RU99384U1 - DEVICE FOR PRE-STARTING HEATING OF THE ENGINE, AUTONOMOUS HEATING, HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GAS GENERATION - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A device for engine preheating, autonomous heating, hydrogen-containing gas generation, consisting of a starting system, a converter, a heat exchanger, a control system, characterized in that a converter is installed in the converter, which allows the catalytic conversion of fuel, the products of which, passing through the heat exchanger, produce heating coolant circulating through the heat exchanger. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as a result of the conversion of the fuel as its products, a hydrogen-containing gas is formed, which can then be used when various systems, for example, a vehicle or power plant with an engine, for example, as an additive to the main fuel, fed into the engine. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the start-up system uses an electric or flame heater that runs on air and the original fuel. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the start-up system, converter, heat exchanger, control system are separate structures or can be integrated with each other. ! 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that its design allows preheating or evaporation of the reagents before being fed to the launch system and / or converter. ! 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting system includes a system for supplying and dispensing reagents. ! 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine cooling system and / or the vehicle air conditioning / heating system is combined with the heat exchanger of the device, due to which pre-heating

Description

The utility model relates to engine heating systems, heating systems of fuel-powered vehicles, systems for converting various types of transport fuels (gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, etc.) into synthesis gas directly on board vehicles or as part of a power plant with engine.

Warming up the engine and the passenger compartment before starting, and sometimes while driving, is a necessary condition for its normal operation in low negative ambient temperatures. To solve this problem, engine and passenger compartment heaters are known that operate on fuel from a vehicle’s tank (US 4718602, B60H 1/22, 01/12/1988). The pre-heater is a device that is primarily installed in the engine compartment. Structurally, such a device with related devices consists of several main parts: an air supply system and a fuel supply system connected to the vehicle’s fuel tank; chambers with an ignition system, in which the combustion of the supplied fuel takes place; a heat exchanger that connects to the cooling circuit of the engine, an electronic control system connected to the vehicle's on-board network. The engine is heated by complete combustion of the fuel supplied to the device and heating of the heat carrier in the flue gas heat exchanger. The heated coolant passes through the cooling circuit of the switched off engine, due to which it is preliminarily preheated to a predetermined temperature. In addition, when you turn on the air circulation system (air conditioning system) inside the car, it can be heated inside.

In urban vehicle operating conditions, its engine mainly operates in low and medium load conditions, which leads to significant emissions of harmful products of incomplete combustion. To save hydrocarbon fuel, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and improve the environmental performance of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in an urban driving cycle, it is necessary to use a lean fuel mixture, i.e. when the oxygen / fuel ratio (α) is more stoichiometric, and the more lean the mixture, the greater fuel economy will be achieved. However, when the mixture becomes poorer than a certain level, it becomes impossible to ensure stable operation of the engine, since the spark of the spark plug ceases to ignite such a mixture. It is known that the addition of hydrogen, hydrogen-containing gas mixtures or synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) to lean fuel mixtures allows their ignition in ICE at higher values of α, which leads to a decrease in total fuel consumption and also reduces harmful emissions СО and nitrogen oxides (US 6397790, F02B 43/08, 06/04/2002).

In addition, it is also known (US 2005/0287049, F01N 3/00, December 29, 2005) that the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions in the exhaust gases of diesel engines can be achieved by adding a reducing agent to them. The reducing agent reacts with nitrogen oxides to form safe molecular nitrogen. Hydrogen, hydrogen-containing gas mixtures or synthesis gas can also be used as such a reducing agent.

The use of balloon hydrogen in transport, even in small quantities, is undesirable due to the high explosion and fire hazard of hydrogen and the lack of a developed infrastructure for supplying hydrogen to a transport. A practical solution to this problem may be the production of a hydrogen-containing gas or synthesis gas from hydrocarbon fuel on board an automobile. In this case, all the advantages of using hydrogen to ignite lean fuel mixtures in spark ICEs and to purify nitrogen oxides in diesel ICEs are realized and the need to create an infrastructure for supplying hydrogen transport disappears.

