparlor, hartsbindematerial och stenkarnmaterial far aggregatet ay varje partikelstorlek, som begagnats I foregaende prov. Table B shows the approximate weight proportions of glass beads, resin binder material and rock core material for the assembly of each particle size used in the previous test.

— ---, Tabell B. - ---, Table B.

Aggregatstorlek Glas- p5rlor Harts- binds- medel Kdrna 40-20 maskor 36,3 3 60,7 20-10 maskor 17,7 2 80,3 10 maskor till 2,5 mm. 13,6 1,2 85,2 2,5-13 mm 7,3 0,8 91,9 13-20 mm 5,4 0,6 9'4,0 Av tabell B framgar, att en shirre viktmangd av det storre aggregatet erfordras for en kraftig reflexreflektion, som ar teoretiskt nara ekvivalent med den reflexreflektion, som situ!-le uppnas under begagnande av forhallandevis mindre mangder av det mindre aggregatet. Detta är riktigt, eftersom den totala kvantiteten sfariska linser, vilken bestammer mangden aterkastat ljus, fir forhallandevis mindre per viktenhet av de storre aggregaten an per viktenhet av de mindre aggregaten.. Salunda erfordras den av tabell A framgaende variationen av koncentration av aggregat per kvadratyard for att uppná en teoretisk, i huvudsak ekvivalent reflexreflektion Iran van j e remsa. Unit size Glass beads Resin binder Kdrna 40-20 meshes 36.3 3 60.7 20-10 meshes 17.7 2 80.3 10 meshes to 2.5 mm. 13.6 1.2 85.2 2.5-13 mm 7.3 0.8 91.9 13-20 mm 5.4 0.6 9'4.0 Table B shows that a shirre weight of the the larger unit is required for a strong reflex reflection, which is theoretically close equivalent to the reflex reflection which is obtained in situ while using relatively smaller amounts of the smaller unit. This is true because the total quantity of spherical lenses, which determines the amount of reflected light, is relatively less per unit weight of the larger units than per unit weight of the smaller units. to achieve a theoretical, essentially equivalent reflex reflection Iran van je strip.

Exempel 5. Example 5.

Ett storpartikligt, reflekterande aggregat, som var sarskilt avsett att begagnas pa vagr, kanter, dar det lake skall vara fast utan ligga lost sasom sten, har framstallts pa foljande satt. Ungefar 600 g skarvor av trapp sallar des till ett storleksomrade mellan omkring 20 till omkring 25 mm och doppades i en losning av omkring 16,5 delar »Epon 1001» epoxiharts och 16,5 delar »Versamid 125» polyamidharts, losta i ungefar 67 delar toluen. Det doppade aggregatet avlagsnades Iran losningen och anbragtes pa ett sail for avrinfling och lufttorkning, tills i huvudsak alit losningsmedlet fOrangats. De erhallna, med klibbigt hartsoverdrag forsedda stenskarvorna blandades darpa i en tumlare med 100 g silverbelagda parlor, framstallda pa det i exempel 1 angivna sattet, varefter Overskottsparlor avlagsnades frail blandningen genom vibrationssallning med tillhj alp av ett 40 maskors sail. Omkring 10 g parlor haftade fast vid det 600 g vagande aggregatet. Det Overdragna aggregatet Lick sedan Akira, etsades, torkades och hardades i enlighet med exempel 1. A large-part, reflective unit, which was especially intended to be used on rocks, edges, where the lake is to be fixed but lying loose like stone, has been produced in the following way. Approximately 600 g of stair joints were salted to a size range between about 20 to about 25 mm and dipped in a solution of about 16.5 parts »Epon 1001» epoxy resin and 16.5 parts »Versamide 125» polyamide resin, dissolved in about 67 parts toluene. The dipped unit was removed from the Iran solution and placed on a sail for unwinding and air drying, until essentially all the solvent had been disposed of. The resulting rock-clad stone joints were mixed in a tumbler with 100 g of silver-plated beads, prepared in the manner set forth in Example 1, after which excess beads were removed from the mixture by vibratory sieving using a 40-mesh sail. About 10 g of beads adhered to the 600 g weighing assembly. The Coated Unit Then licked Akira, etched, dried and cured according to Example 1.

