SE178518C1

SE178518C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE178518C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1962-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: L T Collin Avgasledningen vid en forbranningsmotor kan i princip indelas i tre huvuddelar, namligen en forsta kanaldel, som ar inbyggd i sjalva motorn och stracker sig fran cylindern till en utatvand mynning, och en andra del besta'- ende av 'ett forbindelseror, som stracker sig frau sagda mynning till den tredje delen, vilken i sin tur är den egentliga avloppsledningen, °eh kan utgoras av en samlingsledning vid en flereylindrig motor, en ljuddampare eller nagot liknande. Vanligtvis anordnas samlingsledningen icke i hajd med kanaldelens mynning utan nedanf5r eller ovanfor densamma, vilket nodvAndiggor en riktningsforandring i gasstrommen. Inventor: LT Collin The exhaust line of an internal combustion engine can in principle be divided into three main parts, namely a first duct part, which is built into the engine itself and extends from the cylinder to an outlet mouth, and a second part consisting of a connecting pipe, which extends from the said mouth to the third part, which in turn is the actual sewer line, ° eh can be formed by a manifold at a multi-cylinder engine, a muffler or something similar. Usually the manifold is not arranged at the mouth of the duct part but below or above it, which necessitates a change of direction in the gas stream.

Oavsett om utstromningen ur cylindern styres av en -ventil eller ,sker genom av kolven reglerade oppningar, uppstar en kraftig turbulens vid gasernas passage genom den forsta delen av avgasledningen. Detta innebar givetvis ett Okat motstand for hela spolningsprocessen, och det dr naturligtvis onskvart, att ledningen utformas sa, att turbulensen blir sa liten som majligt. Man bar emellertid for-Oka aft vidtaga atgarder for att snarast majligt uppha.va oregelbunden rorelse, som an-dock uppstatt, samt i mojligaste man utnyttj a avgasernas kvarvarande rarelseenergi fOr att forbattra spolningen. Delta kan lampligen ske i avgasledningens andra del, forbindelseraret. Delta utformas enligt uppfinningen sa, att erforcierlig riktningsfOrandring i gasernas vag mellan kanaldelens mynning och samlingsledningen sker i rorets forsta parti, att rarets darpa foljande parti uppvisar en i forhallande till forstnamnda parti fortrangd tvarsnittsarea och att dess avslutande parti Or utfort med en kontinuerligt amide tvarsnittsarea saint att roret mellan fortrangningen och samlingsledningen forloper utan vasehtlig riktningsforandring. Regardless of whether the outflow from the cylinder is controlled by a valve or, occurs through openings regulated by the piston, a strong turbulence occurs during the passage of the gases through the first part of the exhaust line. This of course meant an increased resistance to the entire flushing process, and it is of course unfortunate that the line is designed so that the turbulence is as small as possible. However, measures had to be taken to stop irregular movement as soon as possible, which had nevertheless occurred, and to utilize as much as possible the residual energy of the exhaust gases to improve the flushing. Delta can suitably take place in the second part of the exhaust line, the connecting pipe. The delta is designed according to the invention so that the required change of direction in the vase of the gases between the mouth of the duct part and the manifold takes place in the first part of the tube, that the rudder between the displacement and the manifold runs without a significant change of direction.

A bifogade ritning viSas uppfinningen till lampad vid en starre tvataktsmotor med cylind.erlocket anbragt avIoppsventil samt en for drivande av en spolluftkompressor avsedd avgasturhin. In the accompanying drawing, the invention is shown with a lamp mounted on a rigid two-stroke engine with the cylinder cover fitted with a discharge valve and an exhaust gas turbine intended for driving a purge air compressor.

