SE181396C1

SE181396C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE181396C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1962-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: E Dinkhauser och J Wiegand Vid indunstning av vatskor, sarskilt sadana vilkas kvalitet forsamras genom langvarig inverkan av varme, sasom mjolk och fruktsalt, Sr det kant att genomfora indunstningen i fallstromsevaporatorer, vid vilka den for indunstning avsedda vatskan infores i blandning med tillford overhettad anga i en rorvarmevaxlare med foretradesvis vertikalt sta.- ende varmeror, som upphettas medelst ett dem omgivande medium. Inventors: E Dinkhauser and J Wiegand When evaporating liquids, especially those whose quality is compromised by the prolonged action of heat, such as milk and fruit salt, in a tube heat exchanger with preferably vertically standing heaters, which are heated by a medium surrounding them.

Den vasentligaste fordelen med sadan in- dunstning ligger i den ringa mangdens- ka evaporatorn, varigenom den tid, under vilken varmet inverkar kvalitetsfOrsamrande, forkortas avsevart i jamforelse med fgrhallandet i andra apparater, varjamte den omstandigheten att den i r6ren neat riktade strommen av vatska och fuktig anga har hog hastighet, ger mycket gynnsamma varmevaxlingsforhallanden. The most important advantage of such evaporation lies in the small amount of evaporator, whereby the time during which the heat affects the quality deterioration is considerably shortened in comparison with the presence in other appliances, in addition to the fact that the stream of liquid and moist anga has high speed, gives very favorable heat exchange conditions.

Under eljest samma betingelser kan man pa grund harav minska upphettningsytan vasentligt i jamforelse med forhallandet vid andra rorevaporatorer, varigenom vatskemangden i apparaten och damned vatskans uppehallstid minskas ytterligare. Dessutom minskas Sven materialforbrukningen vid tillverkningen av apparater. Trots dessa -viktiga for- delarfallstromsevaporatorn hittills icke funnit allman anvandning, emedan fordelningen av vatskan till de enskilda roren icke van it tillfredsstallande. Det finnes flera anordningar, dar denna fordelning sker medelst strilanordningar, halplattor, munstyeken, trattar, ledskenor och liknande. I den man anordningar av denna typ astadkomma en ilkgorlunda jamn fordelning, aro de dock alla vid anvandning for indunstning av produkter Mom livsmedelsindustrin, sarskilt mj 51k, dock behaftade med den olagenheten, att de till foljd av sin invecklade, allmanna konstruktion, eller tranga munstycken och genomstramningsoppningar litt sattas igen, van j dmte de icke kunna rengEoras effektivt och snabbt, vilket Sr obetingat nodvandigt. Under otherwise the same conditions, the heating surface can be substantially reduced in comparison with the ratio with other pipe evaporators, whereby the water shortage in the apparatus and the residence time of the liquid are further reduced. In addition, Sven reduces material consumption in the manufacture of appliances. Despite these -important advantage fallow evaporators, so far no general use has been made, as the distribution of the liquid to the individual tubes has not been satisfactory. There are several devices, where this distribution takes place by means of sprinkler devices, half plates, nozzles, funnels, guide rails and the like. In the case of devices of this type which achieve an evenly even distribution, they are, however, all when used for evaporation of products Mom the food industry, especially mj 51k, but have the disadvantage that due to their intricate, general construction, or narrow nozzles and tightening openings are slightly clogged, because they cannot be cleaned efficiently and quickly, which is absolutely necessary.

Det liar aven fbreslagits, att man i vissa fall skulle inblanda en transportgas i den vatska, som skall indunstas, for att fa en mera effektiv fordelning. Det iir emellertid icke mojligt att anvanda en sadan gas for vatskans forstoftning vid vakuumevaporatorer for det ham foreliggande behovet, emedan man dii maste anvanda alltfor stora pumpar for gasens utsugning. It has also been suggested that in some cases a transport gas should be mixed into the liquid to be evaporated in order to obtain a more efficient distribution. However, it is not possible to use such a gas for the atomization of the liquid in vacuum evaporators for the need present therein, since one has to use too large pumps for the extraction of the gas.

