SE184706C1

SE184706C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE184706C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1963-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: P M Carlsson och K F Petersen Prioritet beglird friin den 11 december 1952 (Danmark) FOreliggande uppfinning avser ett fOrfarande for aerob jasning av fasta, organiska avfallsmaterial, sasom hushallsayf all och vaxtavfall i en liggande, roterande behallare under konstgjord luftning. InfOrda i en sadan behallare genomblandas avfallsmaterialen intimt och hela materialmassan forlanas praktiskt taget samma fukthalt. Anbringandet en sadan behallare skapar Sven mojlighet for att ett luftningsmedium shall kunna genomtranga hela materialmassan for uppnaende av homogen jasning. For att luften skall kunna f8rdelas likformigt i den ifyllda materialmassan och en fullstandig nedbrytning av ayfallsmaterialen uppnas, Sr det ay yasentlig betydelse for jasningens praktiska genomförande, att luftningsmecliet infores i behallaren under tryck. Vid ett kant forfarande ay oyannamnda slag tillfOres luftningsmediet genom munstycken, anordnade i eller i omedelbar narhet av behallarens ena gavel, under det att de gaser, som bildas under jasningen, bortforas frail behallarens andra gavel. Luften genomstrammar saledes den roterande behallaren i behallarens axelriktning. Vid denna luftgenomforing i axelriktningen finnes emellertid den risken, att avfallsmaterialen icke genomtrangas likformigt .av luftningsmediet. Detta beror dels pa den omstandigheten, att materialmassan, Sven oni behMlarens fyllningsgrad Sr 100 Vo, under rotation sjunker samman nagot, sS att luften soker sig kings med behallarens vaggar och dennas oversta mantelparti fiir att lattast na fram till behallarens andra gavel, varifran luften aylagsnas utan att tillfyllest ha bidragit till avfallsmaterialets jasning. Detta medfOr den olagenheten, att jasningsprocessen som helhet betraktad sker langsamt och olikformigt och att avfallsmaterialens nedbrytning, oh denna skill vara fullstandig, tar fOrhSllande- viatid. Inventors: P M Carlsson and K F Petersen Priority given to December 11, 1952 (Denmark). Inserted in such a container, the waste materials are intimately mixed and the entire mass of material is provided with practically the same moisture content. The application of such a container creates the possibility for Sven for an aeration medium to be able to penetrate the entire mass of material in order to achieve homogeneous fermentation. In order for the air to be uniformly distributed in the filled material mass and a complete decomposition of the waste materials is achieved, it is of essential importance for the practical implementation of the fermentation that the aeration medium is introduced into the container under pressure. In an edge process of the kind mentioned above, the aeration medium is supplied through nozzles arranged in or in the immediate vicinity of one end of the container, while the gases formed during the fermentation are removed from the other end of the container. The air thus tightens the rotating container in the axial direction of the container. With this air passage in the shaft direction, however, there is the risk that the waste materials will not be penetrated uniformly by the aeration medium. This is partly due to the fact that the mass of material, Sven oni the container's filling degree Sr 100 Vo, decreases slightly during rotation, so that the air seeks its way with the container's cradles and its uppermost mantle portion to be easily reached to the container's other end, from which the air is stored. without having fully contributed to the fermentation of the waste material. This entails the irregularity that the fermentation process as a whole takes place slowly and unevenly and that the decomposition of the waste materials, and this difference to be complete, takes time.

