SE182032C1

SE182032C1 -

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Publication number: SE182032C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1962-01-01

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KLASS 13 c:12/02 INT. KLASS F 22 f PATENTTID FRAN DEN 27 SEPTEMBER 1955 BEVIDAT DEN 4 OKTOBER 1962 PUBLICERAT DEN 2 JANUAR' 1963 Ans. 8618/1955 den 27/9 195Hartill en rilning H R HUNGER, HAGERSTEN ocH I J G LEMAR, JOHANNESHOV Anordning vid fingpannor och liknande kokare for att medelst ett temperatur- kfinsligt organ kontrollera vatteninnehfillet Sedan lange har forelegat ett behov av att vid angpannor och liknande, i stort sett slutna kokare kunna kontrollera pannans etc. vatteninnehall far att forhindra torrkokning. Hit-tills kanda anordningar for detta andamal ha alla varit mer eller mindre otillforlitliga, varfor de kontrollerande myndigheterna endast i undantagsfall kunnat medgiva en befrielse fran kravet pa en standig visuell kontroll av pannanlaggningen, sA lange pannan eller kokaren ar 1 funktion. Det ar salunda normalt alltid nadvandigt att standigt ha en pannskotare narvarande i ett angpannrum fOr att kontrollera anlaggningens funktion och ansvara for denna, vilket medfor avsevarda oldgenheter, icke minst emedan pannskotaren knappast samtidigt med bevakningen av pannanlaggningen kan .sysselsattas med annat arbete. CLASS 13 c: 12/02 INT. CLASS F 22 f PATENTARY TIME FROM 27 SEPTEMBER 1955 PROVIDED ON 4 OCTOBER 1962 PUBLISHED ON 2 JANUARY '1963 Ans. 8618/1955 on 27/9 195To a rilning HR HUNGER, HAGERSTEN and IJG LEMAR, JOHANNESHOV Device for finger boilers and similar boilers to control the water content by means of a temperature-sensitive device seen closed boilers be able to control the boiler etc. water content father to prevent dry boiling. Until now, devices for this purpose have all been more or less unreliable, so that the controlling authorities could only in exceptional cases grant an exemption from the requirement for a permanent visual inspection of the boiler system, as long as the boiler or boiler is in operation. It is therefore normally always necessary to always have a boiler forwarder present in a boiler room to check the function of the plant and be responsible for it, which entails considerable antiquities, not least because the boiler motor can hardly be employed in other work at the same time as monitoring the boiler system.

Det har visserligen tidigare foreslagits kontrollanordningar, vilka efter noggrann anpassning till en viss bestdmd fingpanneanlaggning fungera klanderfritt, sa lange anlaggningens funktionsforhallanden icke forandras, men skulle en sadan forandring, t. ex. ett tryckfall pa grund av lackage, intraffa, finn.es icke ridgon tillfredsstallande garanti for, att kontrollanordningen fortfarande fullgor avsedd funk-lion t. ex. att strypa stromtillfarseln till angpannans brannare, sa att denna omedelbart upphor att arbeta, att avgiva alarmsignal eller dylikt. It is true that control devices have previously been proposed, which, after careful adaptation to a certain specific finger-boiler system, function flawlessly, as long as the functional conditions of the system do not change, but such a change, e.g. a pressure drop due to leakage, intrinsic, there is not a satisfactory guarantee that the control device still fulfills the intended function, e.g. to throttle the power supply to the boiler burner, so that it immediately ceases to work, to sound an alarm signal or the like.

