SE128866C1 - - Google Patents
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- SE128866C1 SE128866C1 SE128866DA SE128866C1 SE 128866 C1 SE128866 C1 SE 128866C1 SE 128866D A SE128866D A SE 128866DA SE 128866 C1 SE128866 C1 SE 128866C1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00038—Production of contact lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00413—Production of simple or compound lenses made by moulding between two mould parts which are not in direct contact with one another, e.g. comprising a seal between or on the edges
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
KLASS 39 a:19/0 BESKRIVNING OFFENTLIGG3ORD AV KUNGL. PATENT. OCH REGISTRERINGSVERKET BEVIDAT DEN 4 MA) 1950 PATENTTID FRANC DEN 26 APRIL 1947 PUBLICERAT DEN 25 3ULI 19 Ans. den1947, nr 1110911947. Heirtill en ritning. CLASS 39 a: 19/0 DESCRIPTION PUBLIC WORD BY KUNGL. PATENT. AND THE REGISTRATION WORK PROVIDED ON 4 MAY) 1950 PATENT PERIOD FRAN 26 APRIL 1947 PUBLISHED 25 JULY 19 Ans. den1947, no. 1110911947. Here is a drawing.
J. M. ANDERSON, HOVE OCR R. P. LARK, BRIGHTON, STORBRITANNIEN. Apparat for formning fran plastmaterial av oftalmiska kontaktlinser. J. M. ANDERSON, HOVE OCR R. P. LARK, BRIGHTON, UNITED KINGDOM. Apparatus for forming from plastic material of ophthalmic contact lenses.
Prioritet begtird frda den 26 april 1946 (Storbritannien). Priority given to April 26, 1946 (Great Britain).
Foreliggande uppfinning har till foremal en ny och fkbattrad anordning for formning av oftalmiska kontaktlinser av plastmaterial. The present invention relates to a new and improved device for forming ophthalmic contact lenses of plastic material.
En oftalmisk kontaktlins är avsedd att anbringas direkt pa den framre ytan ay ogon- globen under ogonlocken med sina kantpar- tier innanfor de av bindhinnan bildade vecken. En dylik lins omfattar en hornhinnedel eller optisk del, vilken, nar linsen Or anbragt pa sin plats a ogongloben, ligger framfor ogats hornhinna, och en senhinnedel eller haptisk del, vilken omgiver hornhinnedelen eller den optiska delen samt motsvarar senhinnedelen av ogongloben och ligger Over denna, nar linsen Oi anbragt pa sin plats. Kontaktlinsen har vanligen sammansatta sfariska inre eller bakre och yttre eller framre ytor, varvid de bakre och framre ytorna air linsens hornhinnedel vanligen utgoras av sfariska kalotter och de bakre och framre ytorna av linsens senhinnedel vanligen utgoras air ringsegment av sfariska ytor. An ophthalmic contact lens is intended to be applied directly to the anterior surface of the eyeball under the eyelids with its edge portions within the folds formed by the conjunctiva. Such a lens comprises a corneal part or optical part which, when the lens Or is placed in place on the eyeball, lies in front of the cornea of the eye, and a tendon part or haptic part, which surrounds the corneal part or the optical part and corresponds to the tendon part of the eyeball and lies above it. , when the lens Oi placed in its place. The contact lens usually has composite spherical inner or rear and outer or front surfaces, the posterior and anterior surfaces of the corneal portion of the air lens usually being spherical capillaries and the posterior and anterior surfaces of the tendon portion of the lens usually forming air ring segments of spherical surfaces.
Linsens hornhinnedel ãr utf8rd I ett stycke med linsens senhinnedel och vanligen anordnad centralt eller koncentriskt i forhallande till denna senare, churn i vissa fall en nagot excentrisk anordning av hornhinnedelen i forhallande till senhinnedelen air linsen kan erfordras. Linsens hire diameter i det plan, dar hornhinnedelens omkrets moter bindhinnedelen, benamnes den optiska oppningen och mates sa, som om de inre ytorna air linsens hornhinne- och senhinnedelar mottes i ett skarpt definierat horn, som avgransas av en skarpt cirkelformig linje, medan i praktiken det sharpa hornet ersattes av en forbindelsezon, vilken Or avrundad och tangentiell i forhallande till linsens senhinnedel just for att undvika, att ett skarpt horn bildas, vilket skulle kunna skada Ogongloben. The corneal portion of the lens is integral with the tendon portion of the lens and is usually arranged centrally or concentrically in relation to the latter, in some cases a somewhat eccentric arrangement of the corneal portion in relation to the tendon portion may be required. The hire diameter of the lens in the plane where the circumference of the corneal portion meets the conjunctival portion is called the optical aperture and is fed as if the inner surfaces of the corneal and tendon portions of the lens were received in a sharply defined horn bounded by a sharply circular line. the sharp horn is replaced by a connecting zone, which Or is rounded and tangential in relation to the tendon part of the lens precisely to avoid the formation of a sharp horn, which could damage the Ogong globe.