En annan forutsattning for uppnaeride av en tillracklig jasning Sr, att materialmassan genonduftas tillrackligt, sa att koldioxid, som utvecklas under jasningen, avlagsnas. Om luften icke bortfores, ansamlas koldioxid, sO. att jasningsprocessen kan avstanna eller bli anaerob, yilket yore synnerligen olampligt. Lufttillforseln bor dock aven lianas Mom vissa granser, sh att jasningsprocessen icke kan avstanna pa grund av att materialmassan pa vissa stallen tillfOres for mycket luft, da det i sa fall omkring avfallsmaterialets partiklar bildas ett torrt skikt, som forhindrar jasning. Det !rani& harav, att endast en riktig samyerkan mellan och en likformig fordelning av fuktighet, varme och luft i av-- fallsmaterialet kan medfora dettas fullstandiga nedbrytning pa sa hort tid som mojligt, sa att i materialen narvarande kolhydrater, aggviteanmen, cellulosa och lignin av de termofil:a, aeroba bakterierna omvandlas till humus. Another condition for achieving a sufficient fermentation is that the mass of material is sufficiently odorized, so that carbon dioxide, which develops during the fermentation, is removed. If the air is not carried away, carbon dioxide accumulates, sO. that the fermentation process can stop or become anaerobic, which is extremely inappropriate. However, the air supply also has some limitations in liana Mom, so that the fermentation process can not stop because the mass of material in some places is supplied with too much air, as in that case a dry layer is formed around the particles of the waste material, which prevents fermentation. It is clear that only a proper coherence between and a uniform distribution of moisture, heat and air in the waste material can cause its complete decomposition in as short a time as possible, so that in the materials present carbohydrates, aggvitane, cellulose and lignin of the thermophilic aerobic bacteria are converted to humus.

For uppnaende av en sadan fullstandig nedbrytning har man redan fareslagit, att avfallsmaterialen bringas att passera genom behMlaren i dennas langdriktning och blandade med luftningsmedium, sh itt luftningsmediet bildar en sammanhangande fas, skola jasas i Dupl. kl. 16: 10; 16: 11; 16: 12; 85 c: 3/01 85 c: 6/05; 2— — fast form vid f8rh8jd temperatur, som regleras med tillhj alp av att luftningsmediet till-fares behallaren yid dennas mantel och darifran genom ett antal langsmed behallarens langd fordelade oppningar eller munstycken ledes till de fasta materialen. Vid denna lufttillforsel i behallarens tvarriktning uppnas I forhallande till den kanda, forstnamnda lufttillforseln i behallaraxelns riktning en bathe fordelning ay luf ten i behallarens langdriktning, dâ luften tranger in i den ifyllda massan over en starre yta an fallet är yid den namnda axiella lufttillforseln. Under driften soker sig luften till behallarens aversta del. Pa detta salt kan luften emellertid passera den inhomogena materialmassan och bana sig vag genom massan. DA massan pa grund av behallarens rotation halles i standig rorelse Andra passagevagarna genom massan emellertid oavbrutet riktning och storlek, sa aft luften hela tiden kan bana sig nya vagar genom massan. Luften fordelas darigenom effektivt i materialmassan och denna goda genomluftning resulterar i ett sadant paskyndande av jasningen, att den inhomogena materialmassan kan jasa, medan den passerar genom behallaren i dennas langdriktning. Under behallarens rotation forskjutas materialpartiklarna oavbrutet i forhallande till varandra och gnida mot varandra, sâ att en viss sjalvmalning av behallarens innehall ager rum. Vid denna inb8rdes r8relse ay partiklarna uppstar samtidigt en viss pumpverkan i materialmassan, vilken verkan bidrager till att det tillforda luftningsmediet fordelas effektivt genom den inhomogena massan, sá att denna blir grundligt genonaluftad. In order to achieve such a complete decomposition, it has already been dangerous for the waste materials to be passed through the container in its longitudinal direction and mixed with aeration medium, since the aeration medium forms a coherent phase, which must be squeezed in Dupl. at 16:10; 16:11; 16:12; 85 c: 3/01 85 c: 6/05; 2— - solid form at a constant temperature, which is regulated by means of the aeration medium being supplied to the container by its jacket and from there through a number of openings or nozzles distributed along the length of the container being led to the solid materials. In this air supply in the transverse direction of the container, a slight distribution of the air in the longitudinal direction of the container is achieved in relation to the known, first-mentioned air supply in the direction of the container shaft, as the air penetrates into the filled mass over a rigid surface. During operation, the air seeks its way to the lowest part of the container. On this salt, however, the air can pass the inhomogeneous mass of material and travel vaguely through the mass. Due to the rotation of the container, the mass is kept in constant motion. The air is thereby efficiently distributed in the mass of material and this good aeration results in such a acceleration of the fermentation that the inhomogeneous mass of material can be fermented, while it passes through the container in its longitudinal direction. During the rotation of the container, the material particles are continuously displaced in relation to each other and rub against each other, so that a certain self-grinding of the contents of the container takes place. During this movement of the particles, a certain pumping action arises in the mass of material at the same time, which action contributes to the supplied aeration medium being distributed efficiently through the inhomogeneous mass, so that it becomes thoroughly genonalized.

