SE174548C1 - - Google Patents

Description

Inventor: AA Miller Priority Begtird Iran October 24, 1952 United Kingdom) Foreliggancle, invention refers to a 'hydraulic coupling with, driving and driven, coaxial face to face rotatable coupling elements with in, these' face surfaces occupied, concentric, annular, with intermediate walls or .shovels .fitted .shells. These together form an annular cavity for a coupling fluid, the said elements - under the influence of increased centrifugal pressure hog the fluid in the cavity at Mat speed - being ice-displaceable in the axial direction and thereby interconnecting inwardly within a mechanical connection. In addition, devices are provided for allowing the liquid to paint from the cavity of a rotating chamber with a mass of liquid, which in the last chamber forms a centrifugal pressure, which counteracts the ice lining of the elements. The object of the invention is to provide an improved such hydraulic coupling. The invention can be characterized mainly in that a scalar ed is arranged to continuously convey the liquid in the rotating chamber radially to: space, from which the liquid flows into the said annular cavity under the influence of the centrifugal force, in which case the centrifugal pressure in the chamber is kept closer to in the hall space, and that the elements are to be inserted in the axial direction of the inboard coupling by means of the mechanical coupling at the speed.

In a prior art construction of the type mentioned in the introduction, a valve must be opened to lower the hydraulic pressure until the two hydraulic coupling elements achieve synchronism, whereby one element can connect the mechanical coupling line with the other element. According to the present invention, on the other hand, the scalar continuously absorbs oil from the drum and returns it to the annular cavity, whereby the oil level in the drum is kept lower in the cavity, while the drive is driven, the element at given speed will be pressed on one side to. interact with the clutch. It should be understood, however, that the present invention entailed a considerably simpler solution in that the known valve could be dispensed with.

The invention will be further elucidated in the following with reference to the accompanying Fig., Which shows, for example, an axial section through one half of a gearbox with the hydraulic coupling: according to an embodiment of the invention.

The motor shaft is denoted by 1 and the flywheel by 2. By 3 is denoted a generous drum tiler chamber, which, as shown in the drawing is connected: d directly to the flywheel 2 by means of a gear coupling 4. By 5 is denoted the output 'shaft, Indian viiken and the drum three automatic gear units are connected in series inside the drum. In the present context, it would be sufficient to mention that 6 denotes a ring which forms the constituent member of the first unit in the series. 7 denotes the output power plate in the last unit of the series. This output plate 7 is connected to the output shaft 5. The ring 6 extends to the front drum with the common drum 3 via a hydraulic coupling 8. In the present device the power transmission from the motor shaft 1 and the flywheel 2 goes to the common drum 3 and then over the hydraulic coupling. 8 to the ring 6. From there, the power transmission Over dc the three gear units to the output plate 7, and to the shaft 5.

Each of the three units, which downshift the speed one step, is provided with friction shoes 17a, 17b, 17c, which can be fitted to the drum: or disengaged from the donna according to the operating conditions. The friction shoes are pressed: elastically outwards, the lock in which they abut against the inside of the drum 3, and under the influence of a torque which arises between the output plate 7 and the corresponding ineffect plate during distribution of the friction shoes they are pressed inwards against the action of the same acting force and twinges: salunda out of cooperation with the inside of the drum 2— - inside. Da -de had the coupling parts, ie. the friction shoes and the drum 3 are from frictional engagement with each other, the power transmission takes place through the gearbox by downshifting in that the drum 3 rotates corresponding planet wheels' to alter around -a -stationart About the drum 3 and the friction shoes 17a, 17b, 17c with each other, -erhalles -direct transfer from the drum 3 to the friction shoes (thence to the output plate 7 and the output shaft 5.

