SA05260346B1 - Reduction of Power Consumption - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract The present invention relates to a method for temporarily reducing the consumption of electrical energy used for cooling of buildings, whereby the store cooling energy is stored in a slab or a wall, and the method includes the step of storing cooling energy in at least part of the slab (4 ) or wall (1, 2, 3) so that, during at least one period of time the transmission grid system can supply the cooling machine with the necessary electrical power, and supply the cooling machine to the channels (5) placed in the slab (4) or wall (1, 2, 3) with the incoming cooled air, and on the step that during high load of the transmission grid system, the electrical power consumption of the cooling machine is reduced (28) and at the same time the incoming air is carried through the building Through the aforementioned channels (5), so that when the incoming air enters the channel (5) it is warmer than the surface of the adjacent slab or wall surface adjacent to the incoming air supply air terminal devices (6), and thus the cooling energy stored before in the slab (4) or wall (1, 2, 3) for incoming air cooling. Figure (3).

Description

Reduction of power consumption Full description BACKGROUND The present invention relates to a method for temporarily reducing the energy consumption used in cooling of buildings. In recent years, the increased use of electricity has resulted in overloading production capacity 0 units and electrical transmission network systems 385 . Above all, this is concerned with highly developed city centers with huge numbers of offices, where it is necessary to provide these buildings with the energy needed for lighting; terminal computers; Above all, we have prepared the refrigeration equipment. The latter, of course, is of more interest in hot climates, for example, near the equator. The reason for the overloading of the electrical transmission network systems is the lack of available power for the Lexie cooling machines. The offices are open in the morning and all the refrigeration equipment is turned on at about the same time. During the rest of the day, energy consumption increases as the outside temperatures increase and the incoming air to ventilate the offices needs to be cooled more. to be able to cool the incoming air during the critical period; It takes 1 - quite drastic measures sometimes. For example, the energy administration of a country may require that the energy consumption of a building be reduced by 750 © hours. Increasing the cost of energy consumed during a specific time of day is also a way to reduce energy consumption.

A method was developed to address the lack of electrical power used in cooling machines, a cooling machines; In cities near oceans or great lakes one can get direct cooling provided the water in the ocean or lake is cool enough; By burying huge insulated pipes in the streets that supply the buildings with the necessary 0 _ cooling water energy through heat exchangers; Thus, the energy consumed by cooling machines is reduced. The air handling and cooling units used in this method of cooling are mainly operated only during office hours. In this way the impact on the local marine environment in the long term is still unclear and area cooling has many drawbacks. The investment cost is high and the buildings must be sufficiently close to each other as well as close to the water supply system in order for it to be economically and practicable to use district cooling. This greatly limits the use of this method. Another method developed to address the lack of electrical power dl Sl used in cooling machines is evaporative cooling in which the cooling air is cooled by wetting it with water. In more advanced units both incoming air and return air are humidified vo and lad rotary heat exchangers and dryers are used. The method can in many cases replace mechanical refrigeration but there is a limitation to its use in very hot climates or in hot climates with high air humidity. Mainly the processing and cooling units used in this cooling method only work during office hours. Another method developed to address the lack of electrical power © used in cooling machines is the use of tanks to store cold water

og - suddenly cooled; or an ice cooler where the cold is stored in water or ice tanks to eliminate peaks in energy consumption during office hours by means of a refrigeration machine that operates oll office hours and cools the cabinets; The stored cold is then used to minimize the operation of the cooling machine during the hours of maximum load of the transmission grid systems lla. electrical transmission network systems 0 A problem with the above-mentioned cooling method is that it needs a separate storage unit to isolate the cooling energy produced. Another problem is that it is expensive and complex. General description of the invention The problem of the need for a separate storage method to isolate the cooling energy was solved according to the invention by providing a method to temporarily reduce the consumption of electrical energy used in cooling buildings according to the protection element (1). The advantage of the method used to temporarily reduce the consumption of electrical energy used in cooling of buildings, which includes the features mentioned in Claim (1), is that it is possible to perform an uncomplicated and economically effective temporary reduction in the consumption of electric energy. electrical power used in cooling of buildings A brief explanation of the drawings The invention will be described in more detail later by referring to the attached drawings, where: Figure (1) shows a plan for a house consisting of units in the form of a horizontal projection through one floor Figure (Y) showing a plan of a unit slab having five hollow channels (hollow cores 0 (¢) through which incoming air can flow;

Q —_— _ Figure (0) shows a flow diagram for part of the building; Figure (4) shows computer simulated cooling powers for the invention method and a traditional method; Figure (°) shows ejector SME that increases Room air cooling °Definitions: Recirculated room air is defined as the air entering the building recycled and return air without adding air from outside Exhausted air is defined as the air leaving the building through an exhaust fan Incoming air is defined as circulating air To the room The incoming air unless otherwise stated 0 consists of recirculated room air; recirculated room air with the addition of outside air; or outside air alone Cooling power Led is defined as the power emitted by the cooling machine In the air Detailed description: The present invention relates to a method for temporarily reducing the consumption of electrical power 10 used in cooling buildings, Cus cooling of buildings Store cooling s energy is stored in a slab or wall and includes the steps Store cooling energy in at least part of the slab or wall; So that during at least one period of time the electric transmission network system can supply de DU electrical power to the cooling machine and supply YEN

ha —_ _ channels placed in the slab or wall by the cooling incoming air cooling machine ¢ lily at least one period of time when overloading the transmission grid system the electric power consumption used is reduced In the cooling machine ° and at the same time moving the incoming air through the building through the aforementioned channels so that when the incoming air enters the channel it is warmer than the surface of the adjacent slab or the surface of the wall adjacent to the peripheral means of air The incoming ' thus uses the cooling energy previously stored in the slab or wall to cool the cold air. In order for us to be able to use the invention to the fullest extent, the ceiling surfaces may not be covered, for example, with 0 compact false ceilings, which impede the absorption of the energy generated in the room into the slab. Conventional office buildings are provided with false ceilings and are placed so that there is a large distance below the load-bearing slab so that the space obtained is sufficient for example to contain the supply lines a pl for each room sra electricity; heating ‘, cooling 3, incoming air 1 ¢, returning air; data; etc. Thus dle) the internal energy generated can be stored in the KK 3 A AR ™ chamber. Efficient. The slabs in a known style may be precast hollow core slabs of concrete; Or concrete slabs with buried channels. the

- Figure (1) shows a plan for a house of units in the form of a horizontal sector through the floor; more precisely, it is a roof slab under which there are a number of rooms A and B and a corridor C. Rooms A and B are surrounded by outer walls (1) (1) room-separating walls (0). Each room A consists of three modules (£) each of 017 XY meters (see fig. oY where in each unit there are three connected channels (0) through which the incoming air passes from A; in the ceiling of the corridor C there is a terminal means of conductor (1) and a channel for the incoming air (7) which is connected via vertical tunnels to the fan chamber on the ceiling. That incoming air from the unit (;) flows through the incoming air terminal (A) compartment A. Returning air from compartments A goes through 0 overflow terminal in sed wall not shown (SAL) out of the corridor and into This case works as a collection channel to carry more of it into the fan room The floor slab in room A is used in the same way as the ceiling slab to distribute the incoming air in this case to the room below room A The modules (€) are stacked on the facade walls Figure (Y) shows a diagram of a unit slab having five hollow channels (hollow cores); incoming air flows through them; According to the gra galleries in Figure (1), three of them are connected to distribute the incoming air. Figure (7) shows a flow diagram for a part of the building, and how those units shown in Figure (1) and Figure (Y) are connected to a diagram. Building flow One unit in each room was taken as a model The cooling and air exchange equipment for the building includes an incoming air fan (01) supply air fan and a

A - return air 0 (¥ 1 ) return air fan, there is an af oY Y ) heat exchanger, a cooling battery (YY) cooling battery, and four motorized cut-off valves () and 0?)”, (YT) and (YY) the cooling machine (YA) is fed by cooling batteries “for example; with water to cool the incoming air. Via 0 of sell (Y4) Via return air terminals, the return air in fan C (see Fig. 1) is transported back to the fan chamber. The unit operates in the following way: During office hours, the (Y1) valve is closed, the (YY) rotating heat exchanger is turned on, the fans (10) and (YY) are turned on, and the other valves are opened. . Outside air comes in through the (Y¢) valve or 0 passes through the fan (01) and is cooled through the (YY) cooling battery and is also conveyed through the slab units (£) To the different chambers The returning air is sucked through the peripheral device ol sel Returning in the corridor to return it to the fan chamber Ld Offices are closed The fan is turned on (71) The fan (YY) and the heat exchanger are turned off (YY) exchanger and valves (1?) and (77) open. The unit from the terminal device (Y9) via the valve (7?) to the fan (V+) and is cooled through the cooling battery (YY) via the unit (;) to exit again from the chambers. This means that the room air is recirculated in the building since no outside air is added. when high electrical power capacity is available; The slabs are cooled. Whereas, during the closing hours of 0 offices; Only room air is recirculated via cooling batteries ¢ so Yet

a — _ requires less cooling energy since no outside air is added during this period of time but energy consumption may increase if the incoming air temperature is reduced by 2 degrees. iA Soa One may use a heat exchanger between the outside air and the exhaust air; preferably with high efficiency; This is for exchanging heat to cool the incoming air to the required oo temperature. The energy used in the refrigeration machine and the energy consumption increase when this method is used. Calculation example: Purpose: An office room of area + Ta) with a façade of 3.7 m (x vel ll 01 m units) is placed on the west façade in a hot climate. Maximum outside temperature £7m6 ids temperature 19m0 0 incoming air temperature 61m0 each room has 2 people for a duration of A - 17 hrs and the internal energy used is GUY) calculators; printers; etc. in the same period Yo watt/m. The refrigeration capacity of the unit operating according to the invention is +7 of that of a conventional mechanical refrigeration unit operating for a period of 11 = 11 hours. Similar chambers are placed above and below the chamber for which the calculations are made. The calculations were made by the computer program (IDA Indoor Climate And Energy (ICE)) EQUAIS Vo if and then the calculations were made so that the temperature of the above-mentioned office room having an area of about Y ¢ Ca m without reduction in energy; Ye l/sec more incoming air flow is required in the conventional case compared to the method of the invention. A total flow of 71 L/sec and 506 L/sec respectively is required. The reason for this is that in the conventional state the unit only operates as EAR

- 1.

During office work, a larger part of the energy produced in the room must be cooled directly as it cannot be stored. Figure (4) shows computer simulation cooling energies of the invention method and a traditional method during a time period of zero - YE hours.

0 The electrical power used for all cooling is usually about 56 7 of the incoming cooling power. The conventional method requires a maximum cooling power of 1980 watts between hours A and clock VY and a maximum cooling power of 7050 watts between 11 and 17 hours to keep the temperature at YE m. The power between 11 am and 11 am has been reduced to 1101 watts

0, which is about 7,855 of the maximum power of 0,056 watts. During the office closing period from 11 o'clock until A, the cooling machine is stopped. In the traditional case, the room temperature rises at 11 o'clock to about 771.8 m. In this case, it requires a large investment in additional costly equipment; Such as cooling water tanks to reach the specific saving effect.

1 The method of the invention requires a maximum power of 0101 watts during the time period between 8 o'clock and 11 o'clock and a maximum power of 1101 between 11 o'clock and VW o'clock so that the temperature does not exceed 76 C . This corresponds to about 00 of the cooling power in the normal state. Between 11 o'clock and 11 o'clock the power decreases to Toe watts; This is about 0 of the conventional maximum power of 70,050 watts.

YEN

11 - During the office closing period between VY and 8 o'clock, the cooling effect does not exceed 9080 watts; It corresponds to an air temperature of 61°C where only room air is recirculated in the building and no outside air is required. This is because there are no or very few people in the building during closed office or non-operational hours. After cooling the slab by the incoming air 1 whose temperature is 61°C between 11 and 11 o’clock (this happens between 117 and 8 o’clock by recirculating room air without adding external air) it will give the resulting reduction In energy consumption during the time period 11 o'clock to 11 o'clock The incoming air temperature is about A YY in this case. This incoming ef sell will warm the interior of the slab between 11 o'clock and 11 o'clock at the same time that the surface layer of the slab has sufficient cooling capacity until 0 the chamber air does not exceed the chosen temperature limit; which in this case is 74 m. Thus, the slab 5H will be heated from the inside and outside during a limited period of time. Energy needs correspond to (power x time); In this case kWh with the area enclosed by the power curves. As both buildings have the same insulation specifications; Theoretically, they require the same amount of energy during the dels YE period, but since the invention uses cold night air to cool ve cooling machines; A better efficiency corresponding to an energy saving of approximately 7 01 per year is obtained. In the traditional case, the room has suspended ceilings. According to the invention, the operating temperature (= test temperature = average room temperature and temperature on the surfaces surrounding the chamber) is lower than room temperature. Whereas, the tested temperature is lower than the actual room temperature; It looks colder than what the Ye gauge shows. In the traditional case, almost the opposite happens.

- 17 According to the invention, the reason for the significant reduction of energy and flow depends on a number of combined elements:

idling time: that is, when energy consumption is reduced; It is limited. The five-hour segment between 11 and 11 o'clock could not be prolonged any longer in this example without the temperature of the room rising to unacceptable levels; In the arithmetic example, it exceeds YE m. This depends on oe the temperature outside; the percentage of humidity in the air; the degree of density in the building; isolation level; z and room air recirculation level; internal energy consumption; etc. Say within a short period of time huge energy savings of more than 7 Ve which occur in this example without the room temperature exceeding VE m. For example the cooling unit can be completely switched off

So that the energy is reduced to zero within two hours.

0 The slab as an energy store must have adequate capacity (ALS) and be able to convey the necessary air in the hollow channels. The slab surfaces i.e. ceiling and floor surfaces must be easily accessible i.e. thick carpets must be placed; suspended ceilings; sound absorbent barriers; in such a way that heat transfer is not impeded by convection or radiation to a large extent. The largest part of the energy generated in the room during real time should be transferred from 11 o'clock to

1_101 o'clock to the slab so that it can be carried away during the other hours of the day by the cool incoming air formed during office shutdown from recycled room air. There are a number of alternative embodiments to the method now mentioned and they fall within the scope of the innovative idea of reducing more cooling energy. A convincing possibility is that incoming airflow will be reduced over a short period when the electrical transmission network system is highly loaded.

- vy the air flow so that people don't smell; building materials; humidity; etc. disturbing. This corresponds to a limit of approximately room liters/second per person. In rooms 01 - + less than daa air flow that does not produce high internal heat and/or a hot external climate AW separating walls room-separating walls mentioned incoming air flow rates are sufficient; To cool the cabin air 50 l/sec in order to meet the comfort requirements. As can be seen from the previous example; It takes 0

A l/sec in conventional condition for a good indoor climate. If 1 is chosen for the invention; f l/sec per person in the drawn state according to the invention; This corresponds to 4600/17 = 0.4 times the original flow; i.e. flow less than .+ times over a short period of time; Which corresponds to 60 7 less

Fo of cooling power over the same time period. According to Figure (4); The method of the invention reduces the energy to 7 610 L if within one hour the combined flow and/or power is reduced by an additional 0 W. Yeon from the original power of 7 17 = 7 Ye 7 0.4 Total energy will become. M 1 - .. 0 In this case, it is possible to accept a small increase in the temperature of the room by the amount of it, as shown in Figure (4), to insert a cual ejector. Another convincing possibility is to reduce the power of a low-consuming machine or fan energy in the floor channels (69) and through which the (£Y) ejector is carried out so that the chamber air is sucked (7;) Tee generated motive force by the incoming air or the fan 1 and after passing through the terminal means of incoming air and ( ;;) A slab cooled in the slab participates in the cooling of the room. However, in the aforementioned model, slabs were used to store cooling energy.

Jt can also be stored in the walls of store cooling energy, or in combination with it, cooling energy can also be stored in the interior and/or exterior walls of buildings in a similar way. xs

TER

Claims (1)

P1 - Elements of Protection 1-1 A method to temporarily reduce the consumption of electrical power, electrical power Y, used in cooling of buildings » where V is stored cooling energy @ Balata slab or wall The ¢ includes the steps: © - Store cooling energy at least part of the slab 7 (€) or wall (1 7 “) so that during a period At least one time V can supply electrical power to the cooling machine cde SU A and supply the cooling machine to the channels (©) placed in the slab 9 (8) or the wall wall (1 ¥¢”) with the incoming cooled air; It is also characterized by the following Ye step: a high load of the transmission grid system; The iN electrical power consumption 7 reduces cooling (YA) and at the same time the incoming air is transported through 0" of the building through the aforementioned channels (0) so that when the incoming air enters the channel 04 () it will be ld from the adjacent slab surface or adjacent wall surface Ne to the incoming air terminal means (1); thus using the cooling energy previously stored in the slab (4) or wall (FY;0) wall to cool the incoming air. or the lead element (7); characterized by the step that it is done Vo — - 7 store cooling energy in prefabricated VY hollow cores or cast-in-situ concrete slabs ¢ on site with embedded channels embedded channels. 1 +- A method according to any of the preceding claims is characterized by the step that Y store cooling energy is stored in at least part of slab AD (£) or wall (VY OV) wall ¥ so that During at least one period of time no air is added; - outside and the cooled room air is recirculated by the cooling a dll machine © in the channels (0) indicated in the slab (£) or the wall 1) A ¥( )0 A method according to any of the preceding protections is characterized by a step in which ¥ the electrical power consumption used in All cooling (YA) machine ¥ is reduced by reducing the incoming air flow during At least one period of time ¢ when the electrical transmission network system is highly loaded © 1 +- method according to which of the foregoing claims is characterized by the step of being assisted by (£Y) ejector 7 or fan further cooling of the room air is effected by those parts of the ela ¥ of the room which pass through the slab (£) or the wall (AF YY) wall Yes