Den fordelaktiga verkan av det i behallarens tvarriktning tillforda luftningsmediet med hansyn till effektiv genomtrangning av materialmassan med luft kan dock avtaga en del, nar behallarens tvardimension blir for stor, och den materialpelare, som skall genomtrangas av luften blir for hog och tung, sâ att den icke langre pa. behorigt salt kan gen.omtrangas av det vid manteln tillforda luftningsmediet. However, the beneficial effect of supplying the aeration medium in the transverse direction of the container with respect to efficient penetration of the mass of material with air may decrease somewhat when the cross-dimension of the container becomes too large and the column of material to be penetrated by the air becomes too high and heavy. no longer pa. proper salt can be permeated by the aeration medium supplied to the jacket.

Foreliggande uppfinning visar ett satt, pa vilket denna svarighet kan undvikas, utan att detta sker pa bekostnad av de fordelar, som uppnas vid lufttillforsel i i behallarens tvarriktning. Uppfinningen kannetecknas darav, att avfallsmaterialen i blandning med ett luftningsmedium jases i fast form vid forhojd temperatur, som regleras med tillhjãlp av luftningsmediet, vilket tillfores behallaren ge, nom ett axiellt, i behallarens inre anordnat ror, som stracker sig i behallarens langdriktning, och frail detta ror genom ett antal appningar eller munstycken i rarets vagg, till-gores de fasta materialen. Fran detta ror her luften kortare vag till behallarens oversta del an om den tillfordes vid behallarens mantel ph stallen, som under behallarens rotation aro beldgna i behallarens n.edersta del, men likaväl bibehallas de fordelaktiga verkningar, som erhallas vid en luftning tvart emot behallaraxelns riktning, da alla delar av den i behallaren ifyllda materialmassan pa. grund av behallarens rotation efter hand riira sig bort Over r8ret, sa. att hela materialmassan blir effektivt genomluftad. The present invention shows a method in which this liability can be avoided without this being at the expense of the advantages obtained in the supply of air in the transverse direction of the container. The invention is characterized in that the waste materials in admixture with an aeration medium are solidified at elevated temperature, which is regulated by means of the aeration medium, which is supplied to the container by means of an axial tube arranged in the interior of the container, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the container. this row through a number of openings or nozzles in the cradle of the rig, the solid materials are made. From this the air travels shorter to the upper part of the container than if it is supplied to the container's mantle ph stables, which during the rotation of the container are bellows in the lower part of the container, but still retain the beneficial effects obtained by aeration opposite the direction of the container shaft. , when all parts of the material mass filled in the container pa. due to the rotation of the container gradually riira sig bort Over r8ret, sa. that the entire mass of material is effectively aerated.

I vissa fall kan det vara lampligt att tilllampa foreliggande uppfinning i forening med det forstnamnda forfarandet yid vilket luftningsmediet tillfores behallaren yid dennas mantel. In some cases, it may be appropriate to apply the present invention in conjunction with the aforementioned method in which the aeration medium is supplied to the container under its jacket.