Enligt ett redan kant forfarande skall for indunstning avsedd vatska inledas overhettad Iran ett trangt ror till en 175re varmerOren anordnad expansionskammare, sa att en mind-re del av vatskan avdunstar redan vid expansionen ned till trycket i denna kammare. Hdrigenom skall man uppna en fordelning av valskan till varmeroren och hog intradeshastighet. Medan nu mangden av vid expansionen bildad fuktig anga uteslutande beror pa graden av overhettning, beror den likformighet, varmed vatskan fordelas till roren, sarskilt vid lagre overhettning, aven pa placeringen av vatskans infOringsstalle i expansionskammaren i forhallande till stallena for intradet av blandningen av anga och vatska i varmeroren. Fordelningen blir desto jamnare ju mind-re olika till form och langd de banor aro, som de enskilda vatskepartiklarna maste tillryggalagga inuti expansionskammaren. Endast vid apparater med ett storre antal varmeror kan man narma sig delta syfte, och da endast, om expansionskammaren liar avsvard hojd. Jamnast mojliga fordelning av vatskan till varmeroren in emellertid av utslagsgivande betydelse I Or evaporatorns verkan och kapacitet. Det Si vidare ofordelaktigt, om expansionskammaren maste ha stor hojd, emedan redan varmeroren maste vara ganska langa vid fallstromsindunstning, varfor evaporatorns totala hojd latt blir for stor for utrymmena i byggnader med vanliga dimensioner. According to an already edge procedure, the liquid intended for evaporation is to be started overheated Iran by a narrow tube to an expansion chamber arranged in a 175 Heater, so that a smaller part of the liquid evaporates already during the expansion down to the pressure in this chamber. In this way, a distribution of the roller to the heat pipe and a high inlet speed must be achieved. While now the amount of moist steam formed during expansion depends solely on the degree of overheating, the uniformity with which the liquid is distributed to the pipes, especially in low overheating, also depends on the location of the liquid feed stall in the expansion chamber relative to the stalls of the mixture. liquid in the heat pipe. The distribution becomes even smoother the less different the shape and length of the paths that the individual liquid particles have to travel inside the expansion chamber. Only in the case of appliances with a larger number of heaters can one approach the purpose, and then only if the expansion chamber has a corresponding height. The most even distribution of the liquid to the heating pipe, however, is of decisive importance in the action and capacity of the evaporator. It is also disadvantageous if the expansion chamber must have a large height, since the heat pipe already has to be quite long during evaporation, so the total height of the evaporator is easily too large for the spaces in buildings with normal dimensions.

Forutom att vatskan fordelas likformigt till varmeroren, dr det vid fallstromsindunstning aven mycket viktigt, att tillracklig mangd anga Ewes in i varmeraren samtidigt med vatskan, emedan man kan uppnii tillrackligt inteaisiv varmevaxling endast am det redan vid 2— — 'Dorian av banan genom varmeroren finnes en homogen, med en viss minimihastighet strommande blandning av anga och vatska. In addition to the liquid being distributed uniformly to the heat pipe, it is also very important in case of falling stream evaporation that a sufficient amount enter Ewes into the heater at the same time as the water, because sufficiently inefficient heat exchange can be achieved only if there is already 2— - 'Dorian of the path through the heat pipe a homogeneous, with a certain minimum velocity flowing mixture of angina and liquid.

Enligt de redan omnamnda, kanda forfarandena skall denna anga alstras, genom att den vatska, som skall indunstas, forst under motsvarande tryck upphettas till en temperatur, som ligger Over kokpunkten i evaporatorn, sa att den genom expansionen fore intradet i varmeroren utvecklar en viss mangd anga under avtagande overhettning. Detta medfOr den olagenheten, att det fordras storm for- varmare med hogre kapacitet an em vatskan endast skulle behova varmas till den i evaporatorn radande kokpunkten. Vidare kan den erforderliga overhettningen vid mycket kansliga vatskor medfora en forsamring av kvaliteten. Blod indunstas vid c:a 35° C. Hog-re temperaturer medfora risk for koagulering, medan lagre temperaturer avsevart Oka kylvattenforbrukningen och apparaturens tillverkningskostnader. Det är icke mojligt att harvid astadkomma en for alstring av tillra.cklig mangd expansionsanga nodvandig overhettning pa exempelvis 5° C. According to the already mentioned known procedures, this is to be generated by first heating the liquid to be evaporated under a corresponding pressure to a temperature which is above the boiling point of the evaporator, so that through the expansion before entering the heat pipe it develops a certain amount. enter during decreasing overheating. This entails the inconvenience that a storm heater with a higher capacity is required, as the liquid would only need to be heated to the boiling point radiating in the evaporator. Furthermore, the required overheating in very sensitive water shoes can lead to a deterioration in the quality. Blood evaporates at about 35 ° C. Higher temperatures carry the risk of coagulation, while lower temperatures significantly increase cooling water consumption and equipment manufacturing costs. It is not possible to achieve a necessary overheating of, for example, 5 ° C in order to produce a sufficient amount of expansion vapor.

Med foreliggande uppfinning avses att avlagsna de beskrivna olagenheterna. Med utgangspunkt fran det kanda forfarandet att in-fora den for indunstning avsedda vatskan i blandning med overhettad anga i en rorvarmevaxlare forsedd med foretradesvis vertikalt staende varmeror, som upphettas medelst ett dem omgivande medium, bestar uppfinningen kort uttryckt dari, att anga darefter frigores genom sankning av den tillforda vatskans tryck ned till trycket i varmerOren genom att vatskan bringas att passera flera, lagst tvd. trycksteg. The present invention is intended to eliminate the described malfunctions. Starting from the known method of introducing the liquid to be evaporated in admixture with superheated steam into a tubular heat exchanger provided with preferably vertically standing heaters, which are heated by means of a surrounding medium, the invention consists in short in which the steam is then released by collecting of the supplied liquid pressure down to the pressure in the heater by bringing the liquid to pass several, lagst tvd. pressure step.

Vidare kannetecknas uppfinningen darav, att den. overhettade angan (tillsatsangan) inledes utifran i den atminstone till i narheten av kokpunkten forvarmda vatskan fore eller under den i flera steg genomforda expansionen, dvs. trycksankningen ned till trycket i varmeroren 9 och att dess mangd begansas genom ett fast eller installbart stryporgan. Furthermore, the invention can be characterized in that it. the overheated steam (the additional steam) is initiated from the outside in the liquid heated at least to near the boiling point before or during the expansion carried out in several steps, i.e. the pressure drop down to the pressure in the heat pipe 9 and that its quantity is provided by a fixed or installable choke means.