En av huvudfordelarna med aggregatet in-am det i exempel 5 heskrivna storleksomradet ligger i aggregatets formaga att forbliva pi plats pa en horisontell yin., aven am aggregatet icke är fast vid ytan, och aggregatets formaga att undvika att bliva tackt med lost gnus och liknande. Liksom i exempel 3 begagnades parlor med ett brytningsindex av omkring 1,9 och omkring 2,5 vid framstallning av skilda satser av aggregat med den i exempel beskrivna storleken, varefter satser4 na hopblandades for bildande av en samman, satt blandning av aggregat, vilken kunde kraf-, tigt reflexreflektera infallande ljus under bide vata och torra forhallanden. One of the main advantages of the assembly within the size range described in Example 5 lies in the ability of the assembly to remain in place on a horizontal yin. . As in Example 3, beads with a refractive index of about 1.9 and about 2.5 were used in preparing different batches of aggregates of the size described in the example, after which the batches were mixed together to form a combined mixture of aggregates which could powerfully, reflexively reflect incident light under bide vata and dry conditions.

Det storstyckiga aggregatet enligt exempel 5 kan aven med fordel begagnas for att Ora mittremsor reflekterande, sarskilt sadana renasor, som best& i huvudsak av sma stenar eller liknande, vilka aro samlade slumpvis mellan en vags korbanor. The large-scale assembly according to Example 5 can also be used to advantage to form center strips reflecting, especially such purifiers, which consist mainly of small stones or the like, which are collected randomly between the webs of a scale.

Exempel 6. Example 6.

I stallet for epoxihartsbindemedlet enligt foregaende exempel anvandes ett polyaretanhartshindemedel for att fasta glasparlor pa ett underliggande stenkarnorgan. Med undan, tag for nedan angivna avvikelser anvandes aven de behandlingsforhallanden, som angivas I exempel 1, vid framstallning av partiklarna enligt exempel 6. Instead of the epoxy resin binder according to the previous example, a polyarethane resin film adhesive was used to attach glass beads to an underlying stone core member. With the exception of the deviations given below, the treatment conditions given in Example 1 were also used in the preparation of the particles according to Example 6.

Ungefar 8 delar av en uretanhartsbindelosning anbragtes pa ungefar 200 delar av at karnmaterial som bestod av artgrovt gnus mom sallstorleksomradet 3-10 mm. Uretanbindelosningen bestod av 14,1 delar »Mondur C» och 18,8 delar »Multronlosta i unge- far 67,1 delar etylacetat. Approximately 8 parts of a urethane resin binder solution were applied to approximately 200 parts of the core material which consisted of species coarse gravel with a salt size range of 3-10 mm. The urethane binder solution consisted of 14.1 parts »Mondur C» and 18.8 parts »Multronlosta in approximately 67.1 parts ethyl acetate.

»Mondur C» Or det av Mobay Chemical Company anvant handelsnamn for en flervard isocyanatforegangare, som formodas besta av reaktionsprodukten av stockiemetriska kvantiteter av toluen-di-isocyanat och trimetylolpropan, vilka ananen fatt reagera vid omkring 60° C, vid omkring 60 viktproeent fast material i etylacetatlosning. Isocyanatradikalema (NCO) i »Mondur C» utgora omkring 14,2 % av produktens. vikt. I exempel 6 utgjorde »Mondur C» ungefar 75 viktprocent av det fasta hartsmaterial, som var lost i etylacetatet. Mondur C »The trade name used by the Mobay Chemical Company for a polyurethane isocyanate precursor, which is believed to consist of the reaction product of stockimetric quantities of toluene diisocyanate and trimethylolpropane, which the anane has reacted at about 60 ° C, at about 60% by weight solids in ethyl acetate solution. The isocyanate radicals (NCOs) in "Mondur C" make up about 14.2% of the product. weight. In Example 6, "Mondur C" accounted for about 75% by weight of the solid resin material lost in the ethyl acetate.

»Multron R-10» Or det av tillverkaren, Mobay Chemical Company, anvanda hanclelsnanmet for en polyesterforening, som kan vid uppvarmning reagera med »Mondur C» till en oklibbig, hardad hartsmassa. »Multron R-10» formodas att i vasentliga hanseende besta av reaktionsprodukten av ftalsyraanhydrid och adipinsyra med dietylenglykol och trimetylolpropan. Det sages av tillverkaren hava ett OH-tal av 205-220, ett syratal av mindre an 4, en viskositet vid 75° C av omkring 640-840 cP och en tathet vid 25° C av 1,13. I exempel 6 anvand »Multron 11-10» bestod av omkring 50 vildprocent fast material, lost i etylacetat. »Multron R-10» Is the use by the manufacturer, Mobay Chemical Company, of the commercial name of a polyester compound which, on heating, can react with »Mondur C» to form a non-sticky, hardened resin mass. "Multron R-10" is believed to consist essentially of the reaction product of phthalic anhydride and adipic acid with diethylene glycol and trimethylolpropane. It is said by the manufacturer to have an OH number of 205-220, an acid number of less than 4, a viscosity at 75 ° C of about 640-840 cP and a density at 25 ° C of 1.13. In Example 6, the use of "Multron 11-10" consisted of about 50% wild solids, dissolved in ethyl acetate.