Vid ett kant forfarande, som Oven hanfor sig till nedbrytning av organiska avfallsmaterial, suspenderas avfallsmaterialen, eventuellt efter en foregaende finfordelning, i en vatska, genom vilken luft biases, sa att vatskan bildar den sammanhangande fasen. I motsats till vid foreliggande uppfinning arbetar man enligt det kanda forfarandet med en deciderad uppslamning, genom att aven den avgaende produkten, som lamnar behallaren, är flytande, och nedbrytningen sker icke vid forh8jd, reglerad temperatur. In an edge process, as in the case of the decomposition of organic waste materials, the waste materials are suspended, possibly after a previous comminution, in a liquid through which air is biased, so that the liquid forms the cohesive phase. In contrast to the present invention, according to the known method, a definite slurry is used, in that even the effluent product which leaves the container is liquid, and the decomposition does not take place at an elevated, controlled temperature.

Uppfinningen avser vidare anordning far genomforande av forfarandet. Anordningen ornfattar en liggande, roterbar behallare, som Or fOrsedd med organ for konstgjord luftning och enligt uppfinningen omfattar luftningsorganen ett med en Ulla for luft under Overtryck forhundet Dar, som stracker sig in i behallarens inre med sin axel sammanfallande med behallarens rotationsaxel och som ãr forsedd med Over sin langd fordelade Oppningar eller munstycken, som forbinda rorets halighet med behallarens innerrum. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method. The device comprises a horizontal, rotatable container, which is provided with means for artificial aeration and according to the invention the aeration means comprise a barrel with an Ulla for air under pressure, which extends into the interior of the container with its axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the container and which is provided with over its length distributed openings or nozzles, which connect the hollow of the rudder to the inner space of the container.

Jamfort med den kanda lufttillforseln, ddr luftningsmediet tillfores behallarens inre Iran behallarens ena gavel i loehallaramelns riktning kan man, nar lufttillforseln sasom enligt uppfinningen skall ske i behallarens tvarriktning, pa olika salt uppna, att vissa tvarsnittspartier av hehallaren fa naera (eller mindre) luft an behallarens iivriga tyarsnittspartier. Sasom namnts skall luftningsmediet tillfaras behallarens inre fran oppningar eller munstycken, som Oro fordelade Over behallarens langd. Enligt uppfinningen kunna Otmillstone nagra av .dessa oppningar eller munstycken vara anordnade att kunna stangas eller oppnas efter behov individuellt eller gruppvis. Pa. detta satt kan lufttillfarseln till de tvarsnittspartier av behallaren, som ligga utanfor dessa oppningar eller munstycken, regleras eller varieras, sO att ternperaturen kan regleras efter onskan i dessa partier. Compared to the known air supply, where the aeration medium is supplied to the inner Iran of the container, one end of the container in the direction of the container rail, when the air supply as according to the invention is to take place in the transverse direction of the container, on different salts the container's iivriga tyarsnittspartier. As mentioned, the aeration medium must be supplied to the interior of the container from openings or nozzles, which Oro distributed over the length of the container. According to the invention, at least some of these openings or nozzles may be arranged to be able to be closed or opened as required individually or in groups. Pa. In this way, the air supply to the cross-sectional portions of the container, which lie outside these openings or nozzles, can be regulated or varied, so that the temperature can be regulated as desired in these portions.

Olika stor lufttillforsel till vid sidan av varandra belagna tvarsnittspartier av behallaren kan enligt uppfinningen ske genom att oppningarna eller munstyckena aro olikformigt f8rdelade eller rorets ldngd. Alltefter hur tatt oppningarna eller munstyckena ligga — —3 Yid sidan av varandra kommer lufttillforseln till ifragavarande tvarsnittspartier att vara mer eller mindre stor. Awn en kombination ay dessa bada utforingsformer dr mojlig. According to the invention, different large air supplies to side-by-side cross-sectional portions of the container can take place by the openings or nozzles being uniformly distributed or the length of the pipe. Depending on how the openings or nozzles are located - —3 Yid side of each other, the air supply to the cross-sectional portions in question will be more or less large. Awn a combination ay these both embodiments dr possible.

