SA111320529B1 - Pressure Transducer - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure transducer for making measurements at high pressures comprising a housing and a piezoelectric resonator inside the housing, wherein the resonator comprises a double-rotating piezoelectric material prepared or designed to vibrate in the fundamental tone for dual modes of fast and slow thickness-shear vibrations.

Description

? Pressure transducer Full Description Background This application is a partial application of Application No. 87507944 which was filed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on [YY 4 H corresponding to ce Yeh JY / 1 The present disclosure relates to Pale transducers pressure transducers More info dass Some of the features disclosed in this application relate to pressure sensors that are suitable for use in oilfield wells or pipelines usually have piezoelectric pressure and temperature sensors on a Jah crystal lung housing with electrodes; Environmental pressure and temperature are transmitted to the housed jue Tesonator Salt; Changes in the ringing device are sensed and used to interpret 0 temperature and/or pressure. US Pat. 3719/7780 Ya describes a piezoelectric pressure transducer. In conventional devices called single-mode transducers that use a single-mode vibration: the resonance device is affected by both temperature and pressure to such an extent that Jia these devices may not be suitable for use in environments where both temperature and pressure. Ve One method used to reduce irregularities in pressure measurements is the use of resonators with dual-mode oscillation. US Patents Disclosure Nos. 4418 and 7141; and 744345 are examples of these pressure transducers. Nevertheless; The transformer geometry of such resonance devices tends to be relatively more complex o-ov and tends to be larger due to the manufacturing process. The stress applied to the transformer may result in; to the kinking of materials or the formation of cracks in oil or gas wells in some cases; Like oil or gas wells. pressure transducer is small and may damage the pressure transducer

Sell) Lad) which uses pressure transducers What pressure transducers are used Sale in the aforementioned 0 single-mode oscillation thickness shear vibrations © these cases; Although the geometry of single-mode transformers may be simpler than Jie; However, such transducers provide data of dual-mode transducers with only pressure, and thus temperature data must be obtained from a relatively independent means of sensing the degree of Un temperature, preferably close to the transducer that makes the process Condensation temperature This data is inaccurate. Vs As will be seen from the following description and explanation; The present invention at least overcomes these disadvantages and presents a good pressure transducer. General description of the invention On a pressure transducer housing The pressure transducer 0 in a feature of the present invention includes a piezoelectric resonator located in the piezoelectric resonator Inside the housing housing 0 piezoelectric double-rotating quartz sala on the resonator The resonator includes a low-voltage ¢ housing prepared or designed to vibrate in the fundamental tone quartz material with fast vibrations dual modes for dual modes vibrating in the fundamental tone

Ald) and slow to cut

— Oh, fast 48 slow thickness-shear vibrations. In some of the features disclosed in this application; Sle resonator may be about lea piezoelectric resonator made of low quartz SBTC in other features of this order” Jad device od on bi convex resonator bi -convex resonator placed in the plane © radial housing so that the pressure transducer is axi-symmetrical. The housing of the transducer may be axi-symmetrical and the resonance device 7 may be placed in a radial plane inside the housing having terminal sia sandwiched between the end caps 00©_ of the housing. In the attributes of this application; The end caps may be fused Ye connected to the peripheral portion of the resonance device 07 . In the gyal attributes the terminal vertices may be attached to the terminal part of the oo device with metal-metal bonding. In other features of this order the terminal peaks may be Alia at the terminal part of the resonance device with a glass sealant. Each transformer terminal vertex may have at least one inner surface and at least one curved outer surface Ye. All electrodes of the resonance device may be located on the inner surface of each Ad ts end cap. The electrodes do not touch the lung device; Each dam end cap may have at least one with conducting wires between electrodes 5 a of the inner surface and corresponding corresponding external electrodes on the outer surfaces of the end caps. .Die holes with .sealant

— This is in the features disclosed in this application; The Ble resonator may be a bi-convex resonator; A plano-convex resonator and a resonator with different radii of curvature along its perpendicular axes. Housing 8 may comprise a body section that is cylindrical; and at least one end cap at one end of the body; The lung apparatus may be placed in the radial plane of the body's Jab housing. In the features of this order there may be a pair of end caps at opposite ends of the body; Each terminal vertex may have at least one 3,8 hemispherically curved surface. Among the characteristics of this application, the transformer may contain an axi-symmetrical housing; The resonator may be placed in a radial plane inside the housing; The lung apparatus includes a peripheral oa sandwiched between the terminal vertices of the housing; The plane of the inner surface of at least one terminal tip may be machined to be adjacent to the surface of the resonance device. The transformer may also include a ye bonding layer at least one terminal apex and peripheral portion of the resonant device; Where the contoured inner surface of the percussive apex 10 at least is separated from the surface of the resonance device by a constant gap equal to the thickness of the bonding layer. In other features of this application; The zigzag inner surface of at least one terminal may separate from the surface of the resonance device by a gap larger than the dle of the link layer.

