SE178309C1

SE178309C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE178309C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1961-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: B C Hagstedt Uppfin:ningen hanfor sig till uppvarmningsanlaggningar med flera varmepannor for mat-fling av en varmefOrbrukningskrets med gemensam framledning och returledning, speciellt for uppvarmning ay ett eller Hera bostadshus eller andra byggnader. De varmepannor, som numera komma i fraga i dylika sammanhang, aro vanligen inrattade for upphettning medelst brannare f8r flytande bransle, speciellt olja. Varje pannas hrannare ar anordnad att tandas och slackas resp. regleras med hjalp av en motsvarande relaanordning under kontroll av en tillharande varmebehovstermostat. Pet finnes salunda lika manga termostatkretsar som pannor, och de enskilda varmebehovstermostaterna, som kunna vara anordnade i framledningen men vanligen aro inbyggda pa ett och gamma stalk i den gemensamma returledningen, aro installda pa olika hoga temperaturer for tandning och slackning av pannorna i tur och ordning alitefter varmehehovet. Inventor: B C Hagstedt The invention relates to heating systems with several boilers for feeding a heat consumption circuit with a common supply and return line, especially for heating in one or more residential buildings or other buildings. The boilers which are now in question in such contexts are usually designed for heating by means of burners for the liquid industry, especially oil. Each boiler's cleaner is arranged to be toothed and slackened resp. is regulated by means of a corresponding relay device under the control of an associated heat demand thermostat. There are thus as many thermostat circuits as boilers, and the individual heat demand thermostats, which may be arranged in the supply line but are usually built on one and old stalks in the common return line, are installed at different high temperatures for ignition and slackening of the boilers in turn. according to the heat heater.

Vid anlaggningar av ovan angivna slag kan det intraffa, att signaler frau en pa.verkad varmebehavstermostat icke leder till tan.dning av tillhorande panna, exempelvis pa grund av felaktigt tandelektrodavstand, belaggningar pa tandelektroderna eller fel i oljetillforseln. Delta innebar, att temperaturen i returledningen forts atter att sjunka, tills nasta varm.ebehovstermostat paverkas for tandning av nasta panna. Ett misslyckat tandningsfOrsok leder alitsa till en on5digt stor variation i varmetillforseln till varmeforbrukningskretsen. In the case of systems of the above type, it may occur that signals from an affected heat demand thermostat do not lead to ignition of the associated boiler, for example due to incorrect tooth electrode spacing, coatings on the tooth electrodes or faults in the oil supply. Delta meant that the temperature in the return line continues to fall until the next hot demand thermostat is affected for ignition of the next boiler. An unsuccessful ignition attempt also leads to an unnecessarily large variation in the heat supply to the heat consumption circuit.

Del problem, som ligger till grund for uppfinningen, ãr att undvika derma olagenhet, dvs. trygga en jamnare varmetinforsel trots markerande panna, och detta problem loses enligt uppfinningen pa foljande salt. Varje varmebehovstermostatkrets kombineras med en felsignalkrets Iran motsvarande panna, vii-ken felsignalkrets erhaller en felsignal frau tillhorande pannas relaanordning, om paverkan av motsvarande varmebehovstermostat ej lett till tandning av Farman. Denna felsignalkrets innehaller ett reld, som Or anordnat att i beroende av en felsignal overkoppla den paverkade termostaten till i namnda ordning narmast foljande pannas relaanordning far tandning av denna panna. Overkopplingsrelaet I vane felsignatkrets ar vidare anordnat att vid tillslagning i beroende av en felsignal frau sin panna aven astadkomma successiv tillslagning av overkopplingsretaerna i alla foljande pannors felsignalkretsar. Mimed kommer var och en av alla foljande termostater att overkopplas till en foljande panna. Vid ytterligare stegrat varmebehov kommer salunda nasta pftverkade termostat att i sin krets finna nastfoljande panna —.da ju denna termostats ordinarie panna redan anvants sasom ersattning for den panna, vars tandning misslyekats. Part of the problem underlying the invention is to avoid this inequality, i.e. ensure a smoother heat input despite the marking boiler, and this problem is solved according to the invention on the following salt. Each heat demand thermostat circuit is combined with an error signal circuit Iran corresponding to the boiler, which error signal circuit receives an error signal from the associated boiler relay device, if the influence of the corresponding heat demand thermostat does not lead to ignition of Farman. This fault signal circuit contains a line which is arranged to, in dependence on a fault signal, switch over the affected thermostat to the relay device of the boiler closest to the said order before ignition of this boiler. The switching relay In the usual fault signal circuit is further arranged that, when switched on in dependence on a fault signal from its boiler, it is also possible to effect successive switching on of the switching circuits in the fault signal circuits of all subsequent boilers. Mimed, each of the following thermostats will be switched to a following boiler. In the event of a further increase in heat demand, the next refurbished thermostat will thus find in its circuit the next boiler — since the ordinary boiler of this thermostat has already been used as a replacement for the boiler whose ignition has failed.