Ett narmare studium av de speciella problem, som foreligga vid kontroll av vatteninnehallet i en angpanna eller liknande, i stort sett slutna kokare har givit vid handen, att sadan kontroll fordelaktigast skulle kunna ske med hjalp av temperaturktinsliga organ, vilka exempelvis inga i elektriska kontrollkretsar av godtyckligt, kant slag. Darvid ar det emellertid i fOrsta hand viktigt att uppna stOrsta mojliga temperaturdifferential i det temperaturkansliga organet vid valskeytans sankning under den lagsta tillatna nivan, och en sadan kraftig temperaturdifferential maste, for att kontrollanordningens funktion skall kunna anses fullt tillforlitlig, foreligga halt oberoende av det i angpannan etc. radande trycket, vilket Icraver utlosningstemperaturer hos det temperaturkansliga organet, som ligga under 100° C. A closer study of the special problems which exist in the control of the water content of a boiler or the like, largely closed boilers has indicated that such control could most advantageously take place by means of temperature-sensing means, which, for example, in electrical control circuits of arbitrary, edge blow. In this case, however, it is first and foremost important to achieve the largest possible temperature differential in the temperature-sensing means when lowering the roller surface below the lowest permissible level, and such a strong temperature differential must, in order for the control device to function fully reliably, be present regardless of the boiler. etc. radiating pressure, which Icraver trigger temperatures of the temperature sensing means, which are below 100 ° C

Som bekant bygger nivakontrollanordningar med temperaturkansliga organ pa det forhallandet, att den varmemangd, som kan avgivaa frail anga med viss temperatur till en kallare kropp, teoretiskt sett ar patagligt star-re an den varmemangd, som kan avgivas till samma kropp fran vatten med samma temperatur som angan, men praktiken har visat, att den onskade forandringen i temperaturavseende, da vatten kring ett temperaturkansligt organ ersattes rued anga, sallan är sa stor, som onskvart yore. I alla hittills kanda, pa namnda princip byggande nivakontrollanordningar har namligen forbisetts, att det temperaturkansliga organets varmetillforsel kan bliva nastan lika stor med vatten som med anga, om icke vattnet effektivt hindras frail att cirkulera forbi organet ifraga. As is well known, level control devices with temperature sensing means are based on the premise that the heat amount which can give off at a certain temperature to a colder body is theoretically significantly greater than the heat amount which can be given off to the same body from water of the same temperature. as angan, but practice has shown, that the desired change in temperature, when water around a temperature-sensing organ was replaced rued anga, the hall is as large as onskvart yore. In all hitherto known level control devices based on the said principle, it has been overlooked that the heat supply of the temperature-sensing member can be almost as great with water as with water, unless the water is effectively prevented from circulating past the member in question.

Sd liar det t. ex. visat sig, att om det temperaturkansliga organet anbringas vid yttre anden av ett enkelt ror, som lutar nagot uppat i riktningutat fran pannan for att majliggora vattnets avrinning, da vattennivan i pannan sjunker under rOrets mynning, sa erhalles en sa kraftig inre cirkulation i roret, som ju maste ha en Alt kraftig tvarsektionsarea for att icke tappas igen eller kvarballa vattnet, att det temperaturkansliga organet redan under normala driftsforhallanden hos pannan har i det allra narmaste samma temperatur som angan. Detta galler a.ven om roret fOrses rued kylflansar e. d. Samma dr forhallandet, om det temperaturkansliga organet anordnas i en. rorslinga, vars hada andar kommunicera med pannans inre pa olika nivaer, om icke sarskilda atgarder vidtagas. Sd liar det t. Ex. It has been found that if the temperature sensing member is applied to the outer spirit of a simple rudder which slopes slightly upwards in the direction out of the boiler to allow the water to drain, as the water level in the boiler drops below the mouth of the rudder, such a strong internal circulation is obtained in the rudder. which must of course have a very strong cross-sectional area in order not to be drained again or to retain the water, that the temperature-sensing member already under normal operating conditions of the boiler has almost the same temperature as the angan. This applies even if the rudder is provided with cooling fins, etc. The same applies if the temperature-sensing member is arranged in one. rudder loop, whose hot spirits communicate with the interior of the forehead at different levels, unless special measures are taken.

Visserligen kunde det, om det tempera tarkansliga organet anbringas hogt ovanfor vats- 2— — kenivan i pannan, teoretiskt forutsattas, alt vattencirkulation forbi det temperaturkansliga organet skulle forhindras genom en isolerande s. k. luftkudde, men i sadant fall blir anordningens funktion otillforlitlig, och i praktiken kommer luftkudden ratt snarl att forminna sa att den isolerande effekten uteblir, vilket naturligtvis sarskilt galler for hogtrycksangpannor, i vilka en luftning av det rum, i vilket det temperaturkansliga organet befinner sig, icke kan ske efter varje indikering av for lagt vattenstand, am icke anlaggningens drift helt skall avbrytas. Admittedly, if the temperature-sensing member was placed high above the water level in the boiler, it could theoretically be assumed that all water circulation past the temperature-sensing member would be prevented by an insulating so-called air cushion, but in such a case the function of the device becomes unreliable, and in practice the air cushion will soon diminish so that the insulating effect is absent, which of course is especially true for high-pressure steam boilers, in which an aeration of the room in which the temperature-sensing member is located can not take place after each indication of the proposed water level, operation must be stopped completely.