The features disclosed herein provide for a resonating device having a terminal portion sandwiched between the end caps 00©_ of the Cus housing. The resonating device is in the form of 1 in cross section. in the features disclosed in this application; The transducer also includes the electrodes of the resonator prepared or designed to induce fundamental-tone vibrations in the resonating PENI; Where the resonating device electrodes are prepared or designed to maximize the motional capacitance of the fundamental tone and to reduce the motional capacitance of the unwanted non-synconic tones below a predetermined level. One piezoelectric resonance device includes a quartz aot with 90 double angles 0 (phi) = 11.7 dans plus or minus 4 degrees; and 0 (theta) = Aaja YE,0—plus or minus § degree. 0 Another piezoelectric resonator comprises 55h of quartz with double angular cycle © (phi) = 1°; plus or minus; degree; 0 (theta) = YP degree: plus or minus; degree; Another piezoelectric resonance apparatus includes a quartz crystal with a double cyclic angle © (Ga) = plus or minus 11 degrees; degree; f 0 (theta) = -77.5 degrees; plus or minus; degree; Another piezoelectric resonance device includes a quartz crystal with a double cyclic 0 0 (gai) = VEY degree; plus or minus; degree; 0 (theta) = Tom degrees; plus or minus 4 degrees. This disclosure reports Bal pressure gauges comprising a pressure transducer ¢ and a temperature sensor on or near the outside surface of the pressure transducer; Where the Jad includes a housing housing and a quartz piezoelectric resonance device within the housing Where the Jad includes a double rotating piezoelectric material prepared or designed to produce vibrations in tone

- 0 # basic vibrating in the fundamental tone for dual modes of fast and slow thickness-shear vibrations Sl). transducer pressure measurements on a housing Cue and a quartz piezoelectric resonator inside the housing © . Where the resonator includes, le resonator, a double-rotating piezoelectric material prepared or designed to make vibrations in the basic daa vibrating in the fundamental tone of the dual modes of fast and slow vibrations for thickness cutting; Specify the length-to-width ratio (RA) of the resonant device to separate the non-harmonic tones from the main mode of resonance. Additional features and new features of the invention will be stated in the following description or may be known by those skilled in the art after reading the material in this application or using the invention. The benefits of the invention can be realized through the method set forth in the enclosed claims. Brief explanation. Drawings The accompanying drawings show the preferred embodiments of the present invention which are part of the specification” and, together with the following description, illustrate and demonstrate the J principles of the present invention. Figure ple 1 of a two-mode oscilloscope. Figures fy and ?b are cross-sections of illustrative pressure transducers as disclosed herein.

AN = — Figures PS showing the results of the stress distribution in the pressure transducer as shown in the disclosure herein. the shape ; are the computed pressure sensitivity values for the temperature-sensitive mode 8 pulse and the transducer pressure-sensitive mode 8 pulse as given in the disclosure herein. © The ao-lo shapes are examples of cross sectional shapes in demonstration resonance devices as disclosed herein. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an aspherical plano-convex resonator. Figure 7 is a demonstration pressure transducer cross-section as disclosed herein. Ye Figure A is a process for constructing a Li, plano-convex resonator gis for the detection given in this order. Figure 4 is another illustrative pressure transducer as disclosed herein. Figures 01 and 10b are other examples of an interface between a main body and terminal vertices as Yo shown in this block. Fig. pile 11 of a HAT demo pressure transducer according to the present disclosure.

Figure VY is also another illustrative pressure transducer according to the present disclosure. Figure 11 is a Lad of a demonstration pressure transformer AT according to the present disclosure. Figure VE is also another demonstration pressure transducer as per the present disclosure. © Figure Yo is also another illustrative stress locus in accordance with the present disclosure. Figure 16 is also another demonstration pressure transducer as per the present disclosure. 117 (KA) is also another demonstration pressure transducer as per the present disclosure. Fig. Ble VA is a schematic diagram of an illustrative device for measuring pressure values in a well passing through underground formations according to the present disclosure. 0 Fig. 19 is a Demonstration pressure transducer with thin-film thermistors Ble Fig. 01 of a SAT demonstration pressure transducer with thin-film thermistor 3y. Throughout the graphs, identical reference numbers indicate similar elements that are not necessarily the same. Although many modifications and variations of the invention have been made, particular embodiments have been illustrated by examples in the drawings and will be described in detail in this application.However, it must be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular disclosed forms but its scope includes All modifications, equivalents and alternative forms as set forth in the accompanying claims.

