SE184792C1

SE184792C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE184792C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1963-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: A Kelen, H P Flaathe och J Blaus Vid elektriska ugnar for smaltelektrolys skulle det framf or alit for erhallande av basta verkningsgrad hos den elektrokemiska processen vara av intresse att kunna gen:omfora en automatisk reglering av ugnar i beroende av temperaturen i dess aktiva zon. Pa grund av den h5ga temperaturen i dylika ugnar och narvaron av starkt &kande amnen har det emellertid hittills ej varit mojligt att astadkomma en kontinuerlig matning av tempera-Wren i sjalva reaktionszonem Foreliggande uppfinning avser ett salt for kontinuerlig matning av temperaturen i aktiva zonen i ugnar for smaltelektrolys utan att de for temperaturinatningen erforderliga organen skadas genom kemiskt angrepp eller varme. Inventors: A Kelen, HP Flaathe and J Blaus In the case of electric furnaces for melt electrolysis, in order to obtain the best efficiency of the electrochemical process, it would be of interest to be able to: implement an automatic control of furnaces depending on the temperature in its active zone . However, due to the high temperature in such furnaces and the presence of strong substances, it has not hitherto been possible to achieve a continuous supply of the temperature in the reaction zone itself. The present invention relates to a salt for continuous supply of the temperature in the active zone in furnaces for melt electrolysis without damaging the organs required for temperature control by chemical attack or heat.

Uppfinningen kannetecknas vasentligen darav, att for temperaturmatningen anvandes en i och for sig hand optisk stralningspyrometer, som ar anordnad vid ovre anden av en genom hela elektroden gaende axiell kanal och viserar mot vid nedre anden av sagda kanal befintligt material, varvid vid Owe anden ay kanalen en neutral gas inblases som skyddar pyrometern mot kemiska angrepp och avlagsnar i kanalen frail smaltzonen ev. instrommad gas. Ett dylikt salt mOjliggor hi. a. vid nedmatande elektroder (Soderbergselektroder) en full garanti for att kanalen alltid halles 5ppen for observationer. The invention is essentially characterized in that for the temperature supply an inherently optical radiation pyrometer is used, which is arranged at the upper end of an axial channel passing through the entire electrode and points towards material present at the lower end of said channel, wherein at the upper end of the channel a neutral gas is blown in which protects the pyrometer against chemical attack and deposits in the channel frail the melting zone ev. inflated gas. Such a salt is possible hi. a. in the case of descending electrodes (Soderberg electrodes) a full guarantee that the channel is always kept open for observations.

For att vid Soderbergselektroder forma denna kanaI kma man anvanda .ett svagt koniskt ror av ett elhardigt material som uppifran skjuter ned i elektroden men icke racker ned till smaltan och upptill skjuter upp sit langt som ãr erforderligt for att forma halet i elektroden. Detta rOr fir fast forankrat vid den elektroden formande naanteln. Vid elektrodens nedmatning i beroende av avbranningen kom.mer dadar det kanalen formade roret att behalla sitt lage i rummet. In order to form this channel at Soderberg electrodes, a slightly conical tube of an electrically hard material can be used which projects from the top down into the electrode but does not reach down to the melt and at the top protrudes as far as is necessary to form the tail in the electrode. This is firmly anchored to the electrode forming the electrode. When the electrode is lowered in dependence on the burn-off, the channel-shaped tube will keep its bearing in the room.

I sMllet for att forma kanalen pit detta salt kan man vid tillverkning av elektroden baka in ror av lampligt material, som straeka sig anda ned till elektrodens underande oda undan f6r undan fa smalta ned och blandas med materialet i den aktiva zonen. Dessa ror kunna vara gjorda av grafit eller aluminiumoxid. Huvu.dsaken kr att de kunna smalta ned och blandas med smaltan i ugnen. In order to form the channel pit this salt, in the manufacture of the electrode, tubes of suitable material can be baked in, which extend down to the lower part of the electrode and gradually melt down and mix with the material in the active zone. These tubes can be made of graphite or alumina. The main thing is that they can melt down and mix with the melt in the oven.

