SE183103C1

SE183103C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE183103C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1963-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: P I Wyndham Prioritet begtird frail den 31 mars 1955 (Storbritannien) FOreliggande uppfinning hanfor sig till signaldetektorer eller -mottagare och da narmare bestamt till detektorer eller mottagare, i vilka lagfrekventa utgangssignaler i en likstromsforstarkares utgangskrets anvandas fOr manovrering av likstrOmsrelaer eller kopplin gsapparater. Inventor: P In the Wyndham Priority dated March 31, 1955 (United Kingdom), the present invention relates to signal detectors or receivers and more particularly to detectors or receivers in which low frequency output signals of a DC amplifier output circuit are used to maneuver covert maneuvers.

F8r tillfredsstallande funktion Sr det onskvart, alt den tid det paverkade relaet Sr tillslaget skall vara i huvudsak densamma oavsett signalnivan. Detta Sr normalt icke fallet, eftersom de mottagna signalstromspulserna pa intet satt aro fyrkantiga och eftersom relaet slar till och ifran vid en viss niva, tenderar tillslagstiden att bli langre for signaler av hog niva. Denna effekt kan till en viss grad motverkas genom att anvanda gallerstrom for laddning av en kondensator for astadkommande av en omkastad gallerf Orspanningoch genom lampligt val av tidskonstanten for kretsen kan man uppna, att fOr signaler av hog nivk forsenas tidpunkten for relaets tillslagning och framflyttas tidpunkten fOr franslagning jamfort med vid signaler av lag niva. For satisfactory operation, it is undesirable, as long as the affected relay is on, it must be substantially the same regardless of the signal level. This is not normally the case, since the received signal current pulses are in no way square and since the relay switches on and off at a certain level, the switch-on time tends to be longer for high level signals. This effect can to a certain extent be counteracted by using a grating current for charging a capacitor to produce a reversed grating voltage, and by carefully selecting the time constant for the circuit it can be achieved that for signals of high level the time for switching on the relay is delayed and the time for fringing compared with at signals of low level.

I praktiken Sr emellertid icke alltid korrektion pa detta satt tillfyllest och huvudandamalet med foreliggande uppfinning Sr att Astadkomma en forbattrad kopplingsanordning, varigenom den effektiva varaktigheten av signalpulserna for manovrering av relaet och mellanrummen mellan pulserna kunna lianas i huvudsak oforandrade Over ett vidstrackt omrade av nivavariationer. In practice, however, this correction is not always sufficient and the main object of the present invention is to provide an improved switching device, whereby the effective duration of the signal pulses for maneuvering the relay and the intervals between the pulses can be lined substantially unchanged over a wide range of level variations.

Enligt uppfinningen uppnas detta genom att i detektorn eller mottagaren anordna en transientdetektor for alstring av en transientforspanning, vars amplitud varierar med lutningen pa signalens eller dess envelopps framre flank, samt medal for patryckning av denna forspanning pa forstarkarens galler Over en for signalen och forspanningen gemensam ingangskanal i motsatt riktning mot den signalspanning, frail vilken forspanningen Sr avledd, sa att genom gallerstrOmmens verkan vid laddning av en kondensator i motsatt riktning mot signalspanningen relaets tillslagning fOrdrojes, medan dess franslagning paskyndas. According to the invention, this is achieved by arranging in the detector or receiver a transient detector for generating a transient bias voltage, the amplitude of which varies with the inclination of the front edge of the signal or its envelope, and a medal for printing this bias voltage on the amplifier's grid. in the opposite direction to the signal voltage, from which the bias voltage Sr is derived, said that by the action of the grid current when charging a capacitor in the opposite direction to the signal voltage the switching on of the relay is delayed, while its tripping is accelerated.