11 Several embodiments and features of the invention are described below; Note that not all features of actual operation are described in the specification; Of course, in each of these examples, it will become clear that many operational decisions must be taken in order to achieve the developer's goals. Such as compliance with system and management related controls that vary from one operation to another. Furthermore it; It will be understood that such a goal may be complex and time consuming; However, it will not be a routine task for the average skilled after benefiting from the disclosure in this application. Classic has two vibration modes at different frequencies. The pressure transducer is an example of a pressure transducer Fig. 1; They are the © mode and mode 1 where the © mode responds to changes in terms of both primarily responding to temperature; While B is pressure and temperature, while mode 0 has a resonant device 01, transducer 1 has a relatively weak influence on pressure. Referring to the figure, the TY YY device, where both ends of the VY cylindrical housing are separated in a cylindrical housing, the YO resonator

Electrodes are provided to excite vibrational performance NY on the housing Yo resonance Thus the resonance apparatus is designed to excite vibrational behavior in the other direction to elicit stress-induced changes in a lie direction one to the maximum No moreover; The ratio of stress values should be as large as possible; [eld] prefers two modes of zero stress shearing in one direction. Single-mode oscillation dal) Commercially available stress transducers that use vibrations for shearing are typically used. Because the transformer uses a single-turn quartz piece; It does not usually require contrast

011 - Strain properties of a resonator; The geometrical form of the transformer may be much simpler than, for example, the two-mode transformer shown in Fig. 1; The axially compatible bamboo-like structure of the single-mode transformer can be adapted. Nevertheless; In single-mode transducers, only pressure information can be obtained. © temperature information must be derived from another temperature sensor; It is preferable to place it near the transformer.

Referring now to the form fy; The 001 pressure transducer of the present invention is incorporated

On a YY VY coaxially compatible housing. axi-symmetric housing, hollow inside, and a Ren device

Bi-convex 111 bi-convex resonator located at a radial plane inside the housing located as . in a radial plane within the housing for a first model; The NY Resonance System includes a tablet portion

011 plate portion Ye has a 53 (IY + circumferential edge surface) end caps are 11 171 end caps at opposite side of the plate.

0 on plate 011 to define a cavity 001 cavity within which to place the NY resonating organ 0 plate 0 on the resonating apparatus 111 and terminal vertices 171 071 can be formed into single axial compatible structures from a spool of quartz crystal crystal quartz block . This is what plate 011 and the terminal peaks look like

1801 000 8 coplanar isocentric 7 and axially coplanar ©; As shown in Figure OY the terminal vertices OY 130 are coupled to the terminals 171b of plate 111 via the surfaces of

LY + bonding interfaces Each curve radius may be 1 for the connecting surfaces of the vertices

Terminal 11 VY.

Each radius of curvature of bonded surfaces of end caps is the same

The radius of curvature of the corresponding connected surfaces of the plate eg .011; may be

Yo 1VY + radius of curvature of bonded surface of the terminal bit

11 - — 111 end cap is the same as describing the curve diameter of the contact surface 171b of the VY + plate The inner surface 1071b of the end cap 0171 may be hemispherical or hemispherical wail Hemispherical or quasi-hemispherical in shape; As shown in Figure Gully Terminal vertex shape Ye Transformer 001 according to Fig. TY and b at the interfaces © interfaces/bonding layers has low shear stress between terminal peaks 1718 130 and plate 101 and has low lag and deflection large range at transformer output .001 in opal models the inner surfaces of the road peaks 031 97318 may be elliptical with cross section; any; Quadratic surfaces The crystal quartz used in the models of this order includes sale quartz double 0 rotation eld piezoelectric quartz material low voltage that can oscillate in binary modes and have fast and slow vibrations To cut the notch. A fish-method quartz resonator oscillates in three modes of movement; extendable thickness or “MA” mode and fast shear thickness or “” mode; and slow shear thickness or “0” mode such that the resonance frequencies follow the following relationship La > fy > fo 0 be bicyclic quartz that can be used Sle for SBTC quartz (equivalent stress in mode B and equivalent temperature in mode ©) eal for example; angles » (phi) = ylt degrees; plus or minus 4 degrees; and 0 ( theta) = -4,5;?dap plus or minus ; degree; as described in US Patent No. £1400, EP No. 540171664 1j and Publication No. 4667 0500/1b” published September 1, 1984 and

EY - B.

