SA02220637B1 - A method for measuring the properties of mud and formation in the downhole - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for determining the properties of the mud mixture surrounding the drilling tool inside the borehole that receives the drilling tool. The method involves rotating the tool in the borehole. Power is supplied to the borehole from a power source installed in the tool. The measurement signals are received by a sensor installed in the tool from a position around the wellbore. borehole The cross-section of the borehole borehole is separated into a first sector and at least a second sector. The first measurement signal from the first sector is mainly in response to the feedback energy that results from the interaction of the used energy with the mud mixture. The second measurement signal from the second sector is essentially a response to the feedback energy that results from the interaction of the energy used with the formation. The indication of the intrinsic properties of the mud mixture can be deduced from the measurement signs associated with the first sector of the wellbore. ,

Description

Y — b method for measuring mud properties and formation at bottomhole i Full description

background of the invention

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the fluid properties of a borehole

The characteristics of geological formations are of great importance in exploration and production

Subsurface Mineral Deposits » Jia Oil and Gas. and many more properties; Jha hydrocarbon size, porosity ¢ and lithology properties of rocks; and permeability

¢ configuration; It can be deduced from certain quantities that can be measured. Among these quantities is permeability

Density ¢, neutron porosity ¢, and electrophotogenic factor 010106166016

hydrogen index; salinity; and cross section

To trap the thermal neutron (sigma). Typically, quantities are measured by logging-while-drilling ('LWD') tools and wireline tools. And the tools are loaded

One or more sources that radiate energy into the formation and sensors that sense it

As a result of radiation, these detectors either send data back up the holes

Or it is stored temporarily at the bottom of the blisters. And on al » Once you go up

up the hole, the data is entered into one or more formation evaluation models; \o which is typically a computer program used to assess geological formation

dll from which the data was collected.

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In addition to the composition; The fluids in the pimple pit are also of interest. Each of its own

And its impact on measurements directed to evaluate the composition. and newly; Tempeze is typically a borehole

Blisters ("drilling mud") at the surface and its properties are calculated

By extrapolation from the conditions of the pustule pit. There are factors that can change dfs temperature © ; pressure; And the installation of silt in both space and time along the hole

virgin. in addition to ; New clay formations are constantly being developed in the industry.

US Patent No. 2,1851165 discloses; issued to the inventor Antikiw; for a measuring device

Fluid density for use in oil production wells. Density is determined by forcing the blister fluid through

through the chamber of the device. The fluid attenuates the gamma radiation beam sls 0 that crosses the room; The relative changes in the intensity of the beam give a standard of intensity for which we dada,

US Patent No. 5,517,196 discloses; issued to the inventor, Winters; remote device

To use splatter dads to show the difference in densities between the two hy fluids. And the device is formed; for use with

measurement-while-drilling (MDW) systems; Inside a drill collar, a blister with 1 source of radiation is installed so that it can be removed in the wall of the drill ring. Two radiation detectors are placed on the

least at an equal distance from the radiation source with one of the detectors adjacent to the hole

The inner central through the drilling ring and the second detection device adjacent to the outer surface of the well ring.

Two fluid sample chambers are placed far apart between the radiation source and the detectors. Respectively ;

One of the two chambers to divert the fluid from the pit and the other chamber to divert the fluid from the annular space 0? annular space between the drill hole and the drill ring. Suitable circuits are connected to the detectors to produce

A discrimination signal that is basically proportional to the difference in radiation received at the two detectors. The difference in density between the fluid passing through the drilling ring and the return through the annular void is detected and is indicated by the device for early detection and prevention of sudden flows, blowouts. US Patent No. 5,457,875 is revealed; issued by the inventor Murphy and others about a system for detecting changes in the density of drilling fluids at the bottom of the well during the drilling process, which includes a radiation source and a detection device, which is placed in the outer wall of the drill pipe string to measure the density of drilling fluids passing between the source and the detection device. Radiation counters detected at the blister bed are sent to the surface by telemetry or recorded at the blister bed; Where these tools are analyzed to determine the occurrence of mud influx emission in the drilling fluid 0 from the ground formations. Changes in the silt density at the bottom of the blister may indicate the emission of formation fluids in the borehole. These changes in emission are specific to the changing formation factors, including the excessive pressures that may lead to gas kicks in the drilling well. Gaseous shocks are likely to result from sudden outflows; Which of course should be avoided as much as possible. The appearance of a hydrocarbon could be an indication of the possible formation of fluids. In one of the systems, the radiation source and the sample detector are placed in a wall belonging to the drill pipe rope to give direct transmission on the line of gamma rays through the drilling fluid. US Patent No. 5,194,500 discloses; issued to the inventor, Paske, and others; For a system for recording subsurface formation data to determine formation density using gamma radiation. The source of gamma rays and the means of detection are installed inside a casing prepared to be placed inside the drilling hole to emit and detect the gamma rays that propagate through the earth formations and drilling fluids in the drilling holes. Include a method

The discovery of gamma rays on two gamma radiation sensors, first and second, installed geometrically inside the envelope at the same longitudinal distance from the source of gamma rays and diagonally opposite each other in a common plane. The critical signal produces the intensity of the formation mass in proportion to the output signal from all gamma ray sources and in association with certain coffins constructed with a specific geometry of the sensors with respect to the gamma ray source and the diameter of the pits, Fo. The formation density is determined without regard to the diagonal position to achieve registration inside the drilled dome when measuring in the drilling position. US Patent No. 5,177 reveals 0.0; issued to the inventor.2607 and others for a nuclear recording device. Nuclear detectors and electronic components are all installed in chambers inside the satellite wall with removable covers attached to the chambers. 1 single overhead line spans for both power and signal connections; Through the slave wall between each end of the tool. And this connection line ends at Jia ga, a standard ring placed on each end of the tool. This configuration of the instrument (includes sensors and electronics mounted on the slave wall; single power and signal conduction; and ring conductors) is also well suited to other formation evaluation tools used in measurement-while-drilling applications. yo reveals US Patent No. 0,515,779; issued to inventor Moake and others; About the caliper calibration device and method (wld) diameter of the drill hole; standoff Ss drill tool from the walls of the drill hole during the drilling process. The device includes three or more sensors; such as transducers ©: 80500 acoustic energy placed circumferentially around the bottom blister tool or drill ring.The transducers send ultrasonic signals to the bore hole wall through the drilling fluid surrounding the drill string and receive the signals reflected back from the wall.