Foreliggande uppfinning syftar till att losa det aktuella problemet ph ett effektivt satt och all astadkomma en anordning vid angpannor och liknande, i stort sett slutna kokare f8r att medelst ett temperaturkansligt organ, t. ex. ett elektriskt termorela, pa tillforlitligt salt konrollera pannans etc. vatteninnehall, sarskilt for utlosning av alarm e. d. vid risk for pannans torrkokning. Anordningen enligt uppfinningen omfattar en utanfor pannans vattenrum anordnad, vasentligen vertikal, oisolerad rorslinga, vars ovre ande utmynnar i pannans vattenrum ovanfor den. hogsta forutsedda vattennivan dari, medan dess nedre ande ãr ansluten till pannan etc. i en punkt belagen under den niva, som vattenytan i pannan skall passera, for att indikering skall ske, varvid det temperaturkansliga organet är anordnat vid rorslingans 'angst ut frau pannan etc. belagna del ungefar pa sistnamnda nivä for att dar avkanna rEnslingans temperatur, och det for anordningen enligt uppfinningen sarskilt kannetecknande ãr, att rorslingans ovre, oyanfor det temperaturkansliga organet befintliga del genomloper pannans vagg under den forutsedda normala vattennivan. och darefter mom pannans vattenrum fortsatter upp over den hogsta forutsedda vattennivan normalt omsluten av vattnet i pannan, varigenom den utanf8r pannans vattenrum belagna delen av rorslingan normalt iir helt fylld med pannans vatten och darigenom i sin yttre del bringas att antaga vasentligt lagre temperatur an vattenangan i pannan. The present invention aims to solve the present problem in an efficient manner and to provide a device for steam boilers and the like, substantially closed boilers for means by means of a temperature-sensing means, e.g. an electric thermorela, on reliable salt, check the water content of the boiler, etc., especially for triggering an alarm, etc. in case of risk of the boiler drying dry. The device according to the invention comprises an essentially vertical, uninsulated pipe loop arranged outside the boiler water space, the upper spirit of which opens into the boiler water space above it. the highest predicted water level therein, while its lower spirit is connected to the boiler, etc. at a point below the level at which the water surface in the boiler is to pass, for indication to occur, the temperature sensing means being arranged at the rudder loop 'anxiety out of the boiler, etc. The coated part is approximately at the latter level in order to detect the temperature of the pipe, and it is particularly characteristic of the device according to the invention that the upper part of the pipe, outside the temperature sensing member, passes through the cradle of the boiler below the predicted normal water level. and thereafter the water space of the boiler continues up above the highest predicted water level normally enclosed by the water in the boiler, whereby the part of the rudder loop located outside the boiler water space is normally completely filled with the water of the boiler and thereby in its outer part is made to assume substantially lower temperature. pannan.

For uppfinningens fortydligande skall i det foljande beskrivas ett foredraget utforingsexempel, som schematiskt askadliggOres pa bifogade ritning, som visar en partiell vertikalsektion genom en angpanna och en darmed kommunicerande rorslinga, som i sin yttre del fir forsedd med ett temperaturkansligt organ. To clarify the invention, a preferred exemplary embodiment will now be described, which is schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawing, which shows a partial vertical section through a steam boiler and a tubing communicating therewith, which in its outer part is provided with a temperature-sensing member.

