SA113340950B1 - Method and apparatus for well-bore proximity measurement while drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for determining a distance between a first borehole and a second borehole is provided that in one embodiment includes a rotating magnet on a tool configured for placement in the second borehole for inducing magnetization in a magnetic object in the first borehole, a first coil and a second coil placed radially symmetrically with respect to an axis of the tool, the first coil providing a first signal and second coil providing a second signal responsive to a magnetic flux resulting from the magnetization in the magnetic object in the first borehole, and a controller configured to combine the first signal and the second signal and determining distance between the first borehole and the second borehole using the combined signal.

Description

— \ — Method and apparatus for well-bore proximity measurement while drilling Full description

Invention background

This order makes use of US Order No. 15884949/17; Filed YY October 2010 which

Based on interest US Application No. GAEAYYY/VY filed August 1 00017 and each

© This disclosure generally relates to apparatus and methods for determining a distance with respect to an existing Wellbore ji crater

Previously and control drilling operations based on selection.

In LY drilling operations to produce chydrocarbon it is generally necessary

Drilling a second well in a definite relationship rue with the existing blister. An example of this is illustrated by Laie happening

blowout in the existing blister; There are two methods that can be used to control the explosion. Ve)gaa illustrates these methods in the use of surface explosives and fire isolation in smoldering Al

well 6000109. This procedure is fraught with risks and requires rapid control of the flow of hydrocarbons.

shydrocarbons warts. The second method is to drill an Ob borehole to intersect with the

Explosive blisters and pumping drilling mud into the blasted jad. This is not normal. The error

of half an would cause a deviation of approximately 7/.5a? meters (a ft) at a depth of Y..0 Vo km (1 ft) 0, a typical borehole is about Y cm (VY inches) in diameter

It is a small target in relation to the possible terror zone (hall).

The HAT situation where precision drilling is required is in extractive operations recovery

05 high school. For many reasons; The low pressure of formation or viscosity

Because of the high levels of hydrocarbons in the reservoir, production under natural conditions for Sling Sone Yo can be at uneconomically low rates. in those cases;

a

If the OB borehole is drilled to be substantially parallel to the existing drill bit Blo, fluid 10 as cell Carbon Dioxide (002) is injected into the formation from a second borehole and the injected fluids are pushed fluid The hydrocarbons in the formation towards the production borehole from where it can be extracted. © In Vay. Shell Oil's Exploratory Blower 1" 00 exploded in the Smackover region of 1,901 km (70,0000 ft); This is near the Piney Woods in Mississippi. This challenge led to the first direct intersection of a tubular pipe blowout using the acoustic detection method 80015116. Wireline instruments were developed to detect the proximity of pipes by measuring the distance and direction from the reliefwell 0 to the relief well. Casing exploded using noise from gas flow 101/109 in Ha exploded. accident; Electromagnetic methods have been used to determine the distance to the pre-existing casing well. Electromagnetic techniques fall into two categories (7). in the first category; Active ranging is indicated where an alternating current magnetic field source and a magnetic sensor are placed in the different wells. The source can be a solenoid solenoid placed in the production blister or electric current injected into the production jh housing. The magnetic field is measured by the current in the casing in the ji drilling well. The active range method could potentially provide good accuracy of measurements; In the second category are passive permutation techniques that do not require access to a pre-existing well while drilling a second one. The techniques typically use relatively strong magnetism induced in the Dall's envelope of Blu by the Earth's magnetic field. The signal going directly to the magnetic field represents The ground surface is a problem as it limits the accuracy of these measurements.The residual magnetism vo of the mantle leads to additional uncertainties.

Meh

The present disclosure shows an apparatus and method for determining the distance from a preexisting well in which access to all preexisting is not required and the direct effects of the Earth's magnetic field are minimized.

General description of the invention involves an embodiment of the present discovery in a method for determining the distance of a Jf Sia borehole from a second borehole. The time-varying magnetic field in the first hole-punch is produced by a magnet in the second hole-punch. Magnetization is produced in the magnetic object in the first hole. A coil was used in the second bore hole to produce an Hla signal responsive to the magnetic flux produced by the magnetization. That signal is used to estimate the distance. The magnetized object in the first hole could be packaging. The method may also include the use of an estimated distance to maintain the trajectory of the second drill bit in a desired relationship with the first drill hole. The desired relationship can be largely parallel or intersect. The method could involve sending a magnet onto a bottomhole assembly on a drilling tubular inside the second drill hole. The time variable field can be made by rotating the magnet largely comprising a substantially transversal VO magnet in the second drill hole at an initial rotational speed and the signal can be produced by rotating the coil synchronously with the magnet. The distance estimation process can include filtering a signal to remove the influence of the Earth's magnetic field. The Load method can include measurement of the first rotational speed and determination of a homogeneous component | A second harmonic component from a first spin speed and use the second harmonic component that was selected Yo to correct the signal. The method may also include measurement of an additional signal using a magnetic flux-responsive split coll and use of the additional signal as an indicator of the inclination between the first bore axis and the second hole axis. The first spin speed can be pretty much the same as the same spin speed from the down-hole assembly. The time-varying field can be produced by operating the polarization of a magnet induced by longitudinal magnetization to an extent

F

Co

Another form of detection involves a device to determine the distance from the first drill hole to the second drill hole. The device includes a magnet that is designed to transmit in the second drill hole

0 and the production of a time-varying magnetic field that includes the magnetization of a magnetized object in the first drill hole. A coil in the second drill hole is designed to produce a signal that responds to the magnetic flux generated by the magnetization. Processor Jide is designed to estimate distance using a signal. The magnetized object in the first hole punch can be a casing. The actuator can be designed to use a rated distance to maintain the path of the second borehole in a desired relationship with the path of the first borehole. maybe

0 The required relationship is largely parallel and/or intersecting. The rig can also include a lower drill bit assembly on a drill pipe that is designed to connect a magnet to a second drill bit. The magnet can be a rotating magnet with substantially crossed magnetization that is designed to rotate at an initial rotational speed and the coil is designed to rotate synchronously with the magnet. The actuator can also be designed to set a distance through additional filtering

aly slay 1 Effect of Earth's magnetic field. The Lad can include an accelerometer designed to measure rotational speed (AN) and the actuator can also be designed to select a second homogeneous component from a first rotational velocity and use the second homogeneous component for signal correction. The instrument may also include a splitter coil magnetic flux responsive

It is designed to produce an additional signal and the actuator can also be designed to use the additional signal

0 as an indicator of the inclination between the axis of the first borehole and the axis of the second borehole. The speed of the first spin can be very similar to the speed of the second spin in a down-hole assembly.