Linsens hornhinnedel Or den del, som astadkommer den optiska korrektionen, och dess bakre yta Or vanligen sa krokt, att den krOker sig nagot bort Iran den framre ytan av ogats hornhinna, och krokningen hos de framre och bakre ytorna air linsens hornhinnedel aro vidare sa valda, att onskad optisk korrektion erhalles, nar linsen Or anbragt sin plats pa ogat. Linsens senhinnedel foIjer daremot lampligen noggrant Ogonglobens sen- hinnedel. I vissa fall, nar patientens fysiologi sa fordrar, kan emellertid den bakre ytan av linsens hornhinnedel passa noggrant till Ogonaloben, medan i andra fall linsen kan lost passa till ogonglobens senhinna. Krokningen hos den framre ytan air linsens hornhinnedel skiljer sig vanligen nagot Iran krokningen hos den bakre ytan av denim del av linsen, sO att linsen smaningom minskar i tjocklek mot omkretsen, dar kanten lampligen Or avrundad. Krokningsradien hos de framre och bak- re ytorna av linsens hornhinnedel komma att i det foljande benamnas »den framre hornhinneradien» och »den bakre hornhinnera- dien», medan motsvarande krokningsradier hos linsens senhinnedel komma att benamnas »den framre senhinneradien» och »den bakre senhinneradien». The corneal portion of the lens Or the portion which provides the optical correction and its posterior surface Or is usually so crooked that it curves slightly away from the anterior surface of the cornea of the eye, and the curvature of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the corneal portion of the lens is further selected , that the desired optical correction is obtained when the lens Or placed its place on the eye. The retinal portion of the lens, on the other hand, closely follows the retinal portion of the Ogong globe. In some cases, however, when the patient's physiology so requires, the posterior surface of the corneal portion of the lens may fit snugly to the ogonal lobe, while in other cases the lens may loosely fit the retina of the ogonglobe. The curvature of the corneal portion of the anterior surface of the lens usually differs slightly from the curvature of the posterior surface of the denim portion of the lens, so that the lens gradually decreases in thickness toward the circumference, where the edge is suitably rounded. The radius of curvature of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the corneal corneal portion will hereinafter be referred to as "the anterior corneal radius" and "the posterior corneal radius", while the corresponding curvature radii of the late corneal portion of the lens will be referred to as "the anterior corneal radius" and "the posterior senhinneradien ».
Den ovan anyanda benamningen »plastmamaterial» Or avsedd aft tacka alla formbara genomskinliga material, sarskilt termoplastis- ka konsthartser, som aro lampliga for optiska andamal. Bland de termoplastiska hartser av delta slag, som redan allmant anyandas fOr optiska andamal, markas de som Oro framstallda av akryl- och styrenhartser, exempel- vis polymetylmetakrylat och polystyren, vilka bada aro i hog grad genomskinliga. Bland de material, som Oro sarskilt lampliga for kon- taktlinser i enlighet med foreliggande uppfinning, markas de material, som saljas av Imperial Chemical Industries (Plastics) Ltd. under det registrerade varumarket »Transpex» och som beskrives i den av delta bolag utgivna publikationen »Technical Bulletin», No. 7, december 1943. The above-mentioned term "plastic material" is intended to thank all malleable transparent materials, especially thermoplastic synthetic resins, which are suitable for optical purposes. Among the thermoplastic resins of the delta type, which are already widely used for optical purposes, they are marked as Oro made of acrylic and styrene resins, for example polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene, both of which are highly transparent. Among the materials which are particularly suitable for contact lenses in accordance with the present invention are the materials sold by Imperial Chemical Industries (Plastics) Ltd. under the registered trademark «Transpex» and which is described in the publication «Technical Bulletin» published by participating companies, No. December 7, 1943
En av dylikt konstharts utford lins kan eventuellt forses med en hard ythinna for att Oka linsens motstandsformaga mot repning. SO kan exempelvis en repningssaker hinna air kiseldioxid e. d. anbringas ph ytan ay en line av polymetylmetakrylat. One of such synthetic resin challenge lenses may optionally be provided with a hard surface film to increase the scratch resistance of the lens. SO, for example, a scratching material can have time to apply silica or the surface to a line of polymethyl methacrylate.
Kontaktlinser hava redan tidigare utforts av plastmaterial, men det har darvid joke va- 2— rit mojligt att framstfilla en fardig lins i en enda forinningsoperation under anvandning av vanliga formar. En av de metoder, som tidigare anvants for att forma kontaktlinser, bestar i korthet dari, att man framstaller en matris av Ogat ph vilket linsen skall anbringas, exempelvis med tillhjalp av saclan avtrycksmassa, som anyandes av tandlakare, framstaller en avgjutning eller transpos av denna matris, och darefter frail avgjutningen eller transposen pressar ett plastamne (under tillforsel av varme fore eller under pressningsoperationen), som korrekt bildar linsens senhinnedel och approximativt bildar linsens hornhinnedel, och efterat slipar och polerar denna senare del av linsen pa vanligt satt, sa att den erhaller den tinskade korrekta optiska formen. Salunda kraver varje lins en langyarig individuell hehandling, i stort sett pa samma satt som glaslinser. Contact lenses have previously been made of plastic material, but it has been jokingly possible to produce a finished lens in a single blending operation using ordinary molds. One of the methods previously used to form contact lenses is, in short, to produce a matrix of Ogat ph to which the lens is to be applied, for example with the aid of saclan impression mass, which anyandes by dentists, produces a cast or transpose of this matrix, and then frail the cast or transpose presses a plastic blank (during the supply of heat before or during the pressing operation), which correctly forms the retinal portion of the lens and approximately forms the corneal portion of the lens, and afterwards grinds and polishes this latter part of the lens in the usual manner. retains the tinned correct optical shape. Thus, each lens requires a long-lasting individual treatment, in much the same way as glass lenses.