K.

Sinha, "Stress compensated orientations for thickness-shear quartz resonator", Proc. 35th Annual Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 213-221, 1981. (hereinafter ref. (1)); The orientations of the crystalline bidirectional resonance devices conform to the standard applied to piezoelectric crystals © 1949 "Piezoelectric crystalss" published in minutes: : the Institute of Radio Engineers, New York published in December NER ‏

Figures?!-A shows the distribution of the third main stress, Spall, in the SBTC 001 transducer cut quartz. In Figure fr » the third principal stress is calculated at predetermined nodes in the transformer

0 The symbols TMX and 7077" denote the maximum point and minimum point of the calculated stress;

011 AX disc is stress distribution normally along the axis OF arrangement. Figure 0 is the normal stress distribution along a and Figure 111 resonator of the Jada resonance device and its ?c show that the stress values along each of Figures OF 011. 011 axis 7 in the disk about le 4 is relatively regular. Figure 11" resonator and 7 in the biaxial directional X resonator

Pressure sensitivity values (Hz/kg/m²) calculated for the temperature-sensitive Mode B frequency

0 and the frequency of mode 8 that is sensitive to the pressure of the transducer is .001. As shown in figure , the pressure sensitivity is

For mode © about -1 Hz/kg/m2 where mode B is almost insensitive.

The listing in this order provides for example pal quartz pieces; (phi) = 1 degree 0

(theta) = -7? eda (phi) = 11 degrees and 0 (theta) = -797.5 degrees” : e (phi) = VEY degrees

And 0 (theta) = Vom degrees (each has a plus or minus tolerance; degrees). The directions are above

14- Mention on the stress equalization regions of the 3 add mode directions as described in the aforementioned reference (1). Thus, in a manner similar to the SBTC cut-off condition, the 305 resonant changes of mode B can be used to measure the degree of Biya. Due to the very low sensitivity the sensing element / resonator Lele depends on the stress values applied to the transducer using an axially compatible Resonator © mode resonance quenching changes can then be used to measure the hydrostatic pressure Projector on the transducer with low sensitivity to temperature variations of the sensing element/ringer Figures aol show some examples with a cross-sectional shape of the ringing devices There are electrodes 156 130 on opposite surfaces in the central portions waving the central portions plate 1 1 AH 011 by conventional methods, such as vacuum deposition deposition and cathodic spray plating. The 60 Vou electrodes are about 100 angstroms thick. The resonant element 111 is formed in edad) between electrodes 1576 160. The resonating device 111 may be plate-convex as shown in Figs 10 fo and db. using a planar convex resonance device; The energy of the fish's vibrations can be captured in the 1117 resonance device to reduce incremental losses and possible reflections of non-harmonic tones from the electrode and boundary surfaces. In other words; A planar convex resonator reduces unwanted modes of vibration and limits the resonance vibration energy as much as possible to a value of 0. Other forms of resonator can also be adapted; Such as the bi-convex resonator 0 shown in Figures 2c and #d; or a flat resonator as shown in

#1 — Figure a0 In plano-convex and bi-convex plate resonators - the end portions enclosing resonant element 111 of plate 011 may be flat as shown in figures cao fo to seal between plate 011 and terminals YT OY. end caps without having to shape the end caps of the AFL © 01780 end caps by adjusting the curvatures of the convex surfaces; Reduce reflections of anharmonic overtones from the electrode edges and increase frequency separation between wanted and unwanted mode; Lay is described in more detail below. The convex surface of the 111 resonator may have different radii of curvature along the intersecting directions Ws 0 indicated by directions X and 7 in Fig. 7. Referring to Fig. 6; For example, Jal, the diagonals of the two curves: 18:50 can be set in directions 31X35 on the surface of the 11" resonator as described in: B.

K.

Sinha, “Doubly Rotated Contoured Quartz Resonators”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. '). using a plano-convex resonator with different radii of curvature along the alternately intersecting directions; The excitability of some non-harmonic tones can be suppressed.

