RU99360U1 - DEVICE FOR SEPARATION OF BULK MIXTURE IN A FLUID - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium, comprising a hopper with a vibratory tray, a jet generator installed underneath them, connected to a pressurized air drive, a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located, characterized in that the jet generator is made in the form of a hollow forced rotary hole drum, the forming surface of which has many channels separated from each other to form a system of individual jets, and the separating chamber and the air supply drive d pressure jet generator are interconnected through said drum diametrically. ! 2. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ducts for forming a system of jets are made in the form of nozzles mounted on a forming surface of a rotating hole drum at an acute angle to its tangent in a direction coinciding with the direction of rotation of the specified drum.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for air or liquid separation of bulk materials and can be used in food, chemical, and other industries, as well as in agriculture for preparing seeds for sowing and for breeding purposes.

A device is known for separating bulk materials in a fluid medium, comprising a fan with an outlet pipe, a loading hopper located above them and adjacent collectors of finished fractions with a device for separating light particles [see A.S. USSR No. 1763051 for class B07B 4/02 published on 09/23/1992 in Bull. No. 35].

The known device allows you to influence the air flow on a single particle of the granular mixture only once and only on one random side. Therefore, the quality (accuracy) of the separation process using this device is very low and approximate. For this reason, such devices are used mainly for preliminary purification of the bulk mixture from light impurities, which is its significant drawback.

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium is also known, comprising a hopper with a vibratory tray, an air stream generator mounted under them, with flat nozzles located one below the other and at an acute angle to the vertical, whose cross-sectional height, pitch and installation angle increase from top to bottom . The generator is connected to a source of pressurized air, and the generator is covered by side walls. The device has fraction collectors located under the nozzles. When using this device, the separation of the granular mixture is carried out in the gravitational feed of the particles of the mixture, the aerodynamic monotonically growing impact on them at an acute angle to the vertical by a cascade of plane jets and the withdrawal of finished fractions. In this case, the effect on the particles. mixtures are carried out in the mode of free alternating force scanning with increasing amplitude and scanning angle [see US Pat. Of Ukraine No. 45881 for class B07B 4/02 published on April 15, 2002 in Byul. No. 4, 2002].

In the device, the separation of the particles of the granular mixture into fractions occurs due to the difference in the ratio of their weight and aerodynamic drag. This device, due to the special mode of action of air jets on the particles of the mixture, allows the mixture to be separated more accurately and more stably in time, especially the separation of irregular particles. This became possible because the impact of a stream of cascade of jets in the scanning mode allows you to repeatedly and multidirectional effect on almost every particle of the granular mixture.

But the known device has a significant drawback, the essence of which is as follows.

The alternating and free flow regime of the cascade of jets inevitably leads to the periodic, unstable in time and space appearance of pressure and vacuum zones in it with the appearance of forward and reverse flows. In the reverse flow zone, particles (especially light ones) are drawn into motion in the opposite direction to the main air flow, which leads to partial mixing of the already separated material with the unseparated one. The instability in time of this phenomenon, in the end, leads to the opening (rupture) of the cascade of jets in any random place, which further enhances the reverse flow in this zone and, as a result, intensifies the mixing of the separated material with the unseparated one. In addition, the opening of the cascade of air stream jets contributes to disruption of generation (cessation of the oscillatory process), which significantly reduces the quality of separation, bringing it closer to the quality of separation with a conventional fan. These shortcomings of the separation process are due to the imperfection of the design of the device, in particular, the design of its generator of air jets.

The closest in essence and the achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is a device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium, containing a hopper with a vibrating tray, a jet generator mounted under them, with flat nozzles located one below the other and at an acute angle to the vertical, the height of the transverse the cross sections of which, the pitch and angle of installation, increase from top to bottom, and the generator is connected to a source of air supply to it under pressure and covered by side walls to prevent air leakage from the environment medium in the generator, in addition, the apparatus comprising a separating chamber, which are located under the fraction collector, as well as each pair of adjacent nozzles is equipped with a resonance chamber connecting with their mezhsoplovye space. Each resonance chamber, in turn, is equipped with a device for regulating their volume, and the ratio of the nozzle cross-sectional height to the step of their establishment is in the range of 0.2-0.25, and the ratio of the extreme upper and extreme lower nozzle installation angles is 0.65 -0.75. When using this device, the separation process consists in the gravitational supply of particles of the separated mixture, the aerodynamic monotonically growing impact on them at an acute angle to the vertical by a cascade of flat jets formed from previously merged due to the expansion of air jets with developed turbulence and circulation zones, and the withdrawal of finished fractions, the aerodynamic effect is carried out in the mode of resonant self-oscillatory motion of each jet and the entire cascade of jets at a frequency of the first harmonic ki oscillations [see. US Pat. Ukraine №60254 in class B07B 4/02, A01F 12/44 published July 15, 2005 in Bull. No. 7 for 2005].