En annan tidigare tillampad metod for framstallning av kontaktlinser bestar dari, att man lagger upp lager av kontaktlinsamnen av standardformat med olika bakre senhinneradier och olika optiska oppningar och med icke fardigarbetade hornhinnedelar, utvaljer lampliga linsamnen i enlighet med ogonlakarens anvisningar f5r olika patienter samt giver de utvalda linsamnena raft passform gentemot senhinnan, rfitt optisk oppning och en sadan utformning av hornhinnedelen, att den for dessa patienter erforderliga optiska korrektionen erhalles. Tillverkaren utvaljer alltsa lampligt linsamne saint slipar och polerar linsens hornhinnedel, varvid varje lins maste underkastas en sarskild slipnings- och poleringsoperation bade pa insidan och utsidan i enlighet med vanlig optisk teknik. Another previously applied method for manufacturing contact lenses is to lay up layers of contact lenses of standard format with different posterior tendon radii and different optical apertures and with unfinished corneal parts, select suitable lens lenses in accordance with the eye doctor's instructions for different patients and give the selected The luminescent raft fit to the retina, rfitt optical aperture and such a design of the corneal portion, that the optical correction required for these patients is obtained. The manufacturer therefore selectively selects the lens to grind and polish the corneal portion of the lens, each lens having to undergo a special grinding and polishing operation on both the inside and outside in accordance with standard optical technology.
Ett uncial-nal med f5religgande uppfinning ãr aft Ora det mojligt att forma atminstone den storre delen av plastkontaktlinsen i en enda formningsoperation, bade vad avser senhinnedelen och hornhinnedelen. Ett annat findamal med uppfinningen fir att eliminera eller reducera behovet av slipning och att eliminera eller reducera behovet av sfirskilda ffirdigbearbetningsoperationer efter formningen. An uncial with the present invention makes it possible to shape at least the larger part of the plastic contact lens in a single forming operation, both with respect to the tendon part and the corneal part. Another object of the invention is to eliminate or reduce the need for grinding and to eliminate or reduce the need for separate finishing operations after molding.
Enligt uppfinningen har astadkommits en apparat for formning fran plastmaterial av of- talmiska kontaktlinser, motsvarande olika fordringar med avseende pit hornhinnedelen och/eller senhinnedelen, vilken apparat om- fattar en form med ett par koaxiella formhal- vor, vilkas mot varandra vanda formningsytor tjana till att forma de framre och bakre ytor- na hos linsen i det plastmaterial, som infores mellan formhalvorna, varvid var oeh en av dessa ãr sammansatt av en hornhinneformdel och en denna omgivande senhinneformdel, och varvid hada dessa formdelar aro utbytbarn mot andra formdelar med olika form ph formningsytan, sit att varje sammansatt formhalva kan var for sig hopbyggas till onskad form genom att frail en serie utbytbara hornhinne- och senhinneformdelar utvalja formdelar, som hava den form hos formrtingsytan, vilken motsvarar de oftalmiska fordringarna hos den speciella kontaktlins, som skall framstallas i apparaten. According to the invention there is provided an apparatus for molding plastic material of ophthalmic contact lenses, corresponding to various requirements with respect to the pit corneal portion and / or the tendon portion, which apparatus comprises a mold having a pair of coaxial mold halves forming the front and rear surfaces of the lens in the plastic material which is inserted between the mold halves, each of which is composed of a corneal mold part and a surrounding retinal mold part, and wherein these mold parts are interchangeable with other mold parts of different shapes ph forming surface, that each composite half of the mold can be individually assembled into the desired shape by selecting from a series of replaceable corneal and retinal mold parts mold parts which have the shape of the molding surface which corresponds to the ophthalmic requirements of the particular contact lens to be produced in devices.
Med apparaten enligt uppfinningen är det mojligt att ekonomiskt framstalla kontaktlinser genom att forma dem fran plastmaterial, i det att det an mojligt att fran en pa forhand bestamd serie av utbytbara formdelar utvalja dem, som behovas for att giva den onskade kombinationen av bindhinneradie, hornhinneradie och optisk Oppning, vilka samtliga dimensioner kunna variera avsevart hos olika personers ogon. With the apparatus according to the invention it is possible to economically produce contact lenses by forming them from plastic material, in that it is possible to select from a predetermined series of replaceable molded parts those which are needed to give the desired combination of conjunctival radius, corneal radius and optical aperture, which all dimensions can vary considerably in different people's eyes.
Salunda fir det exempelvis dit det galler tillverkning av Inner med viss optisk oppning lampligt att ha tillgang till en serie out tolv framre bindhinneformdelar och fern framre hornhinneformdelar saint en liknande serie av bakre senhinne- och hornhinneformdelar. Med en dylik sats formdelar ar det mojligt att sammansatta CO olika formar for en lamp-hg standardserie om sextio kontaktlinser. Nar man onskar forma linser med olika ljushrytningsformaga under anvandning av kombinationer av de fern framre och de fern bakre hornhinneformdelarna, ar det vidare tydligt, att man darmed kan framstiilla ytterligare 240 mojliga linser. Vid hopsattning av formdelarna for framstallning av en dylik serie linser, maste man utvalja framre och bakre senhinneformdelar med olika radier, vilka i kombination med de speciella hornhinneformdelar, som anvandas for en lins med bestaind hrytningsformaga, giva en formad lins, i vilken den del av linsens senhinnedel, som Over-gar i linsens hornhinnedel, har i huvudsak samma tjocklek som denna senare vid Overgangsstallet, medan tjockleken av senhinnedelen avtager mot dennas omkrets. For example, where the manufacture of Inner with a certain optical aperture is suitable, it is convenient to have access to a series of twelve anterior conjunctiform parts and four anterior corneal shaped parts and a similar series of posterior late corneal and corneal shaped parts. With such a set of molds, it is possible to compose CO different molds for a lamp-high standard series of sixty contact lenses. When it is desired to form lenses with different light-shaping shapes using combinations of the four front and the four rear corneal mold parts, it is further clear that it is thus possible to produce an additional 240 possible lenses. When assembling the mold parts for the production of such a series of lenses, one must select front and rear tendon mold parts with different radii, which in combination with the special corneal mold parts used for a lens with a fixed shear shape, give a shaped lens in which the part of the retinal portion of the lens, which extends into the corneal portion of the lens, has substantially the same thickness as the latter at the transition stall, while the thickness of the retinal portion decreases with its circumference.