The coupling and friction of the coupling parts (drum 3 and the friction shoes) takes place depending on both speed and torque, ie. switching off is achieved when the torque 5 exceeds -a given value, which is greater or less as the speed .is higher or lower, and switching on takes place, -the torque falls below a given value. Since the gearbox is not hot and the torque is exerted on the drum 3, the friction shoes 17a, 17b, 17e are thus kept in place due to their elastic load in coupling engagement with the drum and the gearbox assumes a silt condition for direct feeding. If a torque is now exerted on the drum 3 and it is assumed that the load on the output shaft 5 is significant, the torque increases to -one of the force has the unidirected spring load on the friction shoes dependent, before the output -shaft. 5 begins to rotate, at which point the drum 3 rotates during slimming in relation to the friction shoes. When this happens, the torque is transmitted from the drum 3 to the output shaft 5 at lower speeds.

If it is assumed that the gearbox surface overflows power to the output shaft 5 on the lower gear, ie. the friction shoes out of engagement with the drum 3, rotate the friction shoes with the speed of the output shaft, and they will then be resiliently displaced against the silt bearing in frictional engagement with the drum as a result of the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the output shaft. This force is added to the force acting by the spring load. Yes. the torque decreases or the speed is increased to such that the total p5. the impact force acting on the friction shoes overcomes the frictional force exerted by the said moment, the friction shoes are caused to cooperate with the drum 3, whereby direct transmission is obtained.

If the gearbox drives the output shaft 5 with direct transmission, the friction shoes are affected by a force acting in the direction of impact, which is formed by the force exerted by the spring tension and a centrifugal force dependent on the speed of the output shaft 5. No force in the friction direction acts on the friction shoes. When the torque 5 exceeds a given value, sliming occurs, after which the drum 3 will rotate snahbare on the friction shoes.

Each friction shoe bypasses the abutment of the corresponding unit when abutting the drum and provides direct transfer of the driving force from the drum to the nfista unit in the series or to the output shaft 5, which is the question of the last unit.

The hydraulic coupling 8 (comprises two coaxial coupling halves 9 and 10, which rotate taken adjacent to each other. Near the outer periphery, each half is formed with an annular recess or shell 11, 12, which is coaxial with the common axis of rotation. The ram annular shells 11 (and 12 lie taken next to each other (Ai .a.ro vanda naot each other. The dividing plane anellan -they form a right angle to the -common axis of rotation, so that together they form -an annular halo (chamber). The ram annular shells 11 and Each of the annular shells 11 and 12 is divided into sections by a plurality of radial vanes or separating figs 13, each having a semicircular cross-sectional shape, so that the formed cavity or chamber forms a substantially circular cross-sectional shape.

The coupling half 9 is located in the floating element (and the half 10 in the driven element. The annular cavity or chamber 11, 12 is filled with oil and as described in the folklore there are devices for pressing oil into the rotating half in the drive). the annular cavity or loam 11, 12 in order to compensate for any centrifugal force retains the oil in the annular chamber and by the action of the ram series paddles 13 on the oil mass in the chamber a torque is produced between the ram halves 9 and 10, so that - the driven half 10 is made to rotate with the driving half 9. As the motor accelerates, the speed of the driven half is gradually increased until it rotates at almost the same speed as the driving half 9, i.e. with only slight slimming in the roller.

In the present device, the driving half 9 is bolted directly to the common drum 3, while the driven half 10 is fixed directly to the ring 6. The driving half is fixed by bolts to its outer periphery within the right Linde of the drum. The driving half 10 is enclosed by the common trainman 8 and is located slightly to the Amster Gm the driving half and is attached to its left surface by the ring 6.

The rotatable unit composed of the driven half 10 and the ring 6 is mounted so that it can move somewhat axially relative to the common drum 3 and the driving half 9. The edge of the driven half 10 on the left surface immediately adjacent to its outer periphery (is water) directly to the inside of the common drum, while the latter is formed with a corresponding, annular shoulder, which is directed at the hook. Between the edge and the shoulder is arranged a friction ring 16, A ring for retaining the oil in the annular chamber. A ring for a period of 16 years, for example fixed to the shoulder of the drum 3. Normally there is no pressure between the friction ring, gen 16, and the left surface of the driven half. the common drum, and thus the driving half 9 rotates, the oil is, however, pressed into the annular chamber 11, 12, between the ram halves,, and the oil pressure due to the rotation is thereby pressed, driven half 10 to vinters in porch nde to it, driving half 9, whereby a pressure u.stakes man it. driven left half surface and friction ring 16, so that sealing is provided for the annular cam. Due to the friction, a torque will be transmitted by friction, the ring directly from the common drum 3 to the driven half 10 and the dam ring 6. When the drum 3 reaches a certain speed, it is thus directly transferred from the harness. to the ring 6, which bypasses the hydraulic coupling ring 8, so that the hydraulic slip, is eliminated.

