SA109310030B1 - Submarine Electric Power Transmission Cable with Cable Armour Transition - Google Patents

Abstract

electric power transmission cable (200,300) includes: at least a first section (235, 335) provided with cable armor (355 A) made of a first metallic material, and at least a second section (225; 325 provided with cable armor (355b) made of a second metallic material, in which the second metallic material has ferromagnetic properties substantially less than those of the first metallic material.

Description

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Marine electric power transmission cable with armed transmission cable

Submarine electric power transmission cable with cable armor transition Full description Background of the invention i.e. celectric cables Alternate current (AC) electric power transmission submarine electric cables substantially intended oe .deployed underwater electrical power Jail typical submarine cable In the voltage ranges, the normal submarine cable includes AC alternate current, “ld electric power transmission”

KV e+ (less than about (HV) high voltage and medium voltage (MV) one or more HV high voltage 0+ KV from Jef (MV) Intermediate 0 for single-phase electrical energy transmission aay conductor more conductors conductors also referred to as ¢ “3-phase” three-phase electrical energy transmission conductors AG “single-phase” multi-core cables With conductor cables that contain more than one conductor (cables for cables include Sale Ally and an insulation structure cease with the JS conductor network) the multi-core water is surrounded by a water barrier layer. cinsulation screen J) and insulation layer on vo insulation layer optionally sheath or metallic screen metal mesh “barrier layer ab multicore bundle” ©00010-007; cables 0 by 1 m._ in the structure of the cables, a plastic sheath, with the empty space being filled with multi-core constructions, basic conductors of sheath or threads, and perhaps by wrapping strips and surrounding it with a mattress made of strips

Sales plastic Reinforcement of wires or metal strips is provided peripherally on the mattress by a bedding 5011007080. In some applications; The reinforcement may be covered with a polymer sheath ©:©00170» or with one or more layers of yarn. A thin polymeric sheath can also be applied to each individual armor wire ~~ ° cable during 8 handling and installation; And also to provide resistance against external damage. It is recommended to use metals in reinforcement, especially in submarine cables, due to their exposure to pressure forces at the end of the fire, which may cause a problem for non-metallic armours: dale The reinforcement is made of one or two layers of Dayers wires are round or flat in shape 1 flat in shape Made of Steel Low to medium carbon content (eg ranging from less than 70.015 to up to ZY) Steel is used Lose Steel, due to its low cost, availability of width and good vo mechanical characteristics It is possible to galvanize (Je) eg zinc coating (ranging) Other materials used for a steel armored bus cable ccable armor scopper brass copper and bronze it is preferable to use galvanized steel lie Galvanized steel wires cable armour reinforced to the environment without a polymeric sheath or a layer of threads to ensure better resistance to corrosion ensure -better resistance to corrosion 0 In use; submarine cables are generally installed underwater; Sale is buried under the ground, but parts of it may be placed in a different environment. This is Vive

For example (J) the state of shore ends of offshore links; intermediate island crossings; contiguous land parts; Channel edges and similar cases. An important aspect of these environments Wey is worse in terms of thermal characteristics and/or higher in temperature is in relation to the situation in the main road away from the beach. 2 An important factor for an electric cable is the current rating, i.e. the amount of current that the cable can safely and continuously withstand, or according to a scenario for a specific load. if the current rating has been exceeded for a period of time; The increase in temperature caused by the heat generated may lead to an ali insulation of the conductor and cause a permanent deterioration of the electrical or mechanical properties of the cable. 0 current cable ratings appropriate for a given load are used; or to drain a stream. Among the factors affecting the current rates are the parameters of the operating system for the distribution circuit. Cable and installation conditions Surrounding environment characteristics 0 The field (AC power cable) occurs in the AC power cable in the conductor lal resulting from the flow of magnetic field generated ferromagnetic materials Magnetic permeability 8 M1 conductors Sua sall/conductor with low to medium carbon content Steel for example steel “materials” Armor wires used as reinforcing wires carbon Y- having material high magnetic having a high magnetic permeability “ferromagnetic materials concentrating magnetic flux”

