RU93944U1 - ENERGY INSTALLATION ON BEAM-WAVE ENERGY - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A power plant comprising a radiation concentrator, a concentrated radiation receiver, a heat engine heated by said receiver, a radiation source tracking system and at least one electric current generator, characterized in that said engine is a rotary piston engine with external heat input . ! 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the said engine contains at least two working units, each of which has a housing coaxially mounted inside it with the possibility of rotation by two movable rotors with two pistons on each with the formation of four working chambers between the pistons, motion conversion mechanism for each of the working units, a common output shaft. ! 3. Installation according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the said hub is a collection of concave ring-shaped elements. ! 4. Installation according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the said hub is a collection of concave rectangular elements. ! 5. Installation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said engine further comprises a compressor. ! 6. Installation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the said engine further comprises a container for the working fluid. ! 7. Installation according to 5, characterized in that the said engine further comprises a container for the working fluid. ! 8. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that said engine further comprises a compressor. ! 9. The installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the said engine further comprises a container for the working

Description

The utility model relates to power plants that convert radiant and wave (in particular, solar) energy into electrical and (or) into thermal. It can be used as a stationary, mobile and (or) portable source of electric current and (or) heat, both as part of existing energy-thermal complexes, and in stand-alone operation, for industrial and domestic purposes, including for land, water, air and space vehicles, including vehicles.

Known solar combined power station (AS SU 1726922), consisting of 2 circuits - with a heat transfer fluid and a steam-water medium, respectively. The solution includes sequentially arranged receiver systems of modular parabolic cylindrical solar energy concentrators with a solar tracking system, a superheater, a steam generator, a circulation pump and a boiler unit with a natural gas injection connected in parallel with the heat receiver. A system of modular parabolic cylinders is connected via a heat transfer fluid to a superheater and to a steam generator, and the steam outlet from the superheater is connected to a turbine having an electric energy generator on its shaft. The turbine outlet is connected to a condenser having cooling.

The disadvantages of this solution are its bulkiness, which limits its mass use in a limited area, the need to use significant (huge) volumes of heat transfer liquid and gas to implement the functions of efficient heat transfer in the system, which in turn does not allow generating energy in relatively small volumes for specific needs consumers (there is no scalability of the solution for the needs of high-tech compact industries, for the needs of small and medium-sized businesses with distributed infrastructure, agriculture and farms with limited energy and heat consumption).

Known solar thermal converter (application RU 93030959) containing a solar energy concentrator combined with a working fluid heater in the form of a vacuum-tubular collector, a heat exchanger, a steam condenser, an electric generator and a control complex. The electric generator is made in the form of parallel electrostatic generators of opposite polarity, using dry steam of the working fluid as a charge conveyor looped with a solar energy concentrator, heat exchanger and steam condenser. The latter is a sealed boiler with a collector made of pipes with holes along the generatrix, and the output terminals of the generator are connected to an external load through an electromechanical drive and a voltage and frequency converter.

The disadvantages of this solution are:

- thermodynamic limitations on the efficiency of charge transfer by dry steam to electric generators;

- the presence of a large number of small parts in the structure, subjected to continuous exposure to high temperature;

- high heat loss in heat exchangers and collectors.

A known engine with an increased input region, using a thermodynamic cycle to obtain electrical energy from thermal energy (patent US 7607299). The device consists of a heating element (heating head, heating heat exchanger or heating collector) with an increased area of the region receiving thermal energy (in particular, from the Sun) and introducing it into the engine, capable of using various thermodynamic cycles to convert thermal energy into electrical energy (in particular - Stirling thermodynamic cycle), cooling element (cooling head, cooling heat exchanger or cooling manifold), shifting primary piston, sp move periodically relative to the heating and cooling elements, moving the pressurized gas between the working cavities of the engine, from the hot heat exchanger to the cold one and vice versa, with pressure equalization devices and a system for converting thermal energy into electrical energy, in the form of a kinetically moved secondary piston combined with an alternator , to excite the magnetic field in the electric winding of the alternator, which is also periodically shifted, creates useful work (in stnosti, electrical energy).

Due to the heating in the engine of the working fluid (compressed to high gas pressure) by external heat supply through the heating heat exchanger, periodic oscillations of the primary piston occur, which are placed with the help of membrane annular partitions inside one of the working chambers of the engine. The heated gas creates excess pressure and, moving the piston, enters the cooling heat exchanger, where, when cooling, it allows directing the cooled gas to the heating heat exchanger by the recovery method.

Useful work (in particular, electrical energy obtained in this way) produced by the conversion system (alternator) can be transmitted through the energy transmission system to consumers (to the payload).

The disadvantages of this solution are:

- limitations on useful work, depending on the size of the heat exchangers. If you need to get a lot of useful work (a large amount of electric energy), it is necessary to significantly increase the size of the heat exchangers and the volumes of gas heated in them, to do more useful work;

- the limit on the actual efficiency, reaching which, the actual efficiency of the solution begins to fall due to its significant overall dimensions, i.e. an engine based on the Stirling thermodynamic cycle cannot effectively produce useful work beyond this limit, far from the theoretically achievable efficiency limit;

- the need for constant monitoring and equalization of working pressure between the working cavities of the engine in order to exclude the possibility of engine failure due to possible damage to expensive elastic structural elements (cuffs, annular membrane partitions, gaskets) that support pistons in design conditions;

- the need to use resource-intensive technical solutions in the engine to ensure and maintain a high working pressure at a given level in the system as a whole, to maintain the engine in working condition for a long period of time and with constant exposure to heat supplied to the engine externally.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a system for converting solar radiation (radiation) into electrical energy (patent US 4616140). The system includes a parabolic mirror (concentrator) that tracks the position of the Sun throughout the day to focus solar radiation on the focal plane, a heat engine operating on uniform hot gas, two identical electric generators symmetrically located relative to the engine and mechanically coupled to it. The engine is equipped with a heated head (which is the receiver) placed in the focal plane. One of the generators has a starter for this engine.

The disadvantages of this solution are the overall dimensions of the system, which significantly increase the total weight of the supporting structure and the load on its base, as well as the need to place expensive and precision heat exchangers in the focal plane, which should provide heat removal from the energy conversion system (engine with a heated head) accordingly and in sufficient quantities to ensure its acceptable performance characteristics and proper design efficiency, from theoretically to possible limit of efficiency.

The objective of the utility model is to create a power plant based on radiant-wave energy with a significantly higher efficiency, modular, scalable in power, low cost of manufacture and low cost of the useful work it produces (generated electrical and (or) thermal energy), which has high reliability , high performance characteristics, with the possibility of implementing options for stationary, mobile and (or) portable placement, long life and MTBF, simple th in the manufacture and maintenance.

The problem is solved with the help of a power plant containing a radiation concentrator, a concentrated radiation receiver, a heat engine, the heater of which is said receiver, a radiation source tracking system and at least one electric current generator, characterized in that said engine is a rotary piston engine with external heat supply.

The mentioned engine contains at least two working units, each of which has a housing coaxially mounted inside it with the possibility of rotation by two movable rotors with two pistons on each with the formation of four working chambers between the pistons, a mechanism for converting the movement of rotors into rotational motion, a common output shaft .

Said hub may be a collection of concave ring-shaped elements.

Said hub may be a collection of concave rectangular elements.

Said engine may further comprise a compressor and a valve (valve system).

Said engine may further comprise a container for the working fluid.

The installation may have a second heat exchange circuit.

The proposed radiant-wave energy installation has a higher efficiency, is modular, scalable in power, with a low cost of manufacture and low cost of the useful work it produces (generated by electric and (or) thermal energy), has high reliability, high tactical technical characteristics, allows you to implement options in a stationary, mobile and (or) portable location, has a long service life and MTBF, is simple to manufacture and to serving decision.

The technical solution provides a significant increase in the efficiency of the conversion of radiant-wave energy into electrical and (or) thermal energy by reducing losses in individual sections of the conversion and by using a combination of technical elements (components) that were previously not used (not connected), which together allow significantly reduce losses and cost of useful work performed by the installation, namely: significantly reduce losses and cost of electricity generated by the installation and (or) eplovoy energy.

The main advantages of the rotary piston (rotor-vane) engine used in the proposed technical solution are as follows: high thermal efficiency (up to 70%), compactness, minimal vibration due to the symmetrical design, low mechanical friction losses, high operational life, easy start-up at low temperatures, tightness, environmental friendliness, ease of maintenance.

The utility model is illustrated by figures.

Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a radiant-wave energy concentrator with concave ring-shaped elements.

Figures 3 and 4 show an embodiment of a radiant-wave energy concentrator with concave rectangular elements.

Figure 5 shows the path of the rays in the hub.

Figure 6 shows some embodiments of the radiation receiver (heater).

Figure 7 shows some embodiments of the radiation receiver (heater) in conjunction with pipelines.

On Fig shows an embodiment of a rotary piston engine with an external heat supply with two trapezoidal rotary piston groups.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a rotary piston engine with an external heat supply with two cylindrical (toroidal) rotary piston groups.

Figure 10 shows a rotor-piston group without a motion conversion mechanism and a driven shaft.

11 shows a motion conversion mechanism with elements separated in the axial direction (for clarity).

12 shows a basic (reference) closed curve (equidistant) representing the profile of the outer edge of the cam in the motion conversion mechanism.

On Fig shows a General schematic representation of the installation.

On Fig shows a functional diagram of the installation.

On Fig shows a graph of pressure changes in each of the working nodes of the engine with an external supply of heat, when changing the angle of rotation of the rotors.

In Fig.16 shows a graph of the volume change in each of the working units of a rotary piston engine with an external heat input, when changing the angle of rotation of the rotors.

On Fig shows a graph of pressure and volume (PV-diagram of a thermodynamic cycle) in each of the working nodes of the engine.

On Fig shows a diagram of the change in the moments of the shafts of the rotors in each of the working nodes of the engine and the summing moment on the common driven shaft, when the angle of rotation of the rotors.

On Fig in the table shows the phase sequence of the thermodynamic cycle with an external heat supply in the engine, consisting of two working units mounted relative to each other with an angular shift, in each of the working units, when the rotation angle of the rotors changes.

The sequence of figures 20-28 shows an example of the operation of a rotary piston engine, consisting of two working units mounted relative to each other with an angular shift, in accordance with the thermodynamic cycle implemented in it.

A radiant-wave energy installation includes: a radiation concentrator (3) that traps radiation (radiant-wave energy) (2a) with characteristic E from the radiation source (s) (1). The hub (3), in particular, consists of concave elements of an annular shape (4) (Figs. 1, 2) or concave elements of a rectangular form (5) (Figs. 3, 4), profiled and placed on a supporting-bearing structure (on figures not shown) in such a way that:

- for concave ring-shaped elements (4), focusing of radiation (2a), incident on the input aperture of the concentrator (3) from the radiation source (s) (1), is provided for a point (limited) in diameter (small) in diameter, a spot or ring (8) behind the output aperture a concentrator (3) in the focal plane (9), before the focal plane (9) or after the focal plane (9), in all cases located behind the concentrator (3), with a high degree of density and concentration of the total radiation (2b) with characteristic E1;

- for concave rectangular elements (5), focusing of radiation (2a), which falls on the input aperture of the concentrator (3) from the radiation source (s) (1), on a limited (small) width strip or line (11) behind the output aperture of the concentrator ( 3) in the focal plane (9), before the focal plane (9) or after the focal plane (9), in all cases located behind the concentrator (3), with a high degree of density and concentration of the total radiation (2 s) with characteristic E2.

Concave elements (4) or (5) of the concentrator (3) do not overlap each other along the front of the rays, waves, radiation (2a) coming to the concentrator (3) when the source (s) (1) is on the axis of the concentrator (3) ( figure 5). Coaxial placement of elements (4) or (5), as well as pointing at the source (s) of radiation (1) and tracking its (their) position (movement) ensures maximum efficiency of the concentrator (3).

Suitable solutions for the concentrator (3) are known in the art: for example, US Pat. No. 6,620,995 describes design features with concave ring-shaped reflecting elements (4), and US 6,971,756 and US 7607429 describe structural features with rectangular concave reflective elements (5) )

Depending on the chosen engineering solution, the concentrator (3) can also be another type of design that implements for radiation (2a) falling on its input aperture from the radiation source (s) (1) a different method of concentration and reflection and (or) re-reflection of rays, waves, radiation (2b, 2c). In particular, the concentrator (3) can be made integral, sectional or modular, profiled or solid, in the form of a parabolic reflective structure with a direct focus (axisymmetric), a parabolic reflective structure with a shifted focus (offset), a cylindrical paraboloidal structure, a semi-cylindrical paraboloidal structure, lenticular design, a design using Fresnel lenses and in another way.

Thus, in the concentrator (3) by reflection (re-reflection) of radiation (2a), the concentration (addition, superposition) of rays, waves, in the form of radiation (2b) or (2c) occurs behind the output aperture of the concentrator over a limited area (8 or 11) focal plane (9), which leads to a significant increase in the energy flux density (E1 or E2) in this limited area.

The energy loss in the concentrator (3) upon reflection (re-reflection) of any rays, waves, radiation from the source (s) (1) is minimal, since the angle of incidence of rays, waves, radiation on the concave elements (4) or (5) of the concentrator ( 3) it is equal to the angle of reflection and the individual elements (4) and (5) do not overlap each other.

This approach allows you to concentrate a larger amount of energy (E) coming from the radiation source (s) (1), with a smaller input aperture (diameter, external overall dimensions) of the concentrator (3), assembled from several coaxially connected elements (like concave ring (4) ), and concave rectangular (5)).

Reflection (re-reflection) takes place for all types of rays, waves, radiation. The minimum losses for each of the types (ranges, spectra) of radiation are provided by the physical properties of the reflecting elements (type of material, its crystal lattice / structure, coating, sputtering, additional processing - mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, quantum, pressure, etc. P.).

In this case, for example, the material composition of the elements (4, 5) can be more effective in terms of reflection loss (re-reflection) coefficient for visible light (it is better to reflect it) and less effective for ultraviolet rays (it is worse to reflect), while acting on the concentrator (3) both types of radiation.

Concave reflecting (reflecting) elements (4) or (5) of the concentrator (3) can be made of metal, alloy, polymeric material, plastic, fabric and other materials suitable for this, with reflective properties optimal for a separate range of rays, waves, radiation or optimal for a specific spectrum of rays, waves, radiation over their entire (its) range. This can be achieved by treating the surface of elements (4) or (5) by profiling, grinding, polishing or spraying, sticking, attaching to the main surface of the reflective layer of a different composition (film, varnish, paint, molecular structure, nanostructure, etc. .P.).

In addition to the special concave (shaped) shape of the elements (4) or (5), when using special materials for the elements (4) or (5) or their surfaces, providing equally effective reflection (re-reflection) of all incoming rays, waves, radiation in different ranges (spectra), the total efficiency of the concentrator (3) will be even higher, because in the focal plane (9) behind the output aperture of the concentrator (3), addition (overlapping) of all the rays, waves, radiation will be the maximum possible and the total energy (E1 or E2) over the totality of the rays, waves, radiation added (interlaced) in this limited space available for further conversion will be the maximum possible. In particular, it is possible to collect 3 types of radiation at one point at the same time using one reflective surface - visible light + infrared (IR) + ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Cosmic rays, in particular, relict radiation, gamma rays, x-rays and other types of radiation, both known and unknown, can also be concentrated in a similar way.

The concentrator (3) is placed on a rotary support structure (12), consisting of a rotary support part and a bearing part, which together form a single unit, which ensures the rigidity of the mounting of the reflecting elements (4) or (5), their alignment, their proper resistance and resistance to external power loads, in particular adverse mechanical effects (including wind loads); adverse weather conditions; exposure to external magnetic, gravitational, electric, electromagnetic and other fields; adverse temperature conditions; pressure and / or rarefaction of the environment, etc.

The supporting-rotary supporting structure (12) allows you to direct the concentrator (3) to the radiation source (s) (1) and track its (their) movement along any path, as well as to ensure the rotation of the concentrator (3) around its axis (if necessary).

To track the position or trajectory of the radiation source (s) (1) along one or two axes, continuously or discretely, relative to the concentrator (3), the concentrator (3) is equipped with a tracking system (14). The system (14) has a tracking device (13). As the device (13), various sensors, photocells, sensors, video cameras, etc. can be used. The device (13) is mounted on a hub (3) or its supporting-bearing structure (12).

Various tracking devices (13), tracking systems (14) and feedback devices for controlling the rotation, guidance and tracking of the concentrator (3) behind the radiation source (s) (1) are known from the prior art and can be implemented in various ways based on various technological equipment, the specific type, nature and connection diagram of which are not fundamental to the essence of this technical solution.

The operation of the tracking system (14) provides the feedback of the hub (3) with other nodes and subsystems of the power plant and creates the control signals necessary for turning (turning) the support-bearing structure (12) to the source (s) (1) in the most accurate way.

The rotation / turning functions of the supporting-bearing structure (12) of the concentrator (3) are performed by drives (engines, motors, electric, hydraulic and other drives, belt, worm or gear drives, guides with rollers or bearings, mechanisms with a counterbalance system, rails, rods etc.), the specific type, nature and connection diagram of which are not fundamental to the essence of this technical solution.

The installation also contains a receiver (15) of concentrated radiation (2b, 2c) installed in the focal plane (9), to the focal plane (9) or after the focal plane (9) behind the concentrator (3). The function of the receiver (15) is to receive the collected radiation with the characteristics E1 or E2 and convert it to thermal energy by heating the surface area (8 or 11) under the influence of concentrated aggregate radiation (2b) or (2c).

The receiver (15) is an element receiving radiation, which is made with cavities, channels and (or) with protrusions for optimal circulation of the working fluid (Fig.6). The receiver (15) can be made in the form of a disk-shaped (cylindrical, oval, conical) shape or in the form of a rectangular (trapezoid, rhombic, cubic) shape. As the working fluid can be used gas or liquid, compressed or liquefied to the required working pressure.

On the receiver (15) there is a fragment of the surface (16) located in a limited area (8) or (11). Radiation (2b) or (2c) with characteristics E1 or E2 collected directly by the concentrator (3) is directly received on fragment (16). Fragment (16) can be smooth, concave, convex, broken, shaped, in the form of a cup, hemisphere, cylinder or other shape, with or without a protrusion.

Depending on the chosen engineering solution, the radiation receiver (15) can be a separate structure (part) installed directly on the installation casing or attached to the installation casing, which, after assembly with the installation casing, is a single unit, and can also be made in the form of a separate structure (part), which is not integral with the installation case and connected to it by means of pipelines (10) placed, connected and withdrawn from its case (Fig. 7).

Some versions of the receiver of radiation (15), attached directly to the housing of the installation, shown in Fig.6.

Options a and b relate to the radiation receiver (15), made in the form of a disk-shaped (cylindrical) part receiving radiation (2b) or (2c) on its front (front) side, located with its back (rear) side directly on the installation case .

Options c and d relate to the radiation receiver (15), made in the form of a disk-shaped (cylindrical) part receiving radiation (2b) or (2c) on its front side, located with its rear side directly on the installation body.

For each of the options a, b, c and d, different designs of the elements (16) are possible (Fig. 6 shows 3 versions of the design of the element (16) for each of the versions of the radiation receiver (15), but other options are also possible).

Some versions of the receiver of radiation (15), attached to the casing using pipelines (10), shown in Fig.7.

Options a and b relate to the radiation receiver (15), made in the form of a disk-shaped (cylindrical) part receiving radiation (2b) or (2c) to its front (front) side, positioned with its back (rear) side at the required distance from the installation housing and connected to the installation housing through pipelines (10).

Options c and d relate to the radiation receiver (15), made in the form of a disk-shaped (cylindrical) part receiving radiation (2b) or (2c) on its front side, positioned with its rear side at the required distance from the installation casing and connected with the installation casing by means of pipelines (10).

For each of options a, b, c and d, various versions of pipelines (10) are possible (Fig. 7 shows 2 options for supplying and placing pipelines (10) on a radiation receiver (15) - horizontal and vertical, but other options are also possible )

It is preferable that the radiation receiver (15) be made of materials with high specific heat, high specific thermal conductivity and high melting temperature exceeding the maximum possible temperature achieved by the type of concentrator (3) used in each particular embodiment of the technical solution. For example, the radiation receiver (15) can be made of metal (copper, silver), an alloy of metals, a polymer material, or a material with a single crystal or polycrystalline structure. Such a choice of the material of the radiation receiver (15) provides the most efficient heat transfer between the radiation receiver (15) and the working fluid and minimizes the loss of energy and (or) heat.

In some cases, it may be preferable to make the radiation receiver (15) from a material transparent to the radiation collected by the concentrator (3) with characteristics E1 or E2, having zero or extremely small losses when the concentrated radiation flux (2b, 2c) passes through it (for example, from suitable glass, artificial diamond, etc.). Such a choice of material ensures the most efficient transfer of concentrated radiation (2b, 2c) through the radiation receiver (15) directly to the working fluid and minimizes energy and (or) heat loss.

The proposed installation contains a heat engine (18). The radiation receiver (15) is its heater (hot heat exchanger). New in the proposed solution is that as a heat engine (18) it is proposed to use a rotary-piston (otherwise called rotary-vane) engine with an external heat supply (see Figs. 8 and 9).

A rotary piston (rotary vane) engine (in other words, a turbine) (18) with an external heat supply (Figs. 8 and 9) contains: a heater (hot heat exchanger) in the form of a radiation receiver (15), at least two working units ( 19) and a cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20). The composition of the engine (turbine) (18) may include a compressor (21) and a container (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35) connected by valves (valve system) (37) and (or) pipelines (10) with cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20).

Each working unit (19) contains a housing (22), in which two movable rotors (23) and (24) are coaxially mounted for rotation with two pistons (otherwise called vanes) (25a) and (25b) on each with the formation between the pistons (blades) of four working chambers. Pistons (blades) (25a) belong to the rotor (23), pistons (blades) (25b) belong to the rotor (24)). Together they represent a rotor-piston (otherwise called rotor-blade) group (see also FIG. 10).

Each working unit (19) has a movement conversion mechanism (27) (otherwise called a converter unit) and a driven shaft (26) (see also Fig. 9). Working nodes (19) can be installed with an angular shift relative to each other.

The shape of the pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) can be toroidal, cylindrical, trapezoidal, rectangular, and any other suitable in shape and size to the selected engineering solution (unprincipled for the essence of this technical solution).

The housing (22) of each working unit (19) is filled with a working fluid (gas or liquid) under the initial working pressure. The working units (19) are connected to the radiation receiver (heater) (15) and a cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) directly or connected to them by a piping system (10).

Between the respective planes (end surfaces) of the four pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) four working chambers are formed. In each working unit (19), when the working fluid is heated due to an external supply of heat, the energy of the working fluid is converted into the movement of the rotors (23) and (24).

The output shafts (26a) and (26b) of the rotors (23) and (24) are hollow (the rotor (23) has a shaft (26a), and the rotor (24) has a shaft (26b)), are mounted coaxially and are connected with the motion conversion mechanism (27). The driven shaft (26) of the working unit (19) passes coaxially with the output shafts (26a) and (26b) of the rotors (23) and (24) through the cavity in them and is also connected with the movement conversion mechanism (27).

These requirements are met by the engine described in the patent application RU 2008120953, although other solutions are possible.

Changing the volumes (V) and pressure (P) of the working fluid in the working chambers of the working units (19) from heating it, by means of an external heat supply, allows the rotors (23) and (24) with pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) ) vibrational-rotational motion relative to each other. The motion conversion mechanism (27) is designed to convert the vibrational-rotational movement of the rotors (23) and (24) with pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) relative to each other into the uniform rotation of the driven shaft (26) and the summation of the moments of motion of the rotors ( 23) and (24) transmitted to the driven shaft (26) of the working unit (19).

The following requirements are imposed on the motion conversion mechanism (27):

- minimal mechanical friction losses;

- the number of working cycles with one revolution of the driven shaft;

- maintaining a constant angular velocity of the driven shaft;

- ride and shocklessness;

- balance;

- simplicity of design;

- ease of manufacture.

The converter unit described in the patent application RU 2008120953 satisfies these requirements. A suitable mechanism for converting motion (27) is also described in patent RU 2374526.

The mechanism for converting movement (27) (Fig. 11) comprises a housing (27.1), a first drive shaft (27.2), a cam (27.3) mounted on the housing coaxially with the first drive shaft, a disk (27.4) with guides (27.5-27.8), symmetrically located along mutually perpendicular axes of symmetry on the plane of the disk (27.4) and made, in particular, in the form of identical straight through slots in the disk, a rhombic articulated four-link (27.9) with fingers (27.10-27.13) located at its vertices and interacting with the cam (27.3) and guides (27.5-27.8).

The fingers (27.10-27.13) are axially located, pass through the guides (slots) (27.5-27.8) and rest on the profile (outer edge) of the cam (27.3).