A significant drawback of this device is obvious from the separation process occurring in it, the essence of which is that zones of developed turbulence are formed by flat jets. It is this circumstance that limits the productivity of the process of separation of a granular mixture and the quality of its separation into separate fractions for the following reason. As is known, the separation quality during aerodynamic action on the particles of a mixture by a cascade of jets completely depends on the number and size of the circulation zones: the larger the number of jets and, naturally, the number of these circulation zones, the higher the quality of the separation of the mixture into fractions. In this device, the number of plane jets is minimal, and is determined by the height of the generator, and the dimensions of the circulation zones are maximum, since the width of each jet corresponds to the width of the generator. Therefore, the indicated physical parameters of the jets (their number and width, due to which an appropriate number of circulation zones are formed) determine the productivity and quality of the separation process: what they are the basis for the design (number and dimensions) of the jet generator, the process will also have such productivity and quality separation. It is not possible to increase the productivity and quality of the separation process by increasing the speed of air flow in the jets, since with an increase in air speed, the quality of the separation process deteriorates due to the fact that most particles of the mixture simply will not fall into the corresponding fraction collectors (they will simply be blown away air to a more distant distance than necessary). Therefore, the known device forces the separation process only at low air speeds, that is, it provides only minimal performance. In addition, the formation of wide jets requires a corresponding large air flow rate to ensure the jets merge, in accordance with the laws of aerodynamics, and this, in turn, leads to an unjustified increase in energy consumption for the process of separation of a granular mixture using this device. In addition, in the known device it is impossible to reduce the size of the circulation zones and increase the degree of turbulence, since continuous jets are used for the separation process, because of the impossibility of interrupting them in time and space.

These process disadvantages are caused by the structural imperfection of the device, namely. The design of the device uses a “slotted” jet generator of a cascade of flat jets. Its nozzles are made in the form of horizontal slots on the vertical wall of the generator over the entire width of the separating chamber. The total area of the slotted nozzles is large enough and needs a significant air flow rate to form jets. In addition, the design of the known jet generator is unchanged and stationary, which does not allow to interrupt the cascade of jets in time to ensure air flow through the nozzle in a pulsating mode. This does not limit the possibility of further development of turbulence or to improve the quality of separation of the granular mixture in a fluid.

Thus, the above-mentioned disadvantages inherent in the known device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid are in causal connection with the technological disadvantages of the separation process, due to the imperfection of the design of its generator of the cascade of air jets.

The utility model is based on the task of increasing the performance of the device for aerodynamic separation and improving the quality of the separation of the granular mixture into separate fractions by forming an acting (affecting the mixture) air system from separate and simultaneously moving jets and increasing the number of circulation zones and at the same time reducing their size due to design changes to the jet generator of the device.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the known device for separating granular mixture in a fluid containing a hopper with a vibratory tray, a jet generator installed under them, connected with a pressure air drive, a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located, according to the proposal, a generator the jets are made in the form of a hollow, forcibly rotating hole drum, the forming surface of which has many ducts separated from each other to form a system of separate jets, and the separating chamber and the drive for supplying air under pressure to the jet generator are interconnected through said drum diametrically.

In addition, in the proposed device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid, in particular, in a drum, the ducts for forming a system of jets can be made in the form of nozzles mounted on the forming surface of a rotating hole drum at an acute angle to its tangent in the direction coinciding with the direction of rotation of the specified drum.