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By a factor of more than .01, magnetic hysteresis is a slowdown of changes in magnetization, sald caused changes in the magnetic domains, where the magnetic field is changed. domains 0©06p10188. The magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic materials rotate with the magnetic domains in the alternate current cable © This rotation of the magnetic domains in the material causes friction and heat. The heat generated by this friction is called magnetic hysteresis loss, for example, induced heat; In addition to the heat produced by the conductor Dla sall/conductor 5 due to current decreases, which can hinder the total current carrying capacity of the cable, and in particular when the cable 0 is deployed in an environment with a low or empty capacity for heat dissipation Magnetic hysteresis losses can amount to 771 or more of the total loss incurred by an AC capability cable in operation; Depending on the material and the size of the armour. Another phenomenon that may affect the current rating of a cable is the eddy currents e In an AC cable, eddy currents are induced in a conductive material ; such as cable shield metal. Eddy currents cause energy to be lost in the form of heat.” As mentioned above Wl led relates to magnetic hysteresis loss < hysteresis loss can hinder the total current carrying capacity of the cable cable can reach The amount of magnetic hysteresis losses is 77 or more x the total loss incurred by the AC cable under operation. In the case of submarine cables, the aforementioned problem has a special Lal for cable sections placed in different areas from the underwater bottom floor; Yive mentioned areas

, which is characterized, for example, by “higher external temperature Sif, soil thermal resistivity, and/or a large burial depth of the cable”: These conditions affect the ability of the cable to dissipate Heat -dissipate heat US Patent No. 4,644,699 relates to an armed submarine cable. In particular; oe BS shall be provided with a core containing conductors and a reinforcing layer arranged on the outer surface surrounding the core; The layer includes at least one section of heavy reinforcement, which includes at least one layer of heavy metal wires with ends so that the cable can withstand the mechanical forces applied to it; At least one section of lightweight reinforcement has ends; And the transition zone that leads to the connection of the reinforcing section and the lightweight reinforcing section of the light weight 0 in such a way that the stiffness and flexibility of the cable are controlled. In particular; The cable shall have metallic wire reinforcement in the shallow water sections and lightweight non-metallic reinforcement in the deep water section. Transitions are made between the shallow and deep sections of the cable so as to obtain a gradual and controlled change in the elasticity of the cable. Preferably, the end sections of the reinforcing wires and elements should be treated by chemical means and/or mechanical Vo to increase the surface area before applying the sale synthetic bonding material P101000. Preferably the bonding material may be an epoxy resin applied by compression molding or by other means. No specific materials are mentioned for use as a heavy reinforcing section or a lightweight reinforcing section; nor are any provided. A Hint of Its Characteristics It may be a lightweight non-metallic section; in Jie © in this case US Patent No. 1744+9 is being considered for the placement of such a section in deep waters where the loss problem of the present invention does not severely affect the capability of current rates current rating for cable .cable H01 v US Patent No. 15,797,891 relates to a submarine cable with a length of armour, which encircles, is placed in at least some sections in armor wires of the cable core and has armouring wires made of Lighter in weight and less Filler strands Longitudinal direction of reinforcement by means of filler threads from JB for carmour wires Tensile strength of reinforcement. (Steel 0 plastic formed from plastic Filler strands Special aluminum filler strands; or aluminum non-reinforced thermoplastics meet these requirements. These thermoplastics may be specially reinforced “reinforced plastics” or “VU reinforced plastics 5m with fibres, for example, reinforced plastics” so that the weight of the glass wires can be reduced. These filler threads are lighter than wires (0 prevailing pressure Blu) The submarine cable by adapting the reinforcement to pressure conditions has the ability to carry different loads over the electric cable range of an armed conductor cable. 5 its length, but this is “mechanical from a mechanical point of view. US Patent No. 74,788,478 an armed submarine cable including a central cable core of the cable armor wires and a plurality of cable core centrally wires longitudinally with strength around the core and spaced from each other. Lengthwise from anti-corrosive metal wires lols armature on a large number of sections aligned vo between every two electrical insulation means and means of electrical isolation anticorrosive metal wires .metal wires adjacent to the mentioned sections of metal wires