Enligt ett ytterligare kannetecken pa uppfinningen innehalla termostatkretsarna var sin omkopplare med lika manga installningslagen som antalet pannor eller grnpper av pan-nor, varvid dessa omkopplare a.ro gemensamt omstallbara for omfordelning av varmebehovstermostaterna pa. de olika pannorna reap. panngrupperna. Omkopplarna aro avsedda att sta. i sitt installda lage en jamforelsevis Fang tidsperiod, under vilken stadse en och samma panna (resp. panngrupp) forst tages I drift vid nedgang i returledningens temperatur och salunda ãr s. k. baspanna. Efter forloppet av derma tidsperiod kan man genom ett enda enkelt handgrepp omstalla omkopplarna till ett nytt installningslage, i vilket en annan panna blir baspanna, osv. En dylik enkel omstallning kan utforas manuellt aven ay oskolad arbetskraft med ledning ay ett enkelt tidsschema automatiskt av ett kopplingsur, och man far sakerhet for att omfordelningen am varme- 2- - behovstermostaterna pa de olika pannorna verkligen genomfores, sh att jamnhet i slitaget hos de enskilda pannorna darmed tryggas. Aven felsignalkretsarna innehalla var sin omkopplare med lika manga installningslagen som antalet pannor resp. panngrupper, varvid dessa omkopplare aro gemensamt omstallbara med termostatomkopplarna for omfordelning av overkopplingsrelderna p samma salt som termostaterna. According to a further feature of the invention, the thermostat circuits each contain a switch with as many installation layers as the number of boilers or groups of boilers, these switches being jointly switchable for redistributing the heat demand thermostats on. the different pans reap. the forehead groups. The switches are intended to stand. in its installed layer a comparable Fang time period, during which the same and the same boiler (resp. boiler group) is first put into operation when the return line temperature decreases and salunda is the so-called base boiler. After the lapse of this time period, the switches can be converted to a new installation type with a single simple operation, in which another boiler becomes the base boiler, and so on. Such a simple adjustment can be carried out manually even by unskilled labor with the guidance of a simple time schedule automatically by a timer, and one is assured that the redistribution of the heat-2 - demand thermostats on the various boilers is really carried out, that evenness in the wear of the the individual boilers are thus secured. The fault signal circuits also each contain a switch with as many installation layers as the number of boilers resp. boiler groups, these switches being jointly switchable with the thermostat switches for redistributing the switching fields on the same salt as the thermostats.

En utf8ringsform av en anordning enligt uppfinningen är sasom exempel schematiskt hskadliggjord ph bifogade ritning. Fig. 1 visor en uppvarmningsanlaggning med tre pan- nor jamte tillhorande framledning och returledning samt termostatkretsar. Fig. 2 är ett elektriskt kopplingsschema for termostatkretsarna och felsignalkretsarna jamte omkopplare och relder. An embodiment of a device according to the invention is, as an example, schematically damaged in the accompanying drawing. Fig. 1 shows a heating system with three boilers and associated supply and return line and thermostat circuits. Fig. 2 is an electrical circuit diagram of the thermostat circuits and the error signal circuits as well as switches and coils.

