SE186905C1

SE186905C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE186905C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1963-01-01

Description

KLASS I NTERNATI ONELLSVENSK B 63b65a1:12 PATENT- OCH REGISTRERINGSVERKET Ans. 9555/1958 den 15/10 1958Hartill en rilning K F GRAM, CHARLOTTENLUND, DANMARK Fartyg med under dess botten anordnad luftkudde Prioritet begiird !ran den 7 november 1957 (Danmark) F8religgande uppfinning avser ett fartyg med en under dess botten anordnad luftkudde. CLASS I NTERNATI ONELLSVENSK B 63b65a1: 12 PATENT AND REGISTRATION AGENCY Ans. 9555/1958 den 15/10 1958Hillill en rilning K F GRAM, CHARLOTTENLUND, DENMARK Vessels with an air cushion arranged under its bottom Priority requested 7 November 1957 (Denmark) The present invention relates to a ship with an air cushion arranged under its bottom.

Fartyg med luftkuddar av detta slag aro kanda, vid vilka lufthastigheten langskepps och lufthastigheten tvarskepps kunna regleras oberoende av varandra. liven om denim reglering anpassas noggrant efter fartygets hastighet for tillfallet, trimning och krankning, kan anda ej uppnis en effektiv Auftsmorjning», dvs. en relativt stor yta som ãr tackt med luft, eftersom frammande vagor (vindvagor) och fartygets .eget -*system kommer att deformera luftkudden och astadkomma stora ytor utan luft och andra stora ytor med kraftigt 8kad luftkuddetjocklek, varvid det sista forhallandet givetvis medfOr stora luftforIuster i vattnet. Vessels with airbags of this kind aro kanda, at which the air speed longship and the air speed transverse can be regulated independently of each other. the life of denim regulation is carefully adapted to the speed of the ship for the incident, trimming and cranking, spirit can not be called an effective Auftsmorjning », ie. a relatively large surface that is filled with air, because advancing waves (wind waves) and the ship's own system will deform the airbag and create large areas without air and other large surfaces with greatly increased airbag thickness, the last condition of course leading to large air losses. in the water.

Uppfinningen har till andamal att astadkomma nya medel fOr stabilisering och utjamning av luftkudden, vilket enligt uppfinningen uppnas darigenom, att nagortunda jamnt fordelat under bottnen forefinnes ett antal avkannare f5r registrering av luftkuddens tjocklek, varvid avkannarna aro anordnade att styra lufttillfOrselorgan och/eller luftutsugningsorgan pa sh satt, att luft le-des till omradet kring avkannare vilka registrera en luftkuddetjocklek, som Or mindre an ett forutbestamt varde resp. bortsuges Iran omradet kring avkannare, vilka registrera en luftkuddetjocklek, som overskrider ett forutbestamt varde. En forenkling kan enligt uppfinningen uppnas darigenom, att samma avkannare styra hada lufttillf8rsel- och luftutsugningsorganen. The object of the invention is to provide new means for stabilizing and leveling the air cushion, which according to the invention is achieved in that there are somewhat evenly distributed under the bottom there are a number of sensors for registering the thickness of the air cushion, the sensors being arranged to control air supply and air means or supply. provided that air is led to the area around the sensors which register an air cushion thickness which is less than a predetermined value resp. Iran sucks the area around detectors, which register an airbag thickness, which exceeds a predetermined value. According to the invention, a simplification can be achieved in that the same sensor controls the air supply and air extraction means.

En enkel och praktisk utforingsform for en luftkuddeanlaggning av angivet slag kannetecknas enligt uppfinningen av en ovan- fOrbelagen luftreservoar, som genom ett antal Over luftkuddens yta jamnt fordelade oppningar eller ror stk i forbindelse med luftkudden varjamte vid varje oppning eller varje ror är insatt en reversibel och regler- bar flakt, som medelst resp. avkannare for registrering av luftkuddens tjocklek vid ifra.- gavarande stalk är styrd pa sa Ott, att den transporterar luft fran reservoaren till tuftkudden, nar luftkuddens tjocklek underskrider det forutbestamda vardet, och fran hiftkudden till reservoaren, nar luftkuddens tjocklek overskrider detta varde. A simple and practical embodiment of an air cushion system of the type indicated can be characterized according to the invention by an above-coated air reservoir, which through a number of evenly distributed openings or tubes in connection with the air cushion and at each opening or each tube a reversible and adjustable flap, which by means of resp. The sensor for recording the thickness of the air cushion at the stalk in question is controlled so that it transports air from the reservoir to the tufted cushion when the thickness of the air cushion falls below the predetermined value, and from the lifting cushion to the reservoir when the thickness of the air cushion exceeds this.