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Wire modified armour still suffers from magnetic hysteresis 17504 .eddy current losses power armoring wire made by incorporating a reinforcing wire © 08050011 cable structurally reinforced in particular a cable having at least one wires or a reinforcement having more layers of wires of steel core at least one reinforcement wire or reinforcement made of composite steel having a steel core layer of stainless steel of the standard type; It is covered with a layer of stainless steel described above, with a change in the longitudinal direction. The electric cable is not for an armed bus cable. Magnetic hysteresis losses. Magnetic shill. Solve the corrosion problem; But still 0 losses are of standard type. The total cost is increased Steel core is present; This is due to the presence of a solid core of the cable. The applicant notes that although the problem is to avoid a drop in electrical power transport capability due to the electric cable, the cable can be solved. armor by losses in a heat generated transmission cable vo or parts thereof; in particular for those sections of the cable (JAS) by increasing the size of the aforementioned unfavorable conditions; in use; placed in unfavorable conditions and more expensive in the case Uy that solution is not satisfactory since it requires heavier cables first ode; Or the erection of transitional connections between sections of cable of different cable sizes in the case that it is not desirable to have a cable composed of distinct sections of different size; Because the last lad. © “cable cable mechanical” weakens the continuity of the cable, which is harmful to the mechanical resistance, and therefore requires careful handling during the cable laying process. Among the losses in an armed transmission cable is non- the use of different materials for reinforcement; In particular using a non-magnetic metal; or copper ¢ bronze Jie ferromagnetic metal however; The use of these materials to make a complete reinforcement of stainless steel, stainless steel, can reduce the “Yall” in some ccable leads to a significant increase in the cost of the cable for the cable between the wires; In order to reduce the amount of plastic of these materials by using plastic spacers. Alla adsl mechanical resistance/protection cise of costs, but in this case, cable for mechanical cable. The applicant has addressed the problem of how to avoid obstruction The current transmission capacity of the electric cable in certain sections of the cable armor probe armed conductor (LIS) due to losses in the electric cable cable system route 0. It is generally not from (lay) it has been noted The applicant from the point of view of the system throughout the cable system path for the cable current rating (current ratings (aly) necessary to be fully completed” being a way to achieve this except in special sectors along the cable system route The cable has different, more sensitive environmental conditions and installation conditions, not the Cua cable route.

Shall, but not be limited to, JE grade avoidance such as “deeper cable burial depth and/or higher outside temperature” or “deeper cable burial depth” and/or higher outside temperature. Or the depth of burial of the cable is deeper “resistivity passages”; the presence of air gaps; the presence of heat sources in the vicinity of Jala installation cable in the cable of the cable current rating of the cable; and for any other reason that can reduce the current rates © - cable route specific sections along d

01 dled way to overcome the problem mentioned Jd demand solution adie has found electric cables excessively increases costs do not increase costs and cable installation is more important installation operations and do not make Handling operations cables - cables more critical. General description of the invention 0 on a submarine cable comprises where the applicant comprises at least one Sa submarine cable considered to have armament designed to minimize or even avoid current losses affecting the aud Cable current rates in an area characterized by transient thermal conditions. In particular; Metallic provides a solution for a submarine cable that includes sections different from each other in metallic materials “It has a current rating for reinforcement only. The section is placed in areas that intercept current rates, material 0 metallic, and is equipped with a reinforcement system consisting mainly of elements made of material metallic non- non-magnetic metallic sale essentially free of magnetism; For example; material

Cua “cables” while in the remaining sections of the cables “ferromagnetic metallic material” depends ¢ standard cable armour, with standard cable armouring, current rating. The structure of the cable remains the cable of the AT cable while the reinforcement material changes from one section to the cable is the same (that is, the transition from one section to another affects only the material of an armed carrier cable) mechanical characteristics gives a system of consistency in mechanical properties lw armour associated with the electrical and mechanical conduction, handling and avoidance of mechanical problems associated with the electrical insulation and for the reconstruction of the electrical insulation conductors of the two conductors © cable thereof. The cable sections of the invention mainly consist of a series connected cable structures insulation layers ¢ conductors / conductors such as conductor 165

Vy armor | between sections containing reinforcing elements (JEN), + 50680065 and sheathing only. elements 000- The applicant also notes that the connection between a non-magnetic conventional metallic material of one section and a ferromagnetic metallic material In a transitional phase, it can lead to electrochemical corrosion phenomena, AT andl material oo, mainly for the conventional metallic material. “electrochemical corrosion phenomena -.conventional metallic material.” In the embodiment of non- at transition sections between anticorrosion material conventional metallic and reinforcement with ferromagnetic metallic material 0 on 5 insulating polymer, the aforementioned material that is selected from the insulating polymer Cmaterial; wires in the form of rods 2005 zine wires preferably zinc 2106. Zinc can be .enamel or enamel strips 1 length strips of anticorrosion material usefully; Anti-corrosion materials are distributed 10 meters from the point of contact between the two reinforcing materials; Preferably from © meter to 01 to ie 1 preferably in the direction of the conventional metallic reinforcement JY is attached in one direction to the section armouring elements of the first section armouring elements. anticorrosion material along The length of the anticorrosion material from the point of contact between the lea can be the same or different in both directions. 9 electric JIS according to an aspect of the present invention; It is provided and includes: - power transmission cable d

1 at least one first section provided with reinforcing elements made of a first metallic material - and “the first metallic material” at least one second section provided with reinforcing elements made of a second metallic material - in which the second metallic material has magnetic properties Cua second metallic material first metallic ferromagnetic properties substantially © those; The aforementioned sections are adjacent to each other longitudinally. The first metallic material, carbon, is of the standard type. For example, carbon steel, Steel, for example, from steel. steel In the group that consists of second metallic material, the second metallic material 01 may be chosen, especially stainless steel “consisting of stainless steel.” ,

Js “zinc-coated brass ccopper copper” JSS 0075190078©_crystal stainless steel of which alloys or alloys or bronze have electrical conductivity as a second metallic material usefully; The second metallic material, that first metallic material, is less than the electrical conductivity of the first metallic material. In the first and second cable sections, in the manner of armor elements, the elongated armour elements are preferred. An ample number of elongated reinforcing elements in the first section welded (a gusset with a gusset) with armor elements. The reinforcing elements may be in the second section. Corresponding armor elements may be connected to the corresponding reinforcing elements in the section. The first with the corresponding reinforcing elements, Y. In the second section, by means of ferrules or screws. The armor elements yy in the first section and the reinforcing elements, the elements of armour. The reinforcing elements may be welded in the second section in series with a bushing metallic material provided on the cable. The reinforcing elements of the first section and the reinforcing elements of the second section may be wound upon each other and overlapped with each other. At least one - and conductor insulation of the cable of the present invention is usefully conductive ° Connection - It is continuous in conformity to move between the first and the second section. 010001015 Preferably three conductors 0 in agreement to move from the anticorrosion protection section Anti-corrosion protection is provided to the second section. The first cable of the cable 0 comprise zinc anticorrosion protection may include anti-corrosion protection - Armor elements are included among reinforcing elements, strips or rods, with a length of 200001705100 Jade protection. Anti-corrosion protection extends preferably in each direction from point JI meters in one direction on Tod) 1 meter, about from, preferably, carmour elements metallic materials. The contact between the two materials of the metal reinforcing elements, 1 conventional, at least 01 meters in the direction of the conventional metal reinforcement, from © meter to the first. For the elements of an armed conveyor cable “metallic armor of the invention in one of the anticorrosion protection directions, the extension of the anticorrosion protection can be substantially the same or different in length than the extension in the other direction. Round The mentioned extended round wires armor elements may The reinforcement elements are 9

Eo is in a circular shape and its diameter is within the limits of zine rods, and zinc rods can be ©

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¢ ) + 2610 dl elements armour, respectively, for large and small wires. Brief explanation of the drawings More details of the invention will be shown in the following description; with reference to the accompanying figures d; Where: Figure 1 shows schematically in cross-section the structure of a telectrical cable VY KS shows in pictures an installed cable according to the embodiment embodiment of the present invention; Figure © showing schematically a section of cable in the form oF where; Us for embodiment 0 of the present invention; Where there is a transition between sections of a cable armored carrier with different materials; appearance ; schematically shows a section of cable in the form oF with an alternative means of achieving the transition between a conductor cable armed with cable armor of different materials; And Figure © shows a schematic diagram of a cable section in oF shape with an anti-corrosion arrangement 0 when moving between a cable armored carrier with different materials. With reference to the drawings 0 drawings in Figure 1, there is a schematic view of a cross-section of an electrical cable 001 electrical cable, in particular a submarine cable for the transmission of electrical power AC electrical power transmission in the MV or HV ranges 01 LIS Y. is a multi-core cable compatible with Ju 1 multi-core cable adapted to 3-phases power transmission “3-phase” Number of cores 011 in cable is not specific to the present invention. preferably The invention applies to Yive

10 But oY oY can be applied with any number of cores multi-core cables Single multi-core cables; Also, core cable usefully on a multi-core cable (LIS) is 001 cable 1 in the structure shown by a figure having a conductor network (Janis) “© conductor” and includes all Including a 011 connector, which includes three cores, insulation screen, and an insulation network, 111, insulating layer, Sole, Jadu VY. oo optionally cover os 11 metallic screen metal screen (YO) waterproof Sala layer VY.