Den i fig. 1 visade uppvarmningsanlaggningen omfattar tre pannor PI, P2, P3 med var sin brannare (oljebrannare) 01, 02, 03. Den till pannorna anslutna varmefarbrukningskretsens framledning och returledning aro betecknade med Ls resp. Lr. I den gemensamma returledningen Lr Aro de tre varmebehovstermostaterna T80', T70, T60 inbyggda, vilka antagas vara paverkbara vid temperaturerna 80°, 70° resp. 60° C. Fran varje termostat T80, T70, T60 gar en strainkrets Al, A2 resp. A3 till en reldanordning Cl, C2 resp. C3 far varje panna. Genom dessa relhanordningar tandas och slackas brannarna 01, 02, 03 och utfOras andra regleringsfunktioner. Dylika relhanordningar aro i och far sig viii kanda och utgara icke nagot kannetecken ph uppfinningen. I termostatkretsarna kunna omkopplarna S vara anordnade, vilka ha tre installningslagen far andring av den ordning I Olken termostaterna aro tilldelade pannorna. The heating system shown in Fig. 1 comprises three boilers P1, P2, P3, each with a burner (oil burner) 01, 02, 03. The supply and return line of the heat consumption circuit connected to the boilers are denoted by Ls resp. Lr. In the common return line Lr Aro the three heating demand thermostats T80 ', T70, T60 are built-in, which are assumed to be actuatable at temperatures 80 °, 70 ° resp. 60 ° C. From each thermostat T80, T70, T60 runs a strain circuit A1, A2 resp. A3 to a rail device C1, C2 resp. C3 father each forehead. Through these relay devices the burners 01, 02, 03 are ignited and slackened and other control functions are performed. Such relay devices are in and of themselves known and do not constitute a sign of the invention. In the thermostat circuits the switches S can be arranged, which have three installation layers, which can be changed in the order in which the thermostats are assigned to the boilers.

I den i fig. 1 visade instalIningen av kopplingsarmarna SA1, SA2, SA3, salunda nar dessa befinna sig I del med 1 markerade laget, är pannan P1 kontrollerad av termostaten T80, pannan P2 kontrollerade av termostaten T70 och pannan P3 kontrollerad av termostaten TOO. Om temperaturen i returledningen Lr sjunker nagot under 80°, paverkas termostaten T80 och tandes pannan Pl. Om temperaturen sjunker ytterligare, paverkas darph termostaten T70 for tandning av pannan P2 och slutligen termostaten T60 for tandning av pannan P3. Vid start varmebehov aro salunda alla pannorna i drift. Vid avtagande varmebehov slackas pannorna i tar och ordning, alltefter som temperaturen i returledningen stiger och termostaterna ingh i sina vilolagen. I denna installning av kopplingsarmarna SA1, SA2, SA3 Or salunda pannan P1 den panna, som arhater meat och Or a. k. baspanna. Vid installning av kopplingsarmarna i det med 2 markerade laget tilldelas termostaten T80 pannan P3, som alltsd blir baspanna, medan termosta- terna T70 och T60 tilldelas pannorna P1 rasp': P2. Vid installning av kopplingsarmarna i det med 3 markerade laget tilldelas termostaten T80 pannan P2, som nu blir baspanna, medan termostaterna T70 och T60 tilldelas pannorna P3 resp. PI. In the installation of the switching arms SA1, SA2, SA3 shown in Fig. 1, so that when they are in part with the marked layer 1, the boiler P1 is controlled by the thermostat T80, the boiler P2 is controlled by the thermostat T70 and the boiler P3 is controlled by the thermostat TOO. If the temperature in the return line Lr drops slightly below 80 °, the thermostat T80 is affected and the boiler Pl. If the temperature drops further, the darph thermostat T70 for ignition of the boiler P2 and finally the thermostat T60 for ignition of the boiler P3 are affected. When starting heat demand, all boilers are in operation. With decreasing heat demand, the boilers are slackened in order, as the temperature in the return line rises and the thermostats are included in their rest layers. In this installation of the coupling arms SA1, SA2, SA3 Or salunda boiler P1 the boiler which arhater meat and Or a. K. Base boiler. When installing the switching arms in the layer marked with 2, the thermostat T80 is assigned the boiler P3, which thus becomes the base boiler, while the thermostats T70 and T60 are assigned to the boilers P1 rasp ': P2. When installing the switching arms in the layer marked with 3, the thermostat T80 is assigned the boiler P2, which now becomes the base boiler, while the thermostats T70 and T60 are assigned to the boilers P3 resp. PI.