11- — For example (JUG) the SBTC zigzag LS planar convex resonator with a curveball radius of 8-1760 mm can exhibit fundamental harmonic and non-harmonic tones of Mode 3 of vibration as shown in Table 1. The resonance frequencies for Mode 3 are calculated in Table 1 for a planar convex resonant device where the diameter of its “convex sphere” is 101 mm; the surface deli at =2ho Salt is 4 mm and the max. The electrodes are A+ angstrom electrodes. It is assumed that the electrode is square in shape with a side of A mm. Table 1 Gages | 5 | 0" | Ty a IELTS EE BE 1 However, if the curve diameter with a .35" span is 7760 mm and a span is 487.135 mm, different fundamental harmonic and non-harmonic tones are obtained corresponding to Mode 3 of vibration as shown in Table 7 .

197 - - Table? A la a we vee ewe Examples show how to reduce the number of non-harmonic tones (non-ordered modes) from 8 in the case of a spherical contour to in a non-spherical Ala ©: 00100. in addition to; The difference between the main resonance and the nearest unwanted non-harmonic mode increases from 19 kHz (in the case of a spherical contour) to 1117 kHz (in the case of an aspherical contour). In addition to dh the shape and/or ana can be set The 10101 Yo electrodes are optimized for maximizing the motional capacitance of the preferred harmonics of mode B0 and mode oC and suppressing the excitation of unwanted non-harmonic tones by reducing their motional capacitance below a predetermined upper level. which can be tuned considering other transformer design variables The kinetic amplitude of a resonant mode depends on three design variables The electromechanical coupling of a mode does not stabilize vibration in the chosen crystal orientation dts The radius of the bE curve affects the magnitude of the kinetic capacitance Increasing the radius causes curve to increase the amount of kinetic capacitance.

- 18 in general on the amount of kinetic capacity denny the shape of the electrode fin in addition to that; As for the selected vibration mode. The larger electrode area generally leads to an increase in the amount of kinetic capacitance. Increasing the displacement current through the crystals also increases the kinetic capacitance. The associated motional capacitance, however, is; It has also been shown that the kinetic amplitude of non-harmonic tones can be greatly reduced by modifying the electrode shape and size. ©

The present inventors found that by improving the length-to-width ratio of the resonator (RA), the resonator could

Increased separation of the frequencies of uncoated or non-harmonic incidental tones from the main mode of resonance.

As used herein, "length-to-width ratio" refers to the curved radius (R).

oll divided by dele resonant device at center (1)

0 Notice that the figure © and the two figures ? The following £5 shows the AB spectra against an aspect ratio of a 0/08 glad resonator Separating unwanted non-harmonic tones from the main mode of resonance by specifying an aspect ratio. The inventors also noted that the basic method of resonance offers unprecedented advantages because the “ool lead” i.e. the quality factor specified in the form of stored/dispersed energy; get better The resonance device operates at a lower frequency

Vo and more tolerant to the shape of the surface.

- 1 - The table?

B— (Veter) Hz f SISTA = (Veron) 8-)00007(© : non-harmonic nearest notes kHz. 14 - (005866) kHz 106 kHz vo) Ye.

Yat. Yas ML FLL £0) JP FAV LY) 1000 ME AR 071 1m £.X,) 71 YEYY LE) how much yout 401 N 4m xR Ludgla 5 kHz kHz

YAYY 77 M 1

YVAA 1 Tanma “23 Yin Work

YVYY YAY m Yyva YVAy Yolen

YA 4 recited (YAY) 1 Vedat

0.0 non-harmonic neartones: © (107)-3 e0 = (Vener) kHz; (Veta) - 8( » »2?) - EY kHz. Referring to Figure A, the end caps 191 071 end caps are axially symmetrical and have the same external shape. The inner portions of the terminal peaks 090 +078 corresponding to the resonance device 11 resonator© are housingd at a predetermined depth to be equal to the resonator within the central region of the 011 plate. The terminal vertices 09708 170 are coupled to the terminals of the 0 plate via interfaces bonding ada) 8 040 is suitable for designating the cavity 100A into which the VY resonance device is to be placed. The cavity 001 may be a vacuum area or may be filled with an inert gas. in some cases; The 1380 OY end caps can be secured or bolted to the edges of the 011 slab and the 0610 bonding interfaces can be supplied with binder layers of suitable binder. For example; End vertices 071 101 may be fixed to plate 011 with glass material to accommodate the bonding interface 660; heat treatment. The glassy material may be deposited on at least one of the terminal peaks 11 071 and plate 0011 for example; Using a paste containing a glass frit and precipitating the organic solution through a blocking net. The 01760 Fe 0 end caps and plate 011 can be bonded through the glass material by heat treatment at a predetermined temperature suitable for bonding. In another example, the terminal vertices 131 VY can be attached to plate 011 without the glass material; or any other sale; at the link interface 1600 by; For example, JU fusion joint, or metal-metal bonding, as described in, for example:

0. Vallin, et al. al., "Direct bonded quartz resonators", Frequency Control Symposium and

PDA Exhibition, 2001, Proceedings of the IEEE International. metal-metal in metal-metal joint 011 Jun AT pg 01 a few days metal layer as the bonding interface Gaus ¢ bonding and plate 001 VY. bonding surfaces of the end caps ble Yee © 01 and plate 01 176 end caps direct quartz bonding may require planar bonding surfaces LV € + metal bonding layer 20 520 glo as shown in figures 111 071 and terminal peaks 011 for each of the plate parts. Methods for constructing pressure transducers from quartz crystal materials are described as in; for example

OE YYAAY 5 Example; US Patent Nos. 1398/101397/007. Full US patents are incorporated as references. For example, a planar convex resonator can be made by polishing manually or by 3D controlled ally La, Fig. A is a process for forming plate 0 containing the plate convex resonator element 0 Jia 10 as Alen's process is cheap and reproducible for a convex shape that has a high-quality surface profile Ye. This process may be suitable for the formation of a miniature transducer having a plano-convex resonator with reference to Figure A The process includes (1) coating photoresist 001 on a quartz plate Y ) 01 quartz plate (Exposing a YY noise pattern passing through a YY noise shield. On the photoresist covered material y) ARK (Development of the photoresist

-? 7 0 0 0 (2) Etching the Yoo Quarry plate with the photoresist pattern 701 by RIE (reactive ion etching (©) s “reactive ion etching”) removing the remaining photoresist to obtain On plate 011 having a plano-convex resonator The photoresist coated on quartz plate 0010 can be wrapped with a spinner © Photoresist may be positive or negative type. Depending on the type of light-resisting material, it can: Reverse the positive and negative pattern of the mask YY positive and negative pattern of the mask The masking dacs are designed so that the light intensity pattern is a cylindrical harmonious pattern that defines the required convex shape, as shown in Figure A, given To select the photoresist 701 to have a RIE similar to that of quartz, the convex shape of the photoresist 701 can be transferred onto a quartz plate RETIRE The manufacturing method may be similar to that used in conventional semiconductor technology; manufactures several resonators on a single SUIS plate into a single oF that can be cut into separate resonators in cubes. According to lla) the existing manufacturing method can be used to increase Nall output and to reduce manufacturing costs. like that; using the current manufacturing process; It is easier to construct Yo a planar/flat space surrounding a planar convex 7d resonance device; As shown in Figure D where flat space may be required for fused joint and metal-metal bonding; As described above. As described herein; The pressure transducer 001 comprises a renn device 111 located at a radial plane within the axi-symmetric housing of the pressure transducer 001. A coaxial structure of the 001 pressure transducer 0 reduces the stress concentration at converter. Accordingly; Can be obtained

- +0 Furthermore; To form a Be device on a compatible coaxial architecture. It is also possible to develop a relatively small transducer. From two rotating quartz (piezoelectric material) that can oscillate in 111 resonance resonators pressure and temperature can be measured (lel) binary methods and have fast and slow vibrations to cut © accordingly ; Rapid and accurate IVY temperature equalization can be performed simultaneously with the .001 ring pressure readings without placing another means of measuring temperature near the transducer which includes the 001 pressure transducer Fig. 4 caliber from another model of pressure transducer described above. The 011 instead of the plate-like structure 11 may have a body 117 a resonating device externally cylindrical in shape and generally 11-shaped in cross-section. There are peaks 116 body 01 and may contain 0600 connected through the interfaces of the ribbon 114 at the ends of the body VY 078 peripheral on a convex biconvex resonating element located at a radial plane inside the 111 resonance device The shear stress at VE can be reduced by adjusting the length of the elongated sections of the .001 section of the CE transducer for more stable stress measurements. It has been found that the structure of the 060 resonance device The highly compatible convex bonding interfaces make the transducer stronger than the incompatible structure in order to have Ve pressure measurements at higher pressure ranges. © .001 orthogonal. for adapter 10608 depicts the bonding interfaces 4 Jal on 066 though; Other cross-cut shapes can also be made for the bonding interfaces Ba001, Ihe or round; As shown in the two figures Alle, for example;