Coaxially with the first drive shaft (27.2), a second drive shaft (27.14) is installed, in particular having the shape of a hollow shaft. The first drive shaft (27.2) is rigidly connected to the middle of the lever (27.16), and the second drive shaft (27.14) is connected to the middle of the lever (27.15). The ends of the levers (27.15, 27.16) are pivotally connected to the midpoints of the opposite sides of the articulated four link (27.9). The disk (27.4) is mounted for rotation and is rigidly (in particular, using a rigid mechanical transmission) connected to the driven shaft (27.17).

The first drive shaft (27.2) is rigidly connected to the shaft (26a) of the rotor (23), the second drive shaft (27.14) is rigidly connected to the shaft (26b) of the rotor (24). The driven shaft (27.17) is rigidly connected to the driven shaft (26) of the working unit (19) (or combined with it).

The guides (27.5-27.8) are located symmetrically along mutually perpendicular axes of symmetry on the plane of the disk, the cam profile (27.3) is described by the dependence of the polar radius on the polar angle and the length of the side of the articulated four link and is an equidistant, spaced apart by the radius of the finger (27.10-27.13) inward from the base (reference) closed curve (Fig), described by the following formula:

where ρ (α) is the polar radius (the origin of the polar coordinates

located in the center of the cam);

α = 0-2π is the polar angle;

L is the length of the side of the rhombic four-link;

ψ _min is the minimum angle between the sides of the rhombic four-link;

π is the number Pi.

For any other cam profile (27.3) that does not belong to the equidistant family with the given formula, as well as another placement of fingers (27.10-27.13) on the rhombus and the location of the guides (27.5-27.8) on the disk, the motion conversion will be accompanied by jerking and shock (it will be broken smoothness of conversion).

When there are several working units (19) (two or more), their driven shafts (26) are combined into a common output shaft (40).

A cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) is designed to cool the working fluid to the required minimum temperature in the required time by accumulating, settling, absorbing or emitting in the form of thermal energy the energy that it receives from the working fluid, which comes in heated form from the volumes of the working chambers working units (19) of the engine (turbine) (18), after which it is necessary to return the working fluid in a cooled state back to the radiation receiver (heater) (15) through the volumes of the working chambers of the working units (19) of the engine (turbine) (eighteen).

The effective efficiency of such a conversion is determined by the temperature difference between the radiation receiver (heater) (15) and the cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) and the total number of different losses. The larger the temperature difference between (15) and (20) and the smaller the various total losses, the higher the efficiency of the power plant as a whole and the closer it is to the theoretical limit of the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle with an external heat supply implemented in the engine (turbine) (18) .

A cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) can be a closed, essentially passive, heat exchange circuit of a power plant that transfers thermal energy to the environment (e.g., air, earth, sand, salt, oil, antifreeze, water, vacuum, space, etc.) .P.). With such an engineering solution, all the thermal energy of the working fluid is lost (dissipated) in the surrounding space and no additional useful work when cooling the working fluid when it circulates through a cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20).

The installation may have a second heat exchange circuit. In this case, the cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) is a closed, essentially active, heat exchange circuit of a power plant, which transfers thermal energy to the environment through this second heat exchange circuit, being its primary part. With such an engineering solution, the thermal energy of the working fluid is used in this secondary heat exchange circuit and, thus, additional useful work is performed when cooling the working fluid when it is circulated through a cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) in addition to the useful electrical energy received from the installation .

When using a plant with a second heat exchange circuit, useful work is the generation of thermal energy, which can be used for end consumers or for its storage and storage, to use it for the plant’s own needs, in particular, to ensure its uninterrupted operation for the required period of time ( for example, at night), in the absence of a source (s) (1) of radiation or the impossibility of orienting it (them). Additional useful work produced by a power plant in the form of thermal energy can be used for heating various rooms, equipment and communications, for food production, for heating coolants in external energy-thermal systems, in various systems of synthesis of substances and materials using thermal energy as a catalyst (a necessary component in the reactions) to obtain various chemical and organic compounds. The fields of application of a power plant and the possible tasks with its help are unlimited.

The resulting chemical and organic compounds, in turn, can be used to create the necessary incoming radiation (2a) to the radiation receiver (heater) (15), by combining them, mixing, burning or otherwise, which will also ensure uninterrupted operation of the power plant on the necessary period of time (for example, at night), in the absence of a source (s) (1) of radiation or the impossibility of focusing on it (them), but with less energy efficiency (with less efficiency).

The compressor (21) is designed to automatically or manually control and maintain the required pressure of the working fluid in the power plant as a whole, in particular in the cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) by forcing (if necessary) the cooled working fluid into the corresponding volumes of the working chambers of the working units (19) to ensure the return of the cooled working fluid to the radiation receiver (heater) (15).

The compressor inlet (21) can be connected to a cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) through a valve (valve system) (37).

The output of the compressor (21) can be connected to a container (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35) for storing, reusing or dumping excess working fluid from the working volume of the power plant.

The tank (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35) can be connected to a cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) through a valve (valve system) (37), to ensure proper feedback.

The compressor (21), the container (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35) and the valve (valve system) (37) are connected to each other directly and (or) interconnected by a piping system (10) (shown in FIG. .fourteen).