Bindemedelslosningen blandades med det artstora gruset, tills losningsraedlet, etylacetat, i huvudsak fullstandigt foringats. Vid denna blandning blev gruset I huvudsak fullstandigt overdraget med ett klibbigt uretanoverdrag. Darpa. tillsattes 200 g silveroverdragna parlor, och omroringen av blandningen fortsatte endast sa Mug tid som erfordrades 6— — for att det klibbiga overdraget pa karnmaterialet skulle fanga upp de fOrsilvrade parlorna och bliva ytOverdraget darmed. De losa parlorna avskilj des sedan frau det overdragna aggregatet, som sedan heals vid omkring 175° C under tva timmar for att astadkomnaa hardning av polyuretanbindemedlet. Produkten etsades darefter och torkades liksom 1 exempel 1. The binder solution was mixed with the species-sized gravel until the solvent, ethyl acetate, was substantially completely lined. In this mixture, the gravel was essentially completely coated with a sticky urethane coating. Darpa. 200 g of silver-coated beads were added, and the stirring of the mixture was continued only for the time required for the sticky coating on the core material to capture the silver-plated beads and thereby become the surface coating. The loose beads were then separated from the coated assembly, which was then cured at about 175 ° C for two hours to effect curing of the polyurethane binder. The product was then etched and dried as in Example 1.

Tva olika satser av reflekterande aggregat, framstallda enligt exempel 6, tillverkades liksom i exempel 1 och 2 under begagnande av parlor med de angivna, olika brytningsindexen, och satserna blandades darefter for erhallande av en sammansatt massa, vilken kunde reflexreflektera ljus under bade fuktiga och torra forhallanden oberoende av infallsvinkela for ljuset. Two different batches of reflective aggregates, prepared according to Example 6, were made as in Examples 1 and 2 using beads with the indicated, different refractive indices, and the batches were then mixed to obtain a composite mass which could reflect light under both humid and dry conditions. conditions independent of the angle of incidence of the light.

Sasom framgar av fig. 1, 2 och 3 bestar del reflekterande aggregatet enligt de foregaende exemplen av en stel karna 10, som ar overdragen med ett bindemedelsoverdrag 11 och eft ljusaterkastande skikt av sma genomskinliga, sfariska linser, 12 vilka hava inre ljusreflektionsorgan 13, som ligga under de inre andarna av sfarerna och aro optiskt forbundna med dessa. Sasom sarskilt framgar av fig. 3, ar vane sfarisk lins, dvs. varje glasparla 12 av aggregatet orienterad i lage framfOr den spegelliknande, halvsfariska, ljusreflekterande ytan av overdraget 13, vilken har samma utstrackning som baksidan eller den inre anden av den sfariska linsen. Bindemedelsovedraget 11 ar inskjutet mellan det ungefar halvsfariska silveroverdraget 13 pa den sfariska linsen 12 och den centrala karnan 10. Den optiska anordningen ar, sasom framgar av fig. 3, sadan, att ljustatheten av ljusreflektionen fran aggregatet ar lingt stone An. ljustatheten for vitmalade ytor, och ljustatheten av reflekterat ljus kan med latthet garas 450 ganger eller mera storre An vid vitmalning under begagnande av aggregat, som framstallts i enlighet med exempel 1. As can be seen from Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the reflecting assembly according to the preceding examples consists of a rigid core 10, which is coated with an adhesive coating 11 and after light-reflecting layers of small transparent, spherical lenses 12, which have internal light-reflecting means 13, which lie beneath the inner spirits of the spheres and are optically connected to them. As can be seen in particular from Fig. 3, the usual spherical lens, i.e. each glass bead 12 of the assembly oriented in a position in front of the mirror-like, semi-spherical, light-reflecting surface of the coating 13, which has the same extent as the back or inner spirit of the spherical lens. The adhesive cover 11 is sandwiched between the approximately hemispherical silver coating 13 on the spherical lens 12 and the central core 10. The optical device is, as shown in Fig. 3, such that the luminance of the light reflection from the unit is long stone An. the luminosity of white painted surfaces, and the luminosity of reflected light can easily be increased 450 times or more when whitewashed using aggregates prepared in accordance with Example 1.