Pa ritningen betecknar 1 angpannans vagg och 2 den normala vattennivan i angpannan, medan 3 betecknar den lagsta tillatna vattennivan i pannan. Det är att observera, att anordningens uppgift icke Or att automatisera vattentillforseln till angpannan, vilket kan ske med andra och mindre tillforlitliga niva.- kontrollanordningar, utan anordningens uppgift Or uteslutande att tjanstgora sasom saker hetsanordning. Normalt varierar vatskeytans 2 niva i pannen mellan de punktstreckade linjerna 4 och 5, vilka sMunda representera de nivaer, vid vilka vatteninmatningen tin pannan avbrytes resp. startas. In the drawing, 1 denotes the cradle of the boiler and 2 denotes the normal water level in the boiler, while 3 denotes the lowest permissible water level in the boiler. It should be noted that the task of the device is not to automate the water supply to the boiler, which can be done with other and less reliable level control devices, but the task of the device is solely to serve such things as a heating device. Normally, the level of the water surface 2 in the boiler varies between the dotted lines 4 and 5, which would represent the levels at which the water supply to the boiler is interrupted resp. started.

Med pannans inre kommunicerar en utvandig rkslinga, som generellt betecknats med och i vars yttre del Or anordnat ett temperaturkansligt organ 7, t. ex. i form av en smaltkontakt, som ingar i en elektrisk kontrollkrets. Det temperaturkansliga organet som kan vara utformat pa godtyckligt satt, blott det har formagan att kontrollera temperaturen i den valda punkten pa rorslingan, befinner sig ungef Or pa den niva 3, som representerar den lagsta tillatna vattennivan i pannan — smarre avvikelser frail denna placering Or dock utan betydelse. Communicating with the interior of the boiler is an external smoke loop, which is generally denoted by and in the outer part of which Or has arranged a temperature-sensing member 7, e.g. in the form of a narrow contact, which enters an electrical control circuit. The temperature sensing means, which can be designed in any way, provided it has the ability to control the temperature at the selected point on the rudder loop, is approximately Or at the level 3, which represents the lowest permissible water level in the boiler - slight deviations from this location Or without meaning.

Rorslingans 6 ovre del 6' lutar uppat raknat frau det temperaturkansliga organet 7 in mot pannan och genomloper pannans vagg 1 vid punkten 8, Aiken befinner sig ett stycke under den lagsta normala vattennivan 5 i pannan, och darefter fortsatter rorslingans ovre del uppat inuti pannan, sa att dess ovre mynning 9 kommer att befinna sig Over den hogsta vattennivan 4 dari. Rorslingans nedre del 6" Or daremot i stort sett horisontell och inmynnar i pannan under den niva 3, som vattenytan i pannan skall passera, for att indikering skall ske. Rerslingans nedre mynning 10 kan lampligen vara nagot nedatbiljd innanfor pannyaggen 1, och slingans nedre del 6" kan tillatas luta nagot litet nedat i riktning in. mot pannan sasom visats ror att hindra, att slam och fororeningar samlas i densamma. Teoretiskt sett nagot mera fordelaktigt Or att lath rorslingans 6 nedre del luta uppat fran rorslingans yttre del in mot pannvaggen 1, sasom antytts med punktstreckade linjer vid 11, men detta arrangemang kraver mojlighet att avlagsna fororeningar genom exempelvis en slussventilanordning antydd vid 12. The upper part 6 'of the rudder loop 6 slopes upwards from the temperature sensing member 7 towards the boiler and passes through the cradle 1 of the boiler at point 8, Aiken is located a bit below the lowest normal water level 5 in the boiler, and then the upper part of the rudder loop continues upwards inside the boiler. said that its upper estuary 9 will be located above the highest water level 4 dari. The lower part 6 "of the rudder loop, on the other hand, is substantially horizontal and opens into the boiler below the level 3 through which the water surface in the boiler is to pass, for indication to occur. The lower mouth 10 of the rudder loop may be slightly downward inside the boiler 1, and the lower part of the loop 6 "can be allowed to tilt slightly downwards in the direction. against the boiler as shown rudder to prevent, that sludge and contaminants accumulate in it. Theoretically, it is somewhat more advantageous to have the lower part of the rudder loop 6 inclined upwards from the outer part of the rudder loop towards the boiler cradle 1, as indicated by dotted lines at 11, but this arrangement requires the possibility of removing contaminants by, for example, a lock valve device indicated at 12.

