RU96571U1 - DEVICE FOR INTEGRATED CLEANING OF DRINKING WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A device for integrated water treatment, containing three filter elements connected in series with the current of water, a means for supplying water and a means for draining the filtrate, the first filter element located at the water inlet of the device is designed to purify water from mechanical impurities having a size of more than 5 μm, characterized in that the second filter element is designed to hold particles less than 5 μm in size, passed by the first filter element, including colloidal particles from 10 to 100 nm, and a third filter conductive element is used for the microbiological purification of water. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second filter element contains a cartridge formed by 2-4 layers of sheet sorption-filtering material wound on a perforated polymer frame. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the third filter element contains a cartridge in the form of a roll formed by 14 layers of sheet sorption-filtering material located on a perforated polymer frame. ! 4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the sheet sorption-filtering material is a non-woven polymer fibrous material, on the fibers of which particles of nanostructured alumina hydrate are fixed.

Description

The utility model relates to the purification of drinking water and is intended for use in domestic conditions and allows for the comprehensive purification of water from mechanical impurities, colloidal particles, heavy metal ions and microorganisms.

Currently, there are many multistage water treatment devices of various types designed for the purification (post-treatment) of drinking water coming from a centralized water supply source.

Removing colloids from water is a key element in the process of treating water from pollution, including microbiological. When cleaning water from colloids, the main task is to destroy the colloidal system, to ensure rapid coagulation of dispersed impurities and their separation from the dispersion medium.

The most widespread practice of water purification is the method of deposition of colloidal particles using coagulants.

A known installation [RU 62923 U1] for water treatment. including a preliminary preparation unit and blocks for further water purification, while the preliminary preparation unit comprises a direct-flow coagulation unit with clarification filtering.

However, this method has the disadvantage of introducing additional chemical components into the water.

000 “Aqua-circuit” produces two - three- and five-stage filter for post-treatment of drinking water [], including cartridges of obligatory mechanical water purification, as well as cartridges for fine water purification, either based on ultrafiltration membranes or reverse osmosis.

Known multi-stage filters "Geyser-Prestige" stationary installation [], which use a five-stage water purification system:

The first stage - a mechanical filter cartridge purifies water from insoluble impurities;

The second stage - a cartridge made of granulated coconut coal purifies water from chlorine, pesticides and herbicides;

The third stage - a cartridge of finely porous pressed coal removes most organic compounds;

The fourth stage - membrane cleaning by the reverse osmosis method removes almost all contaminants, because the membrane material passes only water molecules, and impurities are washed off into the drainage;

The fifth step is the post-treatment of odors and gases.

Today, reverse osmosis membranes provide the highest degree of water purification. However, they have low productivity, require a high inlet water pressure, and are unstable to clogging pores, especially when uncleaned water is supplied to the membrane. In household water purifiers, as a rule, the pressure additionally created at the membrane inlet is relatively low, so most of the water supplied to the treatment is discharged into the effluent in the form of permeate. Therefore, the main purpose of reverse osmosis membranes is to remove ions and molecules of dissolved substances from water.

The three-stage Aquaphor Trio Norma filter [www.AquaPoint.ru, 08/06/2009] containing the first module for purifying water from mechanical impurities up to 20 microns in size, a second module that traps particles up to 5 microns in size and a third filtering filter particles up to 1 micron and conducting bactericidal water purification.

A filter designed only to remove particles larger than 1 micron (as described by the manufacturer) due to the decreasing pore size.

The third module is based on the bactericidal action of silver, which disinfects water due to the death of bacteria under the influence of silver; for this, their contact needs to be quite long, which is difficult to ensure at the indicated rates of filtering water through the filter, and, in addition, dead bacteria and released during death of endotoxin gets into purified water, which can cause allergic reactions.

The objective of the utility model is to develop a device for integrated water treatment, which will most effectively remove mechanical impurities, colloidal particles and microorganisms with high performance without the need for additional pressure directly from the water supply network.

The problem is achieved in that, like the well-known, the proposed device for integrated water treatment contains three filter elements connected in series with the current of water, as well as a means for supplying water and a means for draining the filtrate, the first filter element located at the water inlet to the unit is designed to mechanical purification of water from impurities having a size of more than 5 microns.

What is new is that the second filter element is designed to retain particles less than 5 microns in size, passed by the first filter element, including colloidal particles from 10 to 100 nm in size, and the third filter element is intended for microbiological water treatment.

It is preferable that the cartridge of the second filter element is formed by 2-4 layers of sheet sorption-filter material wound on a perforated polymer frame.

In addition, the cartridge of the third filter element is formed by 14 layers of sheet sorption-filter material wound on a perforated polymer frame.

In addition, the sheet sorption-filtering material is a non-woven polymer fibrous material, on the fibers of which particles of nanostructured aluminum oxide hydrate are fixed.

In this utility model, it is proposed to use three stages of water purification.

The first stage - the filtering element of mechanical cleaning is designed to remove particles larger than 5 microns from the water and serves to reduce the load on the second stage - the filtering element for cleaning water from colloidal particles. At the second stage, particles are retained: colloidal particles from 10 to 100 nm in size and particles less than 5 microns in size, missed by the first stage. The third stage is a filter element designed for microbiological water treatment.

As a filter material, which is used to form cartridges of filter elements of the second and third stages, it is proposed to use sheet sorption-filter material - the trade name is AquaVallis filter material []. The material consists of a non-woven fibrous matrix (material - cellulose acetate grade FPA - 15-2.0). Particles of nanostructured alumina hydrate with electropositive potential up to 40 mV in water are deposited on matrix fibers.

For the second stage, a cartridge can be used containing from two to 4 layers of AquaVallis material wound around a perforated polymer frame. The filter element of the second stage removes a significant portion of colloidal particles from the water, thereby increasing the life of the microbiological filter. The performance of such a system is 4-5 l / min.

For the third stage, a cartridge is used in the form of a roll formed by 14 layers of AquaVallis material.

For the effective removal of colloidal particles, two to four layers of material are sufficient, since the bulk of the contaminants is retained on the surface of the first layer due to coagulation on particles of nanostructured alumina hydrate and their mechanical retention.

The filter of the second stage removes a significant portion of colloidal particles from the water, thereby increasing the life of the microbiological filter (third stage).

For microbiological cleaning, a larger number of layers of AquaVallis material is necessary, since the requirements for the efficiency of microbial retention are higher and the retention of microorganisms occurs throughout the volume of the filter material, due to adsorption.

Figure 1 shows the proposed installation of integrated purification of drinking water.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the filtration rate on the volume of water passed through at an initial iron concentration of 5.61 (1), 3.69 (2), 1.38 (3), 0.93 (4), and 0.36 ( 5) mg / l

The device is installed in cold water supply networks, directly at the consumer. The performance of such a system is 4-5 l / min.

To complete the installation, standard components are used: interconnected filter holders of the SL-10 type. "

The complex drinking water purification device (Fig. 1) contains: a filter element for mechanical treatment 1 (first stage), a filter element for purifying water from colloidal particles 2 (second stage) and a filter element 3 for microbiological water (third stage); filter elements are mounted on the bracket 4; the device comprises means for supplying water 5 and means for removing the filtrate 6.

The second stage 2 is a perforated polymer frame 7, on which four layers of AquaVallis 8 material are wound, installed in a standard SL-10 filter holder.

The third stage 3 is a commercially available microbiological cartridge "AquaVallis FE 150", installed in a standard filter holder type SL-10.

The first stage is any industrially produced cartridge for mechanical treatment of water with a rating of not more than 5 microns.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Example 1

Example 1 shows the retention efficiency and performance drop of the cartridge for cleaning from colloidal particles when filtering a colloidal solution of iron (III) hydroxide with a particle size of 20-50 nm.

Model solutions of colloidal iron hydroxide Fe (OH) ₃ were obtained by dissolving a portion of iron (II) sulfate FeSO ₄ in tap water, and its subsequent oxidation with atmospheric oxygen with stirring for 15-20 minutes. The particle size in the colloidal solution thus obtained was 20-50 nm. The concentration of colloidal particles of iron hydroxide was estimated by the concentration of iron, mg / l and the turbidity of the solution, EM (nephelometric turbidity units).