Sasom namnts kommer den pa grund av tillforsel i behallarens tvarriktning astadkomna, likformiga fordelningen av luften genom den ifyllda materialmassan att gynna jasningsprocessen I sa vasentlig grad, att det blir mojligt att genomfora jasning av avfallsmaterialen i behallaren som en kontinuerlig, oavbruten process. Lufttillforseln kan darvid yarieras pa sadant satt Over behallarens langd, att det under materialens passage genom behallaren bildas en uppvarmnings-, en jasnings- och en torkningszon, genom att passagehastigheten Mlles Mom sadana granser, att avfallsmaterialen ha jast i hog grad, nar de lanma behallaren. Med uttrycket avses att hela behandlingen i behallaren bar kontinuerlig karaktar, da materialet passerar genona behallaren fran dennas ifyllnings- till dennas uttomningsande och under denna passage underkastas en jasning. Detta galler aven om ifyllningen och uttomningen i praktiken endast sker under en tidrymd av t. ex. 8 timmar per dag. As mentioned, due to supply in the transverse direction of the container, the uniform distribution of the air through the filled material mass will favor the fermentation process to such an extent that it will be possible to ferment the waste materials in the container as a continuous, uninterrupted process. The air supply can then be varied in such a way over the length of the container that during the passage of the materials through the container a heating, a fermentation and a drying zone is formed, by the passage speed Mlles Mom such that the waste materials have fermented to a high degree when . The term means that the entire treatment in the container was of a continuous nature, as the material passes through the container from its filling to its emptying end and during this passage is subjected to a fermentation. This also applies if the filling and emptying in practice only takes place for a period of time of e.g. 8 hours a day.

TillfOrsel av luften i behallarens tyarriktning giver vidare mojligheten att man kan lata materialmassans temperatur under massans passage genom behallaren stiga till cirha 60-70° C genom att begransa tillforseln av luftningsmedium, varigenom massans avkylning nedsattes, sa att massan genomgar en pastenrisering. Man kan lata denna uppyarmning ske i vilket tvarsnittsparti som heist av jasningszonen. The supply of air in the thyr direction of the container further makes it possible to let the temperature of the pulp during the passage of the pulp through the container rise to about 60-70 ° C by limiting the supply of aeration medium, whereby the cooling of the pulp is reduced, so that the pulp undergoes a pasteurization. This heating can be allowed to take place in any cross-sectional portion of the fermentation zone.

Uppfinningen skall i det fOljande beskrivas n5rmare under hanvisning till ritningen, som schematiskt visar ett langdsnitt genom en anordning enligt uppfinningen. En roterbar behallare 10 har en tillforselsnacka 14 for avfallsmaterial anordnad i sin ena gavel 12. 1 behallarens andra gavel 16 finnes ett utlopp 18. I behallarens inre finnes ett rbr 20, som stracker sig igenom behallaren och vars axel sammanfaller med behillarens rotationsaxel. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which schematically shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention. A rotatable container 10 has a supply nozzle 14 for waste material arranged in its one end 12. In the other end 16 of the container there is an outlet 18. In the interior of the container there is a tube 20 which extends through the container and whose axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the container.