For varje ytterligare framre hornhinnedel erhallas ytterligare sextio mOjliga Jinskombinationer med de ovan namnda fern bakre hornhinneformdelarna och de tolv satserna av senhinneformdelar. For each additional anterior corneal portion, another sixty possible Jin combinations are obtained with the above-mentioned four posterior corneal mold parts and the twelve sets of late corneal parts.
I vissa fall kan erforderlig anpassning av tjockleken hos linsens hornhinnedel till dess senhinnedel vid foreningsstallet mellan dessa delar erhallas genom att anvanda en framre hornhinneformdel, som astadkommer en hornhinna med olika optisk oppning, och en framre senhinneformd.el, vilken passar till denna hornhinneformdel. I dessa speciella fall kunna formar med olika optisk oppning, som erfordras for anpassning till olika former hos ogat, att sasom senare skall beskrivasf ut- bytas mot satser med olika optisk oppning for att det onskade resultatet skall erhallas. Det inses utan vidare, att om den framtida ut- vecklingen med avseende pa anpassningstekniken skulle fordra annu storre och finare variationer med avseende ph dimensionerna an — —3 for narvarande, komma fordelarna med att anvanda utbytbara formar att bliva annu mera framtradande. In some cases, the required adjustment of the thickness of the corneal portion of the lens to its tendon portion at the junction between these parts can be obtained by using a front corneal mold part which provides a cornea with different optical aperture and a front corneal mold part which fits this corneal mold part. In these special cases, molds with different optical aperture, which are required for adaptation to different shapes of the eye, can, as will be described later, be exchanged for kits with different optical aperture in order to obtain the desired result. It will be readily appreciated that if future developments in adaptation technology were to require even greater and finer variations with respect to pH dimensions at present, the benefits of using interchangeable molds would become even more pronounced.
Linsen kan formas mellan paret av formhalvor antingen genom pressformning eller genom sprutgjutning. Om pressformning är den metod, som anvdndes, infores plastmaterialet, vilket exempelvis kan utgoras av ett plastamne med erforderliga dimensioner, mellan de framre och bakre formhalvorna, medan dessa dro appna, varefter formhalvorna slutas i axiell led, varvid amnet erhaller sin slutliga form. Amnet kan inforas i fornaningsapparaten i kallt tillstand, varvid formhalvorna och amnet efterat upphettas till lamplig flytningstemperatur hos plastmaterialet, sa att detta blir formbart, eller ocksa kunna for-mama och anmet forvarmas, innan amnet in-fares mellan formhalvorna, varvid formningen kan utforas kort efter det att amnet place-rats i formen. Om linserna skola utforas genom sprutgjutning traffas anstalter fOr att i lampligt tillstand tillfora plastmaterialet till formningsrummet mellan de Iva formhalvorna. The lens can be formed between the pair of mold halves either by compression molding or by injection molding. If press molding is the method used, the plastic material, which can be, for example, a plastic blank with the required dimensions, is inserted between the front and rear mold halves, while these are drawn, after which the mold halves are closed in axial direction, whereby the blank receives its final shape. The blank can be introduced into the forming apparatus in a cold state, whereby the mold halves and the blank are subsequently heated to a suitable flow temperature of the plastic material, so that it becomes moldable, or the mold can be preheated before the blank is inserted between the mold halves, whereby the molding can be performed briefly. after the substance has been placed in the mold. If the lenses are to be made by injection molding, arrangements are made to supply the plastic material to the molding space between the eleven mold halves in a suitable condition.
Sasom redan framhallits am det icke lampligt att Jima ett skarpt horn vid de stalk'', dar ytorna av linsens hornhinne- och senhinnedelar matas, ()eh for att astadkomma en avrundning eller annan lamplig utformning av linsen vid dessa stallen kan en utbytbar ringformig formdel anordnas i den ena eller I hada formhalvorna mellan hornhinneformdelen och senhinneformdelen, varvid denna mellanformdel har sin formningsyta sa utbildad, att en avrundad eller pa annat lampligt satt formad ringzon bildas vid overgangen mellan kontaktlinsens hornhinne- och senhinnedelar. Genom att gra den eller de namnda mellanformdelarna utbytbara Or det mojligt att taga hansyn till de variationer, som forekomma i olika linser med avseende pa det axiella forhallandet mellan linsens hornhinneoch senhinnedelar, och med avseende pa linsernas optiska oppningar. Dessa mellanformdelar kunna aven tjana sasom ringformiga mellanlagg, som kommer att narmare beskrivas i det foljande. As already pointed out, it is not feasible to place a sharp horn at the stalks where the surfaces of the corneal and tendon portions of the lens are fed, () to provide a rounded or other lamp-shaped design at these stalls, a replaceable annular molded part may be provided. is arranged in one or more of the mold halves between the corneal mold part and the retinal mold part, this intermediate mold part having its molding surface so shaped that a rounded or otherwise suitably shaped ring zone is formed at the transition between the corneal and tendon parts of the contact lens. By making the intermediate shape (s) mentioned interchangeable, it is possible to take into account the variations which occur in different lenses with respect to the axial relationship between the corneal and tendon portions of the lens, and with respect to the optical apertures of the lenses. These intermediate mold parts can also serve as annular intermediate layers, which will be described in more detail in the following.
