SE1100425A1 - Composite products made of concrete - Google Patents
Composite products made of concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SE1100425A1 SE1100425A1 SE1100425A SE1100425A SE1100425A1 SE 1100425 A1 SE1100425 A1 SE 1100425A1 SE 1100425 A SE1100425 A SE 1100425A SE 1100425 A SE1100425 A SE 1100425A SE 1100425 A1 SE1100425 A1 SE 1100425A1
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- biocide
- paste
- solution
- prepared
- Prior art date
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 sulphate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHCIQQGOQTFAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] PWHCIQQGOQTFAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011509 cement plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000350 glycoloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.Cl[Sn]Cl FWPIDFUJEMBDLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013904 zinc acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
- B28B1/16—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted for producing layered articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/02—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/02—Elements
- C04B22/04—Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0032—Controlling the process of mixing, e.g. adding ingredients in a quantity depending on a measured or desired value
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0067—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability making use of vibrations
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Betongprodukter av komposittyp bestående av ett skikt av betong som innehåller en biocid och ett skikt av en biocidfri betong. Det biocidinnehållande skiktet har en tjocklek som utgör 5 -20 % av kompositproduktens tjocklek. Innehållet av biocid i det biocidinnehållande skiktet är 50 - 2000 ppm. Biociden är ett salt eller en blandning av salter av metallerna koppar, krom, tenn och zink. En process för framställning av betongprodukterna består av följande steg: En betongpasta beredes där en del av det ingående vattnet kommer från en lösning av ett metallsalt eller en blandning av metallsalter. Betongpastan hälles i en gjutform i en mängd som ger det biocidinnehållande skiktet en önskad tjocklek. En betongpasta beredes som inte innehåller biocid, och hälles i gjutformen i en sådan mängd att kompositprodukten får önskad tjocklek. Lösningen av metallsalter har pH 3 - 4. Anjonerna i lösningen av metallsalter är sulfatjoner. Kompositprodukterna av betong kan användas som markstenar, byggelement, takpannor och avloppsrör.Composite type concrete products consisting of a layer of concrete containing a biocide and a layer of biocide-free concrete. The biocide-containing layer has a thickness that is 5-20% of the thickness of the composite product. The content of biocide in the biocide-containing layer is 50 - 2000 ppm. The biocide is a salt or a mixture of salts of the metals copper, chromium, tin and zinc. A process for producing the concrete products consists of the following steps: A concrete paste is prepared in which part of the included water comes from a solution of a metal salt or a mixture of metal salts. The concrete paste is poured into a mold in an amount that gives the biocide-containing layer a desired thickness. A concrete paste is prepared that does not contain biocide, and is poured into the mold in such an amount that the composite product gets the desired thickness. The solution of metal salts has a pH of 3 - 4. The anions in the solution of metal salts are sulfate ions. The concrete composite products can be used as paving stones, building elements, roof tiles and drain pipes.
Description
15 20 25 30 tungmetalljoner samt att dessa är jämnt fördelade och fast förankrade i betongstrukturen och endast med stor svårighet kan lakas ur denna. 15 20 25 30 heavy metal ions and that these are evenly distributed and firmly anchored in the concrete structure and can only be leached out of it with great difficulty.
Det är därför ett ändamål med uppfinningen att tillhandahålla betongprodukter med kompositstruktur. Betongprodukter enligt uppfinningen består av tvâ skikt, ett skikt, som är tjockare och är ren betong, som inte innehåller några tillsatta tungmetalljoner. Det andra, tunnare, skiktet innehåller tungmetaller som satts till betongpastan.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide concrete products with a composite structure. Concrete products according to the invention consist of two layers, one layer, which is thicker and is pure concrete, which does not contain any added heavy metal ions. The second, thinner, layer contains heavy metals added to the concrete paste.
De två skikten behöver ej ha samma sammansättningutan kan ha olika vct och olika mängd och typ av ballast.The two layers do not have to have the same composition but can have different vct and different amount and type of ballast.
Ett annat ändamål med uppfinningen är att skapa kompositstrukturer av befintliga betongkonstruktioner genom att förse deras yta med lager av puts.Another object of the invention is to create composite structures of existing concrete structures by providing their surface with layers of plaster.
En annan aspekt av uppfinningen är att fördela tungmetalljonerna jämnt och att förankra dem väl i det tunnare betongskiktets struktur.Another aspect of the invention is to distribute the heavy metal ions evenly and to anchor them well in the structure of the thinner concrete layer.
Detaljerad beskrivning av utfiiringsformer av uppfinningen mg Betong är ett byggnadsmaterial som görs av cement, ballast, vatten och olika tillsatsmedel.Detailed description of embodiments of the invention mg Concrete is a building material made of cement, aggregate, water and various additives.
Cement är ett hydrauliskt bindemedel, vilket kännetecknas av att det hårdnar genom reaktion med vatten till en produkt som ej är löslig i vatten. Portlandcement är den egentliga beteckningen på dagens cement och tillverkas huvudsakligen av finrnalen kalksten och lera som brärms till cementklinker (små kulor) i roterande ugnar vid en temperatur upp mot l 450 °C. Efter kylning mals cementkuloma till pulver Ballast är komigt bergmaterial som sand, grus och krossad sten och utgör mellan 60 och 75 % av betongens volym.Cement is a hydraulic binder, which is characterized by the fact that it hardens by reaction with water to a product that is not soluble in water. Portland cement is the actual name of today's cement and is mainly made from fi nrnal limestone and clay that is braked into cement clinker (small balls) in rotary kilns at a temperature up to l 450 ° C. After cooling, the cement balls are ground to powder. Ballast is a coarse rock material such as sand, gravel and crushed stone and makes up between 60 and 75% of the concrete's volume.
Tillsatsmedel kan vara i pulverforrn såsom flygaska eller ”fumed silica” eller i vätskeform såsom t.ex. flytmedel, ”superplasticizers”.Additives can be in powder form such as fl ygaska or "fumed silica" or in liquid form such as e.g. fl Superplasticizers.
Förhållandet mellan mängden vatten och mängden cement, vattencementtalet, vct, i pastan är av avgörande betydelse för betongs egenskaper. Porositet och permeabilitet ökar med vct i området 0,3 - 0,6.The ratio between the amount of water and the amount of cement, the water cement content, vct, in the paste is of crucial importance for the properties of concrete. Porosity and permeability increase with vct in the range 0.3 - 0.6.
Vid framställning av betong blandas torra komponenter väl i en betongblandare.When producing concrete, dry components are mixed well in a concrete mixer.
Därefter sättes vatten och vätskeformiga additiv till blandningen av torra komponenter och ornröres till en pasta. När vatten sättes till de torra komponenterna börjar olika hydratiseringsreaktioner som bildar den starka basen Ca(OH)2. Pastans pH stiger därför snabbt och uppnår pH 13 - 14 inom kort tid. 10 15 20 25 30 Pastan hälles i formar och får hårda i dessa i ett dygn innan betongprodukterna tas ur formarna. Produkterna är i detta tillstånd fasta kroppar som kan hanteras men har dåliga mekaniska egenskaper. Härdningen fortsätter och efier 3 - 4 veckor har betongen uppnått omkring 90 % av sin slutliga styrka.Then water and liquid additives are added to the mixture of dry components and stirred into a paste. When water is added to the dry components, various hydration reactions begin which form the strong base Ca (OH) 2. The pH of the paste therefore rises rapidly and reaches pH 13 - 14 in a short time. 10 15 20 25 30 The paste is poured into molds and allowed to harden in them for 24 hours before the concrete products are removed from the molds. The products in this state are solid bodies that can be handled but have poor mechanical properties. The hardening continues and after 3-4 weeks the concrete has reached about 90% of its final strength.
Eltê Cementputs är ett tunt ytskikt, fiån omkring 5 - 10 till omkring 20 - 30 mm, av bnik på till exempel byggnader, invändigt och utvändigt. Putsens syfie är att hålla ihop konstruktioner, skydda den bakomliggande väggen samt att ge en tilltalande yta. Bruk till cementputs består av cement, ballast, som vanligen är sand, och vatten Metalljoner med biocidiska egenskaper Joner eller föreningar av olika slag av tungmetaller är effektiva biocider. Cd” är sålunda en mycket effektiv biocid men också mycket hälsofarlig. Vissa föreningar av Hg är också mycket effektiva biocider men likaså mycket hälsofarliga.Eltê Cementputs are a thin surface layer, fi from about 5 - 10 to about 20 - 30 mm, of bnik on, for example, buildings, inside and outside. The plaster's sewing is to hold constructions together, protect the underlying wall and to provide an attractive surface. Mill for cement plaster consists of cement, aggregate, which is usually sand, and water. Metal ions with biocidal properties Ions or compounds of various kinds of heavy metals are effective biocides. CD ”is thus a very effective biocide but also very hazardous to health. Some compounds of Hg are also very effective biocides but also very dangerous to health.