The results are shown in figure 2 and table 1.

The area with a slight decrease in productivity corresponds to the adsorption of colloidal particles to a significant decrease in pore size as a result of clogging by trapped particles, a sharp drop in productivity is due to the accumulation of sediment on the filter and the transition of the filtering to the region of mechanical particle retention.

Table 1. The concentration of iron in the initial solution, mg / l Turbidity of the initial solution, EM The concentration of iron in the filtrate, mg / l Turbidity of the filtrate, EM 5.61 31.22 <0.01 0.00 3.69 15.67 <0.01 0.00 1.38 6.08 <0.01 0.00 0.93 2.45 <0.01 0.00

Example 2. Water purification device from colloidal forms of iron compounds was carried out at the Zavarzinsk water treatment plant in Tomsk after the aeration stage. The concentration of iron in water before filtration was 1.75 mg / L (with a MPC of 0.3 mg / L). After filtration, this indicator decreased to 0.1 mg / L, and remained constant throughout the filtration of 0.8 m ^{3 of} water. Thus, the efficiency of water purification from iron compounds in colloidal form was 94%.

Example 3. Experiments on the purification of tap water in the Akademgorodok microdistrict (water supply from the Zavarzinsky water treatment plant in Tomsk) were carried out in such a way as to simulate a pattern of real water consumption. After passing certain portions of water, the water supply stopped. This made it possible to evaluate how the efficiency of the filter material changed after it had been in water for a long time. Contamination in the source water: total iron - 0.2 mg / l, zinc - 0.37 ± 0.09 mg / l, lead - 0.0039 ± 0.0012 mg / l, copper - 0.033 ± 0.008 mg / l . The test data are shown in table 2.

table 2 The effectiveness of water purification from inorganic pollution The volume of skipped water, l Total iron, mg / l Zinc, mg / L Lead, mg / l Copper, mg / L 250 0.020 ± 0.002 0.017 ± 0.004 0.00015 ± 0.00004 0.0016 ± 0.0006 500 0.022 ± 0.002 0.029 ± 0.007 0.0003 ± 0.0001 0.0003 ± 0.0001 750 0.021 ± 0.002 0.004 ± 0.008 0,00023 ± 0.0001 0,00066 ± 0.0001 1000 0.024 ± 0.002 0.017 ± 0.004 0,00043 ± 0.0001 0,00087 ± 0.0001

As follows from Table 2, a device for the comprehensive treatment of drinking water with cartridges containing AquaVallis material is highly effective for fine purification of tap water from heavy metals, allowing them to reduce their concentration in water to several times lower than the MPC.

Example 4. Microbiological testing of the device was carried out in laboratory conditions, artificially introducing model microorganisms into dechlorinated tap water mkr. Akademgorodok Tomsk. Daily through the device was filtered 0.2 m ³ water with a concentration of bacteria E. coli 10 ³ CFU / ml In 100 ml samples taken after filtering every 0.1 m ^{3 of} water, E. coli was absent. The total volume of water thus filtered through the device was 6 m ³ .

Claims (4)

1. A device for integrated water treatment, containing three filter elements connected in series with the current of water, a means for supplying water and a means for draining the filtrate, the first filter element located at the water inlet of the device is designed to purify water from mechanical impurities having a size of more than 5 μm, characterized in that the second filter element is designed to hold particles less than 5 μm in size, passed by the first filter element, including colloidal particles from 10 to 100 nm, and a third filter conductive element is used for the microbiological purification of water. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second filter element contains a cartridge formed by 2-4 layers of sheet sorption-filtering material wound on a perforated polymer frame. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the third filter element contains a cartridge in the form of a roll formed by 14 layers of sheet sorption-filtering material located on a perforated polymer frame. 4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the sheet sorption-filtering material is a non-woven polymeric fibrous material, on the fibers of which particles of nanostructured alumina hydrate are fixed.