Om tryckandringarna forsiggh sa snabbt, att flaktarna hinna accelereras, bromsas eller deras rotationsriktning omkastas tillrackligt snabbt, fir det mojligt att anvanda en annan utforingsform, som enligt uppfinningen Unnetecknas darigenom, att luftkudden genom ett ,antal Over dess omrade jamnt fordelacte Oppningar eller riir star i forbiudelse dels med en luftreservoar med hogre tryck an luftkudden och dels med en luftreservoar med lagre tryck an luftkudden, varj amte i varje oppning eller ror ãr insatt ett avsparrningsorgan, som medelst resp. avkannare for registrering av luftkuddens tjocklek vid ifragavarande stalle Or styrd p0. sá satt, att luft transporteras fran hogtrycksreservoaren till luftkudden, nar luftkuddetjockleken underskrider det forutbestamda vardet, och fran luftkudden till lagtrycksreservoaren, nar luftkuddetjockleken Overskrider detta varde. Denna anordning verkar snabbare under tryckandringarna, eftersom det finnes flaktar, .som skola omstallas, accelereras eller retarderas. Det Or Oven mojligt att anordna en. flakt, som kontinuerligt suger fran lagtrycksreservoaren och pressar till hogtrycksreservoaren. If the pressure changes are so rapid that the flakes have time to accelerate, decelerate or their direction of rotation is reversed sufficiently quickly, it is possible to use another embodiment, which according to the invention is characterized by the air cushion passing through a number of evenly distributed openings by means of an air reservoir with higher pressure on the air cushion and partly with an air reservoir with lower pressure on the air cushion, each county in each opening or tube having a recessing means inserted, which by means of resp. sensor for recording the thickness of the air cushion at the stable in question Or controlled p0. so that air is transported from the high pressure reservoir to the air cushion when the air cushion thickness falls below the predetermined value, and from the air cushion to the low pressure reservoir when the air cushion thickness exceeds this value. This device acts more quickly during pressure changes, as there are flats which must be rearranged, accelerated or decelerated. It Or Oven possible to arrange one. flake, which continuously sucks from the low pressure reservoir and presses to the high pressure reservoir.

Avkannaren for matning av luftkuddens tjocklek och manovrering av flaktmotorn eller avstangningsorganet skall vara enkel och driftsaker, och den kan darfor enligt uppfinningen besta. av ett par elektroder, som stracka sig genom luftkudden och sticka ned i vattnet och som inga i ett av en stromkalla matat elektriskt kretslopp, vilket Or anordnat att I oberoende av stromstyrkan paverka en elmagnetisk mekanism fOr automatisk be- 2— — tjaning av flaktmotorns regulator eller av avsparrning.sorganet. Den elmagnetiska mekanismen skall kunna betj dna hela regleringsomradet, dvs. hela omradet fran starsta positiva till storsta negativa hastighet hos flak-ten (tryck resp. sug) eller hela regleringsomradet fran helt tippet avsparrningsorgan for hogtrycksreservoaren till fullt tippet avsparmingsorgan far lagtrycksreservoaren (samtidigt med stangt avsparrningsorgan for hogtrycksreservoaren). The sensor for feeding the thickness of the air cushion and maneuvering the flat motor or the shut-off means must be simple and operational, and it can therefore exist according to the invention. of a pair of electrodes, which extend through the air cushion and protrude into the water and which are not in an electrical circuit supplied by a cold-cold, which Or arranged to influence an electromagnetic mechanism for automatic operation of the flat motor controller independently of the current. or by the sparring.sorgan. The electromagnetic mechanism must be able to serve the entire control area, ie. the entire range from the first positive to the largest negative velocity of the flats (pressure or suction) or the entire control range from the fully tilted recess means for the high pressure reservoir to the fully tilted recess means for the low pressure reservoir (simultaneously with closed recess means for the high pressure reservoir).