It ma. in this connection, it is said, that the oil life is inside the drum 3 itself. This is under the influence of a centrifugal force, which exerts a pressure on it. , driven half 10, said that this strains to move, himself to hoger. For reasons, corn will be explained in the following, however, the centrifugal force from the oil in the annular chamber 11, 12 of the coupling 8 will always be greater than lu-evening from the oil in the drum 3, for which a resultant force is obtained, corn presses the driven half 10 to left, s, as previously mentioned.

When the engine starts and accelerates, the driving half 9 of the clutch 8 is started and accelerated, the driven half 10 accelerating slowly and evenly due to the action of the hydraulic clutch 8. At the same time a gradually increasing torque is transmitted, measured by the friction ring 16, and at a given point, the corn depends on the speed, and the overdrive torque, omentet, a substantially rigid power transmission is obtained from the drum to the first speed, the gear unit, regardless of the hydraulic coupling 8 as such. The power transmission will now go directly from the motor to the ring 6 as well as from the Ire units in series to the output shaft 5, each unit acting with a slightly lower speed ratio, e.

As decreasing torque, ent and rising speeds require a tightly higher speed ratio, the friction shoes 17a of the first unit are brought into abutment against the common drum 3, whereby the drum Overt-Or forces directly to the second, the unit driving drive means.

The hydraulic coupling 81, as well as the coupling formed by the friction ring 16, are now belted in color. The device works both when the speed ratio increases up to, direct operation, and then, it decreases, whereby power transmission, always takes it, the hydraulic clutch 8 as such and the clutch with friction ring, gen 16 or ram, at, the lowest speed ratio . it, i.e. , da. all three 'units work aned sin-a lager h, astighetsforhallanden.

The drum 3 forms a hydraulically taken housing. The output power plate 7 of the third unit is connected to the output shaft 5 across a plate 18, which through a gear coupling, g 19 dr, s, is amananally coupled to the plate 7 and has a sleeve-like, spirit nay 20, which surrounds it. output shaft 5 and fixedly connected thereto. The right part of the N-hub 20 rotates during take-off at 20a in a recess in the left-hand side of the fixed sleeve 21, while the left-hand end wall 22 of the drum 3 rotates during take-off at 2Gb towards the left-hand end of the hub 20. Drum, aris 3 right, end wall 23, folded firmly into the drum on the outside of the coupling half 9 with sauna bolts 15 s, if, this, rotates during tapping on the fixed sleeve 21. The small part of the drum 3 to the right of the drive , the coupling half 9 is connected to the head of the drum, e1 to the Amster about the driven coupling half through the channel 24 in the vg-g of the drum. DA the drum 3 stands still, drains, the trapped oil down to the bottom of the drum, and when the drum begins to rotate, the oil is thrown out by the centrifugal force and forms a ring around the inside of the drum. A fixed, helical shell 25 is arranged - part of the narrow filling space between the, driving, e coupling half 9 ° eh drum, ns right end wall, g 23. The outer end of the shell 25, paired into the rotating, oil ring, and its inner spirit Sr is arranged on and communicates with a channel 26 in a fixed, annular block 27, co-arranged on the fixed sleeve.

The, periphery, the inner, periphery of the coupling half 9 surrounds this annular block 27, and a final electric annular space 28 is formed around the block, and between, this and the coupling, the inside of the half. The channel 26 i: the fixed block 27 leads to this closed, annular space 28.