Uppfinningen forklaras narmare i f6ljande beskrivning av pa bifogade ritning visade utforingsformer. Fig. 1 visar ett kurvdiagram askadliggOrande arbetssattet for en kand detektortyp. Fig. 2 visar en forenklad koppling, vilken kan fungera enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 3 visar ett kurvdiagram askadliggarande funktionen hos ett rela matat av en detektor enligt uppfinningen. Fig. 4 visar en modifikation av kopplingen enligt fig. 2. Fig. 5 visar ett mera fullstandigt kopplingsschema fOr en detektor liknande den i fig. 4. The invention is explained in more detail in the following description of embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing. Fig. 1 shows a curve diagram of the working mode of a known detector type. Fig. 2 shows a simplified coupling, which can function according to the invention. Fig. 3 shows a graph diagram of the ash-damaging function of a relay fed by a detector according to the invention. Fig. 4 shows a modification of the coupling according to Fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows a more complete wiring diagram for a detector similar to that of Fig. 4.

Arbetssattet hos de kanda detektorerna askadliggores schematiskt i fig. 1, dar (a) visar relaets reaktion for en signal med lag niva och (b) dess reaktion for en signal med hog nivd. Det antages, att barvagsmodulerade signaler av lika langd utsandas vid sandaren och att under vissa overforingsfOrhallanden signalen (a) och att under andra forhallanden signalen (b) kommer att mottagas efter den i mottagaren utfOrda omvandlingen, varvid skillnaden mellan signalerna visas starkt overdriven i diagrammet. Signaleringsrelaet arbetar vhf en effektiv likstromssignalniva x och till foljd av den branta vagfronten f1 hos vaxelstrOmssignalens envelopp for hognivasignalen nar likstromsutgangssignalen arbetsnivan tidigare an i lagnivasignalfallet. Harav torde inses, att varaktigheten hos den resulterande likstromssignalen, vilken antydes med den dubbla linj en, Sr langre i fallet (b) an. i fallet (a), med tiden t1 saval vid framre som vid bakre flanken, medan onskemalet är, att den effektiva, relaet paverkande likstramssignalen Or lika i bada fallen. The operation of the known detectors is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1, where (a) shows the response of the relay for a low level signal and (b) its response to a high level signal. It is assumed that barewave modulated signals of equal length are transmitted at the transmitter and that in some transmission conditions the signal (a) and in other conditions the signal (b) will be received after the conversion performed in the receiver, the difference between the signals being strongly exaggerated in the diagram. The signaling relay operates by means of an effective direct current signal level x and as a result of the steep wave front f1 of the envelope of the alternating current signal for the high level signal when the direct current output signal operates earlier than in the low level signal case. From this it should be understood that the duration of the resulting direct current signal, which is indicated by the double line one, is longer in case (b). in case (a), with the time t1 saval at the front as at the rear flank, while the wish is that the effective, relaet affecting the DC signal Or is the same in both cases.

Det torde vara klart, att den gallret i detektorforstarkaren patryekta signalfOrspanning- 2— — en kontrollerar varaktigheten hos utgangssignalen och att om signalforspanningen kunde regleras i beroende av signalenveloppens hit-fling och i en sadan riktning, att likstromssignalens stigning till nivan fordrojes och eller avtagandet paskyndas till samma niva skulle det onskade resultatet kunna uppnas. It should be clear that the grating in the detector amplifier's patterned signal bias voltage controls the duration of the output signal and that if the signal bias voltage could be adjusted depending on the hit-fling of the signal envelope and in such a direction that the rise of the DC signal is delayed and the deceleration is accelerated to the same level, the desired result could be achieved.