Pit bifogade ritning visas schematiskt en elektrolysugn dar 1 betecknar sjalva behallaren, i vilken elektrolysen a.ger rum. Med 2 betecknas den i behallaren befintliga utreducerade metallen exempelvis aluminium saint ovanfor detta den massa 3 som sonderdelas av strommen genom ugnen. Med 4 betecknas den jarnmantel som formar sjalva elektroden 5. Denn.a jarnmantel fir f6rsedd med en tvargaende balk 6 eller andra vid manteln 4 fastade organ, vid vilka ett kanal 7 i elektroden. formande jarnror 8 ar fastat. Roret 8 ãr svagt koniskt fOr att det icke skall hindra den fardigstampade elektrodens rorelse neat. Vidare maste detta ror vara utfort av ett eldhardigt material och liven MIA kemiska angrepp frail de gaser som bildas vid elektrolysen. Temperaturen hos materialet i den aktiva zonen dvs. vid nedre andel). av kanalen 7 i .elektroden uppmates medelst en pa ritningen icke visad optisk pyrometer .av lampligt slag, vii-ken pyrometer anordnas pa lampligt avstand ,fran ovre anden pa roret 8 och sit att dess optiska axel sammanfaller med axeln hos kanalen 7. The accompanying drawing schematically shows an electrolysis furnace where 1 denotes the container itself, in which the electrolysis takes place. 2 denotes the unducused metal present in the container, for example aluminum saint above this, denotes the mass 3 which is probed by the current through the furnace. Denoted by 4 is the iron sheath which forms the electrode 5 itself. This iron sheath is provided with a transverse beam 6 or other members attached to the sheath 4, at which a channel 7 in the electrode. formande jarnror 8 ar fastat. The tube 8 is slightly conical so that it does not impede the movement of the pre-stamped electrode. Furthermore, this tube must be made of a refractory material and life MIA chemical attack frail the gases formed during the electrolysis. The temperature of the material in the active zone, ie. at lower proportion). of the channel 7 in the electrode is measured by means of an optical pyrometer (not shown in the drawing) of a suitable type, which pyrometer is arranged at a suitable distance from the upper end of the tube 8 and so that its optical axis coincides with the axis of the channel 7.

For att skydda pyrometern mot angrepp fran de vid elektrolysen frigjorda gaserna och for att hindra dessa att skymma stralningen frau den aktiva zonen upp till pyrometern maste en neutral gas blasas in vid riirets 8 ox-re ande. For detta andamal ar roret 8 i Overanden tillslutet av ett genomskinligt Muster eller lins. Den gas som strommar ut vid ne- 2— — deranden air elektroden bortgar genom chargen och uppsamlas i rummet 9 under den vid manteln 4 utformade skarmen 10, varefter den i rummet 9 uppsamlade gasen bortledes fran ugnen. In order to protect the pyrometer from attack by the gases released during the electrolysis and to prevent them from obscuring the radiation from the active zone up to the pyrometer, a neutral gas must be blown in at the ox-end of the tube. For this purpose, the tube 8 in the Overand is closed by a transparent pattern or lens. The gas flowing out at the lower air electrode passes through the charge and is collected in the space 9 under the screen 10 formed at the jacket 4, after which the gas collected in the space 9 is discharged from the furnace.

Claims

1. Pat ent claim: - Hit for continuous supply- of the temperature in the active zone in furnaces for smolt electrolysis can be characterized by the fact that for the temperature supply a per se optical radiation pyrometer is used, as fixed arranged at Upper spirit air a genorn the whole electrol ( 5) gende axiell channel (8) and points towards mid lower spirit ay said channel hefintligt material (3), whereby at byre spirit air channel a neutral gas is blown in which protects the pyrometer from chemical attack and deposits in the channel frail smaltzone ev. instrOmmod gas. Request publications: Patentshrifter from Sverige 144 426, 159 582; France 1,012,637; Germany 473 064, 705 244; USA 2 397 901.