Da reflexreflektionens ljustathet kan fa vara forsamrad i nagon man, kunna aluminiumflingor eller liknande anvandas sasom speglande reflekterande organ under de sfariska linserna runt en stel, central karna. Since the brightness of the reflection may be concentrated in any person, aluminum flakes or the like may be used as reflective reflecting means under the spherical lenses around a rigid, central core.

De stela karnorna av aggregatet enligt uppfinningen kunna hava oregelbunden form, kunna vara sfariska eller elliptiska. Sadana material, som krossad sten och gnus, sallade till partikelstorlekar i enlighet med de forut beskrivna principerna, hava visat sig lampliga. I allmanhet kommer det anvanda karnmaterialet att hava en specifik vikt av omkring 2,4-2,9, men nagra expanderade stenmaterial, som hava en sa lAg specifik vikt som omkring 1,5 hava visat sig vara tillfredsstallande. Andra material, awn sadana med lagre specifik vikt, kunna visa sig anvandbara. The rigid cores of the assembly according to the invention may have an irregular shape, may be spherical or elliptical. Such materials, such as crushed stone and gravel, salted to particle sizes in accordance with the principles previously described, have proved to be suitable. In general, the core material used will have a specific gravity of about 2.4-2.9, but some expanded rock materials, which have a specific gravity as low as about 1.5, have been found to be satisfactory. Other materials, such as those with lower specific gravity, may prove useful.

Sasom bindemedelsmaterial, som anvandes sasom ett overdrag runt den stela karnan, har det visat sig lampligt att anvanda varmehardbara eller vid uppvarmning stelnande hartsmassor, som icke aro skora och som aro saga, kemiskt motstandskraftiga, vaderbestandiga och motstandskraftiga mot losningsmedel i hardat tillstand, sasom beskrivits. Andra lampliga material kunna emellertid anvandas for att fasta de sfariska linserna pa plats runt den centrala karnan, sa lange de viktiga, optiska egenskaperna bibehallas. I detta hanseende ar det viktigt att valja material for bindemedlet, vilka icke flyta Over och helt inkapsla de silverbelagda parlorna, sa att de yttre halvsfarerna av silvret bliva ofillgangliga, eftersom dessa maste avlagsnas fran parlorna, innan de kunna tjanstgora pa. erforderligt satt sasom sma linser. Salunda maste varmehardbara hartsmaterial for detta bindemedel vara och forbliva tillrackligt tj ockflytande och klibbiga for att kvarhalla de silverbelagda parlorna i lage under en eventuall hardningscykel och under denna foregaende steg. Darjamte fa, hartserna icke rinna Over de par-, tiellt i hartsoverdraget inbaddade, silverbelagda parlorna. As a binder material used as a coating around the rigid core, it has been found suitable to use heat-curable or heat-solidifying resin compositions which are not scorched and which are soft, chemically resistant, weather-resistant and resistant to solvents described in the cured state. . However, other lamp materials may be used to secure the spherical lenses in place around the central core, as long as the important optical properties are maintained. In this regard, it is important to choose materials for the binder which do not float over and completely encapsulate the silver-plated beads so that the outer hemispheres of the silver become inaccessible, as these must be removed from the beads before they can serve. required set as small lenses. Thus, heat-curable resin materials for this binder must be and remain sufficiently viscous and tacky to retain the silver-plated beads in stock during any curing cycle and during this preceding step. Darjamte fa, the resins do not flow Over the par-, tiellt in the resin cover embedded, silver-plated pearls.

Del effektiva brytningsindexet for parlorna eller de sfariska linserna Ar lanapligen cmkring 1,9, da sa ljustat reflexreflektion som mojligt onskas under torra forhallanden, och lampligen omkring 2,5, cla sa ljustat reflexreflektion som mojligt onskas under fuktiga forhallanden, I. ex. db.' aggregatytorna aro everdragna med en tunn. vattenhinna. I allmanhet kan man emellertid anvanda sfariska linser med olika brytningsindex Awrt med brytningsindex mellan omkring 1,7 och omkring 2,9, for framstallning av anvandbara produkter. The effective refractive index for the beads or the spherical lenses is probably around 1.9, then as bright reflex reflection as possible desired during dry conditions, and probably around 2.5, cla as bright reflex reflection as possible desired under humid conditions, I. ex. db. ' the unit surfaces are drawn with a thin. water membrane. In general, however, one can use spherical lenses with different refractive indices Awrt with refractive indices between about 1.7 and about 2.9, for the manufacture of useful products.