Ett utfi:irande av en detektor, som kan anvandas for att na detta resultat askadliggOres i fig. 2. Det antages, att barvagsmodulerade fingerskivesignaler utsandes och att en inkommande vaxelstromssignal, exempelvis i 4 kp/s bandet, forstarkes vid A och likriktas av en vaxelstroms-likstromskonverter W. Den likriktade signalen inmatas till en transientdetektor Y, som är inkopplad mellan ingangsforstarkaren A och den av r6ret V1 med fOrspanningskretsen Ri, C1 bildade likstromsforstarkaren Anodkretsen till roret V1 innehaller belastningsrelaet P, som pa kant satt är forsett med en forspanningslindning w for neutralisering av de staende likstromskomponenter, som passera genom reldets manoverlindning, och for mojliggorande av installningar for kompensering av variationer I rorparametrar och for andra andamal. Konvertern avger likriktade pulser, som alltid atfOljas av frainre och bakre transientkomponenter. Dessa transienta komponenter, som upptrada vid bakre och framre flankerna pa den fran konvertern utgaende likstromssignalen och ga genom pritnarlindningen i transformatorn TR1, inducera en strom i sekundarlindningen, som pa grund av helvagslikriktaren MR1 och belastningsmotstandet 112 alstrar en laddning pa kondensatorn G2, som ar en funktion av lutningen hos den av forstfirkaren A avgivna vaxelstromssignalens envelopp och foljaktligen aven av den till fOrstarkaren A inkommande vaxelstromssignalens niva. Laddningen pa kondensatorn C2 ãr anordnad att vara av sadan polaritet, att den motverkar den fran vaxelstroms-likstromskonvertern W kommande likstromssignalen, vilken sasom torde inses astadkommer en potential Over motstandet R. Effekten av denna signal och den motverkande forspanningen blir en resulterande signal pa gallret I rOret V1, vars varaktighet ar mera oberoende av vaxelstromssignalens niva an den skulle vara utan den transienta forspanningen. Denna effekt askadliggOres i kurvdiagrammet I fig. 3, dar (a) och (b) ater visa verkan av signaler med lag niva och med hog niva. An embodiment of a detector which can be used to achieve this result is not shown in Fig. 2. It is assumed that bare-wave modulated finger disk signals are transmitted and that an incoming AC signal, for example in the 4 kp / s band, is amplified at A and rectified by a alternating current DC converter W. The rectified signal is input to a transient detector Y, which is connected between the input amplifier A and the DC amplifier formed by the tube V1 with the bias circuit C1, C1. The anode circuit of the tube V1 contains the load relay P, which is for neutralization of the standing direct current components, which pass through the control winding of the fire, and for enabling installations to compensate for variations in rudder parameters and for other purposes. The converter emits rectified pulses, which are always accompanied by inner and rear transient components. These transient components, which occur at the rear and front edges of the DC signal emanating from the converter and pass through the printer winding in the transformer TR1, induce a current in the secondary winding which, due to the full-wave rectifier MR1 and the load resistor 112, generates a charge on the capacitor G2. function of the slope of the envelope of the alternating current signal emitted by the amplifier A and consequently also of the level of the alternating current signal coming to the amplifier A. The charge on the capacitor C2 is arranged to be of such a polarity that it counteracts the direct current signal coming from the AC-DC converter W, which as will be appreciated provides a potential across the resistor R. The effect of this signal and the counter-bias becomes a resultant signal on the grating I tube V1, the duration of which is more independent of the level of the AC signal than it would be without the transient bias voltage. This effect is shown in the curve diagram in Fig. 3, where (a) and (b) show the effect of signals with low level and with high level.

I (a) ar transientforspanningen g, som alstras i opposition till den initierande likstromssignalen forsumbar pa grund av den svaga lutningen hos vagfronten f, pa vaxelstromssignalens envelopp. In (a), the transient bias voltage generated in opposition to the initiating DC signal is negligible due to the slight slope of the wavefront f on the envelope of the AC signal.

I (b) ar transientforspanningen gib stor pa grund av den branta lutningen hos va.gfronten f3 pa vaxelstromssignalens envelopp. Denna motverkar den initierande likstromsignalen och alstrar darmed en effektiv likstroms ingangssignal, som visas med den streckade kurvan g21', vilken (med antagande av en. ilknande effekt vid signalens slut) begransar varaktigheten hos den effektiva likstromssignal, som paverkar relaet, till ett varde t3, vilket narmar sig varaktigheten t2 hos den likstromssignal, som avledes fran vaxelstromssignalen med lag niva. In (b) the transient bias is large due to the steep slope of the wavefront f3 on the envelope of the AC signal. This counteracts the initiating direct current signal and thereby generates an effective direct current input signal, which is shown by the dashed curve g21 ', which (assuming a similar effect at the end of the signal) limits the duration of the effective direct current signal affecting the relay to a value t3. , which approaches the duration t2 of the DC signal derived from the low level AC signal.