I fig. 1 Oro felsignalkretsarna icke visade, men fig. 2 a skadliggor i detalj den elektriska kopplingen bhde fOr termostatkretsarna ,och felsignalkretsarna med omkopplare och relaer. Liksom i fig. 1 betecknas varmebehovstermostaterna med T80, T70, T60 och deras stramkretsar med Al, A2, A3. Felsignalkretsarna Oro betecknade med Bl, B2, B3, ,och de i desamma liggande averkopplingsrelderna Oro visade vid R1, R2, R3. Vid Li visas en plusledare for terrnostatkretsarna, som ga. till minus i reldanordningarna Cl, C2, C3 (ej visade i fig. 2), och vid L2 visas en minusledare for felsignalkretsarna, som vid misslyckad tandning anslutas till plus i relap.nordningen Cl, C2 eller C3 for mankerande panna. Sasom redan namnts, utgor relaanordningarnas Cl, C2, C3 utforande icke nagot vasentligt fOr uppfinningen. Termostatkretsarna Al, A2, A3 innehalla var sin kopplingsarm. SA1, SA2 reap. SA3 och felsignalkretsarna Bl, B2, B3 innehalla ocksa var sin kopplingsarm SB1, SB2 resp. SB3. All. kopplingsarmarna Oro gemensmt omstallbara, antingen far hand eller automatiskt av ett kopplingsur, och deras tre installningslagen resp. fasta kontakter Oro betecknade med 1, 2, 3. Dessa fasta kontakter Oro pa det hskadliggjorda sattet forbundna genom ledarna is. Overkopplingsrelaerna R1, R2, R3 ha en kontakt rl, r2, r3, som normalt ligger I tillhiirande termostats T80, T70, T60 krets, men vid reldtillslag overkopplar ifragavarande termostat till ledaren 1r, som gar till narmast faljande termostats krets. Vidare ha overkopplingsrelaerna en extra kontakt rl', r2', r3', som nor-malt Or oppen men vid relitilislag ansluter plus Iran ledaren Li via ledaren le till nal.- mast foljande termostats overkopplingsrea Termostaterna T80, T70, T60 avge vid pA- verkan en startsignal fran plus pa ledaren Li till respektive panna.s relaanordning fi3r fOndfling av pannan ph det salt som redan beskrivits i samband med fig. 1. For forklaring av averkopplingen vid misslyckad tandning av en panna ma antagas, att termostaten T80 ph grund av minskning av temperaturen nagot under 80° C avger en startimpuls till pannan P1 men att tandningen av derma panna misslyckas p0. grund av ett fel vid densamma. Nar tandningsfarsoket upphar efter ett bestamt tidsintervall, utan att tandningen lyckats, utgar fran plus i pannans P1 reldanordning Cl en felsignal genom felsignalkretsen B1 Over read R1, till minus ph ledaren L2. Denna felsignal forblir bestaende, tills felet avhjdlpts. Overkopplingsreldet R1 slar till och omlagger sina hada kontakter rl och r1'. Kontakten rl — — ansluter termostaten T80 via ledaren. 1r till pannans P2 stromkerts A2, sa att startsignalen Iran termostaten T80 tander pannan P2. Kontakten rl' ansluter plus-spanning frail ledaren Li genom ledaren lr' via overkopplingsrelaet R2 till minus ph ledaren L2, sa att aven overkopplingsrelaet R2 slar till. Genom omlaggningen av kontakten r2 anslutes termostaten T70 via tillhorande ledare lr till pannans P3 stromkrets A3, sá att termostaten T70 vid fortsatt minskning av temperaturen liar Rasta panna. P3 att starta. Genom slutnincren av kontakten r2' hringas nasta overkopplingsrela R3 att sla till, osv. Sedan startsignalen fra'n en termostat liar misslyckats att tanda sin ordinarie panna och overkopplats till nasta panna, sker foljaktligen steg for stag aven en Overkoppling av alla foljande termostaterna pa respektive fOljande panna. In Fig. 1 the error signal circuits are not shown, but Fig. 2a damages in detail the electrical connection both for the thermostat