For att i mojligaste man forhindra varmeledning Iran pannan till rOrslingans 6 yttre del genom rorslingans vaggar Or rorslingans ovre och nedre delar avdelade strax intill pannvaggen 1 medelst flanskopplingar 13 resp. 14, vilka Oro forsedda med varmeisolerande mellanlagg eller packningar 15. In order to prevent heat conduction as far as possible from the boiler to the outer part of the rudder loop 6 through the cradles of the rudder loop Or the upper and lower parts of the rudder loop are divided right next to the boiler cradle 1 by means of flange couplings 13 resp. 14, which are provided with heat-insulating intermediate layers or gaskets 15.

SO lunge pannan arbetar oklanderligt, kommer rorslingan 6 att vara fylld med pannans vatten, men detta hindras effektivt fran att cirkulera genom rlirslingans utformning och anslutning till pannan, ty samma temperatur rader yid rorslingans 6 bada andar, och flagon pataglig angkondensation i den Ovre mynningen 9 ay rorslingan forekommer icke. Ej heller kan det bliva tal am, att vattnet i rorslingans ovre del 6 skulle kunna r6ra sig nedat pa grund ay avkylningen vid rorslingarts yttre del, da ju det varmaste vattnet i namnda ovre del av rorslingan befinner sig sa. Mgt upp, som det rimligtvis kan ma. Den — —3 i huvudsak horisontella nedre delen 6" av r5rslingan kan givetvis med den med heldragna linjer visade strackningen vantas tillata en viss, men relativt obetydlig vattencirkulation i sitt inre, men denna eirkulation kan icke menligt forandra temperaturen vid ror- slingans yttre del i narheten av det temperaturkansliga organet 7, och den namnda cir- kulationen kan praktiskt taget helt undvikas, om rorslingans 6 nedre del gives den vid 11 antydda strackningen. SO the lung boiler works flawlessly, the rudder loop 6 will be filled with the water of the boiler, but this is effectively prevented from circulating through the design of the rudder loop and connection to the boiler, for the same temperature lines yid the rudder loop 6's two spirits, ay rorslingan does not occur. Nor can it be said that the water in the upper part 6 of the rudder loop could move downwards due to the cooling at the outer part of the rudder loop type, since the warmest water in the said upper part of the rudder loop is so. Mgt up, as it can reasonably ma. The substantially horizontal lower part 6 "of the pipe loop can of course, with the drawing shown in solid lines, be expected to allow a certain, but relatively insignificant water circulation in its interior, but this circulation can not adversely change the temperature at the outer part of the pipe loop in the proximity of the temperature-sensing member 7, and the said circulation can be practically completely avoided, if the lower part of the rudder loop 6 is given the tension indicated at 11.

Den 8vre delen 6' av rorslingan 6 kan utanfor pannan f5rses med kylflansar, och sa kan aven ske med den nedre delen av rorslingan, om denna är utford sasom antytts vid 11. liven utan sadana kylflansar ar det emellertid moj- ligt att, sasom praktiska prov visat, vid en pannvattentemperatur av 170° C Ulla en sa lag temperatur som c:a 50° C pa ungefar en halv meters avstand Iran pannan, om varmeutstralningen fran pannvaggen Mlles nere genom isolering och rumstemperaturen kring rorslingans yttre del ãr c:a 30° C. The upper part 6 'of the rudder loop 6 can be provided outside the boiler with cooling flanges, and so can also be done with the lower part of the rudder loop, if this is a challenge as indicated in the life without such cooling rungs it is possible, however, as practical sample shown, at a boiler water temperature of 170 ° C Ulla a temperature as low as about 50 ° C at about half a meter distance Iran boiler, about the heat radiation from the boiler wall Mlles down through insulation and the room temperature around the outer part of the rudder is about 30 ° C.

