SA515360153B1 - Process for optimizing removal of condensable components from a fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for removing condensable components from a fluid containing condensable components. The method involves optimizing the temperature of an initial feed stream including the condensable components through heat exchange and cooling to condense liquids there from. The liquids are removed to form a gas stream which is then compressed and after-cooled to form a high pressure stream. A portion of the high pressure stream is expanded to form a cooled low pressure stream which is mixed with the initial feed stream to augment cooling and condensation of condensable components in the initial feed stream. The method is characterized in that, after mixing the cooled low pressure stream with the initial feed stream, the formed mixture is separated into a liquid stream and a gas stream. The liquid stream and the gas stream are contacted with the initial feed stream in a gas-liquid heat exchanger and in a gas-gas heat exchanger, respectively.

Description

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Jud is a process for removing condensable condensation from a fluid in a manner

Process for optimizing removal of condensable components from a fluid FULL DESCRIPTION BACKGROUND The present invention relates to the removal of condensable components from fluid mixtures that exhibit a positive effect of Joule-Thomson 8-1110005007A010L »; ley more specifically the present invention relates to the removal of; For example; Water from gas streams (meal to reduce the formation of liquid water or to significantly remove it from them in order to reduce erosion and hydrate formation in the GL stream) transported and injected for sequestration. A discussion of modification and enhanced hydrocarbon recovery is also presented. Jie jal streams usually include those from petroleum processing or combustion processes; contains a gas or gases which form an acid when mixed with water. ed are typically called "acid gases". The most common naturally occurring acid gases from petroleum processing are 0 hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (602). Typical acid gases derived from combustion/oxidation/pyrolysis processes are carbon dioxide (CO2) sulfur dioxide (502); nitrogen oxides (NO2 (NO) Acid gases typically include eld The resulting acid gases are Naturally, sale is saturated with water in the tank, and the gases derived from combustion co-exist with the water formed 5 from the interaction of hydrogen and oxygen during combustion.By default, all acid gases end up in a state saturated with water vapor at some points during the process of removing or purifying acid gases. Decreasing the temperature or increasing the pressure, within a certain range, of water containing acid gas, Jie that produced when the acid gas is passed through a compressor, causes some water to condense from the gas phase to the liquid phase, at some temperatures, which are still higher From the freezing point of 0 water, the water and acid gas may begin to form an alia-like structure called a gas hydrate. add the temperature at which bate fag hydrate can form temperature of formation tA

Ad —_ hydrate (HFT) which varies according to pressure; combination; and water content of the mixture. A hydrate is the physical combination of water and small molecules producing a compound that has a "snow-like" appearance; But it has different properties and structure than snow. Wall hydrates can be known as lattice gas. Hydrates cause a problem because they can cause low heat transfer; excessive drops in pressure; occlusions; © Difficulties in production processes and security issues. Formation of an aqueous phase in any gas system is not required because it promotes corrosion; It can cause gas hydrates to form and can cause mechanical and operational problems. The aqueous phase is not particularly required in an acid gas system because the resulting aqueous phase will be acidic; This leads to a significant increase in the corrosion rate and typically results in a higher HFT than the non-acidic 001 gases. Table A shows the levels of corrosion that occur in mild steel at various concentrations of the Je components, acid in water, rr. General corrosion m/ro S billion sla . KEYS C02 KEYS 002 at LI 0 parts per oil per million t tals > I = 10 * temperature 80 degrees Fahrenheit”; and exposure VY hours. tA

__Source: (Y40A) Watkins 800 Kincheloe, Watkins and Wright (Y4oY) Watkins and Wright data Although this discussion has focused on acid gas'; Those skilled in the art will appreciate the applicability of the method and concept of removing condensable components from any fluid stream that exhibits a positive Joule-Thomson © coefficient. General description of the invention An embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for removing condensable components from a fluid containing said condensable components; It comprises: attainment of level BY of degree sha the initial feed stream comprising said condensable components during heat exchange 0 and cooling to condense the liquids therefrom and remove said liquids to form a gas stream; Compressing and cooling said gas stream GaY to form a gas stream of pressure Je; Expand at least ein from said pressure J gas stream to form a refrigerated low pressure gas stream and mix said refrigerated low pressure gas stream with said pre-feed to further cool and condensate the condensable components of said pre-feed to form a mixture; separation of said mixture into a liquid stream and a gas stream; and said liquid stream ve and said gas stream contacting a primary feed stream for heat exchange through a gas-liquid heat exchange process in sequence with a gas-gas heat exchange process. Referring to Figures 5 oF the water content in acid gas is proportional to temperature and pressure of about 00 pounds per square inch (7,548 ?bar) absolute for 125" and 00 pounds per square inch (1Y.0 bar) ) absolute to 002 ; and inversely proportional to pressure. Within these limits 0 higher pressures and lower temperatures favor a low cle content of acid gases. Jia dehydration is a process of removing water to reduce or prevent the formation of hydrates and free water. In acid gas with a high H2S concentration Ges enough water is typically removed during cooling between conventional multi-stage compression stages through the condensate phase (Wal some pressure higher than the critical pressure of the supercritical fluid is defined) so that the separate process of removing water tA

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required. Due to the increased 'meal' gas content of 602, sufficient water removal is achieved during compression alone

becomes less Vida) and usually requires a separate process to remove the water.

The conventional means of removing water from a gas is the solid adsorption desiccant; absorption

desiccant for liquid; refrigeration; membrane separation Dry gas extraction. The most common methods of use are adsorption desiccant for solid and desorption desiccant for liquid.

The process of glycol desorption » which is the desorption process of Jl in general is the process

Most operationally preferable and most economical for the majority of applications. you get naked

Such processes for dehydrating and desiccating a liquid have several disadvantages:

« Glycol losses in Alla 602 Jle maintenance can be significant;

0 « Excess oxygen increases; Typically present in acid gases formed by combustion of corrosion greatly accelerates glycol decomposition at higher ha degrees for regeneration; It requires the continuous addition of a continuous glycol extraction process;

m The glycol must be monitored and treated to maintain an appropriate pH range; » Dewatering equipment is typically manufactured from cost-effective metals and Jie SEU 1 stainless steel resistant to the treatment of acidic liquids produced; m Typically the glycol is heated to temperatures of 4060°F (4,4 10"C) for regeneration evaporating the alma and draining the aerated acid gases and other contaminants paid by the glycol; such as volatile organic compounds ethylbenzene and xylene gly (BTEX) Other extraction gases These require control of these

volatile emissions in general adding costly fume extraction equipment and introducing the potential for additional oxygen pollution; » The facility requirements for these operations are significant and include the fuel used for glycol regeneration and the capacity required to pump the glycol and operate the vapor recovery equipment;

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© A large overall carbon footprint is generated as a result of the manufacture of co lll removal equipment and the requirements of the 602 product

From the facility in the system and the glycol formulation used in the dehydration process.

Cryodehydration takes advantage of the gas's reduced ability to trap water due to its low temperature

his temperature. Reduction in temperature may be achieved indirectly by heat exchange from oo to "cool" the exterior or other temperature reduction; or direct expansion of the gas itself. He is

Direct gas expansion is either isothermal expansion such as the expansion process in a turbine expansion medium

or isothermal expansion Sie through a Joule-Thomson (JT) valve used in a unit

Conventional suffocation or during the gas compression quenching process. The installation of an indirect cooling unit

Designed solely for the purpose of dewatering is often a cost-cutting barrier.

0 Both isothermal and isothermal cooling methods use an expansion device; Low temperature separators and at least one heat exchanger to extract as much energy from the process as possible. In the most simple form; The gas is fully expanded” either isothermally or isothermally; from higher pressure to lower pressure; This leads to a low enough fluid temperature for water to condense.

Shall the condensate is removed from the process in a separator with a low temperature and 1 degree low residue; The dry gas is widely used for pre-cooling the inlet fluid, controlling the sang, and improving the thermal efficiency of the process. This is typically referred to as 'throttle unit' or 'dew point (No. 006)' in a pre-oil and gas processing application. Isothermal expansion; expansion is achieved using the expansion method and work Ala is used in

Yo which is typically extracted to partially recompress the dry gas at the outlet. The choice to use isothermal or isothermal expansion depends on the amount of water to be removed and therefore the amount of heat to be reduced. The isothermal expansion is able to achieve lower temperatures. in terms of cost of capital; The isothermal process is considerably more expensive; but the ability to get the work done gives it a counterbalance advantage.

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Claims (8)

Incorporation of protection elements 1- A method for removing condensate components from a fluid that contains ALE condensable components “includes: reaching the degree (Ld) shall of the initial feed stream that includes the condensable components For condensation through heat exchange 681 "exchange and cooling to condense the fluids in it o and remove the aforementioned liquids to form a gas stream; compression and after cooling the aforementioned gas stream to form a high-pressure stream Je pressure stream extending at least part of the high pressure stream to form a low pressure ik stream mixing said cooled low pressure stream with said preformed feed stream to further cool and condensate the condensable components in the feed streams said initial feed stream to form a mixture; separation of said mixture into a liquid stream and a gas stream; and contacting said liquid stream and said gas stream to a primary feed stream for heat exchange 1684 by heat exchange process 0686 Gas — liquid in series with work Gas = gas heat exchange. -Y 1 Method as given in Claim Jali) The step of determining the hydrocarbon and water content of said initial fuel stream. *- The method as given in claim 1 or oF also includes the step of operating the method in a temperature range outside of that where hydrates form. 901 Und Stream Processing Step includes oF to 1;- the method as given in the said water content reduction safeguards for the feed stream unit process .unit — ¢ \ — —o The method as given in claims 1 through of also includes recovering hydrocarbons from the stream produced by said method. = the method as given in claims 1 to 0 also includes extraction of © components of acid gas from the stream produced by said method. “- the method as given in the © claim Way includes circulating the components of said acid gas. Ye +#- the method as given in the claims 1 to oF where the fluid is It has a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient. 4- The method as stated in claims from 1 to cA, where the mentioned condensable components include 651112 and heavier hydrocarbons. .hydrocarbons 10 -0 method as given in claims 1 to 9; Also includes an optional step for adding a hydrate inhibitor to said fluid. 1 ) = the method as given in claims 1 to 0, where the said hydrate inhibitor is methanol . — \ A Sip 0 contains raid raids at LSS FARO D ANCHOR J NNA EA 1 2 A HE H 1 AA D 3 E L 8 EE Td NERS: SUV Latse Ssab Aba (B: 3 : HE H i Tahiya PPP lm ANNALS SEES MEN 1: AO L 3 N FEI ee RE H re : EN i MAAC SAIS SUA on i. 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Box TAT Riyadh 57??11 ¢ Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Email: Patents @kacst.edu.sa