The device may include a switchable magnet having longitudinal magnetization to an extent

large in the second borehole that is designed to convert and produce a time varying field and a coil with an axis that is substantially longitudinal and is designed to produce

YO sign. The actuator can be designed such that the distance is estimated using sha from a signal that excludes to a limit

tovy

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Significant component of signal due to direct coupling of magnet and coil and largely exception to component of signal due to eddy currents in formation and body

The conductive body in the second drill hole. Another embodiment discloses a device providing distance determination between the first borehole and the second borehole and which in one embodiment comprises a rotating magnet a tool designed to be placed in a second borehole to produce a dike in a magnetic object in the first borehole; a first coil and a second coil positioned in the direction of the radius and substantially symmetrical with respect to the axis of the tool” the first coil provides a first signal and the second coil provides a second signal responding to the magnetic flux produced by the magnetization of the magnetized object in the first drill hole and a controller designed To merge

pla 0 first and second signal and determine the distance between the first QED and the second hole using a combined signal. Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for determining the distance between the first drill hole and the second drill hole which includes features of the device for determining the distance between the first drill hole and the second drill hole in one embodiment and which comprises a rotating magnet on a tool designed to be placed in Drill a second hole to induce magnetization in a second magnetized object in a hole

Ne first dig; A first coil and a second coil positioned in the direction of radius og in proportion to the axis of the tool and the first coil provides a first signal and the second coil provides a second signal responding to the magnetic flux generated by the magnetization of the magnetized object in the first bore hole and a control device is designed to combine the first signal and the second signal Determine the distance between the first drill bit and the second drill bit using the integrated signal.

computer—into a computer-readable medium Jal from detection AT involves an embodiment of -0 to be used with a device to determine the distance from the first borehole to the second readable medium borehole. The device includes a magnet designed to be connected in the second drill hole and produced in the first drill hole and induce magnetization in 11016 varying magnetic fields that change with time, a magnetized purpose in the first drill hole. The device also includes a coil in the second drilled hole that has been completed

YO was designed to produce a signal responsive to magnetic flux caused by magnetization. includes the middle

a

le medium An instruction that allows the operator to estimate the distance using a signal. The media can include ROM (Read-only memory) erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM); electrically erasable programmable (EEPROM) read -only memory©, flash memory and/or .optical disk

brief explanation of the drawings for a complete understanding of the current disclosure; The following detailed description of a preferred embodiment is indicated taking into account the accompanying drawings in which similar items are given similar numbers and in which:

0 Figure 1: A schematic illustration of a drilling system suitable for use with the present disclosure; Figure 7: shows a simplified design of a magnetometer, alas the coordinate system, used for calculations; Figure oF showing the azimuthal dependence of a signal in a sensor coil

¢sensor coil 10 Fig. 4: Schematic illustration of a rotational magnetometer implementation and instrument; Synchronized with the rotation of the magnetic coil

a

A — — Figure 7: Demonstrating an embodiment using a switchable magnetic field source; Figure 1: Time graphs of a switchable magnetic field | switchable magnetic field and transient responses (corresponding to the embodiment in Figure 6); © Figure iA shows the exact drilling of a second borehole and close to the production borehole

envelope Fig. 9: An embodiment of the 1189061-00 coil-magnet arrangement in the radial direction comprising two identical or substantially identical receiver coils symmetrically mounted on the magnet surface to estimate

0 the distance between the blister hole and adjacent drill holes; Figure Yo: Al z J gad shows the arrangement of a magnet coil in the direction of radius which includes two coils each of which also includes a pair of coils in the direction of radius each offset offset equally at two from the sides of the rotating magnet; Figure No. 11: shows magnetic flux in the receiver coil as a function

10 For the axial offset of the receiver coil, Ally, it is a function of the distance between the coil and the enclosure comprising an offset of five (0) meters. Figure No. 11: shows an embodiment of the HAT from the magnet and the arrangement of the coils as it includes three coils from the receiver then placed at a distance equal to ¢ and

a

q — — Figure 11: illustrates a HAT embodiment of a hybrid coil design that includes six identical or substantially identical receiver coils forming two pairs of ©-axis or three pairs of measurements in the radius direction. Detailed Description: Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the 01 drilling system with the 01 001150109 drilling string bearing the 900 drilling assembly (also called the bottom hole assembly or; BHA ) which is carried in a “butter drill” or “hole bore” 776 for GE blistering drilling. The drilling system 01 comprises a ground-built conventional derrick 11 drilling rig 11 that carries a table Rotary 04 rotary table that rotates via a 0 prime mover such as an electric motor (not shown) at a rotational speed The 71 drill string includes tubes such as a YY drill pipe or dale tubing 001160-09 extending down from the surface and into the VT borehole the 010 drill string is pushed into the YT bore when the YY drillpipe is used as a tube. A tubing injector is used like the injector 0 (not shown), though it moves the tubing from a Jie reel source (not shown) with a 776 drill bit. .it M. Attachment of 506 drill bit dal) with end of drill chain which detaches from Laie geological formations rotates in order to drill bore hole 77. If VY drill pipe is used then drill string 0 7 is coupled With 1 drawworks through a ribbed bond YY Kelly joint, 0 axis YA Kelly joint, YA line through the YY pulley, and during drilling operations, the Vo draw works to control the Weight on a drill bit which is an important parameter fin on penetration The operation of drag is well known in the art and therefore not described in detail here. a