Punkten y pa transformatorns sekundarlindning kan anslutas till jord eller alternativt till en positiv forspanningskalla, som astadkommer en troskelkontroll for transientforspanningens varde. Likasa patryckes gallret i r6ret Vi en negativ forspanning pa kant salt for att reducera den staende anodstrOnamen ehuru nagon motsvarande forspanningskalla icke visats i fig. 2. The point y on the secondary winding of the transformer can be connected to earth or alternatively to a positive bias voltage source, which provides a threshold check for the value of the transient bias voltage. Similarly, the grid is pressed into the tube with a negative bias on the edge of salt to reduce the standing anode current, although no corresponding bias head is shown in Fig. 2.

Det har i praktiken visat sig, att ndr lutningen pa vaxelstromssignalens envelopp ãr relativt stor, dvs ndr enveloppen narmar sig rektangular form, sasom fallet är vid fingerskivesignaler, ar korrektion vid bada andarna av signalen icke nodvandig. I allmanhet ar aven av nedan angivna skal en transientforspanning fran framre flanken att foredraga framfor transientforspanning fran bakre flanken. God korrektion for signalnivavariationer erhalles därfOr enligt uppfinningen aven genom anvandning av en halvvagslikriktare MR2, &Isom visas i fig. 4 i stallet for helvagslikriktaren MR1, i vilket fall Iransientforspanningssignalen. frail bakre flanken i fig. 3 icke kommer att upptrada, i det att polariteten hos sekundarlindningen i transformatorn TR1 gOr att denna puls undertryekes. De anvanda likriktarna kunna lampligen vara av halvledarklassen, ehuru aven hOgvakuumdioder utan vidare kunna anvandas. Transientforspanningens niva kan regleras pa i det fOljande fOrklarat salt. It has been found in practice that when the inclination of the envelope of the alternating current signal is relatively large, i.e. when the envelope approaches a rectangular shape, as is the case with finger disk signals, correction at both spirits of the signal is not necessary. In general, even from the following, a transient bias from the front flank should be preferable to a transient bias from the rear flank. Good correction for signal level variations is therefore obtained according to the invention also by using a half-wave rectifier MR2, & As shown in Fig. 4 in the place of the full-wave rectifier MR1, in which case the Iransient bias signal. frail the rear edge of Fig. 3 will not occur, in that the polarity of the secondary winding in the transformer TR1 causes this pulse to be suppressed. The rectifiers used can suitably be of the semiconductor class, although high vacuum diodes can also be used without further ado. The level of the transient bias can be regulated in the following explained salt.

Det torde inses, att i allmanhet kommer den av transientforspanningssignalen alstrade tidsforskjutningen av huvudsignalens framre flank att vara beroende av kretskonstanterna for sekundarkretsen till transformatorn TR1 och kan installas pa lfimpligt satt. Ett ytterligare utmarkande drag for denna detektors arbetssatt ar emellertid, att for en viss transientforspanningskrets varierar den av transientforspanningen alstrade fOrskjutningen med nivan hos den signal, fran vilken den ar avledd. Detta beror pa gallerstrommens verkan i den av motstandet R1 och den darned parallellkopplade kondensatorn C1 bildade gallerforspanningskretsen. I fall av signaler med hog niva upptrader en avsevard gallerstrom, innan signalen nar sitt fulla varde, och denna gallerstrom astadkommer genom att alstra en omkastad forspanfling Over kondensatorn C, en fordrojning av relaets tillslagning. Far signaler av lag niva Or denna effekt mycket raindre och kan vara forsumbar. Vid pulsens bakre flank kommer flankens lutning hos en signal med hog — —3 niva att vara sadan, aft signalstr8mmen sjunker till noll pa en tid, son( är mindre an tidskonstanten for kretsen 111, C, och foljaktligen blir den omkastade forspanningen verksam for paskyndande av relaets franslagning. Denna verkan kommer att vara mindre uttalad vid signaler av lag niva, enar den omkastade fOrspanningen da är lagre. It will be appreciated that, in general, the time shift of the leading edge of the main signal generated by the transient bias signal will depend on the circuit constants of the secondary circuit of the transformer TR1 and may be conveniently installed. A further distinguishing feature of the operation of this detector, however, is that for a given transient bias circuit, the offset generated by the transient bias voltage varies with the level of the signal from which it is derived. This is due to the action of the grid drum in the grid bias circuit formed by the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 connected there in parallel. In the case of high-level signals, a considerable grating current occurs before the signal reaches its full value, and this grating current achieves by generating a reversed bias across the capacitor C, a delay of the switching on of the relay. Receive signals of law level Or this effect is very rare and can be negligible. At the trailing edge of the pulse, the slope of the edge of a signal with a high level will be such that the signal current drops to zero in a time which is less than the time constant of the circuit 111, C, and consequently the reversed bias voltage becomes effective for acceleration. This effect will be less pronounced with signals of law level, the reversed bias voltage is then lower.

Ehuru ovan endast drift med tonpulssignalering, dvs. det driftsatt, dar signaler sandas genom patryckning av tonpulser under signaleringsperioden, har diskuterats, kunna signaldetektor av den beskrivna typen aven anvandas for att detektera ett signalelement bestaende av en. diskontinuitet av viss varaktighet i en kontinuerlig vaxelstrom, vilket driftsatt ma benamnas tonavbrottssignalering. Although above only operation with tone pulse signaling, ie. In operation where signals are transmitted by printing tone pulses during the signaling period has been discussed, signal detectors of the type described may also be used to detect a signal element consisting of one. discontinuity of a certain duration in a continuous alternating current, which in operation must be called tone interruption signaling.

Nar ett ingangssignaltag innehaller element med varaktigheten. T, alskilda av element med varaktighet Tb, är det uppenbart att p. grund av tiden T, for den rorliga relakontaktens rorelse kommer med en lamplig forspanning den frail detektorn utgaende signalen att innehalla element med varaktigheten T, atskilda av element med varaktigheten T,--2T, eller element av varaktigheten Tb atskilda av element med varaktigheten T,-2T,. Tonavbrottsdrift innebar narmare bestamt, att om omkastningar harstammande frau exempel-vis pulser om 20 millisekunder tilh och millisekunder fran» inforas skulle relaet ideellt alstra pulser om 20 millisekunder pa brytkontakterna. Endr reldets rorelsetid ar omkring 1 millisekund i vardera riktningen, innebar detta 18 millisekunder pa slutkontakterna. Tonavbrottsdrift innebar, att med samma ingangssignal reldet ideellt skulle giva pulser pa 20 millisekunder pa slutkontakterna. When an input signal tag contains elements of duration. T, separated by elements of duration Tb, it is obvious that due to the time T, for the motion of the movable relay contact, with a lamp bias the frail detector output signal will contain elements of duration T, separated by elements of duration T, - -2T, or elements of duration Tb separated by elements of duration T, -2T ,. More specifically, tone interruption operation meant that if reversals originating from, for example, pulses of 20 milliseconds to and milliseconds from "were introduced, the relay would ideally generate pulses of 20 milliseconds on the switch contacts. If the world's operating time is about 1 millisecond in each direction, this meant 18 milliseconds on the final contacts. Tone interruption operation meant that with the same input signal the fire would ideally give pulses of 20 milliseconds on the final contacts.