Enligt ett ytterligare kannetecken pa uppfinningen kunna de namnda hornhinneform- delarna utforas i form av cylindriska, nog- grant arbetade tappar, vardera forsedd med en noggrant arbetad formningsyta vid ena linden, pa vilka tappar senhinneformdelarna och mellanformdelarna, um sadana finnas, aro anordnade att noggrant och losbart passa, varvid saval senhinneformdelen som mellanformdelen ar ringformig och hada formdelarna hava en andyta, som bildar en noggrant arbetad formningsyta. Senhinne- formdelarna passa noggrant kring tapparna eller kring mellanformdelarna, om sadana finnas. I detta senare fall passa mellanformdelarna noggrant pa hornhinneforindelarna. According to a further feature of the invention, the said corneal mold parts can be made in the form of cylindrical, carefully worked pins, each provided with a carefully worked forming surface at one linden, on which pins the late skin mold parts and the intermediate mold parts, if any, are arranged to be carefully and releasably fit, wherein both the retinal mold part and the intermediate mold part are annular and the mold parts have a face surface which forms a carefully worked forming surface. The retinal mold parts fit snugly around the pins or around the intermediate mold parts, if any. In this latter case, the intermediate mold parts fit snugly on the corneal front parts.
De namnda, hornhinneformdelarna bildande tapparna uppbaras av formblock, och me- del finnas for att noggrant installa dessa formblock i forhallande till varandra, sa att hornhinneformdelarna hos de framre och bakre formhalvorna komma att ligga koaxiellt med varandra. The said pins forming the corneal mold parts are supported by mold blocks, and means are provided for accurately aligning these mold blocks in relation to each other, so that the corneal mold parts of the front and rear mold halves come to lie coaxially with each other.
De namnda formblocken erhalla olika ut formning, alltefter den metod, som an-vandei for framstallningen av linserna, exempelvis beroende pa om ett flertal linser skola samtidigt framstallas i en enda apparat i en och samma operation eller om en enda lins skall framstallas i varje operation. I det senare fallet kunna formblocken utgaras av noggrant arbetade cylindriska block med de ovan namnda tapparna utskjutande fran andarna koaxiellt med blocken, varvid blocken kunna styras av en hire cylindrisk noggrant arbetad vagg i en hylsa, som kan ha formen av en massiv hylsa, och i vilket alminstone ett av sagda block Or monterat, sO att det blir axiellt rorligt i forhallande till det andra blocket. I det forma fallet kan ett flertal dylika hylsor anbringas p.0 ena pressplattan vid en lamplig pressformmngs- eller sprutgjutningsmaskin. The said mold blocks receive different designs, depending on the method used for the production of the lenses, for example depending on whether a plurality of lenses are to be produced simultaneously in a single apparatus in one and the same operation or if a single lens is to be produced in each operation. . In the latter case, the mold blocks can be formed of carefully worked cylindrical blocks with the above-mentioned pins projecting from the spirits coaxially with the blocks, the blocks being guided by a hire cylindrically carefully worked cradle in a sleeve, which may be in the form of a solid sleeve, and in which at least one of said blocks Or is mounted, so that it becomes axially movable in relation to the other block. In the molded case, a plurality of such sleeves can be applied to one press plate of a suitable press-forming or injection molding machine.
Eventuellt kunna anordningar finnas for axiell justering av senhinne- och/eller mellanformdelarna i fOrhallande till de hornhinneformdelar, av vina de uppbaras. En sadan justering kan foretagas med hjalp av mellanlagg, medelst on skruv- .och mutteranordning eller ph annat lampligt satt. Possibly, devices may be provided for axial adjustment of the retinal and / or intermediate mold parts in relation to the corneal mold parts, of which they are supported. Such an adjustment can be made with the aid of intermediate layers, by means of a screw and nut device or other suitable means.
Vanligen tillverkas de olika utbybara formdelarna av rostfritt kronastal, ehuru de Oven karma utforas av annat lampligt material, sasom optiskt glas, varvid de delsfariska formningsytorna hos formdelarna underkastas en i optiskt avseende noggrann finbearbetning och polering. Fair att kunna taga hand om de relativt f0 fall, nar senhinnan hos ogat, som skall forses med en kontaktlins, joke liar formen av en delsfar och salunda fordrar en ovanligt formad senhinnedel has kontaktlinsen, kan senhinneformdelen utforas sasom en avgjutning eller transpos i nagot lampligt material, t. ex. avgjutningsmassa av plastmaterial ,eller metall, framstalld med tillhjalp av en matris, som tages Iran ogat, till vilket linsen skall passa, eller framstallas pa nagot annat lampligt salt, varvid donna speciella senhinneformdel anbringas p0 hornhinneformdelen eller tappen vid den bakre formhalvan och pa utsidan stades av hylsan. The various replaceable molded parts are usually made of stainless steel, although the Oven karma is made of another suitable material, such as optical glass, whereby the partially spherical molding surfaces of the molded parts are subjected to optically fine machining and polishing. Fair to be able to take care of the relatively few cases, when the retina of the eye, which is to be provided with a contact lens, jokes liar the shape of a subfloor and thus requires an unusually shaped tendon part has the contact lens, the retina mold part can be made as a cast or transpos material, e.g. molding compound of plastic material, or metal, made with the aid of a matrix taken from Iran, to which the lens is to be fitted, or made of any other suitable salt, this special retinal mold part being applied to the corneal mold part or the pin at the rear mold half and on the outside of the sleeve.