An excellent feature of the proposed device is, firstly, the use of not linear (“slotted”) nozzles (channels for forming a cascade of jets), but of point (“circular”) ducts, which made it possible to significantly increase the total number of jets in the air system, and, accordingly, the total number of equal-sized circulation zones in the form of torroids that completely fill the space between the jets, thereby increasing the quality of separation and the productivity of the device as a result of the possibility of increasing the flow rate air in the jets, and, secondly, the execution of the jets generator in the form of a hollow, forcibly rotating hole drum allows the jets system to set the pulsating mode, which made it possible to achieve the integrity of the aerodynamic flow (system) across the width of the separation chamber and create an air “cushion” to maintain or throwing particles of the granular mixture in the zone of aerodynamic impact on them, which, in turn, allowed to further improve the quality of separation into fractions of the granular mixture. The diametrical air supply into the cavity of a forcibly rotating hole drum allows one not to refract or bend, not to change the direction of the air flow and, therefore, not to lose its kinetic energy. When performing ducts in the form of nozzles mounted on the forming surface of a rotating hole drum at an acute angle to its tangent in the direction coinciding with the direction of rotation of the specified drum, it allows to expand the technical capabilities of the proposed device by changing the size, shape and angle of establishment of these nozzles.

The technical result of the utility model is to obtain a new process of influencing the granular mixture during the separation of the air flow by the mobile system with the maximum developed turbulence obtained by forming in the air system a number of isometric circulation zones in the form of torroids formed due to structural changes of the jet generator in the device, in particular , using in its design a hollow rotary hole-type drum installed between the feeding device ozduha under pressure and separating chamber. These changes have significantly improved the quality of the separation process and the productivity of the device.

In general, the proposed change in the principle of forming an air flow system from individual jets, and the replacement of a static (stationary) jet generator with a dynamic (mobile) one, of course, entails an increase in the performance of the device for aerodynamic separation and an increase in the quality of the separation of the granular mixture into separate fractions.

Thus, the entire set of essential features of the proposed technical solution ensures the achievement of the goal of the utility model.

A further essence of the utility model is illustrated in conjunction with the material illustrating it, which shows the following: FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid, a side view with a slit for a better view of the structure; figure 2 is a front view of a hollow rotating hole drum; figure 3 is an end view of a hollow rotating hole drum with nozzles inside located at an acute angle in a direction coinciding with the direction of rotation of the drum. Single arrows in figure 1 shows the movement of air flow in the device, double - the output of the finished fractions.

The proposed device for separating granular mixture in a fluid medium consists of a hopper 1 with a vibratory tray 2 for gravitational feeding of particles 3 of the granular mixture into the separation zone, that is, directly into the separating chamber 4. Under the vibratory tray 2 there is installed a jet generator 5, made in the form of a hollow forced rotating hole drum 6, the forming surface of which has many separated arcs from each other ducts 7 to form a system of individual jets. The jet generator 5 separates the separating chamber 4 from the actuator 8 of the aerodynamic supply of air under pressure into the jet generator 5, the rotary hole drum 6 deployed to it with its generatrix, that is, it is diametrically relative to the separating chamber 4 and the actuator 8.

The separating chamber 4 is a closed volume formed by the side and upper walls with an opening 9 at the end for the exhaust air outlet. Under this separating chamber 4 are collections of fractions 10.

The proposed device for the separation of granular mixture in a fluid works as follows (for example, the separation of grain material).

The grain material is loaded into the hopper 1. Then begin the gravitational flow of particles 3 of the separated grain material into the separation chamber 4 from the side of the location of the jet generator 5. To carry out this operation, use a vibratory tray 2. The particles 3 of the free-flowing mixture of grain material that are in free fall are exposed an acute angle to the vertical with an aerodynamic air flow formed in the form of separate jets moving from bottom to top, aerodynamically interacting with each other due to the expanded th and Coanda effect. The turbulence of the aerodynamic flow is also added by equal-sized circulation zones formed in the form of torroids, each of which is concentric with each individual jet. Particles 3 of a granular mixture of grain material, under the influence of a turbulent aerodynamic flow, repeatedly rotate in airspace (therefore, their shape is absolutely not important for the separation process), maintained in the flow for some time due to the constant movement of the latter from the bottom up, and gradually penetrating down the stream, qualitatively separated and guaranteed to fall into the appropriate collection of fractions 10.