= the transmission times of these signals to calculate the dimension data for these transformers. Dimensity measurements can be used to calculate the borehole diameter; the difference in the center of the tool in the drilling hole; And the angle of eccentricity for the position of the power transformer. Eccentricity and angle calculations can be used to detect the normal movements of the drill string in the drill hole; Jie sticking; And the noise, banging, and spinning © vorticity Astaltnty ». US Patent No. 0,177,154 discloses; issued to the inventor Holenka and others; A method and device for measuring formation properties as a function of the angular space sectors around the excavation holes. The measuring device includes a tool for recording while drilling, which rotates in the hole during drilling. And the properties Jia apparent bulk density » and the photoelectric effect (PEF) 0; the porosity of a neutron; The ultrasonic standoff dimension is all measured as a function of these angular distance sectors, where one of these sectors is determined to contain this part of the “down” or earth's gravity vector, which is in the plane of the plane. Sectional cross sectional diagonal radial of the tool 0 and the measurement is accomplished either with a generally cylindrical tool which generally touches the bottom of the borehole vo while the tool rotates in an inclined borehole inclined or with a tool centered with stabilizer blades in the borehole. US Patent No. 6,077,017 describes; issued to the inventor Wijeeyesekera and others; By a method and device to determine the porosity of the geological formation surrounding a well, closed with cased tubes. The method also includes the generation of neutron pulses 5 — irradiate 0 the area adjacent to the well; The neutrons are sensed by a group of detectors spaced far apart

y = - each other axially, and a group of neutron detector count rates 0 is obtained, and the timing measurement is obtained at one of the spacings to measure the first depth of the search. The ratio of AE rates to the neutron detector is obtained to measure the second depth of the investigation. The apparent intensity is calculated using time measurements and neutron neutrality rate ratios. And the effect of blister packing on the calculated apparent density is determined; A response to at least one of the ratios of Be rates of the neutron detector and timing measurements. The cemented annular space is calculated based on the ratios of neutron counting rates and timing measurements. The formation porosity is calculated by correcting the apparent porosity of the casing and cement annulus. US Patent No. 1,175,777 is revealed; issued to the inventor Weirich and others; About the ld ds aS J is cu) inl ia cs iad assembly Tan sin 1 A drill assembly transported to the bottom of the well by means of a set of pipes (usually a drill pipe or coiled tubing). The drill assembly includes a bottom assembly (BHA) Jul and a drill bit. It is preferable that all bottom assembly contain sensors commonly used for measuring during drilling. The load of the drill pipe rope contains a variety of sensors to determine the different properties of the drilling fluid at the bottom of the well. sense organs are provided to determine intensity; viscosity; flow rate and clarity; compressibility; pressure; And the temperature of the drilling fluid at the location of one or more blisters. Chemical detection sensors are installed to detect the presence of gas (Hiss (methane) in the drilling assembly. Sensors are also installed to determine density, viscosity, pH, solid content of the fluid 0, and fluid purity. Fluid compressibility and spectroscopy in HBA The data received from these sensors can be processed at the al bottom and/or at the surface.

Y - Take corrective measures at the surface tol on the bottom of the well measurements; which may require changing the composition of the drilling fluid; or change the drilling fluid pumping rate; Or turn off to clean the blister hole. The drilling system contains one or more models; Which can be stored in memory at the bottom of the wart or at the surface. These models are used by the bottom-of-the-well processor and the surface computer to determine the desired fluid d variables for continuous drilling. The drilling system is dynamic; In that the bedwell fluid sensor data is used to update the models and calculation methods while drilling for the bedhole and then the updated models are then used for the continuous drilling operations. There is still a need for a technique to measure the properties of formation and borehole fluids with a bottom ll . And when applied in LWD; This technique is preferred to take advantage of the rotation of the tool during drilling to clear the environment of the formation / yu silt. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a method for determining the characteristics of the mud mixture surrounding the drilling tool dala the blister hole that receives the drilling shal. The method includes rotating said tool into said blister hole; and power supply to said ll hole from a power source fitted in said tool; and record the measurement signals 1 that are received at the sensor installed in the said instrument from a position around the said blistering hole; Separation of a transverse section of the blast pit, essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blast pit, at least into a first sector and a second sector; Whereby, the first measurement signal from the first mentioned sector is mainly a response to the feedback energy that results from the interaction of the energy used with the aforementioned slurry mixture; The second measurement signal from said second sector is vy. Basically a response to the feedback energy that results from the interaction of the applied energy with said configuration; qo

(_ — 4 —_

And deducing the indication of the intrinsic characteristics of the aforementioned silt mixture from the mentioned first measurement signal associated with the first sector of the said blister pit. Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be evident from the following description and the appended claims. z pi is short for graphics:

The invention may be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; which similar reference numbers characterize similar items ¢ which have: Figure (1): Illustrative schematic diagram of a Logging While Drilling (LWD) tool in the blister hole connected in tandem with other Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tools above the drill bit Drill bit is at the end of the drill pipe rope to squirt oil and gas in a section of the blister which is mainly horizontal.