Two diametrically opposite members can, or 29, lead the raclient outwardly of the closed, annular space 28. Each of the conduits is drawn through the cradle of the driving coupling half 9 and then inside the corresponding vane 13 therein to one. point n, i.e. the outer boundary -of the annular chamber in the hydraulic coupling, gen. At this point 30, the channel 29 is a-flanked horizontally to the left and thus opens into the annular chamber at the edge of the vane 13. As the drum 3 begins to rotate and the oil ring Midas around the inside of it, your oil from this ring will pass through, the shell tube, and the channel 26 in the fixed, annular block 27 to the annular space 28.

When the driving coupling half 9 rotates, the oil in the annular space 28 rotates under the influence of the centrifugal force outwardly through the ram diametrically opposite channels to the annular chamber 11 of the hydraulic coupling 8. 12. The oil continues to flow out into this chamber to replace the leaching effluent, until the chamber Sr is substantially completely filled.

Due to the fact that the shell 25 reduces the amount of oil in the drum 3, the centrifugal pressure in the annular core 11, 12 in the coupling becomes stiffer than the centrifugal pressure in the drum, so that the driven coupling half 10 is pressed to the left and brought to abut against the friction ring 16.

Lubricating oil is supplied to the gear units from a light cold, 1. ex. an oil sump, by means of, for example, a gear pump, to a channel 31 in a fixed, annular block 32. This channel 31 extends radially in to an annular clearance between the inside of the block 32 and the outside of a ring 33, which is arranged on the surface of the shaft 5. A number of channels 34 extend radially through the ring 33 and the shaft 5 and open into an axial channel 35 in the shaft. From this conduit radial channels 36 extend outwardly to an annular annular space 37 between the shaft 5 and the surrounding sleeve 21. From the annular space 37 radial channels 38 extend outwardly through the sleeve 21 to the interior of the drum 3. These radial channels 38 are arranged in three series, which stand opposite the three gear units. One. overflow back to the sump is facilitated through the annular space 28, radial channels 39 in the fixed sleeve 21 and a second, annular clearance 40 between the shaft 5 and the sleeve 21 and from there around the spirit of the sleeve 21 to the inside of the annular block 31 and through radial hales 411 this to a chamber 42 inside the block and finally through radial. bal 43 in the .block back to the swamp.

A longitudinal slot 54 'Sr arranged in the outside, ay it. the fixed sleeve 21. At the right end it has a slot 54 through lines 55 and 56 and the roller bearing 48 in communication with the chamber 42. At the left end the slot stands in connection with the main part of the drum, which contains the gear units. Since the chamber 42 is under atmospheric pressure, the main part of the drum is also affected by atmospheric pressure. The passage from the main body of the drum to the chamber 42 goes M.N. the hydraulic coupling and Sr aysta.ngd from. , the annular space 28 through the sealing ring 53.

Sealing rings 44 'are arranged between the annular block 32 and the ring 33 to bind leaching of oil which passes through the Iran channel 31 to the channels 34. A sealing ring 45 Sr Sven arranged may prevent connection between the ram annular spaces 37 and 40.

As the gear rotates, oil thus flows through the channels 31, 34,, and 36 to the annular gap 37 and from the delta through the channels 38 to the interior of the drum and through the three gear units to the periphery of the drum. The oil then flows through the channels 24, the scaler 25, the channel 26, the chamber 28 and the channels 29 into the hydraulic coupling 8. When this is full, oil flows from the chamber 28 through the channel 39, the annular gap 40, the channels 41, the chamber. 42 and the channels 43 back to the sump.

The drum 3 is enclosed in a fixed outer casing 46. The fixed, annular block 32 'is fixed in the delta casing and the fixed sleeve 31 is fixed on the inside of the block. The fixed, annular block 27 is attached to the sleeve 21 attached to the block 32.