“ym

YY (source) mud pit During drilling operations, the appropriate drilling fluid is circulated 1? From splashing mud via mud pump 01 into the drill pipe chain channel under pressure through channel 01 into the YE drill pipe chain drilling fluid from ye YE mud pump 71. and the ribbed joint YA fluid line and fluid line 71 desurger through the damper dates through the hole in #1 at the low part of the drill hole TY drilling fluid discharge © drilling fluid from the hole through the space Uphole Drilling fluid rotates 1? At the top .©0 engraving ddl

VY and due to the mud blasting YT and the drill hole 01 and between the drill chain YY annular space to 50 5?. The drilling fluid lubricates the drill bit return line through the return line preferably placed .50 away from the drill bit hips or cutting carries crumbly drilling fluid which provides information on the flow rate in The in-line YA fluid 51 sensor 0 53 sensor and sensor 52 surface torque sensor The surface torque sensor provides flow rate and torque, respectively, information about the torque 01 associated with the drill string with the bit drilling. additionally; A sensor (not shown) associated with line 79 is used for .01 drill string hook load provides hook load 1 in one embodiment of play) drill bit 50 rotates by rotating only drill pipe 77 in Another embodiment of the present disclosure A downhole motor 00 (Mud motor) is placed in drill assembly 90 so that it turns drill bit © 0 and drill bit Sale YY is driven to provide rotational power If required and to make changes in drilling direction 0 in the embodiment in Fig. 1, the mud motor 00 is coupled to the drill bit 90 through a drive shaft (not shown) which is placed on the bearing assembly 07. The mud motor turns the drill bit 0 when drilling fluid 1? passes through the mud motor 00 under pressure. The bearing assembly OF carries the forces in the direction of Radius and axial direction of drill bit The 0A stabilizer is paired with the F stand assembly

-11- For the downhole part of the centralizer mud motor assembly which acts as a concentrating medium 51 .mud motor assembly 4e drilling sensor module in one of the detection embodiments; There is a drilling sensor module “Sensors” The drilling sensor module contains; On 0.0 sensors near the drill bit algorithms and processing software dallas and circuitry software © these variables include dynamic drilling parameters stick=slip. and the sliding of the rod bounce towards preferred le parameters, shocks and torques Drilling and rotation assembly 20181007 backwards; and torque from other measurements ye sacceleration and acceleration measurements annulus drill hole and annular space appropriate or telemetry telemetry provide telemetry wad a the state of the drill bit. 0 two methods of telemetry are done; The drill sensor module processes information 0.001 as described in the drill assembly surface control and transmits it to the sensor information YY telemetry system Through the telemetry system 56 unit

Va and YA power unit (VY) VO connectivity features Flex subs LY flex subs are used in tandem with the Measurement-while 4L drill string —drilling (MWD) in connection of a Measuring While Drilling (JE) tool These subs and tools are a 90 bottom hole drill assembly between the JE 90 series. The drill assembly comes in many sizes including the 900 gauge. 0 and drill bit 01 drill while drilling pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance Yo and measurements and transmit signals pulsed on signals VY communications submarine gets YT drill to be processed with down processor (Jl) using two-way telemetry; eg

Ae The hole in the drill assembly also has a 0 processor or surface control unit The surface control unit receives signals from other downhole sensors and 51-53 means and sensors and other Yo-sensors

-117- These signals are processed according to the commands that have been programmed 01 Others used in the system The fe control unit provided to the surface control unit displays programmed instructions Other information on the required drilling parameters and other information 00 Surface to control the operator by pA ¢Y display /monitor or computer 00 Engraving operations. Preferably the surface control unit includes a microprocessor processing system processing system data recorder or 00065 and programs programs for storing programs memory Preferably configure the control unit data logging peripherals” and other diel peripherals specified operating conditions other than Laie; alarms To activate alarms ¢ + control unit handler at downhole; Sensor assembly for configuration evaluation Wal or not required. The system includes 0 This can be located at any suitable position on the .006018100 sensor and an orientation sensor. Downhole assembly on YoY permanent magnet section oY permanent magnet to Gs figure is indicated by reference in the secondary well. The magnet is magnetized in the manner Ye) drill collar section shown by 17?. The well casing in flUX is transversely denoted using the VO coordinate axes and 2 as shown in the x coordinate axes coordinated by 705. The coordinate axes are the coil rotates synchronously .717 in the collar section file. Provide bushing section WY shaped by using magnets; But the magnet-coil combination does not need to be synchronized with the rotation of the drill bushing: this can be done by the presence of the magnet-coil combination on the sleeve The rotating magnet generates a changing magnetic field at the magnetic target such as the sleeve Yo this induces The variable magnetic field magnetization in the shell which at 0. for the pre-existing well Yoo 7. 11 opposite; Generates a variable magnetic flux which is captured by the rotating coil The magnetic field generated by the magnet at the target pustule position can be approximated by 0101m: dipole dipole point formula a