Det skall vara majligt att stalla in avkannarorganets nollstallning, dvs. det Idge av vattenytan eller med andra ord den luftkuddetjocklek, vid vilken fldkthastigheten är noll resp. avsparmingsorganen bade for hogoch lagtrycksreservoaren dro stangda. Detta kan enligt uppfinningen uppnas ddrigenom, att i det elektriska kretsloppet eller i ett till detta borande forstarkarkretslopp är insatt ett variabelt motstand. Vid en given vattenniva, dvs. ett givet motstand i saltvattnet mellan elektroderna, kan man genom andring av det variabla motstandet justera laget av flaktens regulator eller avsparrningsorgan, tills nolld.get uppnatts. It must be possible to set the sensor body's zero setting, ie. the Idge of the water surface or in other words the air cushion thickness, at which the flow rate is zero resp. the shut-off means both for the hog and the low-pressure reservoir pulled the rod. According to the invention, this can be achieved in that a variable resistor is inserted in the electrical circuit or in an amplifier circuit drilling therewith. At a given water level, ie. a given resistance in the salt water between the electrodes, one can by changing the variable resistance adjust the layer of the float regulator or recessing means, until zero is reached.

Pa den bifogade ritningen visas nagra utforingsexempel pa fartyg med luftkudde enligt uppfinningen samt nagra detaljer vid luftkuddeanlfiggningen. Fig. 1 visar ett fartyg med luftkudde, sett fran batten. Fig. 2 ir ett snitt efter linjeni fig. 1 i storre .skala. Fig. 3 är ett lodratt Idn.gdsnitt genom bottnen av ett fartyg med luftkudde och fig. 4 visar schematiskt en avkannare for anvdndning vid den i fig. 2 visade utforingsformen. The attached drawing shows some embodiments of vessels with air cushion according to the invention as well as some details of the air cushion installation. Fig. 1 shows a ship with an air cushion, seen from the bat. Fig. 2 is a section along the line in Fig. 1 on a larger scale. Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the bottom of a ship with an air cushion and Fig. 4 schematically shows a sensor for use in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.

Det i fig. 1 visade fartyget med luftkudde har en plan. botten 7 med utstrackt luftkuddeomracle, som utmarkts med ett diagonalt kors 8 med streckpunkterade linjer. I bottnen mynnar ett antal ror 9, som dro jamnt fordelade Over luftkuddens omrade. I vart och ett av raren 9 är anordnad en reglerbar och reversibel spiralflakt 10, se fig. 3, som drives av en motor 11, vilken manovreras ,av en avkannare 12, sam skall narmare beskrivas i det foljande. Avkdnnaren 12 dr medelst 'elektriska ledningar 13 forbunden med motor. 11. The vessel with air cushion shown in Fig. 1 has a plane. bottom 7 with extended air cushion circumference, which is marked with a diagonal cross 8 with dash-dotted lines. At the bottom are a number of rudders 9, which were evenly distributed over the area of the air cushion. Arranged in each of the rudder 9 is an adjustable and reversible spiral plane 10, see Fig. 3, which is driven by a motor 11, which is maneuvered, by a sensor 12, which will be described in more detail in the following. The sensor 12 is connected to the motor by means of electrical wires 13. 11.

Vart och ett av roren 9 ãr lufttatt forbundet med en luftreservoar, som bestar av tre langskepps forlopande ror 14 och ett godtyckligt antal tvarskepps forlopande ror 15. Till denna luftreservoar är ansluten en kompressorledning 16 med en stoppventil 17. Sjalva luftkudden Or vid sidorna begrdnsad av sidokalar 18 och framtill och baktill av en avsats 19 i bottnen 7. Avsatserna 19 ha den. I fig. 3 visade formen, sa att de icke erbjuda allt far stort tryckmotstand mot vattnet. Man maste namligen rakna med att vattenytan svanger upp och ned Mugs avsatserna 19 under de formodligen oundvikliga sma svangningarna av vattenytan vid luftkuddens for- ,och akterkant. Each of the tubes 9 is aerated connected to an air reservoir, which consists of three longitudinal tubes 14 and an arbitrary number of transverse tubes 15. To this air reservoir is connected a compressor line 16 with a stop valve 17. The air cushion Or itself is bounded by side beads 18 and front and rear of a ledge 19 in the bottom 7. The ledges 19 have it. Fig. 3 shows the shape, so that they do not offer all the great pressure resistance to the water. Namely, one has to shave with the fact that the water surface swings up and down the Mugs ledges 19 during the presumably inevitable small oscillations of the water surface at the front and aft edge of the airbag.