V2 polymeric polymer sheath Problem insulating layer 111 insulating layer The insulating layer may be through polyethylene, for example, made of polyethylene “insulating layer Fall,” for example; From paper or tapes Je ¢ insulating layer made or insulating layer made day 0 filling with ALS filler compound impregnated with polypropylene-paper “insulating layer ($b”). 111 insulating layer In the case of the insulating layer for sale, it is made of sale 171 insulation screen and insulation net 011 connector net 111 insulating layer dlls insulating layer p. 1 And the insulation net 011 conductor screen is based on mass impregnated tapes; the conductor mesh may be made of tapes as well. VY + insulation screen of YVO impregnated fabric water barrier layer can make a water barrier layer water-expandable (JE) with textile suitably impregnated powder Y-: 66 binder tape; The resulting hollow with fillings 1*01 bedding layer is provided with the mattress layer

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VY polypropylene yarns eg; Polypropylene yarns can be used. 5 This material allows filling the hollow space without adding LV£0 or rafi-like strands as fillers to add weight to the cable. The reinforcement is surrounded by a layer of 160 yarns or plastic Vo layer © polymeric from a polymer sheath core in the gaps of the core 176 optical cable Optical JS Optionally, the 00 bedding layer may be housed within the interstices power transmission J&Gra led capacity as studied particular is determined by the AC electrical cable's capability 0 -cable laying requirements and environmental conditions 1 For example, let us consider the case of a cable having a standard design in form with the following basic characteristics: 11 kV = U rated system transmission voltage (U rated system transmission voltage - kV); 1459 - Um) 0 mm2; Ave (each face) conductors size - ¢ (XLPE) cross linked polyethylene insulation - on each core plastic lead sheath and sheath sheath - ¢ core conductor Jaa ge + mm diameter. galvanised steel armor wires - 0 “shore portion low Let the cable be used to connect the mainland to the island

DE Kilometer marine part in the open sea at a depth buried under the sea floor 11 crosses in length

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W / K*m +,A of thermal resistivity soil in a meter with thermal resistivity in degrees Celsius. The cable 010 (water and soil) ambient temperature and ambient temperature 001) shall be able to withstand the required continuous current (colli load coefficient under installation conditions (A) 8000 ampere is assumed to be Let us now suppose that the cable has to pass short segments on the beaches (eg 800 m at one or both ends of the offshore segment) and be connected to the land cable and/or cable termination; and that corresponding to these areas the cable is buried deeper Undersea or surface m. Increased burial depth is required for example A in the ground; for example on a depth in the horizontal direction) or because of the shores of the HDD (ial) due to the need to pull the cable into a pipe higher in level In relation to the sea level. Similar thermal resistance as at the bottom of 01 its lowest level, which is the fact that the cable is buried more deeply - and thus dissipates less easily for the heat generated (oad) 0 by cable losses - which requires that the size (sectional area) of the cable conductors should be B, keep ensuring current flow square millimeters to keep ensuring current flow 0101 increased to amperes along the entire path so as not to encounter an unacceptable increase in cable temperature in the cable part that would significantly increase the beach. In such a case the total cost of cable is 1000 sq mm cable conductors 1 km of cable with VO connectors due to manufacture and installation - © instead of 800 sq mm which entails significant additional costs.

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In unfavorable conditions on the other hand, unfavorable conditions of only 0.0 meters of cable length were encountered by using two different sections of cable in orderly sequence; One of the largest size

Sealy sq mm) only in the vicinity of the shores where 0101 conductors and one other of smaller size cunfavourable conditions will require the installation of gyal sq mm In part Ave conductors with different sizes of conductors. The cables can be applied between different cables; to connect the cables and jump joints in the factory; but in this case the handling and installation of the cable will be more critical; and that can be cali) due to the need To handle a bulky transmission link during the cable laying process. In the case but this would make the installation (SH) implementation of the transition jumper during 0 installations more complicated; thus the installation would be more expensive due to the need to compile the jumper in the workspace. The procedure for jumping the jumper is more complicated in the presence of Optical cable included within the power cable structure - power cable structure of square millimeters for all track 800 cable in the use of Jian cable, and there is another possibility, in its entirety, and the installation of a forced cooling system for parts of the beach only, in order to improve heat dissipation by means of The use of external means; however, this involves an increase in the overall costs of connection and requires systems supervision and maintenance. Section 775 laid on the sea floor 0001 oY cable 1 includes water 715 (Section 775 may have been buried a little below the sea floor; at a depth of about © m). Dma v4 Pal section buried or from sea end cliff or 771 corresponding to seashore preferably inserted into pipe or conduit 0 77; connect oY on of system YY