— \ — m i _113(h.7) MAGNET — dr TS = Ey \ ( 3 where Pu is the dipole moment of the magnet and 7 is the distance from the center of the magnet to a point On the shell (Yeo) when magnet 0807 rotates in an XY surface with angular velocity (0), then (Y) Dy =D, [ cos (wt)é, +sin(ot)e, |s where 2 and 2 are unit vectors in the x= and -la directions respectively dla can be written as the sensitivity of the rotating coil (the magnetic field produced by the coil rotated by a unit current current is as follows: A 5. _ Sco = — H poner Pum 9 ( ¢ SO is the sensitivity function of the coil and 4007 is the effective area of the coil. The rotating magnet generates variable magnetism in the shell. The magnetism induces a changing magnetic flux in the coil. Based on the reciprocal creciprocity fae the corresponding voltage can be expressed as: A ~ d Ho a | [M casio (r.0)-Scon (7, = CASING VOLUME (5) where Mame is the magnetism (Ll) and Soom is the sensitivity function of the coil. In the equation (;) the sensitivity soon can be considered as a function slowly varying through the cross-sectional area of the jacket. Consequently; We can enter a magnetic average through the cross-section area of the casing in the form of: a

- ¢ \ - الم 5 1 5 xe _ 2 ° HYSONER 7 (7,51) + (Ahmoor_Mamerir 77 for XE (F, T) DS Mama Fo 1 [M = MM (M CASING CROSS _ SECTION (°)” where “-724 Here” represent the effective magnetic influences in the direction perpendicular to and parallel to the shell axis respectively; ©4680 is the effective area of the shell; and “represents points along the axis As a result of the shape of the jacket, the following simplification can be used: Herz >> soh and this gives, for coil voltage, the equation: A d IN dr, | 0, 7 Veo = Ho Xe" Acasine Pn 4 CASING _ LENGTH ( 1). This leads to the approximate result m CA oD. - 3. Vip = Ho Xe CASING : corr * Pm : 0500 1) 7 6477 71) 0 here is 40516 Ble for the cross-sectional area of the casing. For practical values 2 0117 = ACASING 00161 mt n = oYsec-1; Yo." + Y=ACOIL mb 1011.1. = pm ampere mL and separation between wells Aa 'a 11 = r()() voltage amplitude $A=Vm nV In the case where thermal noise is in The file and the noise of the tribal amplifier preamplifier The only 1 sources of noise for the signal-to-noise ratio per 1 second measurement and the time is expected to be about LY if 0-0 ca then 17521/07 microvolts. It is important to note in equation (V) that the voltage induced in the rotating coil by the rotating magnetization, sally of the casing has a frequency which is twice the rotational frequency of the magnet/spool assembly. This means that it is easy to separate the measured proximity signal Ye from the parasitic signal induced in the rotating coil due to the geomagnetic field. The interfering signal has a frequency equal to the rotational frequency of the magnet/coil. a

C \ — The main sources of error in measurement techniques are due to the presence of some second chime in the rotating assembly of the magnet/coil. In this case; The magnetic signal associated with the Earth's magnetic field appears at frequency 20 and thus leads to a false signal 501710105 as the expected proximity signal. Fortunately, the presence of the component 20) in the rotational speed can be assessed using a tachometer and then the data can be used to remove the false signal from the measurement results. The second harmonic signal is easy to calculate from the accelerometer's output; Known value and direction of geomagnetic field and borehole inclination and azimuth measurements A gyro survey may be required to obtain the borehole Al and azimuth. Figure shows? Asymmetric dependence of the voltage on the rotating coil YY using a reference voltage \) 1 - 05020 mH : 0 synchronized with the rotation of the magnet/coil; The following expression can be written for the voltage on the winding YAY zym + 1 -cos[2(@ma h x 0) Here 70 is the azimuth of the envelope with respect to the secondary broadcast. Accordingly, the phase of the signal on the winding is Wiles 711 For the azimuth position of the envelope Yeo with respect to the ull Yo subordinate Jo) the figure is; A schematic diagram showing the implementation of a rotational magnetometer The magnetometer includes a 510 motor that drives the magnet and coil YY The signal is transmitted from the 711 call to the low noise preamplifier 4 through Sie adapter Lidl Sliding rings 4097. Savings 0 is achieved to remove slays 20 interfering generated by the geomagnetic field in the presence of rotational disturbances disturbances [201811008: signals from tachometer 511 and motor drive 07 To remove parasitic signals from the measurement data. For this purpose, the controller 0+ of converters of analog values is also used.

-?1- to digital values 808109-10-09118 417 417 £14” and a digital signal processor (0)£ and a variable gain amplifier £14. Those skilled in the art benefiting from the present disclosure will realize that it is sufficient for the YAY coil to be able to respond to a component of the magnetic flux due to induced magnetization which is tangential with respect to axis 2. The configuration of the YAY coil shown in Figure YY is merely a device which leads to the provision of an appropriate signal; But it is one of the best designs out there. In principle an inclined planar coil can be used on the low bore assembly with the axis of the coil inclined on axis 2. For a cad on magnet yo) the signal will be at its greatest level when the axis of the coil is transverse For axis 2. Similarly, the magnet does not have to be a cylindrical magnet tangentially magnetized as shown at .7010. This method will work (af) less efficiently using a bar magnet whose magnetization direction has Parallel axis component <. Those of skill in the art and those benefiting from the present disclosure will also realize that a longitudinal coil spaced axially from the magnet 700 can be used to receive the proximity signal generated by the 1 variable Z component of the shell magnetization. FIGURE © An example of an embodiment of the technique using a pair of differently connected auxiliary coils VV rotating synchronously with the magnet/coil assembly The auxiliary coil of the assembly is non-parallel sensitive US ie the output will be zero if the two drill holes are parallel. Any differential pair of files will be th Asymmetrically placed congruent 0 is sensitive to the Direct current (DC) magnetization of the envelope (provides additional proximity information) and is insensitive to the Earth's magnetic field. This is particularly useful when drilling the secondary wart is required to intersect with the pre-existing ll. An important feature of the rotational magnetometer described above is that the source of the magnetic field which produces various magnetizations in the magnetosphere does not induce any direct signal in the YY-spinning Y-coil synchronously. This makes the induction method using the source and the sensor coil a

