SE122786C1

SE122786C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE122786C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1948-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: C. F. Holmboe. Inventor: C. F. Holmboe.

Prioritet begard frdn den 30 april 1945 (Norge). Priority requested from 30 April 1945 (Norway).

Reaktionshastigheten vid hardning av mattade fettsyror och/eller dessas glycerider dr vid konstant temperatur, tryck, katalysator- mongd och katalysatoraktivitet beroende av den hastighet, varmed de i reaktionen deltagande amnena, fettet och/eller fettsyrorna, katalysatorn och vatet, blandas. Densamma dr aven beroende av det satt, varpa blandningen foretages. The rate of reaction in curing of saturated fatty acids and / or their glycerides at constant temperature, pressure, catalyst volume and catalyst activity depends on the rate at which the reactants, fat and / or fatty acids, catalyst and water are mixed. The same dr aven depending on the set, warp the mixture is made.

Foretagna analyser hava visat, att man under elj est lika villkor genom en stark intensifiering av blandningen av de tre reagerande amnena per tidsenhet kan Oka reaktions- hastigheten med 150 %. Analyzes have shown that under otherwise equal conditions, by a strong intensification of the mixture of the three reacting substances per unit time, the reaction rate can be increased by 150%.

Foreliggande uppfinning dr baserad pa det Rirhallandet, att man genom stark intensi- Hering av blandningshastigheten vid samma temperatur, tryek och katalysatoraktivitet kan minska katalysatormangden och harigenom uppna en icke ovasentlig besparing. Ndr det i det foljande talas om fett uteslutes darmed givetvis icke motsvarande fettsyror. The present invention is based on the idea that by intensifying the mixing rate at the same temperature, pressure and catalyst activity, it is possible to reduce the amount of catalyst and thereby achieve a not insignificant saving. When it comes to fat in the following, non-corresponding fatty acids are of course excluded.

Uppfinningen avser en apparat av det slag, ddr en blandning air fett och katalysator bringas att stiga upp genom ett i en behalla- re anbragt, nedtill oppet cirkulationsror, vars &re ande stracker sig upp Over det flytande fettets yta. En rad apparater av detta slag dro kanda. Vid vissa av de kanda apparaterna bringas fettet att stiga upp genom cirkula- tionsroret darigenom, att irate med hjalp av en pump pressas in vid rorets nedre dude och tager fettet med sig uppat, antingen genom injektorverkan eller enligt mammutpumpprincipen. Vid andra kanda apparater fir i roret anbragt en propeller, som driver fettet uppat. The invention relates to an apparatus of the kind in which a mixture of air fat and catalyst is caused to rise through a circulation tube arranged at the bottom, open up in a container, the spirit of which extends up over the surface of the liquid fat. A number of devices of this kind drew kanda. In some of the known devices, the grease is caused to rise through the circulation tube by pressing irate with the help of a pump at the lower dude of the tube and taking the grease with it upwards, either by injector action or according to the mammoth pump principle. In other known devices, a propeller is placed in the rudder, which drives the grease upwards.

Foreliggande uppfinning avser en apparat av .sistnamnda slag. Uppfinningen liar i forsta hand till andamal att astadkomma en stark intensifiering av fettkatalysatorblandningen i vateatmosfaren och samtidigt en hogre verk- ningsgrad hos cirkulationssystemet, an som kan uppnas vid de kanda apparaterna. En annan fordel vid apparaten enligt uppfinning- en ligger dari, att apparaten dr av enkel konstruktion och mycket driftsdker. The present invention relates to an apparatus of the latter kind. The invention is primarily aimed at achieving a strong intensification of the fat catalyst mixture in the hydrogen atmosphere and at the same time a higher efficiency of the circulation system, which can be achieved with the known apparatuses. Another advantage of the apparatus according to the invention lies in the fact that the apparatus is of simple construction and very operational.

Jamfort med tidigare Wanda apparater Umnetecknas uppfinningen av foljande: Pumpen dr anbragt i eirkulationsroret nara deltas ovre dude, medan densamma vid de kanda apparaterna dr anbragt nara rorets nedre ande. Vid anordningen enligt uppfinningen uppnas bl. a. den konstruktiva fordelen, att pumpens drivaxel kan utg8ras av en relativt kort axel, som uppifran dr ford ned i behdllaren. Compared with previous Wanda devices, the invention is characterized by the following: The pump located in the air circulation tube is near the upper dude, while the same in the known devices is located near the lower spirit of the tube. In the device according to the invention, e.g. a. the constructive advantage that the drive shaft of the pump can be constituted by a relatively short shaft, which from above travels down into the container.