YY earth cable 771 cable section 775 through connection Less favorable environmental conditions; From the temperature, Yoo cable, from the cable, YYO, the section is met from the point of view of heat dissipation; from cable ©?? submerged in water or buried under the seabed or 0 as shown in the figure. pnd which; In 001 of the present invention » Section 75 of the cable embodiment according to the embodiment of ? Thus it is immersed in water. It has armament made. 15 Use; It is placed under the surface of the water from a mineral material that is traditionally used in the field for this purpose. For example, carbon steel and it has magnetism, electrically conductive, and it is an electrically conductive material. Carbon steel 0 suitability; From the point of view of the degree of Jil subject in the conditions of YYO section ferromagnetic material and heat dissipation; It has a reinforcement made of a material of ambient temperature ambient temperature. The reinforcement material (gal) is preferred. Embodiment in ferromagnetic embodiment. Non-magnetic basis. Low electrical conductivity. YYO electrical conductivity of the section upon section the first 001 cable in other words” according to an embodiment of the present invention; the cable comprises E and at least one second section; in the example the YT section at least one; in the example the conventional section; a metallic material armature made of one Metal materials YYO?. For the first section 5 and very available; lui; it is cheap carbon steel (JB for example) and guarantees the required strength. For the second section 775 reinforcement made mainly of non-magnetic material In order to reduce celectrical and preferably low-conductivity ferromagnetic Y- losses and excess heat generated as a result.

Y. only; After deployment it is expected to encounter conditions ally It can be realized that the cable sections heat and/or heat dissipation area ambient temperature is not appropriate from the ambient temperature They are manufactured with reinforcement made of selected material to be mainly » dissipation viewpoint ; This allows cable losses and consequent non-magnetic ferromagnetic rise in cable temperature to be reduced in this cable section or sections of cable. and all remaining cable length; >. who does not have to deal with the problem of high temperature; It may have a reinforcement made of a material that may have the same structure and; Essentially connected complex transformations are required. Change is formed only during use; For partitions that should preferably log material that can withstand more severe temperature conditions; of non-magnetic material; different; 0 for armature, which allows keeping the cable current rate unchanged

The basic design of the cable live parts. The transition between one first section and a second adjacent section does not modify the cable system longitudinal continuity - even if the armour.are different. This solution is useful. from different points of view. Allows to overcome the problem of limiting 8 cable current transmission in a relatively cheap way; Because the sections to be achieved by reinforcing with JST material are costly; are usually shorter compared to the cable length as a whole. The rest of the system partition(s) may remain unchanged/changed; It is not necessary to increase the size of the conductor nor the length of the cable as a whole; Which will greatly increase the cost of cable©; not for parts of it; Which will require the provision of joints to join the cable sections of different sizes Wy «cable sections different size.

The transition (indicated by VE. in fig. ?) between Section YVO (with reinforcement made of conventional metallic material) and Section 775 (with reinforcement made of non-ferromagnetic material) preferably factory-made In general, the transition between two sections having reinforcements of different materials can be accomplished in different ways.For example, as shown in Fig. ?a schematically depicts a portion of the Too cable where, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the wires 020 ?a; made of one of the typical metallic materials used in the field for this purpose; Jie, for example, carbon steel, which makes the reinforcing structure of the first section 5 “of the Foe cable 0 butt welded At 71 with the corresponding wires 55b made mainly of non-magnetic material, ey + ferromagnetic, preferably a low electrical conductivity metallic material, which makes the arming of the second section, YY, of the cable, LY e+ cable, which makes The Yoo wires and 5*”b reinforcements in the two sections Tro YY are equidistant to the preferred aS limit of the same or similar dimensions. More than 0 wires are welded at the same time. This solution has the benefit of avoiding any cable breakage. Other techniques to complete the transition between two sections with reinforcement made of different materials include, for example, the use of rings or screws to connect each reinforcing wire with a first metallic material to the special reinforcing wire made of a second Aub metallic material. The wires that form the reinforcement in one section may also overlap and optionally “0” be wrapped on the wires that form the arming of the adjacent section of Ailing material, for example, for a length approximately the degree of stranding one wire or some armour wires.

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In which the reinforcement is made of different materials, the transition between any two sections may be completed, as is a common metal belt, also by fixing or welding the reinforcing wires with a common metal belt made of one of the materials (roo) where welding is done. The ends of the wires are schematically depicted in the form of, for example, the typical Jie exploited in the field of this purpose; Carbon steel 0 cable placed around the cable structures 401 metal belt at its end £00 sleeve or metal belt and in tcable armor in a radial inner position with respect to a 5 ferromagnetic armored conductor cable made mainly non-magnetic (Foo opposite; the wires 401 metal belt are welded to the metal belt “Veo cable” which forms the arming of the second section 5?? of the cable by means of two halves of a metal ring 419 metal belt at its ends 415. The metal belt can be configured 0 On the cable; Separate 5605 metal belt welded together for easy insertion of the metal belt of two or more parts. during so that »510101655 steel allows use; Facing unfavorable conditions, it is made of stainless steel by significantly reducing the losses resulting from its use in carbon steel; Instead of carbon steel, the armature has power transmission capability and thus local improvement of the power transmission capability of the cable. cable called and chromium chromium AR with a maximum carbon vv at maximum 0 in each molybdenum and/or molybdenum manganese and/or manganese sufficient nickel

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YY chromium Typical Composition 719 Chromium (Jd Temp. Ex. Glas

AISI stainless commonly known as molybdenum molybdenum ZY 5 nickel nickel 71 . 316 other materials that can be used are, for example, ferromagnetic non-magnetic materials, bronze; bronze; brass copper > and during use”; Part(s) of the carbon cable where the transition between two sections having reinforcement made of different materials exists may be subject to corrosion. due to the presence of different metallic materials; Corrosion in less noble material (for example Jal carbon steel compared to stainless steel may occur in long periods of time less greater or less. One or more of the following measures (protection against JST) to avoid at least reducing corrosion when transitioning between reinforcement comprising material according to the invention. Ld rods or zinc strips may be inserted longitudinally between the wires. Reinforcement; in both conventional metallic material 05 and non-ferromagnetic metallic material; preferably extending for a length of about 1 to 10 meters from the point of contact between the two reinforcing materials; Jeg preferably © m to 10 m in at least one direction” where corrosion metallic material is less noble; Preferably at each side of the reinforcing material transition The length of the anticorrosion protection ve anticorrosion protection from the point of contact between the two reinforcing materials may be different in adjacent sections. Yes

b In order to make effective and cathodic protection provided by rods or ezine rods it must be in intimate contact or welded at at least one point with the reinforcing wires of the less noble material; For example; Those in carbon steel should be more rods or zine rods.

Significantly thicker than the zinc coating available on galvanized steel wires in asl embodiment embodiments for round armor wires zine rods may be in round shape and have Sabeel (Jha) diameter in the range 46-710 from that for reinforcing wires (especially for large and small wire diameters).

Ve for example (J) as illustrated in Figure ©; #0 zine rods 5 at 001 may be welded to the metal belt 419.

Another possible anticorrosion protection can be provided for ccontinuously wrapping zinc wires aia strips or flat sections of zine wires with a tight wrap around the reinforcement; Jie spring spring on

zine armament. Zinc wires for sale on each side of the transmission ie © eg for a length of about 0 may be in intimate contact with or zine wires flat bars or zinc bar parts “wires -armour wires welded to reinforcing wires

A zinc-based coating compound can be applied to the surface selectively to increase the zine content and improve the contact between the zine elements and the reinforcement.