-11- Another way to remove the direct field signal in the use of Jaa placed in one of the wells is feasible. The magnetometer includes a source 1 showing the figure a magnetic core 107 switching coil a switchable magnetic field with a switching coil (symmetric lines field on 11 magnetic field source bucket_.01© magneticcore © preferred That the core Yo shown 107) when the target shell magnetic sal 605 is placed on a magnetic material with residual magnetization. Residual magnetization is used to provide a strong magnetic dipole without the need for DC current to run the shunt coil and cause significant energy loss if a strong magnetic field needs to be generated (the use of residual magnetization magnetic material is described in the field source The switchable strong magnetic in order 0 is shown that the magnetic core has a magnet.) US Patent No. 07.5848/11 pending. Switching the current in the coil reverses the magnetization in the magnetic core and changes the magnetic dipole moment. after the reversal of magnetization is completed; The current is removed and the direction is kept steady-state phase Ua (phase in the new Bl of the magnetic dipole of the material magnetic hysteresis due to the magnetic hysteresis of the antenna dipole Vo used With the magnetic core The meter also includes the magnetic material the magnetometer to capture a variable magnetic flux produced by the magnetization of the 09 Joh magnetic coil also includes a Tro sheath transient that occurs in response to a magnetization shift in the magnetic core and the signal is The induced in this coil is sensitive (TY) magnetometer on a transverse coil when the secondary Yo) bushing rotates all of the casing relative to the azimuthal position of the azimuthal position - 0 pits. Time plots of the switchable magnetic field and responses The transient in 1 is illustrated by the polarity conversion of magnetization 17007 Coil 09. The switchable magnetic field is generated by turning the polarity conversion coil The residual Teo polarity conversion is achieved in the magnetic core

Yo) short of electrical current pulses 107 Yo a

M1- The 19005 veo Decaying signals (transient signals) are generated in Coil 105 in response to the rapid switching or changing the polarity of the magnetic field "Static 518116". The signals are correlated by direct coupling between the source and the sensing coil (transient at Veo) the signal as a result of eddy currents in the surrounding rock formations © and the conductive bushing of the drill string (connective body) placed in the blister Yo (transient at 709)” and the proximity signal due to the variable magnetization of the magnetosphere Yoo (transiting at 7049). It is important for the method that the proximity signal 109 is significantly longer than the unwanted signals 1705 and 7097. It is evident from that the time constant of transient decay is proportional to the effective magnetic permeability of the magnetic conductor Y . is also sinusoidal variation. The following expression for the time constant can be used to set the mean magnetization (PIA) of the casing [see eg Polivanov, K.M.

Electrodinamika JUL [veshchestvennykh sred, 1988 Yo pu-oc of 0 0) is the wall thickness of the shell; // phe is the magnetic LIEN; which is about 001 for a typical material cal and “is the conductivity of the casing material. The process of building up the magnetic flux in the coil 109 is exponential with a time constant specified in 0 equation (01). With a time that is approximately equal to the time constant of the casing magnetization process, all The transient factors will decay to a large extent. Accordingly, by measuring the signal in the time window (VY) starting from the dimensional time compared with the time constant of the shell magnetization construction (VY time window), the individual Removes all unwanted signals. The time constant required for direct coupling is sae order .7001 in one embodiment; Yo pails the space in the window as a distance indicator. The appropriate calibration is specified.

-?F1- Processes due to eddy current in the conductive surroundings in the range of 1-001 microseconds. The signal from the magnetosphere should last approximately 10 - 510 milliseconds. Consequently; The practical acquisition window can be set between 1 ms and 50 ms. Those skilled in the art and the beneficiaries of the present disclosure will realize that it suffices that the magnet have a longitudinal component and the coil is oriented so that it is responsive to changes in the magnetic flux in the longitudinal direction. Figure A shows an embodiment of detection in secondary extractions. The producing blister hole 871 has been drilled in the separator of the 800 reservoir containing hydrocarbons. For many reasons; ie low formation pressure or high viscosity of hydrocarbons in the reservoir; The production under 0 natural conditions of hydrocarbons can be at uneconomically low rates. in those cases; A second 877 seeding pit is drilled; Typically shaped like a lateral bore of the 8700 blister bore to be closely parallel to the tank's main fl bore. The produced blistering hole is typically encapsulated with a casing 0 87 which has perforations 4 87. The fluid is then injected as water; Carbon Dioxide ; Or steam in the formation through the secondary wellbore AYY and the fluid 1) daa pushes the hydrocarbons in the formation towards the producing bore Jl 4701 where it can be recovered. Such an operation requires the precise positioning of the secondary drill hole 877 close to the 87 0 production warp. This can be done by monitoring the field voltages. As can be seen from equation (7); The voltage varies inversely. Jie is the fifth power of the distance. Accordingly, voltage measurements (Lo) can be used as relative distance indicators based on 0 - voltage changes; or with a suitable designation as absolute distance indicators. Adjacent pustules or pitting pits. In this embodiment 9060 Coil or Yo (AVY device ald) includes two 510 AVY coils which are located identically or identically to the vy winding.

significantly (fixed or placed) near; or around the centerline of magnet 0707 and/or drill sleeve .700 The radial magnetic field or flux 771 from the magnet Yor magnetizes the offset well casing 05 LY magnetic flux 777 is received from the casing 0015 By both TONY and 19197b. This formation can increase; In some aspects of the received signal © and increases the size of the rotary magnet//coil assembly. This compact size coil/magnet assembly can be mounted on the drill bit or above the drill bit and below (down the hole) the mud motor. in the sides; This equipment is more required than magnet/coil coupling on the drill sleeve because in high stick-slip conditions the rotational speed (Adal yo) of the drill can induce a large interfering noise. By using the magnet/coil assembly on the bit it is still possible for the magnet/coil assembly to rotate at nearly constant speed using a mud motor. Pulling the Sl drill bit up the hole or backwards can be advantageous because the drill bit is not in contact with the bottom of the borehole. The 9060 formation continuously provides the distance between the drill sleeve and the casing 715 while drilling the second drill hole and these measurements can be used