The closest is a heater device for the engine and the interior, which runs on fuel from the vehicle’s tank (US 4718602, B60H 1/22, 01/12/1988). The disadvantages of the known device is that its operation is carried out due to the flame combustion of fuel, which greatly limits the ability to control process parameters (primarily the temperature and composition of the exhaust flue gases, which in this case mainly consist of CO ₂ and H ₂ O vapors). In addition, during the flame combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, the formation of nitrogen oxides due to local overheating due to the inhomogeneous structure of the flame can occur. In general, fuel consumption on a vehicle equipped with such a device increases.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve both the problem of engine preheating and warming up the car interior, as well as the task of obtaining synthesis gas on board the car with a view to its further use for various needs.

The problem is solved through the use of engine preheating devices, autonomous heating, hydrogen-containing gas generation (hereinafter referred to as Heat and Gas Generator, abbreviated as GTG), as well as using the method of its operation.

The proposed device for engine preheating, autonomous heating, and hydrogen-containing gas generation consists of a starting system, a converter, a heat exchanger, and a control system; a converter is installed in the converter that allows the catalytic conversion of fuel, the products of which, passing through the heat exchanger, heat the heat carrier circulating through the heat exchanger. Depending on the composition of the supplied reagents, for example, air or steam, or carbon dioxide, or steam-air or air-carbon dioxide, or steam-air-carbon dioxide conversion can occur.

As a result of the catalytic conversion of fuel, a hydrogen-containing gas is formed as its products, which can then be used in the operation of various vehicle systems or power plants with an engine.

A catalyst is located in the converter, the active component of which is used various combinations of aluminum oxides, silicon, transition and rare-earth elements of 4-6 periods, mainly of the fourth and fifth periods, mainly. Co, Ni, Mn, Ti, Zr; La, Ce, Y, Sm, Pr, Gd, and platinum group metals, mainly Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, mainly Pt, Rh, Ru.

The start-up system uses an electric or flame heater that runs on air and the original fuel.

The start-up system, converter, heat exchanger, control system are separate designs or can be integrated with each other.

The design of the proposed device allows for pre-heating or evaporation of the components of the reaction fuel containing the mixture before being fed to the start-up system and / or converter.

The start-up system includes a system for supplying and dosing reagents, for example, fuel, air, water vapor, carbon dioxide in any combination.

The engine cooling system and / or the air conditioning / heating system of the vehicle interior is combined with the heat exchanger of the device, thereby preheating the engine before starting it at low temperatures and heating the vehicle interior.

The device is started by heating the converter to the temperature of the onset of the catalytic reaction using an electric heater and / or a flame heater operating on air and fuel.

Warming up the converter at startup can be accomplished by passing an electric current directly through the electrically conductive elements of the catalyst.

Upon reaching the temperature of the onset of the catalytic reaction, the device is transferred to the mode of occurrence in the converter of the catalytic reaction of fuel conversion.

Water vapor and / or carbon dioxide are obtained, for example, at the outlet of a flame heater (essentially conducting a deep oxidation reaction of the fuel), from engine exhaust gases (which also mainly consist of water vapor and carbon dioxide) or other sources. The amount and ratio of water vapor and carbon dioxide supplied to the Tretyakov Gallery can, if necessary, be controlled by condensation, separation, adsorption, absorption, condensation, followed by evaporation, and other possible methods.

The fuel used is either hydrocarbons, or alcohols, or ethers, mainly natural gas, a propane-butane mixture, gasoline, diesel fuel, or biodiesel, or methanol, or ethanol, or dimethyl ether.

As the fuel supplied for conversion to the device, and the main fuel supplied directly to the engine, use fuel of one or different composition.

The engine cooling system and / or the air conditioning / heating system of the vehicle interior is combined with the heat exchanger of the device, thereby preheating the engine before starting it at low temperatures and heating the vehicle interior.

A distinctive feature is the use of a catalyst in the device, which allows the conversion of the fuel used by catalytic conversion to various end products (both to the products of complete oxidation - СО ₂ and Н ₂ О, and to a hydrogen-containing gas or synthesis gas containing Н ₂ and СО ) depending on the specified operating mode of the GTG, in addition to the converter, it contains a start-up system, a heat exchanger and a control system. The engine cooling system and the passenger compartment air conditioning system are connected to the GTG heat exchanger, due to which the passenger compartment is warmed up and the engine is preheated before starting it at low ambient temperatures. Structurally, the start-up system, the converter, the heat exchanger and the control system can be either separate parts of the GTG or be integrated with each other.