Depending on the selected engineering solution (required working volumes, required pressure levels), a compressor (21), a container (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35), a valve (valve system) (37) may be absent, provided that all the elements of the installation are tight, inside of which the working fluid circulates for the period of its installed engine life after creating the necessary working pressure in the installation, during its primary production, or when putting it into operation.

When choosing an engineering solution that provides for the presence of a compressor (21), a tank (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35) and a valve (valve system) (37), they can be implemented in various ways based on various well-known technological equipment. The specific type, technical characteristics, nature and connection diagram of the compressor (21), capacity (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35) and valve (valve system) (37) are not essential for the essence of this technical solution.

Any equipment or payload (32) can be connected to the driven shaft (26) of each working unit (19) or to the common output shaft (40) of the engine (turbine) (18), which requires uniform rotation for its work or uses it to perform useful work.

Depending on the need of the payload (32) for electrical energy, the installation contains at least one electric current generator (45) mounted on the driven shaft (26) of a separate working unit (19) or on a common output shaft (40) of the engine (turbine) (eighteen).

The electric current generator (45) can be made in the form of a separate product connected to the engine (turbine) (18) through a shaft or as a structural part of the engine (turbine) (18) with a common housing combined with the engine (turbine) (18) in a single whole (in the case combined with the working unit (19)).

As a generator of electric current (45), a solution or a design known from the prior art can be used that is implemented in various ways on the basis of various technological equipment, the specific type, nature and scheme of which is connected to the payload (32) are not essential for the essence of this technical solution.

It is preferable to use electric generators (45) with minimal losses and maximum efficiency (for example, generators with excitation from permanent magnets).

To connect the power plant to the payload (32) and provide the required power for subsequent use, the power plant can include an automation, protection and control system (46), made in the form of blocks, modules and sensors, providing proper control and safe operation installation during its entire service life.

The functions of the automation, protection and control system (46) include monitoring all the required parameters issued by the installation, in particular according to mechanical energy (speed of rotation, torque, mechanical power, etc.), and to electric energy (voltage, current, electric power etc.), by thermal energy (temperature, volume, pressure, humidity, reaction rate, etc.).

System (46) can have several modes and levels of protection (to ensure mechanical, electrical, and thermal safety), have the ability to remotely control the installation, have functions for remote diagnostics of the installation (in general) and its individual elements (in particular), and have functions for remote collection and display statistics about the parameters and operating modes of the installation at a single point in time or for the required period of time.

System (46) can have a subsystem for monitoring and controlling the operation of a separate (secondary) heat transfer circuit, as well as a compressor (21), a container (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35), and a valve (valve system) (37).

As an automation, protection and control system (46), any suitable standard solution known from the prior art or design implemented in various ways on the basis of various technological equipment can be used, the specific type, nature and scheme of which is connected to the working units (19), to the generator (s) of electric current (45), to the compressor (21), to the payload (32) and to other subsystems of the installation are not essential for the essence of this technical solution.

Total, Fig.13 shows a General schematic representation of the described installation with an indication of its main elements. The process of its operation is explained by the functional diagram (Fig.14) and is described below.

Installation works as follows.

The concentrator (3) is placed in a space filled with any radiation (2a) from the radiation source (s) (1), for example, “visible light”, ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) and (or) other radiation .

When the position of the source (s) (1) relative to the concentrator (3) changes, the tracking device (13) detects this circumstance, and the tracking system (14) rotates the supporting-bearing structure (12) and thus corrects the position of the concentrator (3).

Radiation (2a), reflected from elements (4) or (5) of the concentrator (3), in concentrated form (2b, 2c) falls into the focal plane (9), where the radiation receiver (heater) (15) is located, more precisely - it surface fragment (16).

Absorbing or passing through itself concentrated radiation (2b, 2c), the radiation receiver (heater) (15) with minimal losses provides expansion (heating) of the working fluid enclosed inside it (behind it).

The working fluid, expanding due to heating from the radiation receiver (heater) (15), moves in the volumes of the working chambers of the working units (19) and pushes the pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) of the rotors (23) and (24), which make uneven vibrational-rotational motion relative to each other, while doing useful work.

In the volumes of the working chambers of each working unit (19), the phases of the thermodynamic cycle are implemented with an external heat supply: compression, heat supply, inlet, stroke (expansion), exhaust, heat removal.

Changing the angle of rotation of the pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) of the rotors (23) and (24) changes the pressure of the working fluid (P) (Fig. 15) and the volume of the working fluid (V) (Fig. 16) in the volumes of the working chambers work units (19) in accordance with the thermodynamic cycle with an external supply of heat, i.e. The PV diagram shown in FIG.

In Fig. 15, the solid line indicates the dependence of the pressure change for the volume of the working fluid in the working chamber located in the working unit (19) at the beginning of the cycle (conditional rotation angle = 0) in the heated state, and the dotted line indicates the dependence of the pressure change for the volume the working fluid in the working chamber located in the working unit (19) at the beginning of the cycle (conditional angle of rotation = 0) in a cooled state.