Ye — - Fig. 11 is a la, jal pressure transducer of the present invention having 1 07 terminal peaks with a hemispherical outer shape. The 001 transformer has low hysteresis, a large range deviation in the transformer output, and a low stress alll at the interface layers between the end 197 YY caps and the plate 011. Other shapes similar to the hemispherical © described in Shape NY and the inner surfaces of the terminal vertices YY 0" can be machined so that the bore 001 has a cylindrical shape; as shown in Figure 11; or a suitable shape die a circular; or oval Fig. 11 depicts a pressure transducer having 174 AYE terminal peaks with hemispherical outer surfaces and hemispherical inner surfaces as well. The 001 has a reduced shear stress of 0 at The layers of the interface between We AYE end caps and the ends of the part in the form of GO VEH, low hysteresis and large range deviation in the output of the converter 0. Other shapes can exist for the inner and outer surfaces of the FE OTE end caps as shown in Fig. 1 and described above. Fig. 11 is another pressure transducer with a resonant device enclosed within a 17 cylindrical main body section with one closed end and one open end. The 111 end cap attaches to the open end of the main body section 7; Via a 01 bonding interface layer the resonator 101 is within a central part of the body 111 and is connected to the inner surface 51771 of the body radd via a VEY bonding surface layer to reduce shear stress at the surface Minimize shear VY stress at the bonding interface Ye to a minimum Aa under hydrostatic pressure

© — pressure The inner surface 5177 of the body can be taper so that the upper diameter of the internal cavity 001 of the body 17 is greater than the diameter at the bottom of the cavity 1001 of the cavity

The VE shape is another feature of the pressure transducer according to the invention by Jali.

© contains a set of principal bodies that are in the form of NV EH 411b between the IF peaks (IY. end caps). For example, Shea

MY ring to perform normal pressure measurements and use another 111b ring as a backup.

[EF Therefore; The adapter reduces the type of bilateral lung device as described in this document from not

0 Ensure that the measurements lead to many measurements from the transducer; It guarantees continuous operation

Due to the backup resonance device.

Figure Vo is another pressure transducer with non-contact #7A 117 electrodes

With the NY resonance apparatus there are electrodes on the inner surfaces of the 14 YA terminal peaks which

It will be separated from the surface of the resonance device. Clearance can be adjusted to trigger vibrations to cut the thickness in

6 Resonance device 111 with an electric field formed between the electrodes ITY 057 There are window holes JIA Gn YA BY YA 1b with wires 54 114 in the end caps to connect

Electrolytes between 157 064 electrodes and 116 0197 external electrodes on the outer surfaces of the end caps 178. The dll shear vibrations in the 111 resonator can be induced by capacitive coupling between the electrodes

Contactless Ye and quartz resonance device IY The gap between the electrodes can be kept

11 - - Electrode 114 OY electrodes and the surface of the resonance device at a distance of several micrometers; 01 μm JOA for capacitive coupling. After manufacturing electrodes (VOY 167) on the inner surfaces of the ATA ATA terminals, the ond caps are coupled to the Ve plate via 41 8 interfaces. By means of a fusible joint, eg. © I) YA through-holes and 78 AB » 5 LY VA 5 NTA can be filled with sealing 1701 material by vacuum sealing. MY quartz resonator Figure 16 is another example of a pressure transducer according to the present disclosure where 0 the inner surface is zigzag 5170 to the 101 end cap to become du from the resonator surface . 011 resonator surface The 181 end cap can be bonded to the circumferential parts of the resonator plate 0 that have a LY E+ bonding layer There is space doll views Layer 0660 separates the inner surface 8171 from the VY + surface of the plate The thickness of the layer 1450 can be specified so that the inner surfaces of the terminal peaks do not come into contact with the Yo electrodes under hydrostatic pressure pressures at high hydrostatic pressures around the transformer 0000; the default stress in the quartz material of the transformer may be; Any minimum stress with amplification does not have a high stress. using the current transformer; The stress level, lh, can be maintained under hydrostatic pressure.