Pumpen utgores enligt uppfinningen av en ,axiell turbinpump, omfattande 15phjul och ledapparat. Med hjolp am ledapparaten uppnas, att fettet slungas upp frau eirkulationsrorets ovre ande i form av en axiellt riktad strale, som traffar en pa pumpens drivaxel fastad och med axeln roterbar finfOrdelningsskiva. Harigenom uppnas en utomordentligt fin uppdelning av fettamnet i hell sma drop-par, som sprutas in i valeatmosfaren. Vid de kanda apparaterna dr pumpen icke forsedd med ledapparat och har darf5r en vasentligt lagre verkningsgrad an pumpen enligt uppfinningen. Vidare aro de kfinda apparaterna icke forsedda med en hastigt roterbar finfOrdelningsskiva, i det att man fOrsokt uppnit finfordelningen av fettet pa annat men icke sarskilt effektivt salt. According to the invention, the pump is constituted by an axial turbine pump, comprising 15 wheels and a guide device. With the aid of the guide device it is achieved that the grease is thrown up from the upper end of the circulation tube in the form of an axially directed jet, which strikes a fine distribution plate fixed to the drive shaft of the pump and rotatable with the shaft. This achieves an extraordinarily fine division of the fat substance into very small drop pairs, which are injected into the vale atmosphere. In the known devices, the pump is not equipped with a guide device and therefore has a substantially lower efficiency than the pump according to the invention. Furthermore, the fine apparatus is not provided with a rapidly rotating atomizing disc, in that an attempt has been made to achieve the atomization of the fat on other but not particularly effective salt.

Sarskilt vid anvandning av en finfordelningsskiva, sasom ovan angivits, dr det av betydelse, att pumpen Or forsedd med ledapparat. Detta astadkommer namligen, att fett- katalysatorblandningensstigningshastighet blir sit jainnt som mojligt fordelad Over rortvarsektionen i den del av cirkulationsroret, som befinner sig Over pumpen. Blandningen kommer darfOr att slungas mot finf ordelningsskivans hela yta, vilket dr ay betydelse fOr uppnaende av basta m8jliga finfordelning av blandningen i vateatmosfaren. Especially when using a fine distribution disc, as stated above, it is important that the pump Or is equipped with a guide device. This ensures that the rate of increase of the fat-catalyst mixture becomes evenly distributed over the rudder warp section in the part of the circulation rudder which is above the pump. The mixture will therefore be thrown towards the entire surface of the fine distribution plate, which is of great importance for achieving the best possible fine distribution of the mixture in the water atmosphere.

Ett annat viktigt kannetecken vid uppfinningen bestar ddri, att behallarens nedre deT har formen ay en kon, som nedtill i strom- 2— — linjeform gar upp i en spets, som Sr riktad up* i behallarens axelriktning, i det att det hela givits sitdan form, att reaktionshlandningen jamnt strOmmar till cirkulationsroret. Another important feature of the invention is that the lower part of the container has the shape of a cone, which at the bottom in a streamlined shape rises up in a tip, which is directed upwards in the axial direction of the container, in that the whole is given the side shape, that the reaction landing evenly flows to the circulation tube.

Ett ytterligare kannetecken vid uppfinningen bestar dari, att i behallaren under ytan av fett-katalysatorblandningen Sr anbragt en kylspiral, som stracker sig jaunt over den fria tvarsektionen mellan cirkulationsr5ret on behallarvaggen. Det Sr kfint aft forse sit- dana apparater med en kylslinga, men den- na har varit anordnad i skruvlinjeform Kings insidan av behallarvaggen. Genom att lata kylslingan hava formen av en plan eller foretradesvis konisk spiral, vars vindlingar Aro jamnt fordelade over den fria stromningstvarsektionen i behallaren, uppniis en jiimnare och mera effektiv kylning. A further feature of the invention consists in that in the container below the surface of the fat-catalyst mixture Sr a cooling coil is arranged, which extends jaunt over the free cross-section between the circulation tube and the container cradle. It is nice to provide the appliances with a cooling loop, but this has been arranged in the helical shape of King's inside the container cradle. By allowing the cooling coil to have the shape of a flat or preferably conical spiral, the turns of which are evenly distributed over the free flow cross section of the container, a smoother and more efficient cooling is achieved.

Uppfinningen skull i det foljande beskrivas narmare under hanvisning till hifogade ritning, soin schematiskt visar en vertikalsekton genom en hardningsapparat enligt uppfinningen. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing, which schematically shows a vertical section through a hardening apparatus according to the invention.

Behallaren 1 innehaller en blandning av det fett, som skall hardas, och den fOr processen nodvandiga katalysatorn. I derma behallare Sr anbragt ett nedtill Oppet cirkulationsr5r 2, vars ovre ande stracker sig upp Over vatskenivan i behallaren, medan dess nedre del Sr ford ned till bottnen av behallaren. Container 1 contains a mixture of the fat to be hardened and the catalyst required for the process. In this container Sr arranged a bottom Open circulating tube 2, the upper spirit of which extends above the water level in the container, while its lower part Sr travels down to the bottom of the container.

Enligt uppfinningen Sr i r5rets ovre, foretradesvis utvidgade del anbragt en axiell turbinpump med lophjul 3 orb ledapparat 3a. Pumpens lophjul Or direkt kopplat till en elektromotor 4. Pumpen suger fett-katalysatorblandningen med stor hastighet frAn bottnen av apparaten 1 orb sprutar upp densamma i reaktionsrummet 5, som Sr fyllt med vate. According to the invention, in the upper, preferably enlarged part of the pipe, an axial turbine pump with impeller 3 or guide apparatus 3a is arranged. Pump impeller Or directly connected to an electric motor 4. The pump sucks the grease-catalyst mixture at high speed from the bottom of the apparatus 1 orb sprays it up in the reaction chamber 5, which Sr filled with cotton wool.

For uppnaende av sA fullkomlig blandning som mojligt Sr det av stor betydelse, att feltkatalysatorblandningen strommar till riirets 2 sugiippning pa sitdant satt, att en med fettet blandad metallkatalysator icke far anledning att samla sig pa bottnen av behallaren 1 utan riled strommen fores upp genom cirkulationsroret 2, sa att den sammanlagda katalysatormangden, jamnt fordelad i fettmassan, aktivt deltager i reaktionen under hela processens gang. Detta uppnas enligt ett sarskilt viktigt kannetecken vid apparatens konstruktion darigenom, att apparatens nedre, koniska del utfores sa, att densamma i stromlinjeform gar upp i en i apparatens axelriktning riktad spets 6, i det att det hela givits sadan form, att reaktionsblandningen strOmmar till cirkulationsraret 2 med minsta mojliga mot-stand och energiforlust. In order to achieve as perfect a mixture as possible, it is of great importance that the field catalyst mixture flows to the suction opening of the tube 2 in such a way that a metal catalyst mixed with the fat does not have reason to accumulate on the bottom of the container 1. , said that the total amount of catalyst, evenly distributed in the fat mass, actively participates in the reaction throughout the process. This is achieved according to a particularly important characteristic in the construction of the apparatus in that the lower, conical part of the apparatus is designed so that it rises in a streamlined shape into a tip 6 directed in the axial direction of the apparatus, in that the whole is given such a shape that the reaction mixture flows to the circulation tube. 2 with the least possible resistance and energy loss.

For att intensifiera finfordelningen av fettkatalysatorblandningen i det med vate fyllda reaktionsrummet 5 Sr pa axeln 7 mellan pumpen 3 och motorn 4 fast en finfordel ningsskiva 8, som roterar med axeln on i finf5rdelad droppform slungar blandningen ut i vateahnosfaren. In order to intensify the atomization of the fat catalyst mixture in the hydrogen-filled reaction space 5, on the shaft 7 between the pump 3 and the motor 4, a finely divided disk 8, which rotates with the shaft in finely divided droplet form, is thrown into the hydrogen atmosphere.

Pa grund av det vid reaktionen utvecklade varmet stiger temperaturen under hardningen avsevart. Man mitste diirfOr soda f5r n5dvandig kylning. Detta uppnas enligt uppfinningen pa sarskilt effektivt salt med hjalp av en kylslinga 18, som genomstrOmmas av ett lampligt kylmedium. Kylslingan 18 liar vid den pa ritningen visade utforingsformen for-men av en konisk spiral, som stracker sig frith behallarvaggen till cirkulationsrOret. Densamma kan emellertid eventuellt aven vara utford som en plan spiral, i det att det vasentliga Or, att spiralens vindlingar aro janint fOrdelade Over hela den fria stromningstvarsektionen i behallaren. Due to the heat developed during the reaction, the temperature during curing rises considerably. Man mitste diirfOr soda f5r n5dvandig kylning. This is achieved according to the invention on particularly effective salt with the aid of a cooling loop 18, which is permeated by a suitable cooling medium. The cooling loop 18 in the embodiment shown in the drawing is in the form of a conical spiral which extends freely from the container cradle to the circulation pipe. The same may, however, also be challenged as a flat spiral, in that the essential Or, that the spirals of the spiral aro janint distributed Over the entire free flow cross section of the container.

Vid riktigt val av pumpens 3 kapacitet i m"/min. i forhallande till apparatens innehall, den totala lyfthOjden och finfordelningsskivans form och diameter ban man vid denna konstruktiort uppna en mycket stor cirkulations- och ,darmed blandningshastighet likscan en finfordelning av fett-katalysatorblandningen i vateatmosfaren med mattlig kraftforbrukning. With the correct choice of the pump's capacity in m / min in relation to the contents of the apparatus, the total lifting height and the shape and diameter of the atomizing disc, a very large circulation and thus mixing speed can be achieved in this construction, as well as a fine distribution of the fat-catalyst mixture in the water atmosphere. with moderate power consumption.

For kylning av axeln 7 Sr i behallarens 1 Ovre del anbragt en vattenmantel 9. Valet tillfores behallaren 1 genom roret 10. Mr hardningsprocessen avslutats, ban vat et i reaktionsrummet antingen utbIlisas genom ventilen 11 eller bortsugas med vakuum genom roret V,. Det fardiga, hardade fettet uttomInes tillsammans med katalysatorn genom roret 13 med hjalp av en inaktiv gas under tryck, som tillfores apparaten 1 genom roret P,. To cool the shaft 7, a water jacket 9 is arranged in the upper part of the container 1. The choice is fed to the container 1 through the tube 10. The finished hardened fat is discharged together with the catalyst through the tube 13 by means of an inert gas under pressure, which is fed to the apparatus 1 through the tube P1.

Ifyllning av ohardat resp. icke fardighardat fett sker genom roret 17, medan katalysator ifylles vid 17a. Under ifyllningen star behallaren 1 under vakuum, i det att denna Sr forbunden med vakuumroret Vt. Filling of uncured resp. unfinished fat is passed through the tube 17, while catalyst is charged at 17a. During filling, the container 1 is under vacuum, in that it is connected to the vacuum tube Vt.

Claims

Patent claim:

Apparatus for curing fatty acids and / or their glycerides, in which a mixture of starting material or catalyst by means of a pump is caused to rise through a circulating tube arranged in a container, open at the bottom and at the top, the spirit of which extends Above the surface of the liquid grease, characterized in that the pump is arranged near the upper end of the circulation pipe and consists of an axial turbine pump, comprising a impeller, which is attached to the lower end of an upwardly extending shaft in the container, and an overflow wheel. A guide device is provided which causes the mixture of starting material and catalyst driven up by the impeller to leave the ode dude of the circulation tube in an approximately axially directed radius, so that the drive shaft of the pump over the circulation tube is fixed. axially rotatable atomizing disk (8) which causes the mixture of starting material and catalyst in the atomized state to be ejected into the hydrogen atmosphere.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the container (1) has the shape of a cone, which at the bottom in streamlined form ascends in a tip (6) directed in the axial direction of the apparatus, in that the whole is given such a shape, that the reaction mixture flows evenly to the circulation tube.

Apparatus according to claim 1, in which a cooling coil is arranged in the container, characterized in that it has the shape of a preferably conical spiral, the windings of which are evenly distributed over the free flow cross section between the circulation tube and the container cradle. Stockholm 1948. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Stiller 480089