Uppfinningen skall nu narmare beskrivas med ledning av bifogade ritning, pa \liken fig. 1 Or en vertikalsektion av en manuellt betjanad formningsapparat for framstallning av en kontaktlins at gangen, fig. 2 am en tvar- sektion efter linjen 2-2 i fig 1 och fig. 3 Or en vertikal delsektion, som sehematiskt askadliggor uppfirmingen tillampad vid en hydrauliskt arbetande pressformningsmaskin. Den pa ritningen visade formningsappara- 1— — ten bestar av ett cylindriskt hus eller en hylsa 1 med noggrant- arbetad cylindrisk inre yta 2. I huset aro monterade formkroppar eller block 3 och 4, vilka passa i huset 1 med glidpassning. Vid sin inre ande al- Tart och ett av blocken 3 och 4 fOrsett med en koaxiellt anordnad, mat utskjutande tapp. Dessa tappar, som aro betecknade med 3a och 4a, aro anordnade att bilda en. hornhinneformdel i yar sin av apparatens formhalvor. Hornhinneformdelen 3a dr anordnad att bilda den framre lytan och hornhinneformdelen 4a den bakre ytan av linsens hornhinnedel, varvid andytorna 3b och 4b av dessa tvâ hornhinneformdelar aro pa motsvarande satt konkavt och konvext delsfariska samt noggrant slipade och polerade till onskade hornhinneradier. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a manually operated forming apparatus for manufacturing a contact lens at a time, Fig. 2 is a cross-section along the line 2-2 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 Or a vertical sub-section which seematically damages the invention applied to a hydraulically operating press-forming machine. The forming apparatus 1 shown in the drawing consists of a cylindrical housing or a sleeve 1 with a carefully worked cylindrical inner surface 2. In the housing are shaped bodies or blocks 3 and 4, which fit in the housing 1 with a sliding fit. At its inner spirit al- Tart and one of the blocks 3 and 4 provided with a coaxially arranged, food projecting pin. These pins, which are denoted by 3a and 4a, are arranged to form one. corneal mold part in yar sin of the appliance mold halves. The corneal mold part 3a is arranged to form the front surface and the corneal mold part 4a the rear surface of the corneal part of the lens, the end faces 3b and 4b of these two corneal mold parts being correspondingly concave and convexly partially spherical and carefully ground and polished to desired corneal radii.
Tapparna 3a och 4a aro cylindriska saint slipade eller pa annat satt noggrant formade vid omkretsen, sh att de kunna noggrant mottaga och koaxiellt placera senhinneformdelar 5 och 6, vilka vanligen monteras direkt ph tapparna men vilka aven, sasom visas pa ritningen, kunna monteras indirekt pa hornhinneformdelarna med mellanformdelar 18 och 13a inskjutna mellan hornhinne- och senhinneformdelarna. Senhinneformdelarna 5 och 6 aro ringformiga, och formdelen 5 har sin inre ande formad till en konkav delsfar i och for formning av kontaktlinsens framre hornhinneyta, medan formdelen 6 liar sin inre ande formad till en konvex delsfar for att forma den bakre ytan av kontaktlinsens hornhinnedel. The pins 3a and 4a are cylindrically saintly ground or otherwise precisely shaped at the circumference, so that they can accurately receive and coaxially place tendon mold parts 5 and 6, which are usually mounted directly on the pins but which also, as shown in the drawing, can be mounted indirectly on the corneal mold parts with intermediate mold parts 18 and 13a inserted between the corneal and tendon mold parts. The retinal mold parts 5 and 6 are annular, and the mold part 5 has its inner spirit formed into a concave sub-groove in order to form the front corneal surface of the contact lens, while the mold part 6 has its inner spirit formed into a convex sub-father to form the rear surface of the contact lens corneal part.
Senhinneformdelarna 5 och 6 bilda ett par av en serie liknande par med formningsytor av yarierande radie, yarvid mot varandra svarande formdelar av dessa par aro utbytbara ph de motsvarande hornhinneformdelarna, sa att ett stort antal kombinationer av olika hornhinne- och senhinneradier kunna erhallas. PA liknande salt finnas ett flertal olika hornhinneformdelar, vilka aro utbytbara i hylsan 1, och var och en av dessa hornhinneformdelar har en formningsyta 3b eller 4b med en radie, som nagot skiljer sig fran radien hos motsvarande ytor pa andra liknande formdelar. Pa delta salt okas ytterligare antalet mojliga kombinationer av hornhinneoch senhinneradier. The retinal mold parts 5 and 6 form a pair of a series of similar pairs with forming surfaces of varying radius, with corresponding mold parts of these pairs being interchangeable with the corresponding corneal mold parts, so that a large number of combinations of different corneal and tendon radii can be obtained. PA-like salt has a plurality of different corneal mold parts which are replaceable in the sleeve 1, and each of these corneal mold parts has a forming surface 3b or 4b with a radius which differs slightly from the radius of corresponding surfaces on other similar mold parts. On delta salt, the number of possible combinations of corneal and retinal radii is further increased.
For att man skall kunna taga hansyn till de variationer, som foreligga hos olika patienters ogon med avseende pa den optiska oppningen, ar det aven nadvandigt, att man har tillgang till hornhinneforindelar med olika diameter och till motsvarande bindhinneformd.elar saint eventuellt mellanformdelar. In order to be able to take into account the variations which exist in the eyes of different patients with regard to the optical aperture, it is also necessary to have access to corneal front parts with different diameters and to corresponding conjunctiform parts or any intermediate parts.