Motorn Or av i och for sig kant slag, med en arbetscylinder 1 och en kolv 2. Den senare reglerar luftens instromning i cylindern genom portar 3 i cylindervaggen, och avgaserna Minna cylinder. genom en appning i locket, som regleras av en ventil 4, vilken paverkas av har icke narmare visade anordningar. The engine Or of per se edge type, with a working cylinder 1 and a piston 2. The latter regulates the inflow of air into the cylinder through ports 3 in the cylinder wall, and the exhaust gases Minna cylinder. by an opening in the lid, which is regulated by a valve 4, which is actuated by having devices not shown in more detail.

Avgaserna passera pa sin vag fran cylindern forst en kanal 5 genom ett med styrning f5r ventilen ifirsett hus 6. Vid dettas utat vanda mynning ansluter sig ett forbindelseror bestaende av en forsta, krokt del 7, och en efterfoljande diffusorformad del 8. Denna mynnar i en storre, tvargaende samlingsledning 9, sorn Or gemensam for fIera cylindrar. Fran denna giir en Iedning 10 upp till en avgasturbin 11, vilken driver en pfi samma axel, och I bilden bakom turbinen liggahde kompressor. Denna levererar viss del av den f5r motorn erforderliga spolluften, vilken via en ledning 12 fares till en receiver 13, som straeker sig utefter motorns hela langd och genom med automatiska ventiler 14 forsedda appningar star i forbindeIse med spauftrummen utanfOr varje enskild cylinders spolluftoppningar. The exhaust gases pass on their way from the cylinder first to a channel 5 through a housing 6 provided with a guide for the valve. At its outwardly used mouth, a connecting pipe consisting of a first, curved part 7, and a subsequent diffuser-shaped part 8 joins. larger, transverse manifold 9, sorn Or common to several cylinders. From this, a line 10 goes up to an exhaust turbine 11, which drives one on the same axis, and in the picture behind the turbine lies a compressor. This supplies a certain part of the purge air required for the engine, which is passed via a line 12 to a receiver 13, which extends along the entire length of the engine and through automatic valves 14 provided with connections to the purge drums outside each individual cylinder's purge air openings.

Avgasernas vag fran motorcylindern till samlingsledningen antydes principielIt av den prickstreckade linjen 16-17. Under den forsta delen av vagen genom ventilhuset far gaserna en 900 andring i rorelseriktningen. Styrningen for ventilspindeln och andra orastandigheter, som influera p0 utformningen av denna kanal, orsaka tyvarr, att gaserna lam-ha mynningsoppningen med ratt stor turbulens. The vagueness of the exhaust gases from the engine cylinder to the manifold is indicated in principle by the dotted line 16-17. During the first part of the journey through the valve housing, the gases change 900 in the direction of movement. The control of the valve stem and other irregularities which influence the design of this duct unfortunately cause the gases to paralyze the orifice with high turbulence.

Placeringen av samlingsledningen 9 beStammes av arrangemanget i maskinrummet, och del Or lampligt, att en sadan andring I ga- 2— — sernas vag, som nodvancliggores av den relativa placeringen av mynningsoppningen respektive samlingsledningen, sker i fOrbindel- serorets forsta parti, omedelbart vid anslutningen till mynningsoppningen, under en stracka som ár betecknad med 18. The location of the manifold 9 is determined by the arrangement in the engine room, and it is appropriate that such a change in the vaginas of the gauges, which is necessitated by the relative location of the orifice and manifold, respectively, takes place in the first portion of the connecting tube, immediately upon connection. to the mouth opening, under a section marked 18.

Efter det att ombojningen ar slutford, born gaserna stromma rakt mot samlingsledningen, sa att nagra nya moment, som kunna orsaka ytterligare turbulens, icke behOva upptrada. For att astadkomma en gynnsam styrning av gasstrommen och jamna ut turbulensen Ox forbindelseroret efter det krokta partiet for-sett med en areafortrangning 19, och fOrlOper darefter med kontinuerligt iikande tvarsnittsarea rakt mot samlingsledningen. After the conversion is completed, the gases flow directly towards the manifold, so that some new elements, which could cause further turbulence, do not have to occur. In order to achieve a favorable control of the gas stream and to even out the turbulence Ox the connecting pipe after the curved portion is provided with an area displacement 19, and then runs with a continuously calibrating cross-sectional area straight towards the manifold.

Genom areafortrangningen okas gasernas hastighet temporart och en >Ai-training» av gasstrOmmen sker, atminstone i gransskiktet utmed direts vaggar. Eftersom den oregelbundna gasstrommen i rorets forsta del kra- ver fOrhallandevis stOrre utrymme On en likformig stromning, innebar en mittlig areafortrangning icke nagot markbart stromningsmotstand om man darigenom astadkommer en forbattring av gasstrommens karaktar. Due to the area narrowing, the velocity of the gases is temporarily increased and an "Ai-training" of the gas flow takes place, at least in the spruce layer along the cradles of the dir. Since the irregular gas flow in the first part of the rudder requires a relatively larger space on a uniform flow, a moderate area narrowing did not mean any noticeable flow resistance if one thereby achieves an improvement in the character of the gas flow.

Man maste offra ett visst tryckfall for att M gaserna att stromma Iran cylindern till samlingsledningen, och eftersom spolperio- dens langd och tvarsnittsarean i den forsta delen av gaskanalen Or bestamd av motorns konstruktiva data, maste man rakna med, att gaserna ha en viss, ratt hog hastighet under utstromningen genom den forsta delen av ut- stijtsroret. Nar man val kommit utanfOr sjalva motorn, har man storre mojligheter att utforma gasledningen, sa att hastigheten nedsattes och mynningsforlusten Mir liten. Anordnandet av den diffusorformade delen alt man Atervinner en del av den energi, som man varit tvungen att giva gaserna, for att dessa under den givna tidsperioden skulle hinna att stromma ut genom det begransade kanaltvarsnitt, som star till buds. Den diffu- sorformade delen bOr givas sadan langd, att man med en ringa konvinkel i roret, sag 6 A 10°, nar fram till en mynningsOppning, som i viss grad, sag 100 %, overstiger arean vid den ombojda delens slut. Den diffusorformade delen ansluter sig tangentiellt till yttermanteln av samlingsledningen, vilken har avsevart storre diameter On forbindelserOrets mynning. Harigenom uppstar en roterande rorelse 1 samlingsledningen, som hjalper till att I nagon man suga gasen ur forbindelseroret. For att ytterligare fOrstarka uppriktningen av gasstrommen i farbindelseroret, kan det vara lampligt, att omedelbart fare areafortrangningen anordna ett parti 20 med °Wanderligt tvarsnitt, vars centrumlinje sammanfaller med lOngdaxeln for den efterfoIjande diffusor. formade delen. A certain pressure drop must be sacrificed in order for the M gases to flow the Iran cylinder to the manifold, and since the length of the purge period and the cross-sectional area in the first part of the gas channel Or are determined by the engine constructive data, one must assume that the gases have a certain high speed during the outflow through the first part of the ejector rudder. When you have chosen outside the engine itself, you have greater opportunities to design the gas line, so that the speed is reduced and the muzzle loss is small. The arrangement of the diffuser-shaped part or one Recovers some of the energy which has had to be given to the gases, so that during the given period of time these would have time to flow out through the limited channel cross-section, which is available. The diffuser-shaped part should be given such a length that, with a small cone angle in the rudder, saw 6 A 10 °, one reaches a mouth opening, which to a certain extent, saw 100%, exceeds the area at the end of the bent part. The diffuser-shaped part adjoins tangentially to the outer jacket of the manifold, which has a larger diameter on the mouth of the connections. As a result, a rotating movement arises in the manifold, which helps to suck the gas out of the connecting pipe. In order to further strengthen the alignment of the gas stream in the connecting pipe, it may be appropriate to immediately arrange the area narrowing to provide a portion 20 with a variable transverse section, the center line of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the subsequent diffuser. shaped part.