Det är tydligt, att tonavbrottsdrift kraver mindre negativ forspanning i likstrOmsfOrstarkaren An tonpulsdrift och det har joke vi-sat sig mojligt att uppratthalla relapulsernas varaktighet i bada fallen blott genom att variera reldforspanningen. Reglering av transientforspanningen kraves aven och den onskade effekten uppnas genom att ge saval mind-re transientforspanning som mindre relaforspanning under tonavbrottsdrift. Den Iransienta forspanningen reduceras, sasom skall beskrivas nedan, genom att uttaga endast en del av totalspanningen Over transformatorn. Verkan av en forspanningsreglering vid en, signal med lag niva askadliggores schematiskt I fig. 3(a)', dar t2 antyder relakontaktens tillslagettid under vissa villkor och t4 under andra villkor. Dot torde observeras, att den nivaforspanningskorrektion, som tillAmpas for to-tillstandet ar olamplig f8r 4-tillstandet och foljaktligen. ãr ett ytterligare kannetecken for foreliggande uppfinning, att amplituden hos den transienta forspanningen valjes sâ, att detektorn patrycker detekterade signaler med hog nivâ en. varaktighetstiorrektion lampad for relaets eller liknande apparats forspanningsinstallning. It is clear that tone interruption operation requires less negative bias voltage in the DC amplifier. A tone pulse operation, and it has been shown that it is possible to maintain the duration of the relapulses in both cases simply by varying the current bias voltage. Regulation of the transient bias is also required and the desired effect is achieved by giving both less transient bias and less relay bias during tone interrupt operation. The Iranian bias voltage is reduced, as will be described below, by removing only a portion of the total voltage across the transformer. The effect of a bias voltage control at a low level signal is schematically illustrated in Fig. 3 (a) ', where t2 indicates the switch-on time of the relay contact under certain conditions and t4 under other conditions. It should be noted, however, that the level bias correction applied to the two-state is unsuitable for the 4-state and consequently. A further feature of the present invention is that the amplitude of the transient bias voltage is selected so that the detector prints detected high level signals. duration tier correction lamped for the bias installation of the relay or similar device.

Ett salt, pa vilket detta kart utforas, antydes schematiskt i fig. 4, dar sekundarlindningen i transformatorn TR1 visas f8rsedd med en omkopplare med ett antal uttagspunkter a, b, c, som mojliggor val av olika transformeringssteg och darmed installning av storleken pa laddningen pa kondensatorn C2 och amplituden pa den transienta forspanningen. Denna verkan kan aven astadkommas medelst ett variabelt belastningsmotstand Over sekundarlindningen i transformatorn TR1 eller genom variation av tidskonstanten hos C2, R2. Samma metoder kunna anvandas i kopplingen enligt fig. 2. A salt, on which this map is performed, is schematically indicated in Fig. 4, where the secondary winding in the transformer TR1 is shown provided with a switch with a number of outlet points a, b, c, which enables selection of different transformation steps and thus installation of the size of the charge on capacitor C2 and the amplitude of the transient bias voltage. This effect can also be achieved by means of a variable load resistance over the secondary winding in the transformer TR1 or by varying the time constant of C2, R2. The same methods can be used in the coupling according to Fig. 2.

Verkan av variation av den transienta forspanningens amplitud pa detta satt askadliggores schematiskt vid den framre flanken pa det i fig. 3(b), visade signalelementet, dar och V visa den transienta forspanningen vid ett Mgt resp. ett lagt upptransformeringsfOrhallande svarande mot uttagspunkterna a och c i fig. 4, varjamte g2 och V visa den effektiva tidsforskjutningen av den framre flanken hos den detekterade signalen. Kopplingen kan 'au anordnas sa, att en enkel med omkopplaren i fig. 4 sammankopplad stromstallare omstaller detektorn Iran tonavbrotistill tonpulsdrift eller vice versa. The effect of variation of the amplitude of the transient bias voltage on this set is shown schematically at the front edge of the signal element shown in Fig. 3 (b), where and V show the transient bias voltage at a Mgt resp. a set up-transformation ratio corresponding to the terminal points a and c in Fig. 4, and g2 and V show the effective time offset of the leading edge of the detected signal. The coupling can be arranged so that a simple switch connected to the switch in Fig. 4 switches the detector Iran tone interrupt to tone pulse operation or vice versa.