It is clear that the type, granular mixture, its initial state, air flow rate (drive power 8), the number, shape and size of the ducts 7 in the drum 6 can be different, and they can be fixed in any known way, the nozzles 11 are diverse designs turning the design of the hole drum 6 into a nozzle drum. Due to the inclination of the nozzles 11, it is possible to increase the total thickness of the aerodynamic flow and, accordingly, increase the number of separation fractions.

A significant difference between the proposed technical solution and the previously known ones lies in the new principle of formation of a “working” aerodynamic air flow from the system of separate individual jets moving from bottom to top, and also in that the device’s jet generator is made in the form of a forcibly rotating hollow hole drum with ducts on it forming surface. These differences, in aggregate, can significantly increase the turbulence of the aerodynamic air flow, form a supporting layer of air, which, in the end, can significantly improve the quality of the separation process and the performance of the device. None of the known separation devices can have the indicated properties, since almost all of them have structurally stationary jet generators, mainly with slot nozzles, that is, they have exhausted their possibilities for the further development of turbulence, and if it does exist, then with large circulation zones. Therefore, their technical capabilities are limited.

The proposed technical solution is tested in practice, consists of ordinary parts and assemblies, does not contain elements that could not be reproduced at the present stage of development of science and technology, which implies that it is industrially applicable. In the known sources of information no similar devices for separation of a similar purpose with the indicated excellent essential features and advantages have been found, which are confirmation of the possibility of achieving the specified technical result, and therefore it is considered such that it can receive legal protection.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- obtaining an aerodynamic flow with more developed turbulence due to its formation from a system of individual jets with the simultaneous formation of many equal circulation zones in the form of torroids;

- reduction in air flow due to a decrease in the total duct area compared to slotted nozzles;

- reduction of energy consumption for the formation of the aerodynamic flow for the same reason;

- increase the residence time of the bulk mixture in the active zone of the aerodynamic flow due to its constant movement from the bottom up;

- improving the quality of separation of the granular mixture by increasing the turbulence of the aerodynamic flow, the residence time of the particles of the mixture in it, increasing the mobility of the particles of the mixture, that is, time;

- expanding the technical and functional capabilities of the device by equipping its jet generator with a rotating hollow hole drum;

- increasing the efficiency of the separation process due to the possibility of increasing the speed of the aerodynamic flow.

The social effect of the introduction of a utility model, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by improving the quality of the process of separation of the granular mixture, due to which a greater amount of separated material in each fraction will be obtained, as well as by eliminating the need for re-separation of a poorly separated mixture.

The economic effect of the introduction of a utility model, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by increasing the productivity of the device, which, in the end, reduces the purely technological time of its operation.

After describing the proposed device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that all of the above is only illustrative and not restrictive as presented by this example. Numerous possible modifications to the elements of the device, in particular, the design of the drum, the jet generator, their sizes, can vary depending on the type and condition of the source material being separated, the degree of air pollution, the type and properties of pollution, and, of course, are within the scope of one of the usual and natural approaches in this field of knowledge and are considered such that they are within the scope of the proposed technical solution.

The quintessence of the proposed technical solution is that due to the implementation of the jet generator in the form of a rotary hole drum, it was possible to open the way for the further development of turbulence of the aerodynamic flow, to increase the long residence time of the separated mixture in the active part of the separating chamber, otherwise affect the system of jets on the separated material, and namely these circumstances allowed the proposed device for separation to acquire the above and other advantages. Changing the proposed principle of forming an aerodynamic flow from a system of individual jets to others naturally limits the range of advantages listed above and cannot be considered new technical solutions in this field of knowledge, since others, such as the described device for separation, no longer require any creative approach from designers and engineers, and therefore cannot be considered the results of their creative activities or new intellectual property subject to protection documents in accordance with applicable law.

Claims (2)

1. A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium, comprising a hopper with a vibratory tray, a jet generator installed underneath them, connected to a pressurized air drive, a separation chamber, under which fraction collectors are located, characterized in that the jet generator is made in the form of a hollow forced rotary hole drum, the forming surface of which has many channels separated from each other to form a system of individual jets, and the separating chamber and the air supply drive d pressure jet generator are interconnected through said drum diametrically. 2. The separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ducts for forming a system of jets are made in the form of nozzles mounted on a forming surface of a rotating hole drum at an acute angle to its tangent in a direction coinciding with the direction of rotation of the specified drum.