As the starting system, an electric and / or flame heater is used, operating on air and the source fuel. At start-up, the converter can be heated by passing electric current directly through the electrically conductive elements of the catalyst or by flame igniting the fuel-air mixture. When the set temperature is reached in the converter, the fuel conversion reaction is transferred to the catalytic mode. Moreover, depending on the supplied ratio of air to fuel, as well as the amount of supplied carbon dioxide and water vapor, the reaction in the converter can be carried out in various modes, for example, can be transferred both to the full oxidation mode and to the mode of hydrogen-containing gas generation or synthesis gas. The reaction products enter the heat exchanger, heating the coolant circulating through the engine cooling system and / or the air conditioning / heating system of the car. As a result, the engine warms up before it starts and the car interior warms up. Warming up the engine and warming up the passenger compartment can be carried out both simultaneously and separately from each other, if this is possible in the vehicle design, or by installing additional equipment necessary for this. A change in the ratio of air to fuel, the amount of carbon dioxide and water vapor supplied, as well as their feed rate will lead to a change in the generated heat output, due to which it is possible to vary the heating rate of the engine and the passenger compartment. When the need arises, the GTG, by setting the required ratio of air to fuel, as well as the amount of carbon dioxide and water vapor supplied, is transferred to the mode of generating hydrogen-containing gas or synthesis gas, and the resulting reaction products are used on board the car for various needs, including as an additive to the main fuel supplied to the engine.

As the main fuel supplied directly to the engine, and the fuel supplied to the Tretyakov Gallery, fuel of the same or different composition can be used - either hydrocarbons, or alcohols, or ethers, mainly natural gas, associated petroleum gas, propane-butane mixture, gasoline, diesel fuel, or biodiesel, or methanol, or ethanol, or dimethyl ether.

A catalytic reactor containing a catalyst is used as a converter, which provides the conversion of fuel to the products of complete oxidation or the generation of a hydrogen-containing gas or synthesis gas. The catalyst in the catalytic reactor can be placed in the form of granules of various shapes and sizes, blocks and foam with a system of gas-permeable channels. To improve thermal conductivity, the catalyst can additionally be applied to a metal, ceramic or cermet carrier. This carrier can be formed into a structure containing a system of channels (including microchannels) of various geometries and configurations providing gas permeability through a catalytic unit.

As an example, in FIG. The proposed device for engine preheating, autonomous heating, and the generation of hydrogen-containing gas in conjunction with the main systems ensuring its operation is schematically depicted.

One of the options for the way the GTG works is as follows.

To start the GTG, the fuel from the car tank or cylinder 1 using the feed and batching system 2, including the corresponding devices, is fed through the heat exchanger 5 to the start-up system 6, which is equipped with a preheating system if necessary. There, using the feed system 3 and dosing 4, air is supplied through the heat exchanger 5 as an oxidizing agent. The mixture of air and fuel is supplied in a ratio exceeding the stoichiometric value for the complete oxidation reaction by 15-20%. The prepared mixture is ignited by a candle of the starting system 6. The combustion products of the heat and gas generator 7 are heated by combustion products, removing the products of the combustion reaction through the exhaust system 9. As the catalyst is heated in the converter, the reaction is transferred from the flame combustion mode to the catalytic reaction mode, supplying part of the generated water vapor and carbon dioxide back using the supply system 3 and dosing 4, through the heat exchanger 5 to the inlet of the converter 7 of the heat and gas generator, thereby realizing steam-air or carbon-dioxide uy, or vapor-air-carbon dioxide conversion. In this case, the amount and ratio of the supplied water vapor and carbon dioxide are pre-regulated, for example, by condensation or condensation, followed by evaporation. Hot reaction products (PR), passing through the heat exchanger 5, produce heating of the coolant (XT). Hot coolant (GT), circulating through the engine cooling system and the air conditioning system of the vehicle interior, produces engine pre-heating and vehicle interior heating. The need for the initial ignition of the air-fuel mixture disappears if, for example, electric heating is used for the initial heating of the catalyst in the GTG converter. The heat exchanger 5, the start-up system 6, the converter 7 and the control system 9 can be performed as separate parts of the GTG, and can be integrated with each other.