Fig. 5 visar ett mera detaljerat kopplingsschema for detektorn i fig. 4, varvid dar sa dr mojligt motsvarande hanvisningsbeteckningar anvants for komponenter med samma eller likartad funktion i de bada figurerna. Mottagningsforstarkaren V1 motsvarar forstarkaren A i fig. 2 och diodlikriktaren VIE svarar mot halvvagslikriktaren MR2 i fig. 4. Funktionen hos komponenter utan hanvisningsbeteckningar torde vara sjalvklara for fackmannen och skall darfor joke behandlas De inkommande barvagssignalerna patryckas primarlindningen i transformatorn TR3, som pa ingangssidan kan vara forsedd med en anordning for reglering av de inkommande signalernas niva. Signalerna forstarkas av trioden V, vars utgangssignal via transformatorn TR2 kopplas till -vaxelstrorns-likstrOmskonvertern W, vars likriktade utgangssignal overfores genom transformatorn TR1. Den av transformatorns sekundarlindning och diodlikriktaren V,' bildade transientdetektorn alstrar en transientforspanning pa kondensatorn C2 och denna forspanning patryckes gallret i forstarkarroret V1 i motsatt riktning mot den frail primarlindningen i transformatorn TR1 avledda signalen, sasom redan beskrivits med hanvisning till fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows a more detailed wiring diagram for the detector in Fig. 4, whereby where possible corresponding male reference numerals are used for components with the same or similar function in the two figures. The reception amplifier V1 corresponds to the amplifier A in Fig. 2 and the diode rectifier VIE corresponds to the half-wave rectifier MR2 in Fig. 4. The function of components without male reference numerals should be obvious to the person skilled in the art and should therefore be treated. provided with a device for regulating the level of the incoming signals. The signals are amplified by the triode V, the output signal of which is connected via the transformer TR2 to the AC direct current converter W, the rectified output signal of which is transmitted through the transformer TR1. The transient detector formed by the secondary winding of the transformer and the diode rectifier V1 produces a transient bias voltage on the capacitor C2 and this bias voltage is pressed into the grid in the amplifier tube V1 in the opposite direction to the signal derived from the primary winding in the transformer TR1, as already described with reference to FIG.

I fig. 5 visas kontakten i relaet P vid ingen toningangssignal till detektorn och omkopplingen fran tonavbrotts- till tonpulsdrift sker genom omkopplaren S pa redan beskrivet salt. 4— — Ett installbart troskelvarde for den transienta forspanningen erhalles genom att Over motstanden 11.3 och R4 koppla punkten y till den positiva klamman pa arbetsspanningskallan, varvid det senare motstandet aven tjanar till installning av forspan:ningslindningen w i relaet P. Fig. 5 shows the contact in the relay P at no tone input signal to the detector and the switching from tone interrupt to tone pulse operation takes place through the switch S on the salt already described. 4— - An installable threshold value for the transient bias voltage is obtained by connecting the resistor 11.3 and R4 to the positive terminal of the working voltage source, the latter resistor also serving to install the bias winding w in the relay P.

Claims

Patent claim:

A signal detector or receiver in which DC signals or rectified AC signals are caused to maneuver a relay in the output circuit of a DC amplifier, characterized in that, in order to prevent high level signals a transient detector is arranged to generate a transient bias voltage, the amplitude of which varies with the inclination of the front flank of the signal or its envelope, means being provided for printing this bias voltage on the driver's grille over an input channel common to the signal and bias voltage in opposite direction to the signal voltage. from which the voltage is derived, it is that by the action of the gaiter current when charging a capacitor in the opposite direction to the signal voltage the switching on of the current is delayed, while its switching is accelerated.

2. A signal detector or receiver as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the transient detector comprises means for adjusting the transient bias voltage at different levels in order to adapt it to the different operating conditions in systems with tone interruption signaling and tone pulse signaling.

3. A signal detector or receiver as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transient detector comprises a transformer with a first winding, through which the incoming signals are printed by the amplifier's grid, and with a second winding connected to a rectifier and a resistor capacitor with suitable time constant, sit that the transient bias voltage is generated across the capacitor in the opposite direction to the signal voltage printed by the first winding pit of the amplifier's grid. Aniforda Publications: Patentskrifter frein Sverige 122 653; United Kingdom 502,914, 677,757; Germany 933 212; USA 2 319 306.