Om vattennivan i pannan skulle sjunka, sa att angan far tillfalle att na ut i vasentlig grad mot rorslingans yttre del, sa intrader omedelbart en temperaturstegring vid rorslingans yttre del kring det temperaturkans- liga organet, och d angan kommer i direkt kontakt med det sistnamnda organet stegras dettas temperatur till i alit vasentligt samma temperatur som angans, varfOr temperatur- differentialen är synnerligen tillfredsstallande. Naturligtvis kan dock det temperaturkans- liga organet vara sa beskaffat, att det reage- rar for en vasentligt lagre temperatur, blott denna overstiger den normala vid rorslingans yttre del, da pannan arbetar klanderfritt, och i sadant fall kan genom den 'Rade eirkulationen pa grund av angkondensation i den utanfOr pannan belagna delen av rOrslingan 6 en utlosning eller indikering ske redan innan vattenytan i pannan sjunkit till den lagsta tillatna nivan. If the water level in the boiler should drop, so that the steam may reach a significant degree towards the outer part of the rudder, then a temperature rise immediately occurs at the outer part of the rudder around the temperature-sensing member, and the steam comes into direct contact with the latter member. its temperature rises to essentially the same temperature as indicated, for which reason the temperature differential is extremely satisfactory. Of course, however, the temperature-sensing member may be of such a nature that it reacts to a substantially lower temperature, only this exceeds the normal at the outer part of the rudder, as the boiler operates flawlessly, and in such a case can by the 'Rade erirkulation due to due to steam condensation in the part of the pipe loop 6 located outside the boiler, a release or indication takes place even before the water surface in the boiler has dropped to the lowest permitted level.

Anordningens funktion är, om det temperaturkansliga organet 7 hr av sadan beskaffen- het, att det utiliser under normal koktempera- tur, alltsa 100° G, helt oberoende av det i pannan radande trycket, och av forutnamnda exempel framgar med full tydlighet, att liven om temperaturdifferentialen i sadant fall vasentligt nedskares vid en hogtrycksangpanna, sà kvarstar dock en obestridlig mojlighet att kontrollera vatteninnehallet i pannan med en avsevard temperaturdifferential pa det temperaturkansliga organet. The function of the device is, if the temperature-sensing means 7 hr of such a nature, that it utilizes under normal boiling temperature, i.e. 100 ° G, completely independent of the pressure radiating in the boiler, and from the aforementioned examples it is clear that the life if the temperature differential in such a case is substantially reduced in a high-pressure steam boiler, then an indisputable possibility remains to control the water content in the boiler with a considerable temperature differential on the temperature-sensing member.

Uppfinningen är givetvis joke begransad till det pa ritningen askadliggjorda utforingsexemplet, da det for fackmannan torde sta klart, att detaljanordningarna kunna varieras. The invention is of course joke limited to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing, as it will be clear to the person skilled in the art that the detailed devices can be varied.

Claims

Pat entansprak:

Device for steam boilers and the like, Substantially closed boilers for controlling the water content of the boiler, etc. by means of a temperature-sensing means, especially for triggering alarms or at risk of the boiler's dry cooking, which device comprises a substantially vertical, uninsulated device arranged outside the boiler's water space rudder loop, the upper spirit of which flows into the water space of the boiler above the highest ancient water level therein, while its lower spirit is connected to the boiler, etc. in; a point located below the level at which the water surface in the boiler should pass, in order for indication to take place, the temperature sensing means being arranged at the rudder of the rudder along out of the boiler, etc. coated portion approximately at the latter level to detect the rudder temperature, marked therefrom, that the upper part (6 ') of the rudder loop, above the existing part (6') of the temperature-sensing member (7), passes through the pan-pan (1) va..gg (at 8) below the predicted normal water level (2) and thereafter the water-space of the pan (1) continues up Above the highest predicted water level (4) normally enclosed by the water in the boiler, whereby the part of the rudder loop located outside the boiler water space is normally completely filled with the water of the boiler and thereby in its outer part is assumed to assume a significantly lower temperature than the water vapor in the boiler.

Device according to claim 1, Female characterized in that the upper part (6 ') of the rudder loop (6) outside the water space of the boiler is straight away from the temperature-sensing member (7) inclined towards the boiler, while the lower rudder loop of the rudder loop, below the temperature-sensing member (7) existing part (6 ") projects substantially horizontally from the boiler (1), possibly with an insignificant slope to prevent sludge accumulation.

Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the upper and lower part of the rudder loop (6) each consist of two pipe pieces joined just outside the cradle etc. of the boiler by means of heat-insulating connections (13, 14, 15). Request publications: Patents from Germany 86 371; USA 2 543 558. Stockholm 1903. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Stiner. 030089