Uppfinningen avser a.ven en anordning for utforande av forfarandet, vilken vasentligen kannetecknas av en fallstromsevaporator med en foretradesvis staende rorvarmevax.lare fOr indirekt uppvarmning av den fOr indunstning avsedda vatskan, genom vars nor valskan passerar och vars ror aro fasta i en ovre platta, Over vilken ett, en expansionskammare utgorande, eventuellt avtag- eller uppsvangbart overstycke an anordnat, vilket genom en eller flera, med lampliga perforeringar forsedda, uttagbara skiljevaggar an uppdelat i minst tva Over varandra liggande rum. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the process, which can essentially be characterized by a downflow evaporator with a preferably standing tube heat exchanger for indirect heating of the liquid intended for evaporation, through which the nor roller passes and whose tubes are fixed in a flat. Above which an expansion chamber constituting an expansion chamber, possibly removable or resilient, is arranged, which is divided by one or more removable partitions provided with lamp perforations into at least two superimposed compartments.

Fig. 1 pa bifogade ritning visar som exempel en utforingsform av en anordning for genomfOrande av det beskrivna forfarandet. Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing shows by way of example an embodiment of a device for carrying out the described method.

Den valska, exempelvis mjolk, som skall indunstas, pressas medelst pumpen 1 in i for vdrmaren 2 och strommar fran denna till expansionskammaren 3, vilken dr monterad pa den 8vre rorplattan 4 till den. delvis i snitt visade varmekroppen 5 i fallstromsevaporatorn. Nedanfor varmekroppen finnes en se- parator 6, i vilken vatskan avskiljes fran fuk- tig anga. Denna lamnar separatorn genom en rorstuts 7 och ledes fran denna till en kon- denser eller, dd. det ar fraga om indunstning i flera steg, till varmekroppen i nasta steg. Vatskan lamnar separatorn vid 8, genom att den suges ut med en icke visad pump. Indunstningen sker i huvudsak, medan vatskan strommar genom varmeroren 9, vilka upphettas medelst anga, som tillfores genom stutsen 10. The roller, for example milk, to be evaporated, is pressed by means of the pump 1 into the preheater 2 and flows from it to the expansion chamber 3, which is mounted on the upper tube plate 4 to it. partly on average, the heating element 5 in the downstream evaporator. Below the heating element there is a separator 6, in which the liquid is separated from moist steam. This leaves the separator through a rudder nozzle 7 and is led from this to a condenser or, dd. it is a question of evaporation in several steps, to the heating element in the next step. The liquid leaves the separator at 8, by being sucked out with a pump (not shown). The evaporation takes place mainly, while the liquid flows through the heating tube 9, which is heated by means of steam, which is supplied through the nozzle 10.

Pa i och fOr sig kont satt skall vatskan i forvarmaren bibringas en temperatur, som ligger Over kokpunkten i evaporatorn. Mj81k kan saledes indunstas vid 60° C, varvid ternperaturen vid uttradet ur forvarmaren 2 kan uppga till exempelvis 75° C. Den maste di ledas till expansionskammaren 3 med ett absolut tryck av minst c:a 0,4 at. Pa kant salt skall avdunstning astadkommas I expansionskammaren genom att trycket dar sankes till det vid intradet i varmeroren radande trycket, fOr att vatskan skall fordelas sh jamnt som mojligt pa rOren och redan vid intradet i dessa bibringas en viss stromningshastighet. I det beskrivna exemplet skulle vid en trycksankning till ett absolut tryck av 0,23 at vid expansionsforangning av c:a 2 % av den tillfOrda mangden intrada en temperatursankRing till 63° C, em man. antar en tryckforlust inuti varmeroren pa 0,03 at och om en temperatur pa 60° C Mlles i separatom. In and of itself, the liquid in the preheater must be brought to a temperature which is above the boiling point in the evaporator. Milk can thus be evaporated at 60 ° C, whereby the temperature at the exit from the preheater 2 can amount to, for example, 75 ° C. Evaporation of the salt must be effected in the expansion chamber by lowering the pressure there to the pressure prevailing at the inlet of the heating tube, so that the liquid is distributed as evenly as possible on the tube and already at the entry into these a certain flow rate is imparted. In the example described, at a pressure drop to an absolute pressure of 0.23 at an expansion evaporation of about 2% of the supplied amount, a temperature drop to 63 ° C would be introduced, if one. assumes a pressure drop inside the heat pipe of 0.03 at and if a temperature of 60 ° C is measured in the separator.