I rorets vagg finnas ett antal Oppningar 22 eller munstycken, som icke aro visade. Roret 20 kan stâ stilla eller rotera tillsammans med behallaren. Floret dr forbundet med en kalla for tryckluft, som lake dr visad. Avfallsmaterial, som ledas till behallaren med hjalp av tillforselsnackan 14, passera under behallarens rotation igenom behallaren fran vanster till hOger. Under driften dr behallaren uppdelad i tre zoner, namligen en uppyarmningszon for avfallsmaterialet i narheten ay gaveln 12, en jasningszon, som stracker sig Over storsta delen av behallarens langd, och en torkningszon i narheten ay gaveln 16, i 141- ken zon mer luft tillfores an jasningen kan forbruka i silt slutstadium, varfor behallarens innehall efter hand underkastas uttorkning och avkylning. Den jasta produkten, komposten, avlagsnas darefter genom utloppet 18, varefter den eventuellt siktas. Den for avfallsmaterialens jasning och torkning erforderliga luften fores med hjalp av rOret 20 inifran och utat i behallaraxelns tvarriktning. DA. luftbehovet i de olika zonerna kan vara olika stort eller variera, t. ex. pagrund av avfallsmaterialens sammansattning, kunna atminstone nagra av Oppningarna eller munstyckena vara utrustade med installbara sparrorgan, sa att de efter behov kunna stangas och Oppnas. Olika stor lufttillfOrsel till vid sidan av varandra belagna partier ay behallaren kan amen uppnas genom att Oppningarna eller munstyckena aro olikformigt fordelade Over rorets langd. Ett exempel pa denna utforingsform visas pa ritningen. Aven en. kombination ay dessa tyd utforingsformer kan med fordel anvandas. Oppningarna eller munstyckena pa roret kunna vara sh anordnad.e, att det finns saval neat som uppat riktade oppningar, sasom med streck 22 antytts pa ritningen. Det kan dock awn vara tillrackligt med oppningar eller munstycken, som aro riktade antingen uppat eller nedat eller at sidan. Da Oppningarna eller munstyckena genomblases av luften, aro de splyrensande. In the cradle of the rudder there are a number of openings 22 or nozzles, which are not shown. The rudder 20 can stand still or rotate together with the container. Floret dr associated with a cold for compressed air, as lake dr shown. Waste material, which is led to the container by means of the supply neck 14, passes during the rotation of the container through the container from left to right. During operation, the container is divided into three zones, namely a heating zone for the waste material near the end 12, a fermentation zone, which extends over most of the length of the container, and a drying zone near the end 16, in which more air is supplied. the fermentation can be consumed in the silt final stage, which is why the contents of the container are gradually subjected to dehydration and cooling. The fermented product, the compost, is then deposited through the outlet 18, after which it is possibly sieved. The air required for the fermentation and drying of the waste material is conveyed by means of the tube 20 from the inside and out in the transverse direction of the container shaft. DA. the air demand in the different zones can be different in size or vary, e.g. Due to the composition of the waste materials, at least some of the openings or nozzles may be equipped with installable ratchet means, so that they can be closed and opened as needed. Different sizes of air supply to adjacent parts of the container can be achieved by the openings or nozzles being uniformly distributed over the length of the tube. An example of this embodiment is shown in the drawing. Aven en. combination ay these clear embodiments can be used to advantage. The openings or nozzles on the pipe can be arranged so that there are no openings as directed directions, as indicated by line 22 in the drawing. However, openings or nozzles that are directed either up or down or to the side may be sufficient. As the openings or nozzles are blown through by the air, they are purifying.

Den. aygaende luften med de under jasningen bildade gaserna kan avlagsnas fran behallaren 10 yid behallarens tillforselande exempelvis genom gaveln 12. The. the air with the gases formed during the fermentation can be removed from the container 10 by the supply of the container, for example through the end 12.

Claims

Patent claim:

1. Process for aerobic disposal of solid organic waste materials, such as household waste or plant waste, in a horizontal, rotating container under artificial aeration, characterized in that the waste materials in admixture with an aeration medium are solidified at elevated temperature, which is controlled by the aeration medium , which is fed to the container through an axial tube arranged in the interior of the container, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the container, and from which this tube is fed through a number of openings or nozzles in the cradle of the tube.

Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising a horizontal, rotatable container provided with means for artificial aeration, characterized in that the aeration means comprise a tube (20) connected to a cold air under overpressure, which stretches iii In the interior of the container (10) with its axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the container and the zone are provided with openings (22) or nozzles distributed over its length, which connect the sloping of the container (20) to the inner space of the container (10).

3. Device according to patent claim 2, characterized in that at least some of the openings (22) or the nozzles are arranged to be able to be stopped and opened as required.

Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the openings (22) or the nozzles are uniformly distributed over the length of the tube (20). Request publications: Patent documents from Sweden 99 386.