circuits, and the error signal circuits with switches and relays. As in Fig. 1, the heat demand thermostats are denoted by T80, T70, T60 and their circuits by A1, A2, A3. The error signal circuits Oro denoted by B1, B2, B3,, and the disconnection fields Oro in the same are shown at R1, R2, R3. At Li, a positive conductor is shown for the thermostat circuits, which gave. to minus in the electrical devices C1, C2, C3 (not shown in Fig. 2), and at L2 a negative conductor is shown for the fault signal circuits, which in the event of unsuccessful ignition is connected to a plus in the relap. As already mentioned, the design of the relay devices C1, C2, C3 does not constitute anything essential to the invention. The thermostat circuits A1, A2, A3 each contain their own switching arm. SA1, SA2 reap. SA3 and the error signal circuits B1, B2, B3 also each contain their own coupling arm SB1, SB2 and SB2, respectively. SB3. All. The switch arms Concernally adjustable, either manually or automatically by a timer, and their three installation laws resp. fixed contacts Anxiety denoted by 1, 2, 3. These fixed contacts Anxiety in the damaged way connected by the conductors is. The switching relays R1, R2, R3 have a contact r1, r2, r3, which is normally located in the associated thermostat T80, T70, T60 circuit, but in the event of a fire, the thermostat in question switches to the conductor 1r, which goes to the nearest falling thermostat circuit. Furthermore, the switching relays have an extra contact r1 ', r2', r3 ', which normally Or open but in the case of relitilis connects plus Iran the conductor Li via the conductor le to nal.- mast following thermostat switching rea The thermostats T80, T70, T60 emit at pA- effect a start signal from plus on the conductor Li to the respective boiler.s relay device for refilling the boiler ph the salt already described in connection with fig. 1. To explain the disconnection in case of failed ignition of a boiler it must be assumed that the thermostat T80 ph due to reduction of the temperature slightly below 80 ° C gives a starting impulse to the boiler P1 but the ignition of this boiler fails p0. due to an error in the same. When the ignition hazard ceases after a certain time interval, without the ignition being successful, from the plus in the boiler P1 control device C1 an error signal is emitted through the error signal circuit B1 Over read R1, to minus the pH conductor L2. This error signal remains constant until the error is corrected. The switching fire R1 turns on and rearranges its had contacts r1 and r1 '. The contact rl - - connects the thermostat T80 via the conductor. 1r to the boiler P2 is energized A2, so that the start signal Iran thermostat T80 turns on the boiler P2. The contact r1 'connects the plus voltage from the conductor L1 through the conductor lr' via the switching relay R2 to the minus ph conductor L2, so that also the switching relay R2 turns on. By rearranging the contact r2, the thermostat T70 is connected via the associated conductor lr to the boiler circuit A3 of the boiler P3, so that the thermostat T70, if the temperature continues to decrease, rests on the boiler. P3 to start. By closing the contact r2 ', the next switching relay R3 is called to turn on, and so on. Since the start signal from a thermostat has failed to turn on its ordinary boiler and is switched to the next boiler, a switch of all subsequent thermostats on the respective following boiler is consequently carried out step by step.