I fig. 4 visas ett kopplingsschema for den automatiska anordningen far styrning av en av motorerna 11 i fig. 2. I bottnen 7 dro in-Hilda tva elektriskt isolerade proppar 20 med var sin elektrod 21, som straeker sig ned i vattnet under luftkudden. Ett av en stromkalla 230 matat elektriskt kretslopp passerar genom elektroden 21 och saltvattnet mellan dessa samt genom en forstarkare och kompensator 22. Den. fran forstarkaren och kompensatorn 22 uttagna strommen passerar genom ett variabelt motstand 23 och en sugspole 24, som kan attrahera en jdrnkarna 25, vilken nedtill star under paverkan av en dragfjfider 26. En arm 27 Or inford mellan tva sidotappar i den nedre linden av jarnkarnan 25 och Or fastgjord pa. en axel 28, som dr forbunden med flaktmotorns regulator, vilken kan reglera motorn frail storsta »positiva» till storsta »negativa» hastighet. I det visade laget FS av armen 27 suger flak-ten med full kraft Iran luftkudden, vilket svarar mot Mgt vattenstand, dvs. stor luftkuddestorlek. Vid stigande vattenstand, dvs. avtagande luftkuddetjocklek, passerar amen 27 genom laget 0, i vilket motorhastigheten är 0, och nfir till ldget FT, i vilket fldkten pressar luft med full kraft till luftkudden, vilket svarar mot minimal luftkuddetjocklek eller t. o. m. luftkuddetjockleken 0. Fig. 4 shows a wiring diagram for the automatic device controlled by one of the motors 11 in Fig. 2. At the bottom 7, Hilda pulled in two electrically insulated plugs 20, each with its own electrode 21, which extend into the water under the airbag. An electrical circuit supplied by a cold source 230 passes through the electrode 21 and the salt water between them and through an amplifier and compensator 22. It. the current taken from the amplifier and the compensator 22 passes through a variable resistor 23 and a suction coil 24, which can attract a core 25, which at the bottom is under the influence of a tension spring 26. An arm 27 is inserted between two side pins in the lower winding of the core 25 and Or fastened on. a shaft 28, which is connected to the regulator of the flatbed motor, which can regulate the motor from maximum "positive" to maximum "negative" speed. In the shown team FS of the arm 27, the plane sucks with full force Iran air cushion, which corresponds to Mgt water level, ie. large air cushion size. At rising water levels, ie. decreasing airbag thickness, amen 27 passes through the layer 0, in which the engine speed is 0, and nfir to the low FT, in which the fluid presses air with full force to the airbag, which corresponds to minimum airbag thickness or even the airbag thickness 0.

Elektroderna 21 anbringas icke utanfor raret 9, eftersom vattenytan i detta omrade kan paverkas av luftstrommens hastighetstryck, men litet pa sidan av roret 9, sfisom visas i fig. 2. The electrodes 21 are not placed outside the tube 9, since the water surface in this area can be affected by the velocity pressure of the air stream, but slightly on the side of the tube 9, as shown in Fig. 2.

Luftkuddens fyllningsgrad bestdmmes av en med kompressorledningen 16 forbunden kompressor, som kan suga luft fran atmosfaren och pressa in den i luftkudden eller vid motsatt rotationsriktning leda luft fran luftkudden till atmosfaren. Denna kompressor regleras av avkannarelektroder liknande dem, som visas i fig. 4, varigenom den blir i stand att uppratthalla en konstant luftkuddetjocklek eller rattare sagt medeltjoeklek av lullkudden. Om lufttjockleken i den i fig. 5 visade punkten av luftkudden am lika med namnda medeltjocklek, kommer armen 27 att befinna sig i lfiget 0, i vilket flakten star stilla. The degree of filling of the air cushion is determined by a compressor connected to the compressor line 16, which can suck air from the atmosphere and force it into the air cushion or, in the opposite direction of rotation, lead air from the air cushion to the atmosphere. This compressor is controlled by sensor electrodes similar to those shown in Fig. 4, thereby enabling it to maintain a constant air cushion thickness or rather the average thickness of the wool cushion. If the air thickness at the point of the air cushion shown in Fig. 5 is equal to said average thickness, the arm 27 will be in the plane 0, in which the plane is stationary.