Genom diffuseringen omsattes en del av avgasernas hastighet i tryck. Tryckskillnaden mellan motorcylindern och avgassamlingsledningen Or ju ett matt pa energiforlusten vid spolningen, och i den man man kan minska denna skillnad liar man forbattrat spolverkningsgraden. Genom uppfinningen kan man sfi att saga angripa problemet Iran tva hall genom att a ena sidan en mindre del av kompressorns arbete behOver utnyttjas for tackande av stromningsforluster, och A andra sidan ett hogre gastryck f6re turbinen ger mar arbete for drivande av kompressorn. Den Oka-de luftmangden, som blir en foljd harav kommer cylindern till del i form av en forbattrad fyllning. Through the diffusion, part of the velocity of the exhaust gases was converted into pressure. The pressure difference between the engine cylinder and the exhaust manifold is, after all, a measure of the energy loss during flushing, and in that this difference can be reduced, the flushing efficiency is improved. By means of the invention it is possible to say that the problem of Iran can be tackled in two ways by, on the one hand, a small part of the compressor's work having to be used to compensate for flow losses, and on the other hand a higher gas pressure before the turbine provides more work to drive the compressor. The increased amount of air, which becomes a consequence of which the cylinder receives in the form of an improved filling.

Ovan visade och beskrivna utforingsform far endast betraktas sasom ett exempel pa uppfinningen, vars detaljer kunna variera pa manga satt mom ramen f8r efterfoljande patentansprak. Den kan salunda anvandas vid saval tvatakts- som vid fyrtaktsmotorer, och ar oberoende av antalet utstromningsventiler per cylinder. Den kan, som namnts, Oven anvandas vid sadana motorer, dar kolven reglerar avloppsoppningen i cylindervaggen. The embodiment shown and described above can only be regarded as an example of the invention, the details of which may vary in many ways within the scope of subsequent patent claims. It can thus be used with both two-stroke and four-stroke engines, and is independent of the number of outflow valves per cylinder. It can, as mentioned, also be used with such engines, where the piston regulates the drain opening in the cylinder wall.

Uppfinningen har speciellt varde i samband med motorer f8rsedda med avgasturbindrivna kompressorer, men dess verkan Or Oxen av betydelse fOr ordinara motorer, dar det galley att tillgodogiira sig minskningen i spolmotstandet. The invention is particularly valuable in connection with engines equipped with exhaust turbine-driven compressors, but its effect is significant for ordinary engines, where it is galley to take advantage of the reduction in coil resistance.

Claims

Patent claim:

1. Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, whose exhaust system pa. edge set contains a duct part (5) built into each cylinder unit, to which the connecting tubes (7, 8) connected to the engine's manifold (9) are located on another level On the mouths of the duct parts, can be drawn therefrom, each f Orbindelseroret Or sO. designed, that the required change of direction ± the vague of the gases between the mouth of the duct part (5) and the manifold (9) takes place in the first part of the tube (18), that the following portion of the tube has a narrowed cross-sectional area (19) in relation to the first-mentioned portion and that its terminating portion Or formed with a continuous amide cross-sectional area, and between the constriction (19) and the manifold (9) proceeds without significant change of direction.

Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting tube (7, 8) immediately before the displacement has a part (20), suitably with an immutable cross-section, the center line of which coincides with the long axis of the subsequent diffuser-shaped pullet (8).

Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffuser-shaped portion (8) of the connections 5 is sO. arranged to connect tangentially to the manifold (9), which has a substantially larger diameter at the mouth of the diffuser-shaped part.

4. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffuser-shaped portion (8) of the connecting tube has such a length that its orifice area at a cone angle in the tube of approximately 6 to 0 exceeds the area just before the displacement by approximately 100%.

An internal combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manifold (9) is connected to an exhaust turbine which drives a compressor which supplies at least a part of the purge air required for the engine. Request publications: Patentskrifter tram Sverige 131 898; France 860 897, 975 645; United Kingdom 541 035; Germany 895 677. Stockholm 1962. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & SOner. 620089