Skulle startsignalen fran termostaten T80 Astadkommit tandning av pannan P1 och skulle en startsignal fran termostaten T70 efter fortsatt minskning av temperaturen misslyekas att tanda pannan P2, overkopplas den sistnamnda startsignalen pa det beskrivna sattet till pannan P3. Ovan har verkningssattet forklarats vid installning av alla kopplingsarmama SA och SB i laget 1, men verkningssattet Or i princip detsamma nar kopplingsarmania sta i laget 2 eller i laget 3. Den enda skillnaden Or ju att pannornas ordinarie fordelning ph termostaterna är annorlunda, sasom forklarats i samband med fig. 1. Should the start signal from the thermostat T80 provide ignition of the boiler P1 and should a start signal from the thermostat T70 after further reduction of the temperature fail to ignite the boiler P2, the latter start signal is switched in the described manner to the boiler P3. Above, the mode of action has been explained when installing all the coupling arms SA and SB in the team 1, but the mode of action Or is basically the same when the switching armia is in the team 2 or in the team 3. The only difference is that the boilers' ordinary distribution ph thermostats are different, as explained in in connection with Fig. 1.

Ph ritningen har antagits, att uppyarmningsanlaggningen omfattar tre pannor med tre tillhorancle varmehehovstermostater. Givetvis ar det majligt att tillampa uppfinningen aven vid uppirarmningsanlaggningar med tva pannor eller mer an tre pannor. 1/id tre pannor her relhet R3 ingen uppgift att fylla, men detta rela har visats for att fiskadliggora en utbyggnad av anordningen fOr anvandning vid ett storre antal pannor. 1/id ett storre antal pan-nor Ras givetvis antalet varmebehovstermo - stater och antalet installningslage for omkopplarna pa motsvarande salt. According to the drawing, it has been assumed that the heating system comprises three boilers with three associated heating thermostats. Of course, it is possible to apply the invention also to armature systems with two boilers or more than three boilers. 1 / id three boilers her relhet R3 no information to fill, but this rela has been shown to facilitate the expansion of the device for use with a larger number of boilers. 1 / id a larger number of boilers Of course, the number of heat demand thermostats and the number of installation layers for the switches on the corresponding salt.

Vid uppvarmningsanlaggningar med ett stort antal pannor, .exempelvis sex pannor, Or det mojligt att sammanfora pannorna i grupper, exempelvis tre grupper eller par, vilka grupper tilldelas var sin varmebehovstermostat, varvid salunda termostaterna styra var sin panngrupp i stallet for var sin panna, sasom vid den. beskrivna utforingsformen. In heating systems with a large number of boilers, for example six boilers, it is possible to combine the boilers in groups, for example three groups or pairs, which groups are assigned each their own heat demand thermostat, whereby the thermostats control each boiler group instead of each boiler, as at it. described embodiment.

Uppvarmningsanlaggningen behOver joke nodvandigtvis utforas med varmvattenpannor utan kan aven uppbyggas av angpannor, vilka via varmevaxlare aro anslutna till framledning och returledning. The heating system needs to be joked with hot water boilers, but can also be built up of steam boilers, which are connected to the supply and return line via heat exchangers.

Claims

Patent claim:

Device in a heating system with several boilers for supplying a heat consumption circuit with common supply and return line, in which system a plurality of heat demand thermostats installed at different high temperatures are arranged so that through each circuit each controls a relay device for ignition and extinguishing each. patina, whereby the boilers are turned on and off in succession according to the heat demand, characterized in that each heat demand thermostat circuit (e.g. Al) Or combined with an error signal circuit (e.g. B1) from the corresponding boiler (P1), which error signal circuit receives an error signal from the associated boiler control device (C1), if the influence of the corresponding heat demand thermostat (T80) does not lead to ignition air boiler (P1), and which error signal circuit contains a relay (R1), which is arranged to switch over the affected thermostat (error signal). T80) to the nearest boiler (132) relay device (C2) for igniting the boiler in the said order.

Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching fire (e.g. R1) in each fault signal circuit (e.g. B1) is arranged to, when switched on in dependence on a fault signal, also cause its boiler (P1) to switch on of the switching relays (R2, R3, - - -) in all failing boilers (P2, P3, - - -) fault signal circuits (B2, B3, - - -).

Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermostatic circuits (A1, A2, - - -) each contain a switch (SA1, SA2, -) with the same number of installation laws as the number of boilers or groups of boilers, these switches Oro jointly adjustable for changing the distribution of the heat demand thermostats (T80, T70, T60) on the different boilers resp. the forehead groups.

Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the error signal circuits (B1, B2, - -) each contain a switch (SB1, SB2, - - -) with the same number of installation layers and the number of boilers rasp. boiler groups, these switches being jointly adjustable together with the thermostat switches (SA1, SA2, - - -) for changing the switching relays (R1, R2. - - -) in the same way. Request publications: