SA519402504B1 - Computer Processing of Borehole to Surface Electromagnetic Transmitter Survey Data - Google Patents

Abstract

Data obtained with an electromagnetic energy transmitter in borehole to surface electromagnetic (BSEM) transmitter is processed to determine a detected electromagnetic field between the transmitter and a receiver array. The processed data provides measures of detected electromagnetic fields, induced polarization and electromagnetic well logging information of interest for surveying and mapping of subsurface formations. Fig 1.

Description

Computer Processing of Borehole to Surface Electromagnetic Transmitter Survey Data Full description

Invention background

The f of the present invention relates to an electromagnetic energy source or transmitter for surveying and mapping

Electromagnetism from pit-to-surface extrusion for subsurface formations.

Electromagnetic methods have been used to obtain data on underground formations

surfaces and their contents are fluid components for several purposes. Among them are the characteristics of the oil tank and tracking

front in improved oil extraction processes.

One of these electromagnetic methods is what is known as the electromagnetic method from the wellbore to

Surface or from blister-to-surface (BSEM).

Two electrodes have been used in the electromagnetic energy method to pimple-surface etching. The 0 was the first electrode in a borehole for what is known as a scattering transmitter that transmits electromagnetic energy;

and the other, which may be a ground electrode; He was on the surface of the Earth next to the Receiver Matrix.

The receiver array may be located at spaced locations on the surface consistent with the reservoir

The importance of detecting the energy field after passing through the ground from the first or transmitter electrode.

in the typical process; The Blister-to-Surface Electromagnetic Method (BSEM/8511) used 5 in-hole and (sale) 2000-600 array or (ST) surface-to-surface receivers, enabling

Mapping the distribution of the fluid (usually oil and water) over large areas of the reservoir over a few kilometers

of ll in which J of the transmitting electrode is placed.

The transmitting electrode in all was activated at depths of interest. The signal emitted upon activation may be a single frequency or multiple frequencies. The resulting electromagnetic field was then sensed in the time and frequency ranges by the receiver array. Scans of this type can then be repeated after a period of time has passed from the transmitter sufficient to track subsurface fluid transport. The interface in the subsurface formation between solids and liquids leads to induced polarization and scattering responses to the frequency of the emitted signals; Responses are received and recorded. The recorded data were processed and analyzed to map the boundaries of subsurface reservoirs of interest and to assess other nearby formations. The information obtained was significant in evaluating sweep efficiency; or the percentage of original oil displaced from the formation by a flood fluid and in identifying potential oil zones diverted (Gils 0) thus ultimately increasing oil recovery. It is known that to date no provision has been made to obtain a highly accurate measure of the emitter depth location in Below the wart.Indirect measurement can only be done through measurements of the length of the cable passing from the spool or spool of cable in the wire line truck to the wart.However, the length measurement does not take into account elongation of the cable at increasing depths in the wart.This leads to an increase Inability to accurately determine 5 ll depth formation measurements and correlate actual depth of ET emissions with data representative of subsurface conditions.During the BSEM survey other well logging operations were not with other well logging tools present in the slash hole; as known So far, it has been conducted.The purpose of this is that the transmitting electrode can move very easily to the required depths in the well.Therefore, there is no ability to monitor the conditions 0 down the well during the BSEM survey, and so on, and as far as is known, no item has been made. To monitor abnormal conditions a a state that may provide advance notice of one or more potential problems; Jie Transmitter electrode temperature rise; Initiation of ignition at all ¢ impulse of gas or pressure cll or the like.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION IN BRIEF The present invention provides a new and improved wire-mounted electromagnetic energy transmitter for electromagnetic surveys of subsurface earth formations from an il pit containing a casing installed along its length in the ground to a location close to a formation of interest; The casing is formed with lengths of dual members connected at end sections to adjacent tubular members by means of a casing sleeve. Jad Electromagnetic Energy Transmitter contains an electromagnetic energy source that emits electromagnetic energy in the form of electric current when activated; And a control circuit that activates the conductive tape to emit electromagnetic energy for a specific period and duration. The EMF transmitter also includes the CE probe body control circuit. The probe body is positioned to be lowered by wireline into Sal 0 crater to the location close to the formation of interest. A top conductive assembly is installed over the probe body which connects the wire line control circuit and allows electric current to flow to the Bll electromagnetic source. A lower conductor assembly is installed under the probe body and connects the electromagnetic power supply to the control circuit. The EM transmitter also includes a casing sleeve locator mounted in the probe body to provide indications of movement of the probe body after Dla casing in 5 casing while the transmitter is moving through the Lull bore the EM transmitter also includes a fluid pressure sensor which is mounted In the probe body to measure the fluid pressure in the wellbore at the probe body site ¢ and the temperature sensor that is installed in the probe body to measure the temperature in the blister hole at the probe body site. The present invention also provides a new and improved method for the electromagnetic survey of sub-surface geological formations from a wellbore containing a composite casing along its length in the earth to a location of interest close to a formation of interest; Casing is formed with lengths of tubular members joined at end sections to adjacent tubular members by means of a casing sleeve. Gy of the present invention; The electromagnetic energy source with the probe body attached to it is lowered to the location of interest in the wellbore. A measurement is formed with a casing sleeve locator for the number of casing sleeves after which the source and the probe body move 5 during the lowering step to determine the depth of the source and the probe body in the fll hole based on the number

Size for sleeve. The sleeve-sleeve locator is then deactivated when the source and probe body are in the location of interest. Then the electromagnetic energy is emitted from the source at the site of interest to travel through the subsurface formations to clear the special electromagnetic energy clu ill of the subsurface earth. Brief Explanation of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram taken Wa in cross-section of an electromagnetic ge system from dl borehole to surface placed in a blister bore for wellbore to surface electromagnetic survey data according to the present invention . Fig. 2 is an enlarged gad projection of the well casing of the structure shown in Fig. 1. 0 Fig. 13 is an overhead Jl iad schematic of an electromagnetic transmitter from the wellbore to the surface according to the present invention. Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of an average portion of an electromagnetic transmitter from the blasting hole to the surface according to the present invention. Figure 3c is a bottom edad schematic diagram of an electromagnetic transmitter from Dll 5 1 bore to the surface according to the present invention. Figure 4 is a typical view of well log data from conventional well logs for subsurface formations as a function of depth in the ALL hole. Figure 5 is a graph of induced polarization data obtained from subsurface formations over depth ranges during survey and mapping. Electromagnetic from the wellbore to 0 surface for subsurface formations adjacent to the jill borehole for which the well log data was obtained in Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a graph of the induced polarization data obtained from subsurface formations over different depth ranges than in Figure 5. The wellbore-to-surface electromagnetic survey and mapping of the subsurface formations adjacent to the idl bore in which the log data were obtained. ad in Figure 4. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a computer system for processing survey data from Bore A to

surface according to the present invention. Figure 8 is a functional block diagram of a set of data processing steps performed in the computer system of Figure 7 during the processing of survey data from the wellbore to the surface according to the present invention.

0 Detailed Description: In Figures » A Surface Electromagnetic Survey (BSEM) System B is schematically shown in Fig. 1 in connection with a jet bore 10 drilled into the ground through rock in subsurface geothermal formations [that] contain hydrocarbon fluids of interest. The electromagnetic energy transmitter 1 (Figs. 13, 3b and 3c) Gy of the present invention is fixed to a wire line 12 for sweeps

5 Electromagnetics of subsurface geoforms F from Blast crater 10. As is; Jad 10 contains casing 14 (Figs 1 and 2) which are installed two lengths into the ground at a site near a reservoir. A typical casing string 14 extends several thousand feet from all head 15 at or above ground level to a lower casing segment or drill pipe sole 16 within ll hole 0. Under the depth of the drill pipe sole in 16 is the lower gall of Ad where there is no casing

Known as an exposed bore 17 the casing 14 is formed by the lengths of tubular joint members 18 (Fig. 2) which are connected at upper and lower end sections 118 and 18b to adjacent tubular members 18 by means of a casing sleeve 20. The ends of each tubular joint or segment 18 of the casing chain 14 are externally threaded ; The bushing 20 is internally threaded to mate with the threaded hall of adjacent shell members 18. In the conventional manner; where

Two pieces of casing tubes 18 are attached to a sleeve 20; In some wells there may be a small gap between the adjacent ends of the two casing segments. Instead of that; Lad is known as the “flush joint” casing. There are no gaps between the ends of the adjacent sheathing member segments which are held in an abutting relationship by means of the bushing 20.

in connection with all-hole-to-surface electromagnetic scans (/8581); transmitter 1 and wireline cable 12 are suitably carried at the all header 15 by means of a notched pulley 22 eg; which use ad) and lower emitter 1 in ll-hole 10. During bore-to-surface or bore-to-surface electromagnetic scans two electrodes are used. The first electrode 30 (Fig. 3b) of transmitter 1 according to the present invention is in the blister hole

0 10, which acts as a transmitter for the well so as to send electromagnetic energy of the required frequency and amplitude to the geological formations around the wellbore for transmission through the subsurface geological formations LF the other electrode 32 (Fig. 1); which may be a ground electrode; On Earth 34 to Gila has an A receiver array which is schematically indicated in Figure 1. The A receiver array consists of 36 electromagnetic energy receivers that are located at spaced locations on the ground over an area

5 surface matching the dimensions of the tank of interest. The receivers in the receiver matrix A detect the transmitted energy field after passing through the ground from the transmitting electrode 1. Electromagnetic scanning from the aad pit to the surface allows mapping of the distribution of the fluid (usually oil and water) over large areas of the reservoir over aad a few 2-4 km from the well in which the transmitting electrode was placed. away from the well in which the electrical transmitter is placed. are the variables of interest in such a survey

0 resistivity and induced polarization or 0 A; as shown below. The transmitting electrode A placed in Jil 10 is activated at depths of interest. The resulting electromagnetic field is sensed in the time and frequency ranges by the receiver array A and scans of this type are repeatable at set intervals over a period of time to track subsurface fluid transport.

The electromagnetic energy transmitter T comprises a conductive metal rod or arm 40 of copper or other similar conductive material. The conductive electrode power source 40 is operationally connected to the control circuit 42 which responds to control signals transmitted from the surface from a transmitting vehicle 1/1 on a surface above the wireline 12 and energizes the conductive electrode 40 so that electromagnetic energy of desired frequency and amplitude is emitted for a specified time and duration during a BSEM scan According to the present invention; The borehole depths ll at which the electromagnetic energy of the BSEM survey is emitted are obtained by the transmitter T during the surveys in a manner that is specified. Wellbore depth readings along with the correspondingly sensed electromagnetic fields of emissions at that depth are recorded in an appropriate data memory in a computer or data processor in a logging vehicle or L truck (Fig.

0 1). Once registered; BSEM data and depth measurements are transferred as needed to a data processing system or computer for on-site processing and analysis” and are available for further processing and analysis elsewhere. The time recordings and electromagnetic energy content determined by the control signals are also fed through the transmitting vehicle 1 to the computer or data recording processing equipment in the recording vehicle or truck A.

5 The electromagnetic energy transmitter A also includes a probe body 44 (Fig. 13 and 3b) connected to the wireline 12 by an overhead conductive assembly 46. The transmitter T is configured to be lowered by the wireline 12 into the Al bore 10 to the various depths indicated as Adjacent to or close to formations of interest to BSEM surveys The upper conductive assembly 46 is installed over the probe body 44 operationally coupling control circuit 42 to wireline 12 to provide power

0 electrical as well as automatic connection of the transmitter 1. mand the overhead conductor assembly 46 with electric current flow to supply power to the signals emitted from the electromagnetic energy source 40 during scans and the passage of control signals to the control circuit 42. With the present invention; The electromagnetic energy transmitter T is provided with a sleeve-sleeve locator 50 that is mounted inside the probe body 44 and connected electrically through a conductor assembly 46 and line SL 12

With surface electronics in the registration vehicle L to provide indications of movement of the transmitter T and the object

Probe 44 after casing sleeve 20 in casing chain 14 during transmitter movement T through His al 10. The casing sleeve locator 50 may be one of several available types”; Jie, those from Sondex (General Electric Company) in Hampshire, UK. In the sleeve locator 50 magnetic sensors detect the presence of the sleeve 20 by sensing a large metal AS at the casing sleeve location at the ends of the casing segments 18 along the length of the casing segments 18 Electronic circuits inside the sleeve locator 50 form electrical signals sale They are in the form of pulses as the limiter successively passes the sleeve 20 during the movement of the transmitter T through the pimple hole 15. The sleeve sleeve 20 is located at known and defined lengths from each other according to a known distance 0 or the length of the sheathing section 18 between its terminals 18 . And so on; then count the number of sleeve bushings 0 passed during the movement of the transmitter to a target depth as shown in 52 or 54; For example either in the exposed hole area 17 or within the casing string 14 strictly indicates for the purposes of the present invention the depth of transmitter 1. And so on; The sleeve bushing locator 50 measures the position of the transmitter? For the last point of the last casing or the sole of the drill pipe 16. The casing sleeve position limiter 50 5 is provided with the ability to switch between open and closed so that measurements are not made with the limiter while transmitting electromagnetic signals from transmitter 1. Thus the limiter senses the position of the casing sleeve 50 and transmits the signals which indicates the presence of the casing bushing only at the times when the limiter passes through the drill pipe sole 16 before entering the target area. Thus transmitter 1 of the present invention is equivalent to any potential bias or distortion in the accuracy of the depth 0 locations at which transmitter 1 is energized that results from the extension of the wire line cable from the surface to the target depth. Satisfactory accuracy has been shown even when a transmitter is located deep in the exposed hole 17. There is usually only a few feet of the exposed hole section at the end of the well casing. It was found that the potential elongation of the cable in the last few feet of the exposed hole is negligible compared to the thousands of feet in the covered section 14.

An electromagnetic energy transmitter (A of the invention Jad) is also provided with the ability to sense pressure and temperature comprising a fluid pressure sensor 55 and a temperature sensor 60 mounted in the probe body 44. The fluid pressure sensor 55 measures the fluid pressure in the All bore at the location Probe body 4 inside bore il) 10. The fluid pressure sensor 55 is electrically connected to the surface electronics of the L-recorder to provide indications of fluid pressure at transmitter site A. The pressure sensor 55 may be one of several types available; Jie, those from Omega Data Services Limited; Aberdeen, Scotland. Temperature sensor 60 measures fluid pressure in bore A at probe body site 44 within bore al 10. Temperature sensor 60 communicates electrically with surface electronics in vehicle 0 recording A to provide indications of temperature conditions at transmitter site A. The 60 temperature sensor may be one of several types available; Such as those available from Omega Data Services Limited; Aberdeen; Scotland. According to the present invention, it is now possible to monitor all bottom pressure conditions as well as temperature during BSEM scans in this way; The jl crews will be able to identify and take 5 steps to prevent a potential problem from occurring. Examples of such potential problems are overheating of the transmitting electrode A; initiation of ignition in the pit of all the gas rush in the adh ¢ overpressure condition; and the like. plating on it»; Survey kits and jill kits are capable of sensing and detecting conditions that may increase the risk of explosion or ignition; Or it may affect the quality of the data. It was also shown that due to the very low electromagnetic frequency normally used in BSEM 0 scans, the energy released during the scans does not affect the pressure and temperature measurements sensed by sensors 55 and 60, respectively. However, electromagnetic current can affect downhole pressure and temperature conditions. The present invention by including pressure sensors and temperature sensors incorporated into the BSEM T transmitter can detect potentially erratic increases in temperature or pressure; Or both, due to several reasons. 5. Examples include overheating of the transmitting electrode BSEM or antenna 30; with risk

melting of transmitter T or wireline cable 12; entry of an abnormally high hydrocarbon pressure bubble into the blister; and possible ignition of the gases starting at the bottom of the blisters whether or not it was triggered by the emitted electromagnetic current. The pressure and temperature readings sensed by the present invention are important for taking timed protective measurements on the surface; Such as stopping the transmission of BSEM signals Activating squirt monitoring procedures. Perform contingency measurements as required. Install the bottom conductive assembly 70 (Fig. 3b) under the probe body 44 and connect the conductive metal rod 40 of the electrode source 30 to the control circuit 42 so that power is supplied Electrical conductive rod 40 to emit electromagnetic energy of desired frequency and amplitude for a specified time and duration during a BSEM scan 0 Conductive rod 40 is a solid rod of certain thickness for mechanical force formed from copper, ie up to a length of about 0.8 m. Weight rod connector 72 at the lower end of the conductive rod 40 to connect the conductive corer assembly 74 to the upper parts of the transmitter 1. The conductive rebar assembly 74 as schematically shown in 76 provides for axial movement and a connection of the weight rod member 78 of a heavy material suitably to the upper parts of the transmitter 1. A member 5 of the weight rod 78 in a conventional manner assists the correct orientation and movement of the transmitter AT the blister bore 10. Normally, as shown in 80, the nose plug 80 is installed below the weight rod 78 to facilitate movement of the transmitter T through the blister bore 10 . at my work The electromagnetic survey of the subsurface earth formations is performed from the wellbore to the surface in the wellbore 10 when the transmitter T with the probe body 44 is lowered to 0 sites of interest in the wellbore in the holeless zone 17 below the casing 18. forming a scale» during such movement; With the casing sleeve locator 50 for the casing sleeve number 20 after which the transmitter and the probe body are transported during the lowering and the measurements provided to the surface above the wire line 12 and recorded on the log truck a. And this way; The emitter depth AA is measured in the blistering hole 10 and is recorded based on the measured number of casing bushings. The cover sleeve position limiter 5 50 is then deactivated when the transmitter AT is a significant position. Then electromagnetic energy is emitted from the rod

Connector 40 is at the site of interest for transmission through the subsurface formations to survey the electromagnetic energy of the subsurface earth formations. Figure 4 is a simplified example of well log data from conventional well logs as a function of depth Bia il) for subsurface formations as a function of depth in the all 10 borehole. The al log or graph in Fig. 4 shows AS for depth over a range of porosity values from less than 5% to about 9625 the relative presence of oil is as shown as 100 and water is as shown as 102. The measurements made from the DIA data shown in Figure 4 were obtained from a typical well at Existing tank. Another important measurement in addition to the well records in Figure 4 that can be obtained from the subsurface 0 formations themselves is the data that can be obtained from the /8581 surveys. One of the variables that can be obtained from the data of the BSEM surveys of the geosynthetic subsurface formations from the hole (id) is induced polarization or IP Graphs or induced polarization maps of the search layer are used in subsurface formations in distinguishing oil from water areas In formations close to or even within a few kilometers of Lal crater if5 the induced polarization maps obtained from the BSEM survey data indicate a high induced polarization measurement; This indicates that there is a high oil saturation in the studied layer. and vice versa; If the induced polarization maps obtained from the BSEM survey data indicate a low induced polarization measurement; This indicates that there is water saturation in the studied layer. Fig. 5 is a graph or map of induced polarization as a function of surface area or 0 jue extension on BSEM survey data for a layer shown as extending from depth TA to depth 0/4 in the sill subject to (ad) recordings Graphs are shown in Fig. 4. A graph of the sputtering log is also included in Fig. 5 to facilitate reference and analysis. The induced polarization measurements as determined from the BSEM scans are plotted in the 104 color key of the Fig. 5 map. The locations or depths indicated in depths 1A and all 48 in the well log graphs are depicted in Fig. 4 Ss. 5

Fig. 6 is a graph or map of induced polarization based on BSEM survey data for a layer identified according to the present invention as extending from depth TA to depth 28 in All duds subject to the graphic recordings (fd) in Fig. 4. A Dill log graph has also been included in Figure 6 for ease of reference and analysis. The 2/8 depth is also indicated in the well graphic records in Figure 4 along with the 1/8 and 4/8 depths. A chart of the map formats is placed in the margins of Figure 6. As is evident; The regions that are the subject of Figures 5 and 6 overlap significantly. The induced polarization measurements are plotted as determined from the BSEM scans

In color key 104 the map of Fig. 5 lly is the same as that of Fig. 6. In the induced polarization maps of Figs 5 and 6; The differences are in the induced depolarization response

0 clear. In the map of Figure 5; The induced polarization data map provides indications of oil as indicated by the regions in the upper right radius of the map when the transmitter is located in the layer between depths TA and 4/8. On the contrary; The map of induced polarization data in Fig. 6 referring to layer TA f/2 indicates that much larger amounts of water are present in the same general area as that of the reservoir of interest; With the indicated water in the same tank area.

5 As shown in Figure 7 the data processing system D according to the present invention for processing transmitter data from pit a to the surface comprises a computer 50 containing a processor 122 and memory 124 coupled with the processor 122 to store operating instructions; And control the data and database records in it. computer may be 120; As needed; A multi-core processor with nodes such as those from the Intel Core or Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) or a mainframe of any traditional type of hardware

0 Computer with suitable processing capacity Jie Hardware available from International Business Machines (/181); Armonk New York or AT source Note that Seal Jie (AY) personal computer digital processors in the form of a notebook computer (pane) or any suitable Seal Jie (AY) digital data processing can be programmed or programmable.

Computer 120 contains a user interface 126 and an output display 128 to display output data or data processing records of an AN-to-surface transmitter data and other recording data measurements Gy of the present invention to obtain measurements of interest to electromagnetic surveying and mapping of subsurface formations. The Output Display 128 includes Jie printer components and an output display capable of providing printed output information or a visual display in the form of graphical “data sheets” graphic images; Data graphs and the like as records or output images. The user interface 126 in computer 120 includes an input device OR and an output/input controller 130 to provide user access to database records or information and to operate 0 computer 120. Data processing system D also includes database 132 stored in memory; which may be internal memory 124; or external; or connected to the network; or offline as described in 134 in the relevant database server 136. Data processing system 0 has program code 138 stored in memory 124 in computer 120. Program code 138 is; According to the present invention in the form of computer-operable instructions making the data processor 122 constitute a measurement of fluid transmission capability in subsurface formations; as shown below. It should be noted that the 138 program code may be in the form of a microcode; software; routine; or symbolic, executable computer languages that provide a specific set of required operations that control the performance of a data processing system 10 and direct its operation. Program code instructions 138 may be stored in the computer's memory 124 0 120) or on a computer's slip disk; magnetic tape; a conventional hard disk drive; les laid optical storage; or other suitable data storage device containing Usable stored on a computer Program code 138 may also be contained on a data storage device such as a 134 server as computer-readable media, as shown.

The flowchart © in Figure 8 shows the logic structure of the present invention as embodied in the computer program. 3 Those skilled in the art a flowchart illustration of the structure of the elements of a computer program code operating according to the present invention. The invention is exercised in its basic embodiment by means of computer components that use program code instructions in the form of instructing a 5D digital data processing system to perform a series of processing steps analogous to those shown in the flowchart ©. Referring to Fig. 8 flowchart C is a high-level logical flowchart showing a method according to the present invention to manipulate the lily transmitted from the Ad crater to the surface to obtain measurements of interest for surveying and electromagnetic mapping of subsurface formations. The method of the present invention performed in computer 120 can be implemented using computer program steps of 0 Figure 8 stored in memory 124 and executable by the system processor 122 in computer 120. The recording and survey data generated by measurements taken with survey system 8 are provided in Figure 1 as Inputs to the data processing system 0. As shown in the © flowchart of Fig. 68 a preferred sequence of steps for a computer-applied method or process to obtain measurements of interest for electromagnetic surveying and mapping of subsurface formations according to the present invention is schematically illustrated. Data are acquired during step 200 of further processing of the electromagnetic scan from the blasthole to the surface by electromagnetic signals transmitted from the blasthole transmitter aug detected by receivers in the surface matrix in the manner described above. in addition to; Data on transmitter depths is collected; receiver site positions or formats; Transmission synchronous time» Transmission 0 signal parameters (amplitude; phase » frequency) » Geostratum”; and topography during Step 200. olf Step 202 Alld dallas collected during Step 200 are performed to determine the electromagnetic field detected between the Tad bore source) at a depth or depths of interest and the selected receivers in the receiver array e. It should be understood that the entire set of receivers in matrix A can be selected as desired.

The processing during step 202 can be done to determine the detected EMF in time frame or frequency frame and it can be done according to several conventional methods. Examples include multidimensional inversion and Occam's Inversion: A Practical Algorithm for Generating "Jie Smooth Models from Electromagnetic Sounding Data, 5. Constable, R. Parker, and C.

Constable, Geophysics, Vol. 52, No. 3 (March 1987): © 5 289-300" It should be understood that other appropriate methodologies can also be used to determine the EMF detected during the 202 step procedure. The EMF detected during the 202 step processing are stored in a suitable memory In the data processing system 0 during step 204 as functions of the depth in the wellbore 0 10. The data stored during step 204 are then available as electromagnetic well records as functions of bore depth (ji) in the subsurface formation of interest in further analysis and study. 206; the processed data from step 202 is also stored in memory according to a specific grouping of the selected receivers in the A matrix and the data stored during step 206 is then available as electromagnetic field mapping data with respect to the subsurface configuration of interest for further analysis and study During Step 208, the data collected from Step 200 and the processed data from Step 2 are dallased to determine the induced polarization or IP of selected configurations at locations or depths of interest in the Subsurface formations ©. during step 210; The polarization induced to select the receivers in matrix A is determined and summed again; The entire matrix may be selected as an array; This is according to desire. Processing can be done during step 208 to determine the induced polarization; For example; Either by reflection or analysis. Examples of such treatments include those described in (Jaa) M “Induced Polarization Interpretation for Subsurface Characterisation: Case Study of Obadore, Lagos State”, Alabi, Ogungbe, Adebo, and Lamina, Scholars. Research Library, Archives of Physics Research, (2010), 1 25

3(:34-3). The processing is performed during Step 208 to determine the variations of the apparent resistance AS for different transmitted electromagnetic frequencies. This dispersion property is related to the relative presence of water and hydrocrions; as described in the article: “Carbonate Reservoir Rocks Show” Induced Polarization Effects, Based on Generalized Effective Medium Theory”, Zhdanov, Burtman, and Marsala, 75th EAGE Conference & 5

Exhibition, SPE EUROPE 2013, London, UK, (10-13 June 2013) Induced polarization identified in portions or regions of interest in the subsurface formation [resulting from steps 208 and 210 is then stored in a memory suitable for the data processing system 0 During step 212. During step 214) The selected one or more record data types

0 electromagnetic well; Electromagnetic field and induced polarization data in subsurface formations of interest resulting from processing are available in response to user requests in the subsurface formation of interest for further analysis and study.

accordingly; By the present invention a more accurate measurement and knowledge of the depth to which the electromagnetic signal energy is to be transmitted is provided. And with the availability of a more accurate reading of the location of the depth of the transmitting antenna or electrode 30.

5 It can be seen that if the electromagnetic transmitting antenna 30 is correctly located at 2/8 instead of AA a significantly different fluid distribution map is obtained and measured for the selected reservoir layer. It may also be noted that it is now possible to have an accurate measurement of the ll Jad BSEM T transmitter depth location

The invention has been sufficiently described so that a person with an average knowledge of the subject can

sale] 0 production and obtain the results stated in the invention here. However; Any person skilled in the field of technology; the subject matter of the invention in this document; may make modifications not described in the order contained herein; or applies such modifications to a specific structure; or in the manufacturing process itself the alleged subject matter of the following claims is needed; Such structures shall be covered within the scope of the invention.

5 It should be noted that improvements and modifications may be made to the present invention described in detail above but without deviating from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the related claims.

Claims (5)

Hamama elements 1- A wellbore-to-surface electromagnetic survey method for surveying subsurface geological formations from an Ad borehole containing a composite casing along its length in the earth to a location of interest close to a formation of interest to perform processing to obtain a measurement of the subsurface geological formation; Casing is formed with lengths of tubular members joined at end portions of adjacent tubular members by means of Dla Casing; The method_ comprises the following steps: bring down an electromagnetic current source for an electromagnetic scanning transmitter from a wetter bore to the surface with a probe body attached to it to the location of interest in the wellbore under the casing; locate a ground electrode at the surface of the earth; locating an array of surface-to-surface electromagnetic field receivers at spaced locations over a surface area on the Earth's surface; forming a measurement with a casing sleeve locator of the number of casing sleeve 0 after which the source and the probe body move during the lowering step to determine the depth of the source and the probe body in the hole ll based on the measured number of the casing sleeve; deactivation of the sleeve-sleeve locator when the source and probe body are in the location of interest; transmitting electromagnetic energy by means of an electric current flowing from the mains supply of an electromagnetic scanning transmitter at the surface at the site of interest to travel through subsurface formations to the surface and form a 5 electromagnetic field; receiving an electric current from the electromagnetic scanning transmitter mains current at the ground electrode surface at the earth's surface; Detection using the array of receivers placed at the surface at divergent locations on the Earth's surface measures the modulated electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic energy emitted by the electric current flow from the mains supply of the electromagnetic scanning transmitter from the aperture to the surface at the location of interest 0; Process the detected electromagnetic field in a computer to obtain a measurement To survey the electromagnetic energy of the Earth's subsurface constellations. 2. A method for obtaining, by means of electromagnetic scanning from an a-hole to the surface, a measure of the induced polarization of subsurface geological formations from a wellbore containing a composite casing 5 along its length in the ground to the site of interest close to a formation of interest; The cover is configured with lengths of Lugs) connected at end parts to adjacent tubular members by means of a casing sleeve; The method comprises the following steps: an electromagnetic current source for an electromagnetic scanning transmitter is lowered from hole ll to the surface with a probe body attached to it to the location of interest in hole jl under the casing; locate a ground electrode at the surface of the earth; Locate the matrix 5. From surface electromagnetic field receivers at locations spaced over a surface area on the Earth's surface; forming a measurement with a casing sleeve locator of the number of casing sleeves after which the source and the probe body move during the lowering step to determine the depth of the source and the probe body in the hole sly Jl on the measured number of casing sleeves; deactivation of the sleeve-sleeve locator when the source and probe body are in the location of interest; and the emission of electromagnetic energy by electric current 0 flowing from the electric current source of the electromagnetic scanning transmitter from the blister hole to the surface to travel through the subsurface formations to the surface and form an electromagnetic field; Receiving electric current from the electromagnetic scanning transmitter mains supply from the blister to the surface is provided with a ground electrode on the surface of the earth; Detection by the array of surface receivers at the farthest positions on the Earth's surface of a measure of the induced polarization produced by the electromagnetic energy emitted by the electric current flow from the electromagnetic scanning transmitter's mains current from the ll slot to the surface at the site of interest; And processing the induced polarization finder ull into a computer to obtain an induced polarization measurement to record the induced polarization of subsurface terrestrial formations. 3- Method Gy of claim 2; It also includes the next step: storing the resulting 0 measurement of the induced polarization in a computer's memory. 4. The method in accordance with claim 2; It also includes the next step: creating an output display for the resulting measurement of induced polarization. 5- A method for the electromagnetic survey from hole (al) to the surface to record the electromagnetic response of subsurface earth formations (AS) at depth in the Jill hole containing a composite mantle 5 along its length in the ground to the site of interest near a formation of interest; The casing shall be formed with lengths of members (Lugs) connected at end sections to adjacent tubular members by means of a casing sleeve; The method comprises the following steps: an electromagnetic current source for an electromagnetic scanning transmitter is lowered from the ll hole to the surface with a probe body attached to it to the location of interest in the ll hole under the casing; locate a ground electrode at the surface of the earth; Locate an array of surface-to-surface electromagnetic field receivers at locations spaced out over a surface area on the Earth's surface; forming a measurement with a casing sleeve locator of the number of casing sleeves after which the source and the probe body move during the lowering step to determine the depth of the source and the probe body in the hole sly Jl on the measured number of casing sleeves; deactivation of the sleeve-sleeve locator when the source and probe body are in the location of interest; emission of electromagnetic energy by electric current flowing from the electromagnetic scanning transmitter mains current from the JEDI 0 aperture to surface through subsurface formations to the surface; reception of electric current from the source with an electrode on the surface of the earth and the formation of an electromagnetic field; Reception of electric current from the electromagnetic scanning transmitter mains supply from the Ad slot) to the surface with ground electrode at the ground surface; Detection by the array of surface receivers at faraway locations on the earth’s surface of an electromagnetic field as a function of the depth of the well bore resulting from 5 electromagnetic energy emitted by the flow of electric current from the electric current source of the electromagnetic scanning transmitter from the borehole to the surface at the site of interest ; And processing the detected electromagnetic field in a computer to obtain a depth measurement in the extrusion hole for the electromagnetic recording of subsurface geomagnets. 6. 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