Y. As an alternative to using zinc wires + the transition zone of the reinforcing material may be isolated by Jala by filling each section of transition wires and reinforcing with an insulating protective resin and protecting it by dale heat-shrinkable plastic sheathes heat shrinkable or

Yivo vo .impermeable plastic taping This can also be achieved by isolating the transitions of a single primary reinforcing wire. This solution is considered a preferable solution in the event that it is actually required to cover single-handedly with thin plastic sheaths armour wires “reinforcing wires along the cable” i.e. in both the marine and coastal parts; In this case; It is not plastic however. This solution may not be additional zine material. d Additional bare zinc material is required; Due to the tendency of steel to resist armour wires, it is recommended in the case of using crevice corrosion wires to corrosion corrosion. Zinc alloys ¢ different characteristics of the invention embodiment present the foregoing description and discuss in detail embodiments of the present ve; However; The various variations of the embodiments described; In addition to possible different embodiments of the invention; Without departing from the range specified by the attached protection elements. From Yay wires reinforced; While any other ferromagnetic yo can be used, stainless steel is preferred over a non-magnetic material. Lad less important. Conventional metallic material Effectiveness and length/extendment of Cus ¢ anticorrosion protection on copper (less than required by copper anticorrosion protection 0 for example).

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Claims (1)

1-1 electric power transmission cable comprising: ¥ - at least one first section (FV YO) with cable armor elements (Iv 00 ) elements 3 made of first metallic material ¢ and - at least one second section (775; (YO) with cable (F028) armor elements 2 made of second metallic material second metallic material 1, where the second metallic material is largely free of ferromagnetism “The aforementioned sections are adjacent A longitudinally with respect to each other. 1 ?- Cable System Lai cable system for element 1, where the second metallic material ¥ is chosen in a group consisting of stainless steel ¥ copper ¥ copper brass bronze 1?- The cable according to element 1- where the second metallic All material has an electrical conductivity less than that of the first metallic material metallic material 0 1 4- The cable system according to the element? Where the second metallic material is “stainless steel consisting of stainless steel selected from stainless steel” consisting of austenitic stainless steel 0516016 B ~ o 1 cable according to the Cua element. The armour elements (Iv 20) in the Y section I (Yve ¢Y Yo) are butt welded to meet the armour elements. (5 August 2) v in the second section (2) (TY AR 1) - the cable according to item 1; where the armour elements (ives) are included - in the first section ( YY0 ¢YV0) with corresponding corresponding armour elements v (55”?b) in the second section (YYosvYo) by means of ferrules or nails .SCTEWS $ -1 1 La cable system for element 1- where the armour (ive ©) elements Y are welded in the first section (77254772) and the armour elements (* 7 August) oy in the second section (YYOeYYO) thus with a metal belt (A(£) +) metal belt 1 - the cable according to element 1 where the reinforcing elements (iroo) are wrapped In the first section (YYoeYYo) Y and the armour elements (75”b) in the second section (YYoevYo) Jey each other and overlap with each other. \ 4— The cable system according to item 11, where Jae anticorrosion protection Y is provided for the connection point between the armour elements (ire 0) in the first section (0) (YYoeY). And (F002) armour elements in Section 1 II (¥YoeYYo) YA according to item 9; Where the anti-corrosion protection includes the cable system -0 / inserted between (040) zine rods or zinc rods, anticorrosion protection Y bars and reinforcing elements (YYoeYvo) in the first section. (veo) armor elements v (TYoeYYo) “b) in the second section #8 (armor elements 3) according to element 3 (where the anti-corrosion protection extends cable system JAS System -11 1 meter in At least one direction from point 01 m to 1 for a length of 800001705100 protection Y (YrosYyo) in the first section (ives) armour elements v (YYosYYo) in the second section (V0 ) armor elements and reinforcement elements 3 JS where the anticorrosion protection 1011 extends according to the cable system element 10-1 meter from the point of contact between the elements 01 for a length from © meter to anticorrosion protection 7 armor In the first section (77254772) and the (ive ©) armour elements and reinforcement (77686775). In the second section (avo (elements 1 e) the anti-corrosion protection Cua OY extends according to the cable element system Cable element 1-1 (iv o °) armor elements to arm All from the connection point between the anticorrosion protection Y elements in the second section (Feo) armor elements and the reinforcement elements (YYoeY Yo) in the section The first v in the first section (iv 20) armor elements at least in the direction of the reinforcement elements (FYosyYo) $ (YToeYYo) o ive Yq 1 4 cable system according to OY aia where the anti-corrosion protection extends from the point of contact between the reinforcing elements (ir 00) armor elements v in the first section vo) 7? )) and the armour elements (Yoo) in the second section (YYOeY YO) $ of different or equal lengths to a large extent. zinc rods, where the zinc rods are Ve according to the cable system element - 15 1 armor elements from that of the reinforcing elements The round in shape with a diameter from 7660 to Y ab).© erro) y Yes