In Fig. 16, the solid line indicates the dependence of the change in the volume of the working fluid in the working chamber located in the working unit (19) at the start of the cycle (conditional rotation angle = 0) in the heated state, and the dotted line indicates the dependence of the change in the volume of the working fluid in the working a chamber located in the working unit (19) at the moment of the beginning of the cycle (conditional angle of rotation = 0) in a cooled state.

The motion conversion mechanism (27) converts the uneven vibrational-rotational movement of the pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) of the rotors (23) and (24) relative to each other into the uniform rotation of the driven shaft (26) of the working unit (19) and (or ) the total output shaft (40) of the engine (turbine) (18).

The motion conversion mechanism (27) summarizes the moments of the shafts (26a) and (26b) of the rotors (23) and (24) transmitted to the driven shaft (26) of the working unit (19) according to the dependence shown in FIG. 18 and drives the driven shaft (26 ) in uniform rotation. In Fig.18, the dependences of the change in the moments of the output shafts (26a) and (26b) of the rotors (23) and (24) on the rotation angle are shown by dotted and dashed lines, and the dependence of the change in the resulting moment of the driven shaft (26) and (or) the common output shaft (40) - a solid line.

During the operation of the engine (turbine) (18), the working fluid at the outlet of the volumes of the working chambers of the working units (19) enters the cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20), where it is cooled, thereby creating a difference in temperature, pressure and volume, according to the phases thermodynamic cycle with an external supply of heat.

From the cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20), the working fluid enters the volumes of the working chambers of the engine (turbine) (18), where it is delivered by pumping back to the radiation receiver (heater) (15) for heating, while idling.

As a result of moving the working fluid in a closed circuit from the radiation receiver (heater) (15) to the cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) and back through the volumes of the working chambers of the engine (turbine) (18), the thermal energy of the working fluid is converted into mechanical work, driven the shaft (26) and (or) the common output shaft (40) rotates uniformly, and the generator (s) (45) generate (produce) an electric current.

Fig. 19 and the sequence of figures 20-28 explain the operation of the engine (turbine) (18) in the particular case of its execution, i.e. when it consists of two working units (19) installed relative to each other with an angular shift. Embodiments of such an engine (turbine) (18) were shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.

The table shown in Fig. 19 shows the sequence of phases in the thermodynamic cycle with an external heat supply for some conditional rotation angles of the rotors (23), (24) in each of the two working units (19).

The left side of figures 20-28 shows the status of the working nodes (19), i.e. the position of the pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) of the rotors (23) and (24), providing circulation of the working fluid. The local volumes of the working fluid moving during the phases of the thermodynamic cycle with an external supply of heat along the corresponding volumes of the working chambers of the engine (turbine) (18), the radiation receiver (heater) (15) and the cooler (cold heat exchanger) (20) are denoted by A and B.

The right-hand side of figures 20-28 shows a graph of changes in the working volume (V) and working pressure (P) in the working units (19) (PV diagram) when changing the conditional angle of rotation of the rotors (23) and (24) in each of the working units (19). The points A and B marked on the graph show where on it are located the values of the working volume (V) and working pressure (P) corresponding to the position of the pistons (blades) (25a) and (25b) of the rotors (23) and (24) shown on the left work units (19).

If the installation includes a compressor (21), a container (tank) for the working fluid (receiver of the working fluid) (35) and a valve (valve system) (37), this provides automatic or manual control of the pressure of the working fluid (17) by forcing a cooled working fluid in the corresponding volumes of the working chambers of the engine (turbine) (18) and increases the safety of the installation.

If the installation has a second heat exchange circuit, this allows you to perform additional useful work, that is, generate useful thermal energy in addition to the useful electrical energy received from the installation, both for end-users and for the plant’s own needs, in particular, to provide for its uninterrupted operation for the required period of time (for example, at night), in the absence of a source (sources) of radiation or the impossibility of orientation to it (them).

Claims (18)

1. A power plant comprising a radiation concentrator, a concentrated radiation receiver, a heat engine heated by said receiver, a radiation source tracking system and at least one electric current generator, characterized in that said engine is a rotary piston engine with external heat input . 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the said engine contains at least two working units, each of which has a housing coaxially mounted inside it with the possibility of rotation by two movable rotors with two pistons on each with the formation of four working chambers between the pistons, motion conversion mechanism for each of the working units, a common output shaft. 3. Installation according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the said hub is a collection of concave ring-shaped elements. 4. Installation according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the said hub is a collection of concave rectangular elements. 5. Installation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said engine further comprises a compressor. 6. Installation according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the said engine further comprises a container for the working fluid. 7. Installation according to 5, characterized in that the said engine further comprises a container for the working fluid. 8. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that said engine further comprises a compressor. 9. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that said engine further comprises a container for the working fluid. 10. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that said engine further comprises a compressor. 11. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that said engine further comprises a container for the working fluid. 12. Installation according to any one of paragraphs.8 and 10, characterized in that the said engine further comprises a container for the working fluid. 13. Installation according to any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8-11, characterized in that it has a second heat exchange circuit. 14. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a second heat exchange circuit. 15. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that it has a second heat exchange circuit. 16. The installation according to claim 5, characterized in that it has a second heat exchange circuit. 17. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that it has a second heat exchange circuit. 18. Installation according to item 12, characterized in that it has a second heat exchange circuit.