Enligt fOreliggande uppfinning skall nu expansionen av den overhettade vatskan genomforas i flera steg, minst tvd.. For detta andamal an expansionskammaren 3 genom exempelvis tva skiljevaggar 11 och 12 uppdelad pa rummen 13, 14 och 15. Skiljevaggarna aro forsedda med hal av lampliga dimensioner och passande fordelning, sd att den. forst i rummet 13 intradande vatskan under tryckforlust kan ga Over i rummet 14 och under ytterligare tryckforlust Iran detta till rummet 15, fran vilket den intrader i varmeroren. I Tart och ett av de Ire rummen Minskar vatskans tryck till foljd av den strypta stromningen genom Mien i skiljevaggarna, varigenom fuktig anga bildas. Denna anga far hog hastighet vid stromningen genom Men i skiljevaggarna och rycker med sig vatskan i finfordelad form. According to the present invention, the expansion of the superheated liquid is now to be carried out in several steps, at least twice. appropriate distribution, sd that it. first in the room 13 entering the liquid under pressure loss can give Over in the room 14 and during further pressure loss Iran this to the room 15, from which it enters the heat pipe. In Tart and one of the Irish rooms, the pressure of the water decreases as a result of the restricted flow through the Mien in the partitions, whereby moist moisture is formed. This anga has a high speed when flowing through Men in the partitions and pulls the liquid with it in finely divided form.

Den tilltagande blandningen av anga och vatska 8kar med antalet hal i skiljevaggarna, exempelvis Ire i vaggen 11 och fyra i vaggen 12 sasom visas pa. ritningen. The increasing mixture of steam and liquid 8kar with the number of slides in the partitions, for example Ire in the cradle 11 and four in the cradle 12 as shown on. the drawing.

Halen i skiljevaggarna are lampligen anordnade sa, att man. far en. jamn fordelning av den genomstrommande blandningen av vatska och anga Over rorbottnens 4 hela yta. --- —3 Fordelen med det beskrivna forfarandet beror pa, att den upprepade accelereringen av vatskan vid stromningen genom &lien i skiljevaggarna medfor fullstandig uppdelning pa droppar och bildningen av en likformig bland-fling av anga och vatska fore intradet i varmeroren, Oven om endast ringa mangd expanderande fuktig anga bildas till foljd av lag overhettning. Dessutom uppsta mellan skiljevaggarna tvargaende strommar, vilka bidra till att, aven vid relativt lag hojd pa expansionskammaren och stor diameter pa r8rplattan, lika star vatskemangd ledes in i varj e varmeror. The tail in the partitions are aptly arranged so that one. father one. even distribution of the flowing mixture of liquid and enter the entire surface of the rudder bottom 4. --- —3 The advantage of the described process is that the repeated acceleration of the liquid by the flow through the line in the partitions results in a complete division into droplets and the formation of a uniform mixture of steam and liquid before entering the heating tube. small amount of expanding moist anga is formed as a result of low overheating. In addition, transverse currents arise between the partitions, which contribute to the fact that, even at a relatively low height of the expansion chamber and a large diameter of the pipe plate, equally rigid water cages are led into each of the heaters.

For att en viss mangd fuktig anga skall bildas redan vid den overhettade vatskans infra-de i expansionskammaren, kan man anordna ett stryporgan 16 i ledningen for tillforsel av vatskan. Detta organ kan besta av en. enkel fortrangning i ledningen eller ocksa av ett munstycke eller en skarm eller av en install-bar ventil. Genom denna atgard uppnas den fordelen, att en forsta, partiell expansion kommer att aga rum redan fore intradet i expansionskammaren, sa att en av de ovan beskrivna skiljevaggarna blir mindre nodvandig for uppnaende av samma effekt. Om stryporganet 16 Or installbart, blir det Oven • mojligt att genomfora en anpassning efter olika vatskemangder och grader av overhettfling. In order for a certain amount of moist vapor to be formed already at the inlet of the superheated liquid into the expansion chamber, a throttling member 16 can be arranged in the conduit for supplying the liquid. This body can consist of one. simple displacement in the line or also by a nozzle or a shield or by an installable valve. This action obtains the advantage that a first, partial expansion will take place already before entering the expansion chamber, so that one of the partitions described above becomes less necessary to achieve the same effect. If the throttle member 16 is installable, it will also be possible to make an adjustment according to different water shortages and degrees of overheating.

I stallet for att nu utvinna den anga, som fordras for bildning av en likformig och snabbt str8mmande blandning av anga och vatska, genom expandering av den i overhettat tillstand tillforda vatskan, kan man enligt en ytterligare utveckling av uppfinningen Oven inleda denna anga utifran i den atminstone till narheten av kokpunkten varmda, tillfOrda vatskan fore intradet i varmerOren. Alltefter det tryck, pa vilket ra.der dar angan le-des in i vatskan, kommer en storre eller mind-re del av angan att kondenseras under hojning av vatskans temperatur. Vid efterfolj an-de expansion till trycket i varmeroren forangas dock den kondenserade angan pa nytt, varvid vatskans temperatur sjunker till den mot trycket i evaporatorn svarande kokpunkten. Om vatskan redan fore inledandet av angan har en temperatur, som Or lika med eller hogre On kokpunkten i evaporatorn, belastas evaporatorn joke genom kondenseringen och den fornyade forangningen av den tillforda angan. Om vatskans temperatur fore inledningen ay angan ligger lagre On kokpunkten i evaporatorn, kondenseras mera av den tillforda angan On som kan forangas ph nytt vid efterfoljande expansion. Resten maste di fOrangas genom varmetillforsel i varmeroren och forsamrar darned anlaggningens kapacitet. Ax denna anledning b8r anga ledas in i en atminstone till narheten av kokpunkten forvarmd vatska. Instead of now recovering the anga, which is required for the formation of a uniform and fast-flowing mixture of anga and liquid, by expanding the liquid supplied in the superheated state, it is possible according to a further development of the invention to start this anga from the outside in the at least near the boiling point heated, add the liquid before entering the heater. Depending on the pressure at which the steam is introduced into the liquid, a larger or smaller part of the steam will condense while raising the temperature of the liquid. Upon subsequent expansion to the pressure in the heat pipe, however, the condensed vapor evaporates again, whereby the temperature of the liquid drops to the boiling point corresponding to the pressure in the evaporator. If the liquid already before the start of the steam has a temperature, which is equal to or higher than the boiling point of the evaporator, the evaporator joke is loaded by the condensation and the renewed evaporation of the supplied steam. If the temperature of the liquid before the introduction of the anga is lower On the boiling point of the evaporator, more is condensed by the supplied anang On which can be evaporated ph new upon subsequent expansion. The rest must be disposed of by supplying heat to the heat pipe and thereby collecting the capacity of the plant. Ax this reason should be directed into a liquid preheated at least near the boiling point.