Det skall papekas, att de i fig. 1, 2 och 4 visade organen for stabilisering av luftkudden Oven medverka till att korrigera fartygets hastighet genom vattnet ddrigenom, att luften skall ha en hastighet akterover, som svarar mot fartygets hastighet, sa att luften icke sammanpackas i kuddens aktre del genom friktion mot vattnet. Det Or emellertid endast de framre och bakre flaktarna, som ge luften denna hastighet, vilken ju fir lionstant Over hela luftkuddens lfingd, och av denna orsak maste man anbringa fler eller — — storre flaktar i forliga och aktre anden av luftkudden an i 8vriga ,omraden av luftkudden. Delta framgar av fig. 1. It should be noted that the means for stabilizing the air cushion shown in Figs. in the aft part of the cushion by friction against the water. However, it is only the front and rear flaps that give the air this speed, which of course extends over the entire length of the airbag, and for this reason more or - - larger flaps must be fitted in the front and rear of the airbag than in the other areas. of the airbag. Delta is shown in Fig. 1.

Varje ror med flak' 10, motor 11, avkannare 12 och ledningar 13 kan framstailas som en separat utbytbar enhet. I stallet fOr det visade natverket av ror 14, 15 kan luftreservoaren besta av tva harisontella plattor som aro belagna pa litet avstand Iran varandra. Luftreservoaren skall .emellertid lake ha sarskilt stor volym, eftersom en given tryckandring vattnet i sh fall kan fororsaka en for stor stigning eller sankning av gransytan mellan tuft och vatten i luftkudden. Motorerna 11 kunna eventuellt vara anordnade ovanfor luftreservoaren och vara forbundna med flak-ten 10 genom en langre axel, varigenom hindras vattenskador pa motorerna. Each rudder with flatbed 10, motor 11, sensor 12 and lines 13 can be manufactured as a separate replaceable unit. Instead of the shown network of pipes 14, 15, the air reservoir may consist of two horizontal plates which are located at a short distance from each other. The air reservoir must, however, have a particularly large volume, since a given pressure change in the water in this case can cause an excessive rise or fall of the spruce surface between the tuft and water in the air cushion. The motors 11 may optionally be arranged above the air reservoir and be connected to the plane 10 through a longer shaft, thereby preventing water damage to the motors.

Claims

Patent claim:

Vessels with an air cushion arranged below their bottom, characterized in that there is a fairly evenly distributed under the bottom. There are a number of sensors for registering the thickness of the air cushion, the sensors being arranged to control air supply means and / or air extraction means in such a way that air conduction means to the area around sensors, which register an air cushion thickness which is less than a predetermined value resp. is sucked away from the area around the sensors, which register an air cushion thickness, which exceeds a predetermined value.

2. Vessels according to claim 1, characterized in that the same scanner controls both the air supply and the air extraction means.

Vessel according to claim 2, characterized by an air reservoir located above the bottom, which through a number of openings or tubes (9) evenly distributed over the surface of the air cushion are connected to the air cushion, each at each opening or each root. (9) a reversible and adjustable flap (10) is inserted, which by means of resp. The sensor (12) for recording the thickness of the air cushion at the place in question is controlled in such a way that it transports completely from the reservoir to the air cushion when the thickness of the air cushion falls below the predetermined value, and from the air cushion to the reservoir when the air cushion thickness exceeds this.

4. A ship according to claim 2, characterized in that the air cushion is evenly distributed through a number of over-dose openings or tubes (9) in connection with an air reservoir with higher pressure than the air cushion and partly with an air reservoir with lower pressure than the air cushion, In each opening or tube (9) a recessing means is inserted, which by means of resp. sensor (12) for recording the thickness of the air cushion at the stalk in question.

5. A vessel according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the sensor (12) consists of a pair of electrodes (21) which extend through the air cushion and protrude into the water and which are not in one of a stromlialla (230) fed electrical circuit, which is arranged to, depending on the current, influence an electromagnetic mechanism for automatic operation of the regulator motor regulator resp. of the sparging means.

Vessel according to claim 5, Urinary excretion, in that a variable resistor (23) is inserted in the electrical circuit or in an amplifier circuit belonging thereto. Request publications: