RU91418U1 - AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF DRYING AND FIRING OF CERAMIC BRICK - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An automated control system for the process of drying and firing ceramic bricks, including a working channel, conditionally divided into zones for sequentially carried out drying, firing and cooling operations, brick supply trolleys installed in the respective channels of the damper, and temperature meters, flue gas extraction fans, coolant from the cooling zone of the kiln, coolant from the drying zone and fan for supplying atmospheric air to the cooling zone of the kiln, heating system, veins a drying system with a drying zone recirculator and an automatic control system containing appropriate sensors, computer information from them with input / output and display devices connected to it and computer-controlled actuators, characterized in that it is equipped with control and control cabinets via an information cable with a computer, a block of signal converters and a relay block, the latter being made with the possibility of controlling the motors ln mechanisms of the flow line, and the block of signal converters is configured to convert the input signals of various types of transmitters into a normalized voltage. ! 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the computer is equipped with application software for collecting, archiving the current technological parameters for objective data analysis and programming of optimal algorithms for controlling the drying and firing processes of bricks, indicating pre-emergency and emergency states of mechanisms and devices controlled and controlled by

Description

The proposed group of utility models relates to equipment for the production of building materials and may find application in factories for the production of ceramic products in the automation of drying and firing processes.

A tunnel drying oven is known, including a working channel, conditionally divided into zones of drying, preparation, firing and cooling of products, a cold air supply fan at the end of the cooling zone, a flue gas extraction fan, a heating system and a recirculation system (see, for example, Kashkayev I.S. and Sheinman E.Sh. Production of clay bricks.M.: Stroyizdat, 1978. P.227-232). A disadvantage of the known kiln-dryer is the difficulty of creating rational humidity and aerodynamic regimes in the drying zone and the low quality of finished products due to drying defects.

There is also a known line for molding, drying and capping ceramic products, containing a belt press, a two-stage cutting and laying machine for raw equipment for technological equipment with a tool feeder and an accelerating roller table, dried multi-tiered blocks, an unloader with a shuttle breaker, a bag-forming device with a cage for oven trolleys (Copyright certificate USSR No. 1621310, IPC В28В 15/00, published. 06.23.1992). The disadvantage of this device is that it does not ensure uniform drying of the brick.

The closest to the proposed group of utility models in terms of technical nature and the technical result achieved by using it is a multi-chamber furnace containing chambers for successively drying, calcining, cooling operations and a recirculation system in each of them, including sequential loading of blanks into the drying chamber, air supply to the cooling chamber, and the coolant to the firing chamber, the selection of exhaust gases from the furnace chambers to the recirculation and exhaust gas system into the atmosphere, unloading from Eliya from the cooling chamber (Kashkan IS, Scheinman E.Sh. manufacturing ceramic bricks. M .: High school, 1983. S.143-144).

The disadvantages of the well-known multi-chamber furnace include the low quality of ceramic products. In addition, the disadvantage of the known furnace is that it does not provide the solution to the following important control tasks: the possibility of remote control of the dryer and the firing chamber, as well as providing optimal speed control of the drying and firing process while maximizing the quality parameters of the dried products.

In the development of modern production lines, automated control systems are used, made on the basis of microprocessor and computer equipment (see V. S. Zorokhovich. Microprocessor and computer equipment for automation of factories of the building materials industry. "Building Materials". 2003, No. 1. P. 14-16-16 ) Such control systems usually contain appropriate sensors, information from them receiving a computer complex for input and processing of technological information, including a processor, an information storage device and information display units, as well as an interface board and signal conversion units, and the latter controlled by the latter.

The task underlying this utility model is to increase the safety and efficiency of the production line and stabilize the quality of products by automating the drying and firing process.

The task underlying this group of utility models is solved by the fact that in the production line of drying and firing ceramic bricks, including a working channel, conditionally divided into zones for sequentially carried out drying, firing and cooling operations, brick feeding trolleys installed in the corresponding channels of the damper and temperature meters, fans for flue gas extraction, coolant from the cooling zone of the kiln, coolant from the drying zone and a fan for supplying atmospheric air to the cooling zone of the kiln and, a heating system and a ventilation system with a recirculator of the drying zone, humidity and temperature meters installed in the drying zone and pressure meters installed near the flue gas exit channel, the heating system of the firing zone, at the outlet of the cooling zone of the kiln and in the ventilation the system of the drying zone, while the flaps of the channels of the exhaust fan, the cooling zone of the kiln and the ventilation system of the drying zone are equipped with actuators for controlling the flaps.

In addition, the drying zone is made in the form of a set of n chamber-type dryers.

The task underlying this group of utility models is also solved by the fact that an automated control system for the production line of drying and firing ceramic bricks, including a working channel, conditionally divided into zones for sequentially carried out drying, firing and cooling operations, brick feeding trolleys, installed in the corresponding channels, dampers and temperature meters, fans for flue gas extraction, coolant from the cooling zone of the kiln, coolant from the drying zone and an air supply fan of black air to the cooling zone of the kiln, heating system, ventilation system with a recirculator of the drying zone and an automatic control system containing the corresponding sensors, the computer receiving information from them with the input-output and display devices connected to it and computer-controlled actuators is equipped with a control and management cabinet and a signal converter unit and a relay unit connected via an information cable to a computer, the latter being made with the ability to control the motors of the actuators of the production line, and the block of signal converters is configured to convert input signals from sensors of various types into a normalized voltage.

In addition, the computer is equipped with application software for collecting, archiving the current technological parameters for objective data analysis and programming of optimal algorithms for controlling the drying and firing processes of bricks, indicating pre-emergency and emergency conditions of mechanisms and devices controlled and controlled by the system, and providing the ability to automatically switch to backup process control programs in case of failure of certain devices that are part of the system and It contains a module for coordinating the operation of the system, a module for interacting with an I / O board, drying chamber control modules, a kiln control module, a drying and programming module for editing, an error indication module, a module for viewing and printing archive data, a storage module, and data exchange, utility program module, shared resource for data exchange between control modules and the module of interaction with the input / output board and a database entered into it for storing drying programs and brick, a database to store events and data, and a library of calibration tables for thermocouples.

The introduction of additional humidity and temperature meters installed in the drying zone and pressure meters installed near the flue gas exhaust channel, the heating system of the firing zone, at the outlet of the cooling zone of the firing furnace and in the ventilation system of the drying zone allows the creation of rational humidity and direct flow in the drying zone countercurrent aerodynamic modes and thereby obtain high quality products.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

- figure 1 shows the General structural diagram of the production line of drying and firing of ceramic bricks;

- figure 2 shows the technological regulation of drying;

- figure 3 shows a structural diagram of a drying chamber;

- figure 4 shows a structural diagram of the interaction of the software modules;

- figure 5 shows a structural diagram of the control air dampers;

- figure 6 shows a structural diagram of the operation control of the recirculator;

- Fig.7 shows a structural diagram of the temperature control of the kiln;

- Fig.8 shows a structural diagram of a kiln;

- figure 9 shows a structural diagram of the transportation of bricks. Preferred embodiments of the utility model are described below based on the presented drawings, where:

1. - zone of plastic formation of raw brick;

2. - zone for transporting raw brick to drying chambers 3;

3. - brick drying zone -10 chamber type dryers (K ₁ ... K ₁₀ );

4. - a zone for unloading dried brick from the drying chamber and laying on firing trolleys;

5. - tunnel kiln;

6. - zone of transportation of finished products to the packaging zone;

7. - air line for supplying coolant to the drying chambers;

8. - hot air choke;

9. - the discharge line of the spent coolant;

10. - air damper;

11. - humidity sensor (primary converter) in the drying chamber;

12. - temperature sensor (primary converter) in the drying chamber;

13. - recirculator fan motors;

14. - drive movement of the recirculator 15 in the drying chamber;

15. - recirculator;

16. - sensor for monitoring the position of the recirculator 15 at the end points of the rail;

17. - sensor for monitoring the position of the recirculator 15 at the end points of the rail;

18. - control and management cabinet;

19. - relay block (engine control unit for actuators at the relay level);

20. - a block of signal converters;

21. - relay block output;

22. - input of the block of signal converters, type of input signal: thermo EMF (thermocouple);

23. - input of the block of signal converters, type of input signal: contact sensors (limit switches, additional contacts of starters);

24. - input of the block of signal converters, type of input signal: current loop of an alternating current (monitoring the operation of electric motors);

25. input of the block of signal converters, type of input signal: DC current loop (primary converters, regulatory bodies);

26. - input / output board;

27. - the system unit of a personal computer;

28. - information cable;

29. - 50-pin connectors;

30. - application software;

31. - operating system;

32. - monitor;

33. - manipulators;

34. - thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the smoke exhaust gases;

35. - smoke exhaust channel;

36. - thermocouple for measuring temperature in the preheating zone;

37. - preheating zone;

38. - thermocouple for measuring temperature in the firing zone;

39. - firing zone;

40. - thermocouple for measuring temperature in the cooling zone of the kiln;

41. - cooling zone of the kiln;

42. - sensor pushing trolleys;

43. - firing trolley;

44. - engine exhaust;

45. - engine exhaust;

46. - kontrovik (fan supply coolant drying chamber);

47. - engine for the selection of hot air;

48. - high-speed cooling engine;

49. - sub-car space;

50. - limit switches of the “Open” position of the guillotine gate;

51. - guillotine gates of the pre-chamber and post-chamber;

52. - the pre-chamber;

53. - post-camera;

54. - limit switches of the "Closed" position of the guillotine gate;

55. - limit switches of the "Emergency" position of the guillotine gate;

56. - limit switches of a tension of a chain of a drive of a guillotine gate;

57. - trailer switch for the presence of a trolley in front of the pre-chamber;

58. - trailer switch for the presence of a trolley in the antechamber 52 of the furnace;

59. - trailer switch for the presence of a trolley in the post-chamber 53 of the furnace;

60. - contacts of the “General stop” push button;

61. - contacts "pushing" the directions of movement of the pusher;

62. - contacts "Return" of the directions of movement of the pusher;

63. - current sensors of engines 13 of the recirculator fans;

64. - current sensors of engines 13 of the recirculator fans;

65. - current sensors of the motor 14 for moving the recirculator;

66. - current sensors of engines of pumps for supplying air to gas burners;

67. - engines of pumps for supplying air to gas burners;

68. - gas burners;

69. - current sensor of the engine 44 of the smoke exhaust;

70. - current sensor of the engine 48 high-speed cooling;

71. - current sensor of the engine heat generator 46;

72. - current sensor of the engine 49 cooling subcar space;

73. - current sensor of the engine for the selection of hot air from the furnace;

74. - the position sensor of the drive shaft of the damp air dampers;

76. - the position sensor of the drive shaft of the hot air dampers;

75. - position sensor for the shaft of the actuator of the exhaust fan shutter;

77. - the position sensor of the shaft of the drive damper high-speed cooling;

78. - the position sensor of the shaft of the drive damper selection of cold air;

79. - a choke of selection of cold air;

80. - the position sensor of the drive shaft of the shutter 81 selection of hot air;

81. - a hot air intake flap;

82. - the position sensor of the shaft of the drive damper 83 cooling;

83. - cooling flap;

84. - a position sensor for the shaft of the actuator of the shutter 85 for regulating the pressure in the line 7;

85. - actuator pressure control damper in the highway 7;

86. - pressure sensor in the smoke exhaust zone;

87. - pressure sensor in the firing zone;

88. - pressure sensor in the hot air extraction zone;

89. - pressure sensor in the air line 7;

90. - temperature sensor of the coolant intended for drying chambers;

91. - chimney exhaust flap;

92. - damper for air supply of high-speed cooling;

93. - a module for programming and editing drying programs;

94. - button "Start" of the quick launch panel for ACS;

95. - system coordination module;

96. - taskbar of the Windows OS;

97. - regulation of relative humidity in the drying chamber;

98. - regulation of the position of air dampers of moist and hot air from time to time;

99. - operating hours of the recirculator in the drying chamber;

100. - a database for storing drying programs;

101. - launch buttons of drying chambers;

102. - a supply line of hot air to the drying chamber;

103. - drying chamber control module;

104. - light annunciator;

105. - sound annunciator;

106. - outlet line of moist air from the drying chamber;

107. - base for storing events and data;

108. - the plane of the air damper;

109. - the angle of rotation of the air damper;

110. - programmable flow area;

111.- shutter closing relay;

112. - flap opening relay;

113. - flap drive shaft;

114. - damper actuator;

115 - load current loop;

116. - normalizing current loop amplifier;

117 - relay turning rotation to the left;

118 - relay enable rotation to the right;

119. - relay enable the movement of the left;

120. - motion enable relay to the right;

121. - the normalizing amplifier of the right trailer;

122. - normalizing amplifier of the left trailer;

123. - normalizing amplifier of the current loop of an alternating current of a motion engine;

124. - normalizing amplifier of the current loop of an alternating current of the rotation motor No. 1;

125. - a normalizing amplifier of the current loop of an alternating current of a rotation motor No. 2;

126. - relay for switching on the light annunciator of the drying chamber;

127. - relay for activating the sound annunciator of the drying chamber;

128. - measurement of temperature in the sub-car space;

129. - current sensor of the cooling engine;

130. - trolley pusher;

131. - kiln control module;

132. - a tunnel kiln;

133. - library of calibration tables for thermocouples;

134. - control unit pushing trolleys;

135. - a zone for transferring dried brick from drying trolleys to burning;

136. - a section for transporting roasting trolleys into the furnace;

137. - a transportation section through a kiln;

138. - a section for transporting roasting trolleys for unloading in the packaging zone;

139. - a section for transporting roasting trolleys for transfer;

140. - maintenance area;

141 - error indication module.

The production line for drying and firing ceramic bricks, including a working channel, conditionally divided into zones for successively carried out drying, firing and cooling operations, contains zone 1 for the plastic formation of raw brick, zone 2 for transporting raw brick to drying chambers 3 - a brick drying zone, consisting of from 10 chamber-type dryers (K ₁ ... K ₁₀ ), zone 4 of unloading of dried brick from the drying chamber and stacking on firing trolleys, tunnel kiln 5 and zone 6 of transporting finished products to the packaging zone.

The supply of fresh coolant in the drying chamber 3 is carried out through the air line 7 from the kiln 5.

Automatic control of the drying of products is carried out using the following nodes controlled by an automated system (figure 3):

- adjusting the flow rate of fresh coolant entering the drying chamber along line 7 using an air damper 8 equipped with an electric drive;

- adjustment of the flow rate of the spent coolant leaving the drying chamber to the exhaust line 9 of the spent coolant using an air damper 10 equipped with an electric drive;

- humidity measurement using a humidity sensor in the drying chamber - the primary Converter 11;

- temperature measurement using a temperature sensor in the drying chamber - the primary Converter 12;

- the implementation of the recirculation of the coolant in the drying chamber using an electric motor 13 of the fans of the recirculator;

- the movement of the recirculator 15 along the rail in the drying chamber using the drive 14;

- control of the position of the recirculator 15 at the end points of the rail track is carried out by contact sensors 16 and 17.

Automatic control of firing products is carried out using the following nodes controlled by an automated system (figure 1):

- measuring the temperature in the tunnel of the kiln in the zones of preheating 37, roasting 39, cooling 41 of the kiln using thermocouple groups 36, 38, 40;

- temperature measurement in the channel 35 of the exhaust fan, the main line 7 of the hot air supply to the drying chambers, in the sub-car space 49 (pit) using thermocouples 34, 90, 128;

- pressure measurement in the preheating zone 37, the firing zone 39, the cooling zone 41 of the kiln, in the air line 7, the selection of cold air in the air line 7 using pressure meters 86, 87, 88, 89, 73;

- control of the current consumption of the fan motors of the smoke exhaust fan 44, cooling 45, counter control 46, cooling 47 of the subcarriage space 49, high-speed cooling 48, air supply 67 to the gas burners 68 using current sensors 69, 129, 71, 72, 70, 66;

- control of the air dampers for the selection of hot air 81, cooling 83, the regulation of pressure 85 in the air line 7, the selection of cold air 79, the damper 91, the damper high-speed cooling 92;

- monitoring the position of the guillotine gate 51 of the pre-chamber 52 and the post-chamber 53 using the limit switches position 50 and 54, monitoring the health of the guillotine gate using the limit switches 55 (accident) and 56 (chain tension);

- control of the positions of trolleys 43 in the furnace using limit switches 57 (trolley in the loading area), 58 (trolley in the pre-chamber), 59 (trolley in the unloading zone (post-camera);

- monitoring the position of the pusher 130 of the trolleys 43 in the furnace using the limit switches 61 and 62;

- monitoring the pushing of the trolleys using the sensor 42 and emergency stop pushing button 60.

The actuators at the relay level are controlled by the relay unit 19 installed in the control and control cabinet 18. The relay unit 19 consists of programmable relays, the “dry contacts” of which are connected to the output 21 of the control cabinet. Each individual programmable relay has a memory device with which dry contacts are controlled. To close and open the dry relay contacts, a logical "1" or a logical "0" is written to the memory, respectively. Relay block 19 combines 192 programmable relays.

The conversion of input signals to normalized voltage from sensors of various types is carried out by blocks of signal converters 20 installed in the cabinet 18.

Thermocouples are connected to the inputs 22 of the block 20 of signal converters designed to convert thermo-EMF to voltage: 34 - measuring the temperature of gases in channel 35 of the smoke exhauster 44; 36 - temperature measurement in the preheating zone 37 (5 pcs.); 38 - temperature measurement in the firing zone 39 (6 pcs.); - 40 - temperature measurement in the cooling zone 41 (6 pcs.).

To the inputs 23 of the block 20 of the signal converters, designed to process the signal from the sensors of the contact type, limit switches 16 and 17 of the movement of the recirculators 15 of the drying chambers in the amount of 20 pieces are connected, the push sensor 42 trolleys 43 in the kiln 5, the dry contacts of the motor starters fans: exhaust fan 44; cooling 45; counter control 46; cooling 47 of the subcarriage space 49 (5 pcs.), limit switches 50 (3 pcs.) of the “Open” position of the guillotine gate 51 of the pre-chamber 52 and the post-chambers 53 of the kiln, limit switches 54 (3 pcs.) of the “Closed” position of the guillotine gate 51 of the precamera 52 and kiln post-chambers 53, limit switches 55 (3 pcs.) Of the provisions for “Accidents of guillotine gates 51 of the pre-chamber 52 and kiln 53 post-chambers, limit switches 56 (3 pcs.) Of the tension of the drive circuit of the guillotine gate 51 of pre-chambers 52 and kiln 53 post-chambers limit switch 57 availability car weights in front of the pre-chamber 52 in the furnace loading zone, limit switch 58 for the presence of a trolley in the pre-chamber 52 of the furnace, limit switch 59 for the presence of a trolley in the chamber 53 of the furnace, contacts of the push button 60 "General stop" pushing, contacts of the directions of movement of the pusher "Push" 61 and "Return" 62.

To the inputs 24 of the block 20 of the signal converters are connected sensors of alternating current consumed by the motors of the actuators. 63 and 64 current sensors of the engines of the fans 13 of the recirculator 15 in the drying chambers (20 pcs.), 65 current sensors of the engine 14 of the displacement of the recirculator 15 along the rail (10 pcs.), 66 current sensors of the motors of the pumps 67 for supplying air to gas burners 68 (total 6 units according to the number of burner groups), 69 current sensor of the exhaust fan engine 44, 70 current sensor of the high-speed cooling engine 48, 71 current sensor of the engine of the backstop 46, 72 current sensor of the engine 47 cooling of the propeller spaces.

To the inputs 25 of the block 20 of the signal converters, designed to process the signal of the "current loop" type from the analog type sensors, humidity sensors 11 of the drying chambers in the amount of 10 pcs., Temperature sensors 12 of the drying chambers in the amount of 10 pcs., A 74 position sensor 20 hot air dampers and 75 moist air damper drive shafts in an amount of 20 pcs., sensor 76 for the position of the drive shaft of the damper 91 exhaust hood 44, sensor 77 for the position of the drive shaft of the high-speed cooling damper 48, sensor 78 for the position of the drive shaft of the damper 79 air, the sensor 80 of the position of the shaft of the actuator of the shutter 81 of the selection of hot air, the sensor 82 of the position of the shaft of the actuator of the shutter 83 of cooling, the sensor 84 of the position of the shaft of the actuator of the shutter 85 regulating the pressure in the line 7, the sensors 86 pressure in the smoke exhaust zone, pressure 87 in the firing zone 88 in the hot air extraction zone, pressure 89 in the air line 7, temperature sensor 90 of the coolant intended for drying chambers.

The control of the relay block 19 and the conversion of the normalized signal received from the block 20 of the signal converters into a digital value is carried out by the input / output board 26 installed in the system unit 27 of the personal computer.

Communication between the control cabinet 18 and the personal computer 27 is carried out through a special information cable 28, terminated by a 50-pin connector 29.

The personal computer 27 is equipped with application software 30 for collecting, archiving the current technological parameters for objective data analysis and programming optimal control algorithms for drying and firing bricks, indicating pre-emergency and emergency conditions of mechanisms and devices controlled and controlled by the system, and providing the possibility of automatic transition to backup programs flow line control in case of failure of certain devices that are part of the system and contains module 95 how the system works, the interaction module with the input / output board, the drying chamber control modules 103, the kiln control module 131, the drying program programming and editing module 93, the error indication module 141, the archive data viewing and printing module, shared with it, shared a resource for exchanging data between control modules and an interaction module with an input / output board, a utility program module and a database 100 for storing brick drying programs introduced into it, a database 107 for storing events and data and a library of 133 calibration tables for thermocouples.