Ax det foregaende framgar, att inledningen av anga ersatter overhettningen av vatskan eller Or det mojligt att minska denna. Det Or av mindre betydelse, om angan ledes in f8re eller under expanderingen av vatskan till trycket i evaporatorn. Det Or vidare lampligt men icke absolut nodvandigt att kombinera in- ledningen av anga med expansion i flera steg.. Genom att anga inledes minskas den erfor- derliga forvarmningen samt uppnas en skonsammare behandling av vatskan. Om namligen angan inledes forst omedelbart innan vatskan inkommer i varmeroren, uteblir overhettning, medan om den inledes fore eller under expansion ned till trycket i evaporatorn overhettas den praktiskt taget momentant och under sa kort tid, att icke ens mycket kansliga vatskor kunna skadas. Ax the foregoing shows that the introduction of anga replaces the overheating of the liquid or it is possible to reduce it. It is of minor importance if the steam is introduced before or during the expansion of the liquid to the pressure in the evaporator. It is also appropriate but not absolutely necessary to combine the introduction of anga with expansion in several stages. By entering anga, the required preheating is reduced and a gentler treatment of the liquid is achieved. Namely, if the steam is first started immediately before the liquid enters the heat pipe, overheating does not occur, while if it is started before or during expansion down to the pressure in the evaporator, it overheats practically momentarily and for such a short time that not even very probable water can be damaged.

Enligt en ytterligare utformning av uppfinningstanken kan den erforderliga angan erhallas pa olika, fordelaktiga satt. Enligt fig. 1 Or till evaporatorns upphettningsrum ansluten en ledning 17, som Over det fasta eller installbara stryporganet 18 gar Over till ledningen 19. Denna i sin fur Or ansluten till expansionskammaren 3. Med hj alp av denna anordning kan man taga ut anga fran evaporatorns upphettningsrum och blanda in denna i reglerbar mangd i den vatska, som skall indunstas. According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, the required approach can be obtained in various advantageous ways. According to Fig. 1 Or a line 17 is connected to the heating chamber of the evaporator, which Over the fixed or installable restrictor 18 goes Over to the line 19. This in its fur Or connected to the expansion chamber 3. With the aid of this device it is possible to remove an outlet from the evaporator heating chamber and mix it in an adjustable amount into the liquid to be evaporated.

Detta satt att taga ut den anga, som skall ledas in, fran upphettningsangan for den evaporatorkropp, i vilken den med tillsatsanga blandade vatskan skall indunstas, medfor f8rdelen av en viss automatisk reglering. Om angbildningen avtager, exempelvis emedan vatskans viskositet tilltager, stiger samtidigt temperaturskillnaden och darmed tryckskillnaden mellan evaporatorns upphettningsrum och kokningsrum. Till fiiljd harav inledes vid samma installning pa stryporganet 18 en star-re mangd tillsatsanga i den vatska, som skall drivas in. Harigenom stiger hastigheten vid intradet i varmeroren, varigenom varmegenomgangen forbattras, atminstone mom vissa bestamda granser. Om uttagningsstallet, sasom visas ph ritningen, anordnas i narheten av upphettningskroppens ovre ande, erhalles samtidigt med anguttagningen en avluftning av upphettningskammarens ovre del, varfor sarskilda anordningar harfor bli obehovliga. This method of removing the vapor to be introduced from the heating vapor of the evaporator body into which the liquid mixed with the additional vapor is to be evaporated has the advantage of a certain automatic control. If the vapor formation decreases, for example because the viscosity of the liquid increases, the temperature difference and thus the pressure difference between the evaporator's heating chamber and the boiling chamber increases at the same time. As a result, during the same installation on the throttling member 18, a larger amount of additive vapor is introduced into the liquid to be driven in. As a result, the speed at the entry into the heat pipe increases, whereby the heat transfer is improved, at least to certain certain limits. If the extraction chamber, as shown in the drawing, is arranged in the vicinity of the upper spirit of the heating element, a vent of the upper part of the heating chamber is obtained at the same time as the injection, for which special devices have become unnecessary.