To monitor the position of the second drill hole relative to the first drill bit. anil Vo The distance between the drill sleeve (Yo) and the casing (Fl Yeo) from the center of the drill 710 to the casing center); The signals are measured from both files 714a and 117b. The differential signals between coils 197a and 119b are obtained during rotation of the drill vey because the Earth's magnetic field is spatially inhomogeneous while the signal from the rotary magnetization of the casing is spatially inhomogeneous; The interfering signal from 0 Earth's magnetic field is largely removed from the differential signals; This results in a large portion of the signal from the casing's rotational magnetization for further processing. The control at the bottom hole and/or at the surface can be used to process the coil signals to determine the distance between the bores. The control device can be a microprocessor based on the circuit and includes memory devices and programmed commands to determine the distance. These circuits are known in the art and are not described tovy yy

T2 in more detail here. The distance from the center of the coil to the center of the casing is shown as “L”, while the distance between the bushing and casing surfaces is shown as “L”. Which includes 2 coils and each 0001 for magnet fitting - Coil HAT embodiment 01 The figure shows a file that also contains a pair of files; and is evenly displaced radially containing 0101 A first coil 0001 is placed at either side of the magnet rotation 707. In embodiments © "1" and 50100b for a distance TY 0) a first pair of identical coils or highly identical 01017 ?a and the second coil 17 is placed on one end 1am ?07 from the center of the magnet away from the second end dl at distance GY VY TOY containing a second pair of Coils are identical or substantially identical to B001017 and TY VY of magnet 07 7. Coils are B00" Two pairs of coils are half 00001 on that in embodiment sly) Vo sve Coils 0 diagonal; offset both at sides for rotating magnet The magnet/coil structure provides two analogues for sleeve measurements (one corresponding to each pair) Differentials can be used in 01 based on this 7 .05 can be made for sleeve 7 10 distances and also To determine the angle of the drill sleeve pass Use this configuration intermittently when drilling is paused (eg when tilting or tilting the Yeo sleeve and casing 710 adding drill pipe sections) to determine the angle between the drill sleeve Vo The exact angle, the relative angle or the Yeo for the casing 700 drill can thus be used Laie the dimple to actuate or direct the next drill section; axially offset from the magnet?”10, the signal in the 0107 and 0015 receiver coils will generally be lower than the signals in the B01117, B00105, and Vive receiver coils; On the axial displacement. Ung depends Gla because the voltage of the receiver coil GY, IY the receiver is 0 This means that the efficiency of this modulation will decrease with increasing axial displacement. indicated by magnetic flux lines is not homogeneous not only on about half of the 005 magnetic field from the magnetosphere showing Yo diagonally from the 705 shell but also axially along the direction parallel to the sheath

YAY or 711 at receiver 111011 for magnetic field 01011 Fig. 11 Yo tovy yy as a function of axial displacement of the receiver; That is, (two meters in this case) between the receiver and the rotating magnet (displacement of Yeo and the casing 700 while the distance between the bushing of the excavator 01 shown in Figure YY the casing) is five (0) meters. For example The magnetic flux of the receiver is at 855//A, while the magnetic flux 11- 67.760 is 1111 zero axial displacement based on (Webb - 87.449 os) VE of the receiver at an axial displacement of two (. 7) meter by meter © that; By taking the differential signals between a pair of receivers at these two positions, it provides from the remaining envelope signal; which is characteristically larger than the signal (967.75) of the radial signal 9671. OY is modulated specific for Fig. AY is modulated as an illustration coaxial coil 11. Figure on bushing 1117 and 111 971 shows the installation Three identical or highly identical receiver coils 0 with magnet 111” with equal spacings? The center coil (Yo) rig is arranged offset on one side of magnet 707 and coil 1111 while the rotating YT coil is on the other side. Two sets of differential signals can be generated between two pairs of 1111 coils and used to determine the distance as well as the relative angle between the bushing 171/17 and the 11/1

Jeo and casing Ye) rig Yo in that there is no physical restriction on displacement 11 in Figure 1701. The benefit of coaxial formation between coils is; Whereas for the radial design the displacement is determined by the radial gradiometer diameter of the drill bushing so the effectiveness of the vibration radial gradiometer cannot be very high. The disadvantage may be that bending 0600109/LI 00/015009 the vibration of the rig bushing can present a relatively strong interfering noise when the coils are axially separated. result 0 therefore; It can be more difficult to balance the magnetic moments of coils for axial forming than for radial forming. There is an OF in the specific formation of the figure .0101 an illustrative hybrid coil formation VY showing the figure with Yo bushing Excavator on 1" 117 and 115 117 Three closely matched receiver coils Equal Spacing 03. It is indicated that each coil setup includes a pair of identical coils or YO tovy

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highly matched. For example; Coil includes 107 pairs (ITI SFI) Coil 111 includes pair 0 FY 51 1111b Coil 11117 includes SITY pair 717 ab. Middle coil 1011 is arranged with the rotating magnet YoY when Coil 111 has We on one side of magnet 707 and Coil 1117 on the other © Two sets of different signals can be generated between coil pairs 717/1715 and 77/917171 and are used to determine the distance as well as the relative angle between the bushing of the excavator Yo) and envelope Yeo These measurements provide measurements for both radial and axial profiles. For example; When differential signals are obtained; Coil pairs 11 and 1719 cI 15991b/11a and 7111b can be observed as three radial configurations as shown in Fig. 4. 0 However; when aggregating the signals from each pair; The three files 713 1319 and 7111 will

function as a pivot formation; As shown in Figure AY Although files such as files 0101, 7010, 11, and 5101 are shown to have two files; Two or more different files and metrics that are appropriate for the purposes of the current list can be used. Also the aly) from the magnet to coils Vo can be different. Additionally, compact designs 0010/7 or other designs can provide more options for combinations of measurements so that tool performance can be optimized for drilling circumference in the coil designs shown in Figure 7 and Figure ©; The rotating magnetic from the second borehole produces a time-varying magnetic field in the first borehole. A 0 - coil is then used in the second drill hole to produce a signal responsive to the magnetic flux generated by the casing magnetization from the first drill hole. Since the signal induced by the spinning magnet from the encapsulation has a frequency more than twice the frequency of the spinning from the magnet/coil assembly, the measured signal is largely separated from the parasitic signal in the spinning coil as a result of the Earth's magnetic field, which is At a frequency equal to the frequency of the magnet/rotational frequency. YO though; Mostly the speed of the magnet assembly/rotation assembly is preferably tovy

_— ¢ \ _ Thus the parasitic signal from the Earth's magnetic field can have a spectral component equal to twice the rotation frequency of the Earth of the magnet/coil assembly. Said parasitic signal cannot be removed through a frequency-band filter and may remain as the main source of noise 6 in the final result. © The coil designs shown in Figures 9 can reduce; 01, 1, and 1 of the parasitic sign

of the Earth's magnetic field and thus improve the noise-to-signal ratio with respect to the measurement. And in those designs; The receiver coil with substantially equal components are mounted either in the direction of radius, symmetrically, or offset axially along the length of the drill. The magnetic components of the receiver coils may be concentrated at (near) or similarly

0 surface or real-time downhole calibration. Differential signal processing is done between a pair of receivers in terms of estimating the distance and angle between two holes or objects. Since the Earth's magnetic field is partially homogenous, the parasitic signal from the Earth's magnetic field in two very typical receiver coils is substantially equal and can therefore be omitted. oy, however, is a signal that is induced by magnetization

1 The rotation of the packaging is not completely canceled due to the inhomogeneity of the space. Thus, by taking differential measurements into account, the noise from the geomagnetic field is largely removed while a significant part of the signal remains from the magnetic encapsulation for processing. Thus the signal is improved by the ars noise from the final measurement. An example of signal-to-noise ratio optimization is provided below.

0 when the receiver coils are assembled with the rotating magnet; The approximate result of the receiver voltage takes the following form: 0,6 + Vier (8) = V, sin(wt) + V.sin(Qwt) where (11) and Ve = wAcon, and

tovy

C \ — 045117640011170 2*4 77,72 45Uo a 1" Ve 204812 SS ( ) where: Sle V, is the amplitude of the signal from the homogeneous magnetic field of Earth B,; © Hla, is about the signal amplitude of the rotational magnetization of the target encapsulation of the continuous magnet in the drilled bore that has a strong spatial gradient; and Ble is about the angle between the magnetic field vector ia SU and the carrier points From the well being induced to the target casing protruding on the surface which is perpendicular to the surface of the receiver coils; 0 is She py for tvacuum permeability and 4 Kopp is magnetic latency of the casing being 4 Ble is a cross-sectional area of the sheathing; and mm4 is a specific area of the receiver ala ¢ is ,,,0 is the magnetic moment of a rotating magnet; VO is the frequency (gol) of the magnet/coil assembly; is 1 is the distance between the rotating magnet and the sheath 12 is the distance between the sheath and the receiver coil Assuming the magnet 7007 is symmetric about the drill sleeve yo) rl does not vary during rotation n. If the distance between the center of the drill bushing yo) and the casing Veo is five (0) oud then the diameter of the drill bushing 1 is 11 cm and therefore 2 differs greatly from the range m + yo mouth Where the receiver coil rotates with the sleeve of the drill.In the design in the direction of the radius, a coil is installed

_a\_substantially identical coils on opposite sides of the drill sleeve in a regular manner in the direction of the radius and the signals from the two coils are grouped differently. According to equation number OY, the remainder fe of the variable in 12 is approximately -3 . 963.75 from the signal file. Assuming that the magnetic moment from the receiver coils has been calibrated to vary between OB 961 0 the amplitude of the Fe signal from the geomagnetic field is now only 961 from the A signal coil. In short, for a special case, and by using a kind of progressive scaling from the measurements, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by a factor around Tove. In a coaxial design, the difference in voltages of two windings can be expressed as: et + gp x time2 — w(t) = Vege (8 - Vopr (8 = wd, (8; {LY)

(Or) 0 an 11 where is | It is an axial offset between the magnet and the receiver coil. The equation showed that the signals generated by the geomagnetic field are removed by differential measurements from two of the signals while the important part of the encapsulation signal remains for processing. The amplitude (assuming 11) of the signal can be specified at different axial displacements; it can be determined from Fig.

(2 TTI Jud) Sabel Vo Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved through good calibration with respect to coil torque by using a drill sleeve with a larger diameter. It is also possible for the receiver magnet ces to be implemented such that 21 in phase differs from 2© during rotation but this generally leads to a smaller total torque Jl with respect to the magnet and thus a lower signal strength.

Yo Data processing can be done by a downhole processor to give highly accurate metrics in real time. The inclusion in the means of control and processing of usage data by means of a computer program on a medium that can be read and provides to the processor how to implement, control and process. The readable media Is through al can include read-only memory, erasable ROM 9, electronic ROM, flash memories, and optical discs.