En cylindrisk mellanlaggsring 7 är anordnad kring senhinneformdelarnas yttre omkretsyta, sa att formhaligheten 8 slutes vid omkretsen, samtidigt som tuft tillates att avga fran denna halighet under sammanpressningen av det dari befintliga plastanmet. A cylindrical intermediate layer ring 7 is arranged around the outer circumferential surface of the retinal mold parts, so that the mold cavity 8 is closed at the circumference, at the same time as tuft is allowed to emit from this cavity during the compression of the existing plastic.
Mellanlaggsringen 7 kan aven tjana sasom ett stopp- eller distansstycke for att bestamma den stracka, som de framre och bakre formhalvorna kunna rora sig mot varandra, och darigenom bestamma den axiella dimensionen hos den framstallda linsen. Mellanlaggsringen kan eventuellt vara utbytbar mot en •eller flera andra liknande ringar med olika axiell langd, .och/eller ett flertal ringformiga mellanlagg kunna anvandas tiIlsammans med mellanlaggsringen f5r samma andamal. The intermediate layer ring 7 can also serve as a stop or spacer to determine the distance that the front and rear mold halves can move towards each other, and thereby determine the axial dimension of the projected lens. The interlayer ring may optionally be interchangeable with one or more other similar rings of different axial length, and / or a plurality of annular interlayers may be used in conjunction with the interlayer ring for the same purpose.
En tvartapp 9 Or ford diametralt genom huset 1 och formblocket 3 och laser dessa delar stadigt i forhallande till varandra. Formblocket 3 och huset 1 kunna emellertid, nar sa onskas, skiljas at genom att forst sla at tvartappen 9. Tvartappen 9 skjuter utanfar hada sidor av huset 1, och mot de utskjutande andarna anligga kompressionsfjadrar 10, 10, vilka aro monterade ph andpartierna av dragstanger 10a, som vid motsatta andar aro fastgjorda vid bryggstycken 11, vilka eentrait uppbara en justerbar presskruv eller nyckel 12, som Or anordnad att vid sin inre ande anligga mot den yttre anden av formbloeket 4, sa att formningstrycket kan Overforas till detta senare. A transverse pin 9 is driven diametrically through the housing 1 and the mold block 3 and lasers these parts firmly in relation to each other. However, the mold block 3 and the housing 1 can, when desired, be separated by first striking the cross pin 9. The cross pin 9 projects beyond the sides of the housing 1, and compression springs 10, 10 abut against the projecting spirits, which are mounted on the front portions of drawbars. 10a, which in opposite spirits are attached to bridge pieces 11, which are each supported by an adjustable press screw or key 12, which Or is arranged to abut in its inner spirit against the outer spirit of the forming block 4, so that the forming pressure can be transferred to the latter.
Utbytbara ringformiga mellanforindelar 13 och 13a kunna, sasom ovan beskrivits och sa.- som visats ph ritningen, inskjutas mellan senhinneformdelen oeh hornhinneformdelen vid varje formhalva. Dessa mellanformdelar ha lampligt formade inre andar, vilka bilda ringformiga formningsytor, som astadkomma en avrundad °eh/eller pa annat lampligt satt utbildad ringformig zon pa linsens baksida vid overgangen mellan hornhinne- och senhinneformdelarna och en pO. motsvarande satt framat buktad zon eller pa annat lampligt satt formad ringformig del pa linsens framre yta. I de fiesta fall erfordras icke nag-ma mellanformdelar, och bindhinneformdelarna passa dO. direkt pa hornhinneformdelarna, sasom ovan angivits. Interchangeable annular intermediate front parts 13 and 13a can, as described above and as shown in the drawing, be inserted between the retinal mold part and the corneal mold part at each mold half. These intermediate mold parts have lamp-shaped inner spirits, which form annular molding surfaces, which provide a rounded surface and / or another lamp-shaped annular zone on the back of the lens at the transition between the corneal and tendon mold parts and a pO. correspondingly sitting in front of the curved zone or in another suitably shaped annular part on the front surface of the lens. In most cases, no intermediate mold parts are required, and the conjunctival mold parts fit dO. directly on the corneal mold parts, as indicated above.
Sasom redan tidigare framhallits maste den optiska oppningen hos olika linser vara av olika diameter, och alltsa maste hornhinneformdelarna utforas med olika diametrar, varjamte senhinneformdelar och mellanformdelar maste framstallas, vilka passa till dessa olika hornhinnediametrar. Genom aft utfora mellanformdelarna 13 och 13a med ett antal olika radiella tjocklekar blir det mojligt att anvanda mellanformdelarna i olika kombinaitoner med hornhinneformdelarna och senhinneformdelarna fOr att kompensera for de olika differenserna mellan respektive formdelars inre och yttre diameter och ph sa salt reducera antalet erforderIiga senhinneformdelar, varvid mellanformdelarna fylla den dubbla uppgiften att tjana som ringformiga mellanlagg och att forma linsens mellanzoner. As already pointed out, the optical aperture of different lenses must be of different diameters, and thus the corneal mold parts must be made with different diameters, and late retinal mold parts and intermediate mold parts must be produced which fit these different corneal diameters. By making the intermediate mold parts 13 and 13a with a number of different radial thicknesses, it becomes possible to use the intermediate mold parts in different combinations with the corneal mold parts and the retinal mold parts to compensate for the different differences between the respective mold parts' inner and outer diameter and thus reduce the number of required late skin molds. the intermediate mold parts fulfill the dual task of serving as annular intermediate layers and of forming the intermediate zones of the lens.
Senhinneformdelen och/eller rnellanform- — — delen kan eventuellt justeras i axiell riktning i fOrhallande till hornhinneformdelen genom att infora mellanlagg, exempelvis de i fig. 1 visade mellanlaggen 15, mellan formblocken och den eller de formdelar, som skola justeras i axiell led. The retinal mold part and / or the inner mold part can optionally be adjusted in the axial direction in relation to the corneal mold part by inserting intermediate layers, for example the intermediate layers 15 shown in Fig. 1, between the mold blocks and the mold part or parts to be adjusted axially.