YY - A hollow YY recessed portion shown in Figure VY can be provided to explain the large differences in the shape of the Addl end cap 101 end cap, which makes it touch the electrode 00 . Subsequently; The separation between the inner surface of the tip and the resonance device may be greater than nail del) The pressure transducer can be machined using the SBTC resonance device as © described herein and combined with a suitable circuit to provide a pressure gauge that can accurately measure pressure. Figure VA is a schematic diagram of a pressure gauge system for use in the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. The quartz pressure transducer 001 has a quartz resonator 111 for it; eg" piece SBTC and is located between the electrodes on 10 electrodes. Pressure transducer 001 and associated downhole electronics) + +4" for example" can be connected to a downhole tool To measure the formation fluid pressures the resonance apparatus 117 may be designed to operate in modes 1 and © of vibration by projecting the AC signal onto electrodes 10 001 + electrodes by means of amplifiers 1 and 107. 07 and 04 filters are provided; has consistent suitable filtration values; such as polarities and/or zero values corresponding to frequency modes 8 and ©; To separate the power from the two-position contrast of a single pair of electrodes 01560 Nhe the signals of positions 8 C5 of the amplifiers 00 and 07 are fed to corresponding digitizers 05 and 507. 100 digitized signals are applied to telemetry system

YA — - multiple of them to surface equipment “AY surface equipment eg (Jd! via armored cable eg .4Y + armored cable” logging device can be suspended in the blister pit on the + armored cable Came) its length largely determines the relative length of the login method. The armored cable 1101 oh© is controlled by a suitable means on the surface; Same as 577 pulley and patch mechanism. Armored cable 9010 is rewound onto the cylinder to raise the logging device up to the surface while measurements are taken. Depth is measured with an AY measuring wheel or other means of measuring depth. Telemetry signals are sent over the armored cable 0 to the AVY supplied to telemetry system ah The signals are distributed and digital frequency information is provided for mode 3 of the 4 47 processor. Processor 174 specifies 0 ppm temperature according to known methods; Fis curve fit method or other suitable method; and send this information to recorder 975 which receives depth information from measurement wheel 157; and records pressure as a function of depth. in some features; The surface temperature of the pressure transducer surface 0 can be measured to accurately equalize the pressure values obtained with the pressure transducer; As 0 is described in US Patent Application No. 07717 11/7 which is fully incorporated by reference within this outstanding jointly owned application. The surface temperature of the pressure calibrator can be measured with a thermometer. For example; The RTD can be used as a thermometer and can be attached to the terminal surface of the 18007 Resonance Device. Thus a thin-film Pt resistor can be deposited directly on a quartz surface. as it is

The Pt resistor is pressure sensitive. But its dependence on pressure can be repeated. Both pressure sensor and temperature thermometer can be calibrated in one to measure temperature and pressure. Fig. 14 is an illustrative pressure transducer with thin-film thermal resistors sublimated to the position of the electrodes 0 and 11 for the vibration of a ©011 resonance device plate at the central part of its opposite surfaces. The AY rs 0 thin-film thermal resistors are placed on the surface of the 011 resonator plate near the end surface of the 01 plate exposed to oil. Although two thin-film thermistors are shown in Figure 08, one or more resistors may be used as desired or needed for the purposes described herein. Many methods can be used to fabricate thin film thermistors. Thus the cathodic spray coating method is preferred for a stable, uniform thin film having a relatively simple device; Although other methods of manufacture can also be used. Figure 0 is a pressure transducer 001 as disclosed herein having a thin-film thermistor AT positioned on its outer surface. A thin-film thermal resistor 871 may be located on at least one of the outer surfaces of the +171 130 terminal peaks so that the 08 resistor AY is near the A+ resonator plate The foregoing description is provided for illustration only some examples no more; It is not intended to include or limit the invention to any of the disclosed images in particular. Many modifications and variations can be made in light of the above.

ve models and features have been selected and described to best illustrate the principles and practical use of the invention; The foregoing description is intended to assist other practitioners in the field to make the best use of the principles of the foregoing models and features; Where many modifications were provided that are commensurate with a specific use; It also aims to limit the scope of the invention with the following elements of protection:

Claims (1)

1m - Protection_elements 1 1 - Method comprising: Assembling a pressure transducer comprising a housing and a piezoelectric resonator inside the Cua “housing”; The resonating apparatus comprises a piezoelectric quartz material with © electrical strain prepared or designed to vibrate in the fundamental pitch of the dual modes 1 fast and slow thickness-shear vibrations ¢ and to optimally determine the ratio length-to-width (RA) resonator to separate non-harmonic tones from the main mode of resonance; where (RA) has a value of 101 or 156 .