Den anga, som skall inledas, kan i stallet f8r torn eller 8verhettad anga utg8ras av fuktig anga, som utvecklas i evaporatorn av den vatska, vilken skall inforas i densamma. For detta andamal Or det nodvandigt att hoja denna angas temperatur atminstone sa mycket som svarar mot tryckf8rlusten, da blandningen av anga och vatska strommar genom evaporatorns varmeror. Enligt fOreliggande uppfinning skall denna tryckokning astadkommas medelst en angstraleapparat. I fig. 2 visas vid 20 en del av den ledning, genom vilken den i separatorn 6 avskilda fuktiga angan ledes bort. Till denna ledning Or angstrale- — — apparaten 21 ansluten. Anga for apparatens drift tillfores genom ledningen 22, som är forsedd med ventilen 23. The vapor to be introduced may, in the form of a tower or a overheated vapor, be composed of moist vapor which develops in the evaporator of the liquid which is to be introduced into it. For this purpose, it is necessary to increase this temperature by at least as much as corresponds to the pressure loss, as the mixture of steam and liquid flows through the heaters of the evaporator. According to the present invention, this pressure increase is to be effected by means of an anxiety jet apparatus. Fig. 2 shows at 20 a part of the conduit through which the moist entrance separated in the separator 6 is led away. To this line Or angstrale- - - device 21 connected. Indication for the operation of the apparatus is supplied through the line 22, which is provided with the valve 23.

Den i angstraleapparaten bildade blandningen av drivanga och fuktig anga inledes i evaporatorns expansionskammare 3 genom ledningen 24. Fordelen med detta forfarande Iigger sarskilt i den laga driftkostnaden. Om man skall kunna leda in en viss mangd anga, skall man vid de ifragakommande tryckfdrhallandena endast forbruka en brakdel av denna nafingd som drivanga for angstraleapparaten. The mixture of drive steam and moist steam formed in the anxiety jet apparatus is introduced into the expansion chamber 3 of the evaporator through the line 24. The advantage of this method lies in particular in the low operating cost. If it is to be possible to introduce a certain amount of anguish, only a fraction of this nafingd should be consumed as the driving force for the angstralea apparatus in the pressure conditions in question.

Om man onskar uppna. hagre koncentration och minska angforbrukningen, kunna fallstromevaporatorer pa kant satt byggas samman till evaporatoranlaggningar med flera steg. Fig. 3 visar som exempel en anlaggning med tre steg. Den i det forsta steget 25 indunstade vatskan ledes medelst pumpen. 26 till expansionskammaren till det andra steget 27. Eftersom kokpunkten vid in.dunstning flera steg sjunker fran steg till steg, är den fran det forsta steget avgaende vatskan I viss man Overhettad i forhallande till kokpunkten i det andra steget. Om denna Overhettning dock joke dr tillracklig for bildning av den expansionsanga, som fordras for fordelningen och far astadkommande av en tillracklig utgangshastighet, maste man genomfora en ytterligare mellanupphettning eller inleda ytterligare anga. Det sistndmnda forfarandet är enklare och andamalsenligare. Om tryckforhallandena Ora det lampligt, kan tillsatsangan vid indunstning i flera steg tagas at frail ett lampligt foregaende steg. Enligt fig. 3 uttages salunda tillsatsanga for det andra indunstningssteget 27 fran det fOrsta stegets 25 upphettningsrum, for vilket andamal man utnyttjar ledningen 28. If you want to achieve. more efficient concentration and reduce steam consumption, fallow evaporators on the edge can be built together into evaporator systems with several stages. Fig. 3 shows as an example a plant with three steps. The water vapor evaporated in the first stage 25 is led by means of the pump. 26 to the expansion chamber to the second stage 27. Since the boiling point in evaporation several steps drops from step to step, the liquid emanating from the first stage is to some extent Overheated in relation to the boiling point in the second stage. If this overheating, however, is sufficient for the formation of the expansion vapor required for the distribution and achieves a sufficient initial velocity, an additional intermediate heating must be performed or additional vents initiated. The latter procedure is simpler and more appropriate. If the pressure conditions are suitable, the additive vapor can be taken at evaporation in several steps when evaporating in several steps. According to Fig. 3, additional steam for the second evaporation stage 27 is thus removed from the heating space of the first stage 25, for which purpose the line 28 is used.

En fardelaktig utveckling av principen med ytterligare inledning av anga i den vatska, som skall dunstas in, bestar i, att den hiledda angans energi utnyttjas fOr att lyfta vatskan till niva med expansionskammaren ovanfor varmeroren. Enligt fig. 3 utnyttjas pumpen 26 for att overvinna nivaskillnaden mellan det forsta stegets separator och det andra stegets expansionskammare. Om dar-emot tillsatsangan ledes in i vatskeledningen pa ett tillrãckligt lagt liggande stalle medelst en injektorartad anordning, sa som visas i fig. 3 mellan steg 27 och det tredje steget 29 vid stallet 30, sa kan man undvara en saxskild pump. A dangerous development of the principle with further introduction of steam into the liquid to be evaporated consists in that the energy of the heated steam is used to lift the liquid to the level of the expansion chamber above the heating tube. According to Fig. 3, the pump 26 is used to overcome the level difference between the first stage separator and the second stage expansion chamber. If, on the other hand, the additive steam is led into the water line on a sufficiently laid lying stall by means of an injector-like device, as shown in Fig. 3 between step 27 and the third step 29 at the stall 30, then a scissor-separated pump can be dispensed with.

Eftersom vatskan befinner sig mer eller mindre nara kokpunkten alltefter hur djupt fingtillfarseln ligger under den foregaende separatorn, beror den transporterande verkan dels pa injektorprincipen dels pd. mammutpumpens princip. Transportarbetet underlattas, genom att det tryckf all, som finnes melIan stegen i en evaporatoranlaggning, minskar det pumparbete, som fordras. Uteslutning en av de eljest nadvandiga matarpumparna mellan de ensIdIda stegen Or sarskilt fordelaktigt, da. det är fraga om behandling av aggres siva vatskor. Since the liquid is more or less close to the boiling point depending on how deep the finger feed is under the previous separator, the transporting effect depends partly on the injector principle and partly on. the principle of the mammoth pump. The transport work is facilitated by the fact that the pressure between the steps in an evaporator system reduces the pump work required. Exclusion one of the otherwise useful feed pumps between the one-sided steps Or particularly advantageous, then. it is a question of treatment of aggres siva vatskor.

Enligt de hittills behandlade utforandena bestar tillsatsangan atminstone till en del av anga, som ledes till indunstningsanlaggningen fra.n en angpanna. Det finns fall, da. det joke är tillatet att blanda angpanneanga med den vatska, som skall indunstas. Det Or enligt en fortsatt utveckling av uppfinningstanken nadvandigt, att sarskilt alstra den anga som skall inblandas, vilket lampligen kan ske med hjalp av en med kondensat av fuktig anga matad forvarmare. I fig. 4 betecknas evaporatorns 32 ytkondensor med 31. Fran rorstutsen 33 tillfores den anga, som skall kondenseras, medan kylvattnet infOres vid 34 och lamnar kondensorn vid 35. According to the embodiments treated so far, the additive steam consists of at least a part of the steam which is led to the evaporation plant from a steam boiler. There are cases, then. the joke is allowed to mix angpanneanga with the liquid, which is to be evaporated. According to a further development of the inventive idea, it is presentable to produce the steam to be mixed in particular, which can suitably be done with the aid of a preheater fed with condensate of moist steam. In Fig. 4, the surface condenser of the evaporator 32 is designated 31. The pipe to be condensed is supplied from the pipe nozzle 33, while the cooling water is introduced at 34 and leaves the condenser at 35.

Kondensatpumpen 36 leder bort kondensatet genom ledningen 37. Avluftningen genomMires medelst angstraleluftsugen 38 och 39. Enligt foreliggande uppfinning ledes nu en med ventilen 4 reglerbar del av det Iran pumpen kommande kondensatet till anggeneratorn 41, vars varmemantel genomstrommas av exempelvis avgaende anga Iran luftsugen. The condensate pump 36 diverts the condensate through line 37. The deaeration through Mirs by means of the angstral air suction 38 and 39. According to the present invention, a part of the condensate coming with the valve 4 which can be controlled by the valve 4 is now led to the steam generator 41.

Pa grund air upphettningen forangas det tillforda kondensatet och blandas genom ledningen 42 med den vatska, som skall indunstas. I denna ledning kan man anordna en ventil 43 far att i anggeneratoms kokarrum uppratthalla ett visst iivertryck i forhallande till trycket vid inblandningsstallet. Due to the heating, the supplied condensate is evaporated and mixed through line 42 with the liquid to be evaporated. In this line a valve 43 can be arranged so as to maintain a certain live pressure in the boiler room of the generator generator in relation to the pressure at the mixing station.

Det Or ovidkommande for uppfinningen, pa vilket salt anggeneratorn Mores varme. Upphettningen medelst avgande anga frail luftsugen utgar endast en sarskild lamplig metod, am denna avgaendeicke redan anvandes for forvarmning av den valska, som skall indunstas. It is irrelevant to the invention, on which the salt generator generates more heat. The heating by means of an exhaust gas vent is only a particularly suitable method, as this exhaust gas is not already used for preheating the roller to be evaporated.

Fig. 5 visar overdelen av en evaporatorkropp enligt foreliggande uppfinning. Med 4 beteeknas rorplattan med de av varmekroppens mantel 44 omslutna varmeraren 9. Ovanfor rorplattan befinner sig varmekroppens overstycke 3, soni apptill Or tillslutet medelst det avtagbara eller medelst gangjarn uppf allbara locket 45. Inuti Overstycket finnas ringformiga stodflansar 46, pa vilka locken 11. och 12 ligga. Dessa bottnar Oro forsedda med hal .med lamplig storlek och fordelning for tillforsel air vatska och fuktig anga. Den undre bottnen har flera hal an den ovre. Fig. 5 shows the upper part of an evaporator body according to the present invention. 4 denotes the rudder plate with the heater 9 enclosed by the casing 44 of the heating element. 12 lie. These bottoms are equipped with a slider with a suitable size and distribution for supplying liquid and moist water. The lower bottom has several halls than the upper one.

Bottnarna Oro forbundna med varandra medelst det centralt anordnade forbindelseroret 47 med ett vertikalt avstand, som Or lika med avstandet mellan stodflansarna 46. I rorplattan Or inskruvad en bult 48, som stracker sig genom farbindelseroret 47. Bulten Or i sin ovre ande forsedd med en ganga for vingmuttern 49. Viii atdragning air denna vingmutter pressas bottnarna 11 och 12 mot st6den 46, sa att overstyckets 8 inre delas — — upp pa over varandra liggande rum. Den vatska, som skall indunstas, inledes i det oversta rummet genom rOrstutsen 50. Sedan locket 15 har fallts upp och vingmuttern 49 liar lossats, kunna de med varandra forbundna bottnarna 11 och 12 tagas ut, om den undre bottnen har en sâ avpassad diameter, att den icke hindras av den yttre stodflansen 46. The bottoms Oro are connected to each other by means of the centrally arranged connecting tube 47 with a vertical distance equal to Or equal to the distance between the supporting flanges 46. Screwed into the rudder plate Or is a bolt 48 which extends through the connecting tube 47. The bolt Or in its upper spirit is provided with a thread for the wing nut 49. By tightening this wing nut, the bottoms 11 and 12 are pressed against the supports 46, so that the interior of the top piece 8 is divided - - up into superimposed spaces. The liquid to be evaporated is introduced into the upper space through the pipe nozzle 50. After the lid 15 has been folded up and the wing nut 49 has been loosened, the interconnected bottoms 11 and 12 can be removed, if the lower bottom has such a matched diameter. that it is not obstructed by the outer support flange 46.

Ett nagot modifierat utforande visas i fig. 6. Enligt denna är det koniskt utformade Overstycket 3 utfort sd., att det kan fdllas upp fran rorplattan 4 omkring gangj arnet 51, sedan roret for tillfOrsel av valskan liar lossats fran stutsen 50. Bottnen 11 Mlles kvar i Overstyckets koniska inre genom att vingmuttern 49 pa bulten 48 atdrages. Deana dr fastad i ett fastsvetsat tvdrstycke 52. Sedan upphettningskroppens overstycke och vingmuttern har lossats, kan den pa ovan angivet satt med genomgdende Ml forsedda bottnen 11 tagas at. Pd samma satt som vid utforandet enligt fig. 5 kan man awn Mr anordna flera bottnar den ena Over den andra, sO. att man vid behov kan arbeta med mer On tvd. expansionssteg. A slightly modified embodiment is shown in Fig. 6. According to this, the conically shaped upper piece 3 is designed so that it can be folded up from the pipe plate 4 around the hinge 51, after the pipe for supplying the roller has been detached from the stub 50. The bottom 11 Mlles remains in the conical interior of the top piece by tightening the wing nut 49 on the bolt 48. These are fixed in a welded cross-piece 52. After the upper part of the heating element and the wing nut have been loosened, the bottom 11 provided with a continuous M1 can be removed. In the same way as in the embodiment according to Fig. 5, one can arrange awn Mr several bottoms, one Over the other, sO. that if necessary you can work with more On tvd. expansion step.

Claims

Patent claim:

Evaporation process In downflow evaporators, in which the liquid intended for evaporation is introduced in admixture with preheated heat in a tubular heat exchanger (5) with preferably vertically standing heaters (9), which are heated by means of a medium surrounding them, the finger is then released by lowering the pressure of the supplied liquid down to the pressure in the water pipe by causing the liquid to pass several, at least twice. pressure step.

Method according to patent claim 1, Undetecknat & ray, that the superheated steam (additive steam) is initiated from the outside in the liquid heated at least to near the boiling point before or during the expansion carried out in several steps, ie. the pressure drop down to the pressure in the heating pipe (9) and that its quantity is limited by a fixed or installable throttling means (16).

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first pressure step is formed by throttling the fluid drum before entering an expansion chamber (3) belonging to the evaporator, while the following pressure steps accompanying the further expansion are effected by throttling the formed mixture of rollers. and damp enter inside the expansion chamber.

4. A method according to patent claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the number of throttling numbers (13, 14, 15) acting in a pressure step is increased from step to step.

5. A method according to claim 2, Unneteanat ddray, in that the steam to be started is taken out of the heating steam in the heat exchanger (5).

Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the additive vapor with a depth of an angstraleate apparatus (21) is generated from the moist vapor released in the evaporator separator (6).

7. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the additive vapor, when evaporated in several stages, is taken from a suitably selected previous or higher-pressure stage.

8. A method according to patent claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the energy of the additive vapor is used for transporting the liquid,. to be evaporated, to the expansion chamber (3) Above the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger (5).

9. A method according to claim 2, Mil, characterized in that the additive vapor by means of a vapor generator (41) is recovered from the condensate of moist vapor.

Method according to patent claims 2 and 9, characterized in that the steam generator (41) is heated by means of a dispensing steam from an air suction device.

Device for carrying out the method according to patent claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized by a downflow evaporator with a preferably standing tube heat exchanger (5) for indirect heating of the liquid intended for evaporation through whose tubes (9) the liquid passes and whose tubes (9) Containers fixed in an upper plate (4), above which an, possibly removable or resilient upper piece constituting an expansion chamber (3) is arranged, which is provided by one or more removable partitions (11) provided with adjacent perforations. , 12) Or divided into at least two superimposed rooms.

Device according to patent claim 11, characterized in that the top piece Or is provided with a removable or swivel cover (Fig. 5). Request publications: Patent patent ter iron Germany 580 928; USA 1 005 571, 1 717 927, 2 334 959, 2 624 401. Stockholm 1962. Rungl, Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Saner. 620089, - 23 22 z -24 '