Utmarkande for de produkter, som anvanda parlor med ett brytningsindex av 1,9 och 2,5, ar den knottriga naturen av deras ytor. Det ar viktigt for reflexreflektion med storsta ljustathet under regn, da de knottrig yta uppvisande partikla.rna, som hava parlor med ett brytningsindex av 2,5, aro tackta med en tunn vattenhinna, att parlorna Arc endast partiellt inbaddade i hartsbindemedelsoverdraget och alt de yttre, halvsfariska partierna av parlorna ligga fritt, sA att de komma i hero-ring med vattnet. Uppfyllandet av detta kritiska krav vid sma men skrymmande aggregatpartiklar av liar ifragavarande slag kan lAtt ske pa liar beskrivet satt, Oven om ytterst sma parlor, .som hava en medeldiameter av omkring 15-1It, utgOra de vid tillverkning av aggregatet foredragna parlstorlekarna. DA &riga faktorer aro lika, hava parlor mom ett storleksomrade av 15-1p visat sig giva den stOrsta ljustatheten hos reflexreflektionen Iran aggregatet. Distinctive to the products, which use beads with a refractive index of 1.9 and 2.5, is the lumpy nature of their surfaces. It is important for reflex reflection with the greatest lightness during rain, as the lumpy surface exhibiting particles, which have beads with a refractive index of 2.5, are thanked with a thin water film, that the beads Arc only partially embedded in the resin binder coating and all the outer , the semi-dangerous parts of the pearls lie free, so that they come into hero-ring with the water. The fulfillment of this critical requirement for small but bulky aggregate particles of the type in question can be effected in the manner described, although extremely small beads, having an average diameter of about 15-1It, constitute the bead sizes preferred in the manufacture of the aggregate. DA & riga factors aro equal, have parlor mom a size range of 15-1p proved to give the greatest brightness of the reflex reflection Iran aggregate.

Om sa onskas, kan aggregatet utforas sa, att det synes fargat om dagen och/eller natten. Exempelvis kan bindemedelsskiktet vara fargat med pigment eller fargamnen, och de — —7 sfariska linserna kunna sjalva vara utforda av fargat glas. Ldmpligen kan aggregatet, sâsom beskrives i exemplen, utforas sa, att det ser ut som vanlig matt och smutsig sten am dagen men anda är fullt effektivt for ljustat reflexreflektion av mot detsamma riktat ljus om flatten. If desired, the unit can be designed so that it appears colored during the day and / or at night. For example, the adhesive layer may be colored with pigments or dyes, and the spherical lenses may themselves be challenged by colored glass. Ideally, the assembly, as described in the examples, can be designed so that it looks like ordinary matte and dirty stone during the day, but the spirit is fully effective for light-reflecting reflection of light directed towards it on the surface.

Claims

Patent claim:

A composite particle which is reflex reflecting to incident light and which has spherical lenses having a refractive index of at least 1.7 and a reflecting light reflecting member in optical communication with its inner spirits, characterized in that the spherical lenses in the form of a layers adhere essentially to the entire surface of a small, rigid body to produce reflex reflection from which light is incident.

Particle according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the spherical lenses have a refractive index of the approximate range 1.7-2.5.

Particle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spherical lenses have an average diameter of 15-125 pt.

Particle according to any one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that it has an average diameter size of Indian 3.1 and 25.5 mm.

Particle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflecting light-reflecting means is a substantially semi-dangerous coating on the lure spirits of the spherical lenses.

Particle according to any one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the layer of spherical lenses is adhered to the core by means of a coating and a binder material resistant to chemicals, lasers and waders.

Particle according to claim 6, characterized in that the binder material is a completely hardened, tough resin.

Salt to produce the particle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core is coated with a random tacky material, that the spherical lenses are coated with a light-reflecting material, that the spherical lenses are applied to the core and that the light-reflecting material is removed from the part of the spherical lenses, which protrude from the coating on the cornea. Request publications: Patentskrifter / ran Sverige 145 48

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