The right vent wall 23 of the drum is secured to an annular member 47 which projects into the chamber 42 of the block 32. The roller bearings 48 between the annular member 47 and the fixed housing 46 form layers for this spirit of the drum. A gasket 49 between the element 47 and the outside of the fixed sleeve 21 prevents leaching from the drum at this spirit.

The coupling half 10 of the hydraulic coupling 8 rotates on roller bearings 50 in relation to the coupling half 9. This carried an annular plate 51, the inner edge of which abuts the block 27 by means of a gasket 52. The annular rotating extension of the coupling half 10 abuts the block 27 by the sealing ring 53 The above-mentioned annular space 28 Sr, thus effectively tatat.

The friction ring 16 Sven forms a liquid seal which prevents varnishing from the annular chambers 11, 12 of the hydraulic coupling. This gasket becomes more efficient during operation due to the pressure of the driven coupling half 10 against the friction ring.

Claims (7)

Patent claim: Hydraulic coupling with driving and driven, coaxial face-to-face rotatable coupling elements (9, respectively 10) with in these face surfaces, concentric, annular, with shells (11, and 12) provided with intermediate jaws or vanes (13), which together form an annular cavity for a coupling fluid, said element (9, 10), under the influence of Rat centrifugal pressure of the fluid in the hair chamber at increased speed, being aarforhara in, axial joint and thereby becoming interconnectable by means of a mechanical coupling (16), and devices, drawn to allow the liquid to paint from the cavity to a rotating chamber (3) with a mass of liquid which in the latter chamber forms a centrifugal pressure, which counteracts the ice experience of the elements, characterized in that a shell (25) or Sr is arranged to continuously danger the liquid in the rotating chamber (3) ra: dielt inat to a room (28), from which vats- - - can under the influence of centrifugal force flow into the said ring farm. ga halrum (11, 12), i andamal aft centrifugadpresset i kammaren skald hallas smaller an i halrummet,! och att, elementen (9, 10) skola isarforas I axiell led far inbordes interconnection ntedelst den mechanical coupling (16) yid Rat speed. 2. Hydraulic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the space (28) consists of a closed, annular passage which is concentric with the axis of the coupling. 3. Hydraulic coupling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more grooves or channels (29) are arranged in the goods to one or more parts of the driving element (9)! SHOOTS (13) for guiding the water from the room (28) into the hall space (11, 12). Hydraulic coupling according to patent claim 3, characterized in that channels (31, 34-38) are arranged to carry the liquid from an external cold into the rotating chamber (3). Hydraulic coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that channels (39-43) arc arranged to feed leaching excess of the liquid back from the room (28) to the outer cold. Hydraulic coupling according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the coupling surfaces of the mechanical coupling (16) are arranged to close the annular cavity (11, 12) in the coupling position by means of the driving and driven elements (9, 10) and , to prevent further leakage from the delta hall space to the chamber (3). Request Publications: Patent Application for Iran Sweden 140,863; France 896 584; Switzerland 136,994; Germany 589869; U. S. A. 2 130 895- Stockholm 1961. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Saner. 610089 46/6/0 24 2 4 .4 Tr- 206 thi .. "lq • r456 II II„ 1.4-2g §t I-I, 1: 28 1 = 111 I11111, 3 E MAIlla 7.. ".. w.lw, 32 43 22 - IRI1.411 pi = N. figIbik, _ NEW 1t ;; II. • gMtr r 07 \ AT4iiwil1, tj, firAllirl --A4-smile.,., , 411.4,7 ,,, 30 • "„ mill 2. 7, ---. N. N., 'Jo 1 liso ■ 42 141lil..i1411Itt- IMR- ■' '' Fi-; ' •,, b. - • ■ • ■■ • ■■■ • 134-. 6.I AL'aiftiNinii .., .., $ 43tsvArewrodik.A11P ,, • me --12L '- I ° LIFK; AffitaiilrhVill LiallAblingriainniSIIMIllailig, PIN pAIlyvar r ArtaillLwl, // / 3 23 44 33 34 20a 39 39 3 2/38 53 3645 3954 26 27 40 49 S .55 56