Figure (Y): A schematic longitudinal cross-section of the LWD device which can be used in the method according to the invention ¢ showing the neutron source and neutron detectors; dad gamma source and gamma ray detectors; an ultrasonic detection device; which produces neutron data for silt or composition; gamma data for silt or formation; and ultrasonic signal data respectively. Figure (*): shows a sectional view of the tool in the wellbore with silt.

ve Figure (a): shows a sectional view of the tool in the blister pit and the nearby detectors heading to the silt. Figure (b): shows a sectional view of the instrument in the blister pit and the distant detectors heading to the silt.

— a - Ve. = Figure (ea): shows a cross-sectional view of the tool in the pimple pit and the nearby detectors heading towards the formation. Figure 0: A detection device heading towards the formation. A: Shows a cross-sectional view of the tool in Pit 1. Figure 0 and a detection device heading towards the silt. All Figure (1): Shows a cross-sectional view of the tool in A hole illustrating a cross-sectional view of the tool in the borehole and one of the detectors heading towards the silt; According to the invention, it relies on the fact that the 0 logging device (screws; including logging while drilling; tends to rest on the bottom of a non-vertically inclined wellbore) as a result of gravity, and because the diameter of the borehole is typically greater than There is typically a void primarily between the wall ¾ diameter of the top scorer of the wellbore and the outer surface of the scorer. Selected types of scorers have a response that is oriented horizontally, primarily because J sense to record the results of vo and some of these senses 0. The position of the sensors and the source of the associated energy sources shall have a diagonal or lateral depth of exploration which is small enough so that when the sensors are directed towards the upper wall of the wellbore, the response of the sensor is the space between the device and the borehole wall. The borehole and the Slay are initially associated with the properties of the drilling mud which

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directing the same sensers toward the bottom of the wellbore; Its response is, in principle, related to the properties of the earth formations adjacent to the pimple pit. The directional nature of the response of these sensors can be used in the embodiments of the invention to determine the properties of silt in a wellbore; Using sensor measurements that were made when the sensors were directed towards the upper wall of the yall pit. As

o Ba will be explained here; Devices known in the field of science can be used to determine the direction of gravity of the sense organs. To summarize some of the methods according to the invention; The direction of gravity of the sensors in the logging device is determined in hole J and the wellbore is divided horizontally into at least two sectors; One includes the bottom of the wellbore. The other bottom does not include the bottom of the blister pit. When a device rotates

0 Recording while drilling inside the borehole; The energy source(s) emits energy which interacts with the silts of the drilling and formations. The detector's response to the direction of rotation is recorded. The properties of drilling silt are determined from the response of the sensor in the sector that does not include the bottom of the extrusion hole. It is possible to determine the characteristic of the earth formation from the response of the sensor in the sector that includes the bottom of the Jad crater. The numbers and angle measurements of each segment can be chosen to suit your type

10 with the sensory system. Figure 1 shows the 001 Score While Drilling (LWD) attached in tandem to the Ly drill assembly includes the +0 drill bit. An accompanying 00" electronics unit and a ©1/870 tool in Jill spots are also attached. Including magnetometers and accelerometers In tandem with the .001 LWD instrument The Ye unit may be a separate 'follower' or it may be mounted in a shal body

| Ne LWD -

Z.0

B - D - Lad can supply the 50860 communication follower as shown in the drilling assembly. The 001 LWD tool is shown for illustrative purposes as if it were in the pile portion of the blister hole at the end of the drill string 6 which rotates into the blister hole 11 formed in formation A by penetration of bit 0 . And the drilling rig 0 rotates the drill pipe dis 6 . And the pial tower includes an engine? which

oo drives the alias drilling shaft © by means of a rotary table ?. It includes a drill string + drill string segments connected end-to-end to a ribbed drill rod © and thus rotates with it. It connects the MWD 700 tool and the electronics unit ©0000 ; and Instrument 1870 001 and Telecom Follower 500 all in tandem with a tether. Drill pipes 6. And those accessories and tools form the bottom G8 drill assembly between the “drill rope” of the drill pipe and the 0 5 drill bit.

VY dl forming hole #0 drill pipe + down hole assembly; The drill bit is dis and at a rotation of 0 and in one of the models; The drilling fluid or “silt” is forced by A through the underground formation through 1 and a rotating injector head 11 via a stand pipe 1” from the mud hole 11 a center pump discharged from the drill shaft polygon 7 and drill pipe rope 6; And the assembly of drilling the bottom hole by orientation and by carrying cuts or chips 50 to the bit 00 . This silt lubricates the drill bit

1 Blister pit upwards to the surface through the annular space. 01 In another embodiment; The drilling fluid or “silt” is forced by the pump 11 from the mud hole VY through a vertical pipe Ve and a rotary injector head 1 through the annular tray 01 heading to the bit 00 ; Silt returns through bit 0 ; and for assembly drill bottom hole; through the drill pipe + rope; To the hollow center of the polygonal drill rod? The silt returns to the silt hole 11, where it separates from the cuts of the drill hole, etc

6. the like; gas is removed from it; and return to use again; to the drill pipe rope vy

yya {ds - Communications follower 50860 can receive output signals from the 001 LWD shal sensors and from the computers in the wellbore electronics unit ©0800 and the 0060 MWD tool. The £0 communication function is designed to send audio coded signals representing these output signals to the surface through the mud path of the drill string 6 and the JA downhole assembly. These acoustic signals are sensed by the transducer, YY, in the upright tube, Vo, where these acoustic signals are detected in the VE surface equipment. follow 500 contacts; Including surface equipment necessary for contact with it ¢ May be positioned as a downhole and surface device disclosed in US Patent No. 018 EVE, £, US Patent No. 5,177,179. The communications follower may include a communications device disclosed in US Patent No. 460 OYTO 0 A tool that records results while drilling (LWD): Figure (Y) shows a view of the .001 LWD tool and it may be the normal structure of a body LWD device and associated sensors identical to that described in US Patent No. 5,879,557 by Wraight et al.; US Patent No. 0,AVY VYA for inventor Wraight; And US Patent No. 8,477,157 for the inventor, Holenka and others. Those patents describe the sll for recording results while I dig; In particular, the compensated density neutron tool used in the measurements of recording results during drilling of formation properties. It may include other optional tool equipment. : 001 LWD (0) 117 ultrasonic sensor which is added to the assembly and (Y) mounting blades. The addition of one or more mounting blades (not shown) is a replacement model for the 001 TWD tool as shown In the form of (b), where the tool deviates from the wall of the drill hole, but it is not centered in the drill hole (vo) and is used with the methods of the invention as will be described later. z qo.

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The 014 TWD instrument may include a 014 neutron source; And neutron detectors on

Near and/or far distance 010 and 017 at positions axially separated from the source

a

It may also include a gamma ray source 011 and gamma ray detectors at short or long distance 018 and 101 . The 001 TWD may also include an ultrasonic transducer 111 for measuring

2 the tool on the wall of the drilling hole. The ultrasonic transducer and system are described in the patent

US No. 2,1,8 issued by the inventor, Urban and others.

And in one of the models; The number of sources (for neutrons; gamma rays; and/or ultraviolet rays) can vary

my voice) li, for work environment. In an alternative model; It is not necessary to attach the LWD shawl 100 to the drill string + and may simply be lowered into the wellbore 11 during stoppage activities.

drilling. And in one of the models; There is only one source and one detector on the Vo LWD shal ¢

so that the measurements of the different parts of the drill hole can be made after the tool is raised; lower it; wrap it up;

and/or recycle it. And in the AT model; There are a bunch of sources and detectors on sal

001 LWD; so that the measurements of the different parts of the drill hole can be made after lifting; lower; 1 Twist and/or rotate the tool. And in another model; The 0111.870 tool can hold a combination of

Each type of detector is arranged horizontally around the Vo TWD device so that the LWD device may not need to be rotated.

0 in order to carry out measurements for the different parts of the drilling QF. And in another ised; are there

multiple separate tools (not shown); And each carries only one type of source with

suitable reagents; Ya may be distributed from the single 1870 001 instrument (ig) carrying all v. sources and receivers.

- oh and - and in another form; The 001 LWD instrument has a position for detectors and the ability to determine the direction of the instrument; so that measurements of count rates can be obtained; spectrum and angle of the tool with respect to "gravity" and/or vertical, for example, which can be analyzed to produce silt and formation properties. In the AT model, a cable-drilling (WL) or LWD tool is provided which makes one of the measurements on The least 0 is in depth so that it is equal to or less than the difference between the nominal diameter of the drill bit and the outer diameter of the tool.This measurement can focus Ll, for example to within about a degree at most.In another embodiment, the tool can operate off-center inside the borehole and having a known orientation, determined either by measuring its direction dynamically or by some other means known in the field of science, eg at the bottom of the borehole, or rolled slightly up from the bottom in any direction 0. An upward rotation of the bottom can cause By friction between the tool and the drill bit when the tool is rotated.In one embodiment, the 1,870 001 tool can make surface concentration measurements that gather when the spatial region to which the measurements are highly sensitive is superimposed on crescent-shaped silts (and crescent-shaped silts). TY is also named because of the crescent-shaped annular chicks 1 formed in the borehole VY as a result of the oblique position of the tools 1,870 001). These measurements are mainly related to the properties of silt. And in another model; Data can be collected when the critical area overlaps significantly on a formation and may be primarily related to the characteristics of the formation. And in the AT model; The 1/770 001 instrument may perform both types of measurement. The data collected from these measurements can be obtained simultaneously from different detectors or sequentially ust© the orientation of the instrument intentionally or as secondary results of rotation. The instrument may make additional measurements which need not be superficial or focused. The data from all measurements can then be combined with knowledge

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The response of the instrument to accurately produce the DIS properties of silt and formation. Alluvial or formation properties that may be measured include density; ; the photoelectric factor; and hydrogen coefficient; and degree

salinity; neutron porosity; The cross section of thermal neutron capture (sigma). And in one of the models; The 1,870 001 tool is a neutron tool for horizontal density measurement + eg Vision 825 ADN shale (brand of Schlumberger). This tool is a silk loop LWD nuclear tool generally used in drilling of drilled trapezoidal holes With large drill bits 0 the neutrons are produced from a centrally synthesized chemical AmBe source and dispersed in the surrounding alluvium and formation.Some parts of these neutrons bounce off and are detected in one or both banks;and are distinguished by their distance from the source along the axis of the tool ("near" or " far ') and in the forms of detectors in 0 each bank. The near bank includes two unshielded 116 detectors that are mainly sensitive to thermal neutrons. These detectors encircle the cadmium-shielded THe detector and prevent it from being mainly sensitive to superthermal neutrons. The far bank includes It contains five unshielded THe detectors for thermal neutrons, and the central, distant three detectors can be coaxial with the three nearby ones. Other materials can be used to shield one or more detectors, as is known in the field of science. In another model, it is possible Shielding under separators and certain shapes of the source - detector. The neutron data collected when the instrument is in the upper and lower sectors can be used to determine the hydrogen coefficient, the degree of salinity of the silt, the neutron porosity, and the degree of salinity of the formation. The 001 Vision 825 ADN instrument also contains a gamma sector; Which generally consists of a source of gamma rays and two CRIS devices for x gamma rays near (detector with short interval) and farther from (detector with long interval) the source. And the search depth for the corresponding measurement is shallow compared to the depth of the crescent-shaped silt, and it is also concentrated on the surface

Neutron measurement. Collected gamma ray data can be used when the instrument is in the sectors. 1/870 100 instrument techniques allow the economical use of a single detector to measure both silt and formation properties. 0 MWD tool:

The MWD 0001 tool can be supplied in the bottom hole assembly as shown schematically in Figure (1).