Den i fig, 3 schematiskt visade pressformningsmaskinen omfattar en ovre pressplatta 16 och en nedre pressplatta 17, vilka pressplattor dro anordnade att rora sig mot och fran varandra medelst hydrauliskt manovrerade icke visade medel sasom vid en vanlig pressformningsmaskin. Pa undersidan av den ovre pressplattan 16 dr fast ett stelt block 18 av metall eller annat ldmpligt material, och pa den ovre sidan av den nedre pressplattan 17 är fast ett stelt block 19 av metall e. d. Blocken 18 och 19 motsvara tillsammans funktionellt det oven namnda cylindriska huset 1 och mellanla.'ggsringen 7 och innehalla mellan sig, insatta i cylindriska hid, de tva satserna av hornhinne- och senhinneformdelar saint eventuellt mellanformdelar. De ovre andytorna hos den framre hornhinneformdelen 3c, hos den framre mellanformdelen 13b och hos den framre senhinneformdelen 5a aro slipade, sa att de tatt anligga mot den nog-grant arbetade undre ytan av pressplattan 16 pa sa satt, att axlarna hos dessa formdelar bliva vinkelrata mot namnda undre yta, och fogarna mellan de mot varandra stotande sektionerna av formningsytan hos den sammansatta formhalva, som bildas av sagda formdelar, passa noggrant till varandra. P samma satt aro den bakre hornhinneformdelen 4e, den denna tilldelade mellanformdelen 12c och den bakre senhinneformdelen 6a nog-grant arbetade, sâ att de anligga mot den nedre pressplattan 17 och hava sadan hOjd vid den optiska oppningen, att en kontinuerlig bakre yta pa linsen bildas. The press-forming machine schematically shown in Fig. 3 comprises an upper press-plate 16 and a lower press-plate 17, which press-plates are arranged to move towards and away from each other by means of hydraulically maneuvered means not shown as in a conventional press-forming machine. On the underside of the upper press plate 16 a rigid block 18 of metal or other stampable material is fastened, and on the upper side of the lower press plate 17 a rigid block 19 of metal is fixed and the blocks 18 and 19 together functionally correspond to the above-mentioned cylindrical the housing 1 and the intermediate ring 7 and contain between them, inserted in cylindrical hid, the two sets of corneal and retinal mold parts as well as any intermediate mold parts. The upper end faces of the anterior corneal mold part 3c, of the anterior intermediate mold part 13b and of the anterior retinal mold part 5a are ground so that they abut against the carefully worked lower surface of the press plate 16 so that the axes of these mold parts become perpendicular against said lower surface, and the joints between the abutting sections of the forming surface of the composite mold half, which are formed by said mold parts, fit closely together. In the same way, the posterior corneal mold part 4e, the intermediate mold part 12c assigned to it and the posterior tendon mold part 6a worked carefully so that they abut the lower press plate 17 and have such a height at the optical aperture that a continuous posterior surface of the lens is formed. .
Det cylindriska Met i det nedre blocket 19, I vilket de bakre formdelarna aro monterade, kan vara utbildat med en nagot utvidgad Ovre ande for att underlaita inforandet av den framre senhinneformdelen 5a i det nedre blocket 19 med de framre eller owe formdelama placerade absolut koaxiellt i forhallande till de bakre eller nedre formdelarna. The cylindrical Met in the lower block 19, in which the rear mold parts are mounted, may be formed with a slightly enlarged upper spirit to facilitate the insertion of the front retinal mold part 5a into the lower block 19 with the front or owe mold parts placed absolutely coaxially in relative to the rear or lower mold parts.
Formdelar av olika sfarisk krokning, vilka aro avsedda att kunna utbytas mot de ovan beskrivna formdelarna, aro pa liknande satt arbetade till bestamda vertikala diraensioner, eller ocksâ kunna senhinneformdelarna 5a och 6a och/eller mellanformdelarna gores vertikalt eller axiellt forstallbara genom ldmpligt skruvingrepp mellan dessa delar och hornhinn.eformdelarna 3c och 4c eller medelst anordnade att passe ph biocken 16 och 13 mellan senhinneformdelarna och/eller mellanformdelarna. Moldings of different spherical hooks, which are intended to be exchangeable for the moldings described above, are similarly worked to certain vertical diraensions, or also the retinal mold parts 5a and 6a and / or the intermediate mold parts can be made vertically or axially adjustable by deep screw engagement between these parts. and the corneal mold portions 3c and 4c or by means of fitting the biocock 16 and 13 between the retinal mold portions and / or the intermediate mold portions.
En liknande anordning av utbytbara formdelar, som aro monterade ph i huvudsak samma satt som ovan beskrivits for anvand ning i pressformningsmaskiner, kunna, anordnas for anvandning i en sprutgjutningsmaskin, men i detta fall bor blocket 19 vara perforerat med atminstone en kanal kommunicerande med utrymmet radian de sammansatta formhalvorna fOr att tillata inforseI av det plastiska materialet i formen for varje operation. A similar arrangement of replaceable mold parts, which are mounted ph substantially the same way as described above for use in press-forming machines, can be arranged for use in an injection molding machine, but in this case the block 19 should be perforated with at least one channel communicating with the space radian the composite mold halves to allow insertion of the plastic material into the mold for each operation.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE128866T |
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| SE128866C1 true SE128866C1 (en) | 1950-01-01 |
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