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l Although the previous disclosure was directed to preferred incarnations of the current disclosure; There will be many modifications visible to those skilled in the field. It is intended to include all variable images within the scope and protection of the claims covered by the previous disclosure. FPL Sequence: “7 to lifters B” 51 SY the 0 53 »© lifters Vo 46 control unit BE IEE Wa w2 oy IS m “hay lai 10; ADC 48 Gain 0; DSP 8 controller 4 accelerometer for rotation sisal £0) 0 0 6 motor drive h’ _ field from magnetosphere ‘i’ . field from rotating magnet ‘j’. Drilling mud “Yo kk” 01 “l” magnetic flux of the receiver against the inclined vertical dimension tovy

“m” the magnetic flux at the receiver (./10) n” _ the inclined vertical dimension (m) “s” D2 D3 ta tovy

Claims (1)

—vq- protection elements -1 method for determining the distance between a first borehole and a second borehole; The method includes: 0 magnetization induction of a magnetic object in the first borehole; 0 (b) produce a first signal and a second signal, each responding to a magnetic flux produced by the magnetization of the magnetic object respectively using a first coil and a second coil in the second borehole; and (c) aggregate the first signal and the second signal to reduce the influence of the magnetic field from combined signal 000510280; 0 and 6 Estimate the distance between the first borehole and the second borehole using the combined signal ". - method Gy of the protection element 0) where magnetization involves the use of 1 rotating magnet 10181109 in the second borehole. ?"- method Gy of the oF protector wherein the first coil and the second coil are positioned radially symmetrically to the axis in the second borehole. coils of claim 7; Where the first |6001 file includes a first pair of coils, Gy ?;- method 0 coil, and the file includes magnet placed at a first distance along the axis of the magnet at a second distance along the axis of the second coils A second pair of files a for —o method according to the claim ;; It involves setting an angle between the first borehole and the second borehole using the specified distance between the first borehole and the second borehole and the locations of the first coil and the second coil. 0 +- method under protection 0 where the first coil and the second coil are identical to a great extent. -1 method for determining the distance between a first borehole and a second borehole; The method includes: (a) magnetization of a magnetic target in the first drill hole; 0 (b) The production of a first signal and a second signal, each of which responds to a magnetic flux produced by the magnetization of the magnetic object, respectively, using a first coil, a second coil, and a third coil In the second drill hole, tborehole, and (c) assembling the first signal and the second signal to produce a fourth signal, which is largely free from the influence of the magnetic field 018906001610 of the Earth, and assembling the first signal and the third signal to produce earth's fifth signal which is largely free from the influence of Earth's magnetic field Vo «magnetic field and second using the first borehole and borehole estimate the distance between the drilled hole 6 the fifth. signal 0 bore hole inclination which includes defining the oF for the protection element Gy Method -8 2nd for the 1st drill hole using the estimated distance between the 1st and 2nd drill holes and the spacing of the 3rd coil. coil between the file a “yy trajectory includes maintaining the path Cus oF of the protective element Gy Method 4 - the second using borehole drilling the second borehole drilling the borehole required for the second borehole drilling the first borehole and borehole Drilling borehole gall Estimated distance between holes magnetic field Magnetic field induction includes Sua oF of protection element Ga, method -01 © 5011000016 on the bottom hole assembly rotating magnet on the use of a rotating magnet used for drilling The second hole assembly, where the production of the first signal, the second signal, and the oF signal of the protection element Ey The method -11 is largely identical in the second drilling hole, the third rotating coils, on the use of rotation coils 0 to produce the first signals the second and the third. A device for determining the distance between a first drilled hole and a second drilled hole; Where it includes: 1 borehole on a tool that is configured to be placed in the drilling hole rotating magnet 01890861281100 in the magnetic target 01890861281107 in the first drilling hole Vo; a second borehole placed radially symmetrical with respect to the associated axis COI first coil and second signal coil first coil signal first signal and the coil provides the second drill hole; The coil provides the magnetization resulting from the magnetic flux a second responding to the magnetic flux in the first drilling hole; The magnetic object (the magnetic target _- 0) the first controller and the signal (controller) are configured to collect the signal (the controller (collected control method) (LEY) the second and determine the distance between the first drill hole and the second drill hole using the combined signal. The second with the degree of the first coil and the coil where the coil VY of the protective element Gy of the device VY Yo axis rotates simultaneously around the A axis DZD 64- The device according to the OY claim, where the first coil includes a first pair of coils placed at a first distance along the axis of the magnet, and the second coil includes a second pair of coils at a second distance on Extension of the axis of the magnet. -1#© Device according to protection VY where cONtroller is further configured to determine the angle of the second borehole relative to the first borehole using the combined signal (Gy lead). 5- For protection element VY where coil 1 and coil 0 are closely matched. -117 Apparatus of claim OY wherein the magnet and the first and second coils are placed in a bottomhole assembly formed for use in drilling the second borehole 9. Vo - the device according to the protection element VY, where the magnet and the first and second coils are placed at a location chosen from a group consisting of: on or in the edrill bit between the drill bit and the drill motor ¢drilling motor uphole sia Drilling motor V4 0 Device Gy of protection element VY where the first coil ald and the second coil are placed radially on the magnet The device additionally includes: a third coil and a fourth coil located approximately radially at a first distance relative to the magnet stmaghet and Yo a fifth coil and wale coil located approximately half diagonal at a second distance from the magnet 11801761; and where the controller determines the distance between the second borehole py relative to the second borehole and the angle of the first borehole and the first borehole to the sixth. The first coils using the signals from the two borehole coils include: dua :001/100 assembly bore assembly -00 in a magnetization target configured to induce magnetization Magnet © count; at least Wis magnetic object where at least one of the two coils includes a pair of identical coils two coils ¢drilling assembly on a member of the substantially located Slide Drilling Assembly Control means +6a00010. It is configured to determine the distance between the target and the drilling assembly. controller Where the controller oY + of the guard Gy determines the device -71 with respect to the target axis. drilling assembly — Ad ¢ — # A A Allah £ Y Ny m | : ove oes, | id b i LY , i 1 > 3 | 1 H 3 [JF ett SE Y go PERN 2 b 2 1 11 ss i VAAN Woo for i a ANN i te 1 ZZ 53 as Yi, to To “any AL ARTY I Vogl! 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