And in one of the models; The drilling hole is divided into two sectors. And in one of the models; The excavation is divided into four sectors. In another model, Jd, the drilling hole is divided into eight sectors. And in the Al form; measure

The drill hole is divided into sixteen sectors. And in another model; One sector can be divided into two or more sub-sectors. In the Jal ¢ model, two or more sectors can be combined into one sector and in one of the models; Tool 001 is off-center in the myo drill hole One measurement focuses on silt and the other measurement focuses on formation.

\o In one of the embodiments 4 there is a method that includes the determination of the gravitational vector, as it is known in the field of science. and then; A bottom angular sector ¢ called SECTOR BOTTOM ¢ is selected to drill holes. And this sector includes its gravitational vector.

{ { - 1 m

It is possible with the ultrasonic sensor 1117; BOTTOM STANDOFF WORK (range

Separation of the tool from the bottom of the well bore) From the ultrasonic measurements, Lay the tool in the lower sector.

and then; Neutron porosity can be determined; density; and/or the photoelectric effect as a function of

The near neutron count rate and the far neutron count rate measured in the bottom sector and corrected © by the BOTTOM STANDOFF dimension specified above.

The procedures described above can be repeated in order for the other sectors.

Determine the properties of silt:

By reference to figures (©) to (V); And in another model; Silt measurements can be made

in which most or all of the sensor response is related to the interaction between the energy released 0 and the silt) when the instrument rotates so that the instrument acquires the data in the upper (upper) sector

0 . As a result of its proximity to the source ©0096 ; The depth of search for reagents is Adil; and 5095

And 1100 can be on the order of 1,© cm. This distance is less than the adult vacuum, cm

approximately between the surface of the tool and the top of the borehole. And in one of the models; Any embedding of the source can be used

and a reagent that can make reasonably shallow and concentrated measurements for silt measurements. the instrument body behind the bank of the close detector 004 8086 and 00; It also protects against allergies

Reagents towards Cals are the tool they settle with. The combination of these effects results in a shallow response

And concentrated enough to make silt measurements. As the instrument rotates so that the detectors are in the sector

Upper AY The nearby detectors gon A 904 and 001 respond mainly to silt. In particular; The count rate of the near epithermal detector in the upper _© sector 401 is sensitive to the relative concentration of hydrogen in the silt (the silt pH coefficient);

Mia - - -

The ratio of the count rate in this sector to the count rate (ISH) in thermal detectors

proximal; Corresponding mainly to the degree of salinity of the silt.

And in another model; And when the reagents are (Mao geod) 5¢OVE 5c 0NY

das ou scot [or 8e in my form (wos fo) of instrument 0 in the lower sector 871 gio most of the response SB of the composition. In particular; the count rate of the superdetector

The near thermal in the lower sector + AY is sensitive to the relative concentration of hydrogen in the formation (

hydrogen coefficient of formation); The ratio of the count rate in this sector to the total count rate in

nearby thermal detectors; Corresponds mainly to the degree of salinity of the formation. And recording rates

Segment-based counting ic Save discrete responses derived from silt and composition. And in: 0 form AT; These measurements may complement the standard neutron porosity measurement derived from the count rate ratio

The total count of the near thermal detector to the total count rate of the far detector in the lower sector is 871.

And unlike nearby reagents; The search depth of the remote detector is too deep to respond mainly

to the effects of borehole or formation but is sensitive to both. And taking the ratio of proximity / distance reduces however

This dependence on the drilling hole is not canceled. In one of the embodiments, “ve” silt measurements are replaced by formation measurements; And configuration measurements are swapped and/or replaced by measurements

silt; That is, when paying attention to the properties of silt, it is modified to the formation measurements; or when interested in properties

Formation adjusted to silt measurements.

001 EY) an illustration (©) which can be distinguished using the embodiment of the invention; Where are Jags

in the drill hole 11 ; near the underside 16 of the VY drill hole; and/or off-center in the > drilled hole; as a result of gravity. The ring chick 610 is the semicircular area of the drill hole, VY

‎Cox. - Which is not occupied by the tool .001 and the annular space 10 of the drilling hole 11 is filled with silt 61. The drilling hole is divided into two sectors; Upper sector 4800 and lower sector 4870. The upper sector 8100 has been further subdivided into four subsectors 01, Lad and AVE 5c ANY and the lower sector 0 has been further subdivided into four subsectors Avo, Dah and 5c ALY 4H. The tool can make 0 first measurements; which is Genesis 07 measurement; when heading down or heading into the lower sector CAY and a second measurement; which is the measurement of silt 4 00; When heading up and / or heading to the upper sector 0E. The do sana, selected from the upper sections, is used to measure silt; While a selection of lower sectors is used to measure the formation. Figure (?a) represents another embodiment of the invention where the tool 1001 in the blister bore CNY 0 - is near the underside 676 of the blister bore NY and/or off-center in the blister bore. typically; Tool 0 will tilt towards the underside 15 due to gravity (in an inclined borehole) - the annular void 01 being a crescent of silt 7+ or the crescent-shaped area of borehole 0 which is not occupied by tool 001. And he operates the ring chick 010 for drilling hole VY with silt 61 . And in this model; SI 001 is source 905 (below figure plane ) and first proximity detector 1 0086 ; a second detector close to 8001 and a third detector close to 00d and in one of the models; The first near-cave A© and the second near-cave #01 are thermal neutron detectors; The third nearby CoS 509 is an epithermal neutron detector. The drilling hole is divided into two sectors; upper sector 801 and lower sector AY and the upper sector is further subdivided into four sub-sectors (6), da and AE 5c AVY and the lower sector 0 8 to is subdivided into four sectors de Bs (de), knl and Laday and AVA and in this form; The first proximal detector A - and the second proximal detector ©01 ; The tertiary detector close to 4 0 © often detects the properties of qo.

8 for VI silt, as the reagents are in the upper sector 401. In a first model; Source 5096 is producing neutrons; The reagents are based on 908; and 04; and/or 01 by detecting bouncing neutrons after the neutrons have been reflected by formation (not shown) and/or silt 61. Figure (b) represents another embodiment of the invention where the tool 001 is in the bore hole CNY 0 near underside 66 of drill hole VY ; and/or off-center in the drilled hole. typically; Tool 001 will tilt toward the underside 16 due to gravity (in an inclined drill hole Z). The annular space 01 would be a crescent of silt 17 or the crescent-shaped area of borehole 0 which is not occupied by tool 001 . 10 ring chicks are occupied for drilling holes 11 with silt. 61 In this model; tool 001 has source 006 ; a first detector 00" am; a second remote detector 0 0140; a third remote detector 017; a fourth remote detector OVA; a fifth remote detector 010. The remote first detector 007 can be distributed; and the remote secondary detector 4 011 the remote third detector co), the remote fourth detector 008, and the remote fifth detector 0011 horizontally around instrument 001. In one embodiment, the remote first detector is Y) 0, the second remote detector 014, and the detector Third: remote © 07, the remote fourth detector 0A, and the remote fifth detector 010 is Cid oC 1 thermal neutron The drill hole is divided into two sectors: an upper sector 401 and a lower sector AY and a lower sector AY and the upper sector is divided into four sub-sectors SAY SAY cc AE gc AY and the lower sector 870 is divided into four sub-sectors AY and AVA In this_model; source 006 (below the shape level); the remote first detector 001- and the remote JEN detector 006; the third detector Tapeh (co) and the fourth remote detector © VA; and the remote fifth detector 0) 0 mostly by detecting the properties of silt where the reagents are

Ria Bab - in the upper sector 401. And in a first model; Source 506 produces neutrons; The reagents are based on 17 d and ed; dah a 00; and / or 8e by detecting bouncing neutrons after the neutrons interact with formation (not shown) and / or silt 17. In another model; There is a set of reagents (not shown) arranged horizontally around instrument 001; With this model, it is possible to make horizontal measurements around the well bore without the need to rotate the tool 01. Figure (10) represents another embodiment of the invention where the tool 001 is in the borehole OY near the bottom side 176 of the borehole 11 and/or off-center in the blister bore. Typically, tool 01 will tilt toward the underside 176 as a result of gravity (in an inclined bore hole). The annular void 01 is a crescent of silt 1 Or the semicircular space of bore hole 11 which 0 is not occupied by tool 01. The annular space 1 of borehole 11 is occupied by silt +1. In this model, tool 01 has source 016 a detector J near 018, a second detector close 00 and a third detector close 905. In one embodiment, the first detector close 00 and the second detector close 0 are thermal neutron detectors, and the third detector close 509 is a neutron detector Thermal gist The borehole is divided into two segments upper segment 401 and lower segment AY The upper segment yo is further subdivided into four sub segments 601, 4507 and AVY 4 60 The lower segment 476 is subdivided into four subsections 806, 8035, and 097) and AA and in this form; The first detector near vA ; the second nearby detector, 001; And the third detector close to 509 often discovers the properties of formation, as the detectors are in the lower sector AY. In a first model; Source 0056 produces neutrons; The detectors se 9094 eon A©/or 10e detect backscattered neutrons after the neutrons are reflected by composition (unlocated) and/or silt NY and in a second model + the source 0056 produces gamma rays; And you do

Sb Detectors 008-, 095 and/or 001 detect gamma-ray backscattering after gamma-rays are bounced off by formation (not shown) and/or silt 11 . And in a third model; Source 5056 produces sound waves; The reagents add 16; and 15; and/or 001 detects backscattered sound waves after sound waves have been reflected by formation (not shown) and/or silt 6 41 . And in a fourth model; Source 906 produces neutrons; reagents add 08; and 4 + and/or 01 by detecting backscattered gamma rays after neutrons excite the formation (not shown) and/or alluvium 11 to produce gamma rays. And in another model; Tool 001 can be rotated to measure properties in one or more sectors. Jia fig. (©b) an embodiment AT of the invention wherein the tool 001 is in the blister hole VY 0 - near the underside 16 of the blister hole VY; and/or off-center in the wellbore. typically; JES tool 01 will move toward the underside 16 due to gravity (in an inclined borehole). The annular space 610 is a crescent of silt 17 or the crescent-shaped area of the drill hole VY which is not occupied by the tool 001. And the ring chicks occupy 1 for drilling holes 11 with silt 11 . And in this form; tool 001 has source 906 ; remote first detector 001; a second remote detector 004; a third remote detector 2006-, a fourth remote detector OVA, and a fifth remote detector 010. The first remote detector 219-219 and the second remote detector 004 can be distributed; The remote third detector is 2136, the fourth remote detector is 0VA, and the fifth remote detector is odo horizontally around instrument 001. In one embodiment, the remote first detector is 007, the second remote detector is 0046, and the third detector is remote ©. 0015; the fourth remote detector 008; and the fifth remote detector 010 are detectors

(os - de - thermal neutron. The drill hole is divided into two sectors; an upper sector 401 and a lower sector 1. The upper sector 801 is divided into four sub-sectors du-tno CAVE SCANTY and the lower sector 0 is divided 487 into four sub-sectors, Ave, Ten, Lan, Lat, and in this model; the source 5076 (below the level of the figure); the remote first detector 017; the remote second detector 005; the remote third detector 5139 and the remote fourth detector 0148; and the fifth detector The remote 0 ) 0 Le detects the properties of the formation where the detectors are in the lower sector AY . And in a first model; Source 0056 produces neutrons; The reagents ONY +, 814, and Dad; And 15U/or 0VA detects back neutrons after the neutrons are reflected by _formation (not shown) and/or silt +1. In another embodiment, there are 0 arrays of detectors (not shown) distributed horizontally around instrument 001. ; And in this form; It is possible to make horizontal measurements around the drill hole without having to rotate the tool 001. Figure (176) represents an embodiment AT of the invention where the tool 001 is in the drill hole CY near the bottom side 16 of the blister hole 11; and/or off-center in the blister pit. typically; Tool 01 will move towards the lower side 16 due to gravity (in the annular El (de 0) borehole 1 it is a crescent of alluvium 6 or the crescent-shaped area of the borehole 11 which is not occupied by tool 001. The annulus 010 of the drilling hole occupies 11 with silt 1. The area around the source and the detectors may include shielding as is known in the field of science. The drill hole is divided into two sectors: an upper sector AV and a lower sector 8700. The sector is divided The upper one is further divided into four subsectors AVY, 40, AY, and 84. The lower sector 811 is subdivided into four subsectors sche be, lana, and AVA.

Coo

Detector A 00 is often detected by the properties of the formation, where the detector is in the lower sector 4718. And in a first model; The source (not shown) produces neutrons; The detector A 0 detects backscattered neutrons after the neutrons have been reflected by formation (not shown) and/or silt TY and in a second model; Source 056 produces Lela rays; The detector 0 508 detects backscattered gamma rays after the gamma rays have been reflected by formation (not shown) and/or silt1. And in a third model; The source produces sound waves; Detector #508 detects backscattered sound waves after the sound waves have been reflected by formation (not shown) and/or silt 11 . In a fourth model + the source produces neutrons; The oA detector detects backscattered gamma rays after neutrons excite formation (not shown) and 0/or +1 silt to produce gamma rays. And in another model; Tool 001 can be rotated to measure properties

in one or more sectors. (ia) Figure (5b) an embodiment AT of the invention wherein the tool 001 is in the drill hole CNY near the underside 6 of the blister hole 11; and/or off-center in the blister pit. typically; Tool 01 will move towards the lower side 676 due to gravity (in borehole Jl 1 and annular bed Te is a crescent of silt TY or the crescent-shaped space of borehole 11 which is not occupied by tool 001 The annular space 01 of drilling hole 11 is occupied by alluvium 1. In one embodiment, detector 5186 is a thermal neutron detector, and in another embodiment, detector A 00 is an epithermal neutron detector. The borehole is divided into two segments, upper segment 0 and lower segment 470. Upper segment 801 is further subdivided into day sub-segments AE 5c AVY SAY cA and lower segment 470 is divided into four sub-segments Avo and A, A, A, and AVA In this model, the 508 often detects qe.

A) 1 - Properties of silt, where the detector is in the upper sector 801. In a first model, the source produces neutrons, and the detector 508 detects bouncing neutrons after the neutrons are reflected by formation (not shown) and/or silt 61. In In a second embodiment, the source (not shown) produces gamma rays, and the detector vA 0 detects backscattered gamma rays 0 after the gamma rays interact with formation (not shown) and/or silt61.In a third embodiment; The source produces sound waves, the detector A 00 detects backscattered sound waves after the sound waves are reflected by formation (not shown) and/or silt 11. In a fourth embodiment, the source produces neutrons, and the detector 508 detects backscattered gamma rays After neutrons have excited formation (not shown) and/or silt 11 to produce gamma rays.0 In another embodiment, the isotropy instrument 001 can be rotated in one or more additional segments. Another embodiment of the invention where the tool 001 is near the underside 16 of the blister hole 01 and/or off center in the blister hole. Tool 0 will travel towards the underside 16 due to gravity (in an inclined bore hole); As in the previous models. 1 And the annular slit, Te, is a crescent of silt, TY, or the crescent-shaped space of the drill hole, VY, which is not occupied by tool 001. and occupies ring chicks 01 for drilling hole 11 with silt +1. In this model; Tool 001 has a source (not shown); the first detector 808; on one side of the tool; and a second detector 90 on the other side of the instrument. And in one of the models; The first detector 8 and/or the second detector #01 are thermal neutron detectors; In another embodiment - 0, the first detector 008 and / or the second detector 001 are epithermal neutron detectors. The well OF is divided into two sectors: upper sector 801 and lower sector 470. The upper sector is divided

A-0 is divided into four subsectors (eA) 07, AY, and Ave, and the lower sector 0 is divided into four subsectors, Avo, ANT, Lad, and AVA. In this form; The first detector, A 00, often detects properties of the formation Cun. The first detector, 08 ©, is in the lower sector, AY; The second detector We 001 detects the properties of silt, where the second detector M 001 is in the upper sector 801. And in a first model; The source produces neutrons; 008 based reagents; and 01 by detecting bouncing neutrons after the neutrons have been reflected by composition (unpositioned) and/or silt 11+. In a second model; Source 0056 produces ded gamma; Detectors #50 and 001 detect the returned Lila ded after the gamma rays interact with formation (not shown) and/or alluvium11. And in a third model; The source produces 0 sound waves; The 01 gon A detectors detect backscattered sound waves after the sound waves have been reflected by _formation (not shown) and/or silt +1. In a fourth model; The source produces neutrons; Detectors 001 gov A detect backscattered gamma rays after neutrons have excited formation (not shown) and/or silt 1 to produce atl gamma. And in the aT model; Instrument 001 does not need to be rotated to measure the properties ve in the two sectors. And in another model; Instrument 001 can be rotated to measure properties in two or more additional segments. And in one of the models; Data from any or all segments can be processed using the backbone and ribs technique for density measurement and the standard ratio technique for near/distant detectors can be used to calculate neutron porosity. Alternative models include; Borehole Invariant Porosity (BIP)© Neutron Measurement Technique and Simple Inversion Density Technique. BIP technology has been disclosed in the patent qo.

what -

American No. 001-72597 0; issued to the inventor, Evans. And the techniques of performing the coup are known

las in the field of science; See, for example, the article H chapellat and L Jammes ¢ “Method

And a device

for recording results using a densitometric wadding'; US Patent No. 4 VA gg © 6+ 6 15356 and Evans article 14 in., Allioli, O. Faivre, L.

Jammes. 7; new style

To calculate the density of the “Peg formation free from the influences of silt paste” ¢ SPWLA 38 “ Annual logging

Symposium Transactins, Paper 16, pp.1-14 (1997) These techniques can also be used or

Similar techniques for other measurements such as: photoelectric factor; hydrogen coefficient; and sigma;

the degree of salinity of the formation; photoelectric factor; hydrogen coefficient; and sigma; and 0 degree of salinity for alluvium, tool Shy; and drilling hole diameter.

And in one of the models; All sensor signals can be stored in computers with memory

Large capacity (not shown) for the purpose of reviewing and the possibility of analysis and interpretation later upon return

Bottom hole drilling assembly to surface. and certain data; Quantitative result selections

bandwidth; It can be sent to the surface installations by means of a silt path with a pipe rope 1 _ excavation from the communication booster 500; or by cable or other suitable means. And in another model;

The resulting data from instrument measurements can be stored for later processing rather than being sent back

up the hole. In another model; Downhole data can be processed.

Claims (1)

3 A 8 Alaa) alice drilling tool surrounding the mud mixture A method for determining the properties of the mud mixture — 1 1: It includes the ¢ drilling tool that receives the borehole drilling tool Jala for Rotate the said tool in the said borehole. $ And supply energy to the aforementioned borehole from a source of energy LS yall energy o in the aforementioned tool. 1 And record the measurement signals received at least at the V sensor installed in the aforementioned tool from a position around the aforementioned borehole A, as according to the sensor that It has a lateral depth for research, so the response of the 8 sensor is initially related to the properties of silt 0120. 0 and separating a cross section from the borehole that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the borehole into the first sector Js and the second sector 0 at least ;" Whereby, the measurement signal SY from the aforementioned first sector is basically a response to the energy Vf feedback that results from the interaction of the energy supplied with the mud mixture vo mentioned; And the second measurement signal from the second sector | the aforementioned is basically a response to the feedback energy that results from the interaction of VY energy, esas energy, of the aforementioned configuration. 1A and infer the indication of the intrinsic properties of the aforementioned mud mixture from the mentioned measurement signal 4 associated with the first sector of the aforementioned borehole ull. 4 ZY Method of claim 1; Where it deduces the indication of the properties of the aforementioned mud mixture, Y, for at least two sectors of the mentioned sectors 1. 1 © - The method mentioned in claim 1, whereby the aforementioned eigenvalues of 7 are derived from the group consisting of density; And the hydrogen index “z v” and the degree of salinity; f sigma 6; the neutron slowing down length ¢ and the neutron slowing down time ¢ and structural information from neutron gamma ray lela spectroscopy; and photoelectric effect 1 - photoelectric effect 1 2 — method given claim 1, wherein the energy supplied to said borehole includes gamma rays; The mentioned energy, yall energy 53, includes lc gamma ray produced from interaction with the said mud mixture t. 1 © - the method given in the claim (Cus) in which the energy supplied to the said borehole includes neutrons; The said energy feedback 1 includes radiation, which results from the interaction of the said neutrons with the said mud mixture. 54 zd For exponent 1 1 - the method mentioned in claim 1, whereby the aforementioned second sector Y includes a point determined by the intersection of earth's gravity vector with the aforementioned cross section ¥. 1 1 - The method mentioned in the protection element (Cuno) in which the aforementioned first sector X includes a corresponding point in the borehole Lidl to the point determined by the intersection of the earth's gravity vector with the cross section section. A) - the method of claim 1 wherein said energy 7 supplied to said borehole comprises ultrasonic pulses ¢ and said returned energy includes ultrasonic pulses Ultrasonic pulses ¢ lyf interact with the aforementioned mud mixture. 1 9 - The method in claim 1 and claim; ; Whereas, the method is Joi on ; Recording the density of each sector _ of the sectors in which the aforementioned sensor is located during the rotation of the aforementioned tool in the S30 borehole | Recording the number of gamma rays counters in a group of 8 energy outlets of the said sensor that occur in each sector of the sectors. .sectors 1 0 1 = the method given in the Gun od protection in which the said sensor X includes gamma ray detectors with short and long X separators that are further away from the energy source energy that emits gamma rays ¢ and includes 30 Also on; Recording the number of the gamma ray counters of the mentioned dad gamma rays detector o in the short interval for each sector; Recording the number of gamma rays counters for the sensor detector | Gamma rays mentioned in the short separator for each sector.