Upon reaching a predetermined temperature in the catalyst, for example, 600 ° C, by means of supply and metering systems 2 and 4, the ratio between air and fuel is established, α = 0.4-0.45 of the stoichiometric. In this case, the GTG is put into the mode of generating a hydrogen-containing gas. The resulting hydrogen-containing gas can be further used in a car for various needs (in an internal combustion engine, in exhaust gas purification systems and other systems). The required amount of water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, required for conducting steam-air or air-carbon dioxide, or steam-air-carbon dioxide conversion, in this case, for example, is taken from the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine and supplied using the supply system 3 and dosing 4, through a heat exchanger 5 at the entrance to the converter 7 of the heat and gas generator. Further, for work, the optimal ratio between the reaction components supplied to the GTG 7 converter is established using the feed and batching systems 2 and 4.

The start-up and operation of the State Tretyakov Gallery, as well as all associated systems, are controlled by a microprocessor system (control system) 9 connected to the vehicle’s on-board electrical system. Such a microprocessor system can work both autonomously and in conjunction with an electronic vehicle control system.

The considered example does not show and does not limit all possible options for the implementation of the design and method of operation of the State Tretyakov Gallery. The proposed device allows, on the one hand, with the help of a catalytic reaction, to quickly warm up the engine and the passenger compartment, and on the other hand to generate hydrogen-containing gas on board the vehicle.

Carrying out catalytic conversion allows you to avoid carbonization of the catalyst, increase the life of the system and extend its service life.

Thus, the proposed utility model improves the safety, comfort, economy, durability and environmental cleanliness of the car, since before the trip: the engine is warm and easy to start, which not only saves time and effort, but also significantly reduces fuel consumption, overall load on the battery, engine wear and emissions; the interior is warm, which increases driving comfort, improves reaction and makes it possible to easily fasten your seat belt (no need to sit in the car in bulky outer clothing); the windows are free of ice and snow, do not fog up, and the windshield wipers do not freeze, which provides a good overview from the very beginning of the trip.

The use of the proposed utility model for producing hydrogen-containing gas on board a vehicle with a spark-ignition engine allows to significantly reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases while reducing fuel consumption, which is achieved due to the addition of hydrogen-containing gas to the main fuel and the transfer of the engine to work with lean fuel mixtures.

The use of the proposed utility model for producing hydrogen-containing gas on board a car with a diesel engine will significantly reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases, primarily due to a decrease in the concentration of nitrogen oxides when using the resulting hydrogen-containing gas in the corresponding treatment systems.

Claims (8)

1. A device for engine preheating, autonomous heating, hydrogen-containing gas generation, consisting of a starting system, a converter, a heat exchanger, a control system, characterized in that a converter is installed in the converter, which allows the catalytic conversion of fuel, the products of which, passing through the heat exchanger, produce heating coolant circulating through the heat exchanger. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as a result of the conversion of the fuel as its products, a hydrogen-containing gas is formed, which can then be used when various systems, for example, a vehicle or power plant with an engine, for example, as an additive to the main fuel, fed into the engine. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the start-up system uses an electric or flame heater that runs on air and the original fuel. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the start-up system, converter, heat exchanger, control system are separate structures or can be integrated with each other. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that its design allows preheating or evaporation of the reagents before being fed to the launch system and / or converter. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting system includes a system for supplying and dispensing reagents. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine cooling system and / or the air conditioning / heating system of the vehicle interior is combined with the heat exchanger of the device, due to which the engine is preheated before starting it at low temperatures and the vehicle interior is heated. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter has a catalyst, the active component of which is used various combinations of aluminum oxides, silicon, transition and rare earth elements of 4-6 periods, mainly of the fourth and fifth periods, mainly of Co , Ni, Mn, Ti, Zr, La, Ce, Y, Sm, Pr, Gd, and metals of the platinum group, mainly Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, mainly Pt, Rh, Ru.