Lösningar av ferriklorid eller ferrisulfat avlägsnar effektivt gön mossa I föreliggande utföringsformer användes joner av Ag, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Sn och Ba som är eiïektiva biocider men mycket mindre hälso- och miljöfarliga än Cd och Hg. Alternativt kan den produkt som framgår av SE 533 902 C2 användas.Solutions of ferric chloride or ferric sulphate effectively remove moss In the present embodiments, ions of Ag, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Sn and Ba are used which are effective biocides but much less hazardous to health and the environment than Cd and Hg. Alternatively, the product set out in SE 533 902 C2 can be used.
Metalljoner enligt utföringsforrnerna framställes genom att lösa upp motsvarande salt i vatten. Exempel på salter som kan användas är silvernitrat, kopparacetat, kopparklorid, kopparsulfat, blyacetat, kromacetat, kromklorid, kromsulfat, zinkacetat, zinkklorid, zinksulfat, tennklorid, bariumacetat och bariumklorid.Metal ions according to the embodiments are prepared by dissolving the corresponding salt in water. Examples of salts which can be used are silver nitrate, copper acetate, copper chloride, copper sulphate, lead acetate, chromium acetate, chromium chloride, chromium sulphate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc sulphate, tin chloride, barium acetate and barium chloride.
Lösningarna kan innehålla flera olika metalljoner för att uppnå optimalt skydd mot mikrobangrepp.The solutions may contain different metal ions to achieve optimal protection against microbial attack.
Betongpastor Utföringsformerna påverkar inte betongs hållfasthetsegenskaper och andra egenskaper, som i huvudsak styrs av vct och mängd och typ av ballast, efiersom mängden metalljoner som tillförts betongen är mycket liten. Utföringsformerna kan därför användas i betong med högt eller lågt vct, med ballast med grov eller fin komstorlek eller med höga eller låga andelar ballast i betongen. Pastoma, dvs. pastan som innehåller tillsatta metalljoner och pastan som inte innehåller tillsatta metalljoner, som används för att göra betongprodukter med kompositstruktur kan ha olika sammansättningar både vad gäller vct och mängd och typ av ballast.Concrete pastes The embodiments do not affect the strength properties and other properties of concrete, which are mainly controlled by the weight and amount and type of aggregate, as the amount of metal ions added to the concrete is very small. The embodiments can therefore be used in concrete with high or low vct, with ballast with a coarse or grain size or with high or low proportions of ballast in the concrete. Pastoma, i.e. the paste that contains added metal ions and the paste that does not contain added metal ions, which are used to make concrete products with a composite structure can have different compositions both in terms of vct and amount and type of ballast.
Rent allmänt gäller givetvis att pastoma enligt utforingsformerna skall göras efter alla konstens regler vad gäller blandning av pastans komponenter. Ju jämnare fördelade 10 15 20 25 30 komponenterna är i pastan desto lägre är chansen att defekter bildas i den hârdande betongstrukturen och sprickor uppstår. Betong är ett poröst material med en porositet som beror bl. a. av vct. I dessa porer transporteras fukt i betongstrukturen. Om sprickoma som uppstått som defekter i betongstrukturen når ända upp till betongproduktens yta kan fukt- transporten öka så att urlakning av såväl metalljoner som Ca(OH)2 sker i den härdande betongen. Händer detta så reagerar den starka basen kalciumhydroxid med koldioxid i luften under bildning av kalciumkarbonat, kalk, så att det uppstår en vit utfallning av kalk på betongytan. Urlakning av metalljoner såväl som kalkutfällning kan förhindras om sprickor och porer i betongytan kan täppas igen. Detta kan åstadkommas genom att behandla betongytan efter upp till ett dygns härdning med en kommersiell kiselsyrasol eller en kiselsyrasol på vars yta, som innehåller aluminiumsilikatsäten, silverjoner är adsorberade enligt svenskt patent SE 533 902 C2.In general, of course, the pastes according to the embodiments must be made according to all the rules of art with regard to mixing the components of the paste. The more evenly distributed the components are in the paste, the lower the chance of defects forming in the hardening concrete structure and cracks occurring. Concrete is a porous material with a porosity that depends, among other things. a. of vct. In these pores, moisture is transported in the concrete structure. If the cracks that have arisen as defects in the concrete structure reach all the way to the surface of the concrete product, the moisture transport can increase so that leaching of both metal ions and Ca (OH) 2 takes place in the hardening concrete. If this happens, the strong base calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form calcium carbonate, lime, so that a white precipitate of lime occurs on the concrete surface. Leaching of metal ions as well as limescale precipitation can be prevented if cracks and pores in the concrete surface can become clogged. This can be achieved by treating the concrete surface after up to 24 hours of hardening with a commercial silica sol or a silica sol on the surface of which, containing aluminosilicate seats, silver ions are adsorbed according to Swedish patent SE 533 902 C2.
En del av vattnet i en pasta enligt utföringsformerna kommer från en lösning av ett metallsalt. Hur mycket metallsaltlösning som skall användas beror på halten metalljoner i lösningen och på hur mycket metalljoner - ppm metalljoner - som skall ingå i pastan. Ett konkret exempel belyser hur mycket metallsalt som behövs för att göra 10 kg pasta med 22,2 vikt % cement, 11,1 vikt % vatten och 67,7 vikt % ballast och som innehåller 1000 ppm metalljoner, t. ex. Cu” -joner. 10 kg pasta med 1000 ppm Cu” -joner innebär 10 g Cu eller 32 g kopparacetat, Cu(C2H3O2)2 H20, eller 40 g kopparsulfat, CuSO4 5H2O (MV 250). Om 40 g kopparsulfat löses i 1100 g vatten så har lösningen en molaritet av 0,15 M. 10 15 20 25 30 Det är önskvärt att metalljonerna enligt utföringsformerna fördelas så jämt i pastan/betongen/putsen som möjligt.Some of the water in a paste according to the embodiments comes from a solution of a metal salt. The amount of metal salt solution to be used depends on the content of metal ions in the solution and on how much metal ions - ppm metal ions - are to be included in the paste. A concrete example illustrates how much metal salt is needed to make 10 kg of paste with 22.2% by weight of cement, 11.1% by weight of water and 67.7% by weight of aggregate and which contains 1000 ppm of metal ions, e.g. Cu ”ions. 10 kg of paste with 1000 ppm Cu ”ions means 10 g of Cu or 32 g of copper acetate, Cu (C2H3O2) 2 H2O, or 40 g of copper sulphate, CuSO4 5H2O (MV 250). If 40 g of copper sulphate are dissolved in 1100 g of water, the solution has a molarity of 0.15 M. It is desirable that the metal ions according to the embodiments be distributed as evenly in the paste / concrete / plaster.
Saltlösningar enligt utföringsformema bildar alla svårlösliga hydroxider/oxider med baser. När saltlösning sättes till de torra komponenterna börjar hydratiseringsreaktionerna genast, pH stiger snabbt och metallhydroxid/oxid faller ut i pastan. För att fördela metalljonema så fullständigt som möjligt i pastan innan de börjat falla ut som metallhydroxider/oxider är det viktigt att metallsaltlösningen sättes snabbt till de torra komponenterna under mycket god omrörning. Vid beredning av pastor enligt utföringsformerna gjordes den oväntade upptäckten att det går att kontrollera tiden, induktionstiden, som står till förfogande för fördelning av metalljonema i pastan innan metallhydroxider/oxider börjar falla ut. Sänkning av metallösningens pH till omkring 3 - 4 och/eller salter med vissa anjoner som t.ex. sulfatj oner i kopparsulfat ökar induktionstiden med från några sekunder till någon minut vilket är tillräckligt for att ge en tillräckligt homogen blandning och metalljonema får tid att fördela sig jänmare i pastan innan de faller ut som hydroxider eller oxider. Sänkning av pH kan ske med t.ex. svavelsyra Nedan angivna exempel är angivna i exemplifierande syfte och uppfinningen begränsas ej av dessa exempel.Saline solutions according to the embodiments form all sparingly soluble hydroxides / oxides with bases. When brine is added to the dry components, the hydration reactions begin immediately, the pH rises rapidly and metal hydroxide / oxide precipitates in the paste. In order to distribute the metal ions as completely as possible in the paste before they start to precipitate as metal hydroxides / oxides, it is important that the metal salt solution is added quickly to the dry components with very good stirring. When preparing pastes according to the embodiments, the unexpected discovery was made that it is possible to check the time, the induction time, which is available for distribution of the metal ions in the paste before metal hydroxides / oxides begin to precipitate. Lowering the pH of the metal solution to about 3-4 and / or salts with certain anions such as. sulphate ions in copper sulphate increase the induction time by from a few seconds to a few minutes, which is sufficient to give a sufficiently homogeneous mixture and the metal ions have time to distribute more evenly in the paste before precipitating as hydroxides or oxides. Lowering of the pH can take place with e.g. sulfuric acid The examples given below are given for illustrative purposes and the invention is not limited by these examples.
Exempel Vid beredning av betong användes följande riktrecept för att göra 5 kg betongpasta med vct 0,5: 3,33 kg normsand (66,7 %) 1,11 kg cement (22,2 %) 0,56 kg vatten (1l,l %) De torra komponentema blandas väl i en betongblandare. Vattnet med eller utan upplöst metallsalt sättes snabbt till den torra blandningen under god omrörning.Example In the preparation of concrete, the following recipe was used to make 5 kg of concrete paste with a weight of 0.5: 3.33 kg of standard sand (66.7%) 1.11 kg of cement (22.2%) 0.56 kg of water (1l, l%) The dry components are mixed well in a concrete mixer. The water with or without dissolved metal salt is quickly added to the dry mixture with good stirring.
Några pastor gjordes med vct högre och lägre än 0,5. Mängden vatten och cement justerades så att önskat vct erhölls.Some pastes were made with vct higher and lower than 0.5. The amount of water and cement was adjusted so that the desired vct was obtained.
Pastan med tillsatta metalljoner kallas for pasta 1, Pastan utan tillsatta metalljoner kallas för pasta 2.The paste with added metal ions is called paste 1, the paste without added metal ions is called paste 2.
Pasta 1 hälles i formen och vibreras innan pasta 2 hälls i formen så att tjockleken av kompositpastan i formen är 50 mm. Formen vibreras efier tillsats av pasta 2.Paste 1 is poured into the mold and vibrated before paste 2 is poured into the mold so that the thickness of the composite paste in the mold is 50 mm. The mold is vibrated with the addition of paste 2.
Kompositprodukten tas ur formen efter 1 dygns härdning vid 25 OC.The composite product is taken out of the mold after 1 day of curing at 25 ° C.
Exemplen är sammanfattade i tabell I tabellen anges vct i kolumn 2, typ av saltlösning i kolumn 3, saltlösningens molaritet i kolumn 4, halten metall i tillsatt vatten i kolumn 5, tjockleken av pasta 1 (som innehåller metalljoner) i kolumn 6, tjockleken av pasta 2 (som ej innehåller tillsatta metalljoner) i kolumn 7 och mängden tillsatt metall i kompositprodukten. 10 15 I Tabell 1.The examples are summarized in Table The table indicates the vct in column 2, the type of saline in column 3, the molarity of the saline in column 4, the content of metal in added water in column 5, the thickness of paste 1 (containing metal ions) in column 6, the thickness of paste 2 (which does not contain added metal ions) in column 7 and the amount of added metal in the composite product. 10 15 I Table 1.
Exem- vct Salt- Saltlö Mängd Tjocklek Tjocklek Mängd pel lösning s- metall av pasta 1 av pasta 2 metall ning, ppm mm mm i produkten m ppm 1 0,5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,15 1000 6 44 136 2 0,5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,15 1000 10 40 250 3 0,5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,075 500 10 40 125 4 0,5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,015 100 10 40 25 5 0,5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,15 Cu: 500 10 40 136 + blyacetat Pb:500 6 0,6 CuSO4. SHZO 0,15 1000 6 44 136 7 0,3 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,075 500 10 40 125 5 8 0,5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,075 500 10 40 125 9 0,5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0,30 2000 6 40 272 10 0,5 Cr(C1)3. 6H2O 0,15 1000 10 40 250 1 1 0,5 Zn(NO3)2.6H2 0,075 500 10 40 125 O 12 0,5 Pb(C2H302)2. 0,07 5 500 10 40 125 3H2O 13 0,5 SnCl2.2H2O 0,075 500 10 40 125 14 0,5 BaCl2.2H2O 0,075 500 10 40 125 Patentexempel 15. En platta med en tjocklek av 10 mm, vilket motsvarar tjockleken av typiska takpannor, gjöts av pasta 1 från patentexempel 2. Plattan innehöll 1000 ppm koppar jämt fördelade över hela plattan.Exem- vct Salt- Saltlö Amount Thickness Thickness Amount of solution s- metal of paste 1 of paste 2 metall ning, ppm mm mm in the product m ppm 1 0.5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.15 1000 6 44 136 2 0.5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.15 1000 10 40 250 3 0.5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.075 500 10 40 125 4 0.5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.015 100 10 40 25 5 0.5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.15 Cu: 500 10 40 136 + lead acetate Pb: 500 6 0.6 CuSO4. SHZO 0.15 1000 6 44 136 7 0.3 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.075 500 10 40 125 5 8 0.5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.075 500 10 40 125 9 0.5 CuSO4. 5H2O 0.30 2000 6 40 272 10 0.5 Cr (C1) 3. 6H2O 0.15 1000 10 40 250 1 1 0.5 Zn (NO3) 2.6H2 0.075 500 10 40 125 O 12 0.5 Pb (C2H302) 2. 0.07 5 500 10 40 125 3H2O 13 0.5 SnCl2.2H2O 0.075 500 10 40 125 14 0.5 BaCl2.2H2O 0.075 500 10 40 125 Patent example 15. A plate with a thickness of 10 mm, which corresponds to the thickness of typical roof tiles, cast from paste 1 from patent example 2. The plate contained 1000 ppm copper evenly distributed over the entire plate.
Patentexempel 16. Vid beredning av pasta 1 i patentexempel 2 sänktes pH av lösningen av 0,15 M kopparsulfat till 3,5 med 0,5 M svavelsyra innan lösningen sattes till de torra komponenterna i betongblandaren. Plattan hade en 50 mm kompositstruktur bestående av ett 10 mm tjockt lager av betong som innehöll 1000 ppm koppar jämnt fördelat över lagret och ett 40 mm tjockt lager av betong som inte innehöll någon tillsatt koppar.Patent Example 16. In preparing Paste 1 of Patent Example 2, the pH of the solution of 0.15 M copper sulfate was lowered to 3.5 with 0.5 M sulfuric acid before the solution was added to the dry components of the concrete mixer. The slab had a 50 mm composite structure consisting of a 10 mm thick layer of concrete containing 1000 ppm copper evenly distributed over the layer and a 40 mm thick layer of concrete containing no added copper.
Patentexempel 17. Den sida av plattan från patentexempel 10 som innehöll 1000 ppm krom i ett 10 mm tjockt lager behandlades med en sol enligt SE 533 902 C2 som innehöll 500 ppm silver och 5 % kiselsyra. 100 g sol användes per m2 betongyta.Patent example 17. The side of the plate from patent example 10 which contained 1000 ppm chromium in a 10 mm thick layer was treated with a sol according to SE 533 902 C2 which contained 500 ppm silver and 5% silicic acid. 100 g of sol was used per m2 of concrete surface.
Patentexempel 18. Den sida av plattan från patentexempel 8 som innehöll 500 ppm koppar i ett 10 mm tjockt lager behandlades med en 7 nanometer kiselsyrasol som innehöll 5 % kiselsyra. 100 g sol användes per m2 betongyta.Patent Example 18. The side of the plate from Patent Example 8 containing 500 ppm copper in a 10 mm thick layer was treated with a 7 nanometer silicic acid sol containing 5% silicic acid. 100 g of sol was used per m2 of concrete surface.
Claims (13)
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| SE1100425A SE1100425A1 (en) | 2011-05-30 | 2011-05-30 | Composite products made of concrete |
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