Implementation of technological regulations, collection and archiving of current technological parameters, indication of current technological parameters is carried out by application software 30 created for the operating environment 31 Windows NT / 2000 / XP and designed for round-the-clock continuous operation.

Input and visual control of technological parameters is carried out using the monitor 31 and the manipulators 32.

To ensure automation of the drying of bricks in the production line, it is necessary to set the drying program using the editor program (programming and editing module for drying programs 93) (Fig. 4), which is included in the ACS software package 30.

Opening the editor program 93 begins by pressing the button 94 of the taskbar of the module for coordinating the operation of the system 95, which has similar properties to the taskbar 96 of the Windows operating system located on the “desktop” of the Windows 31 operating system. In the drop-down list “Menu” select the editor program 93 and open it. The task of the drying program (figure 2) is reduced to the compilation of the regulation 97 of the dependence of relative humidity on time [function F _Rt (t)], regulation 98 of the position of the air dampers of moist and hot air on time [function F _S (t)] and the regulation 99 recirculator in the drying chamber [function F _start (t)].

Editing the parameters of the drying schedule is carried out in graphical mode by transferring the on-screen mouse cursor to the humidity editing mode. First, you need to set the total time T (about 72 hours, depending on the type of product) drying for humidity regulations, the position of the air dampers and the operation of the recirculator. Next, you need to set the initial humidity value of the drying schedule at point t0. At this point, the editor program automatically adds two control points of the drying schedule: t1 and T, and connects all three points with a line. Next, it is necessary to adjust the time t1 (about 40 min), while the humidity values Rt0 at the point t0 and Rt1 are always equal. Equality Rt0 = Rt1 is provided automatically by the program. Next, use the mouse to assign additional control points in the range t1 ... T.

The preparation of the regulations for the position of the hot air damper 8 begins by transferring the screen cursor of the mouse to the editing mode of the regulations for the hot air damper. Use the mouse to set the sequence of control points. Moreover, the first assigned control point is automatically set at point t0. The value of the ordinate of the control point corresponds to the relative duct area (in percent) of the duct at the installation site of the air damper, i.e. 0% air damper is closed and 100% air damper is fully open.

The regulation of the position of the damper 10 moist air is carried out by analogy with the regulation for hot air.

The drawing up of the recirculator 15 operation schedule begins with the translation of the on-screen mouse cursor into the editing mode of the recirculator operation schedule. The recirculator operation consists of two modes - the recirculator is turned on ("START" mode) or off ("STOP" mode). For the "START" mode, a time period is assigned (Fig. 2) t0 ... t2, t3 ... t4, t5 ... t6, etc. For the STOP mode, a time period of t2 ... t3, t4 ... t5, etc. is assigned. To facilitate the drawing up of the recirculator operation schedule, the editor program offers to automatically assign control points t2 ... t8 with entering time periods for the START and STOP operating modes for the entire drying time range.

Adding and removing control points is carried out using the tools of the editor program interface. The toolkit of the interface is intuitive and with the presence of tips. Incorrect data entry is monitored automatically by the program. In this case, the minimum step of the control points along the abscissa axis for the drying regulations and the position of the air dampers is 5 minutes, for the operating time of the recirculator 10 minutes.

Next, for the drying program, the Name, the drying chamber number is assigned and it is stored in the database 100 (Fig. 4) for storing the drying programs. The prepared drying program can be copied for each drying chamber or each individual drying program can be assigned for each drying chamber, taking into account the characteristics of each drying chamber. For each drying chamber, a number of different drying programs can be compiled, taking into account the characteristics of the drying chamber, feedstock, brand of products, etc. In each series of drying programs, only one active drying program is assigned, according to the regulations of which the corresponding drying chamber should work.

For the correct operation of the mechanisms in the process of implementing the drying regulations in automatic mode, it is necessary to set the technical parameters. This setting is performed for each drying chamber separately during routine maintenance and equipment replacement. To carry out the data, it is necessary to call up the settings panel for drying chambers. The settings panel is called up by clicking on the "START" button 94 on the task panel of the ACS software. On the taskbar are:

- a tab for setting the parameters for monitoring the current consumed by the Rotation Motors 13, the motion engine 14 and the recirculator 15. The health of the motors is controlled by the value of the current consumed by them in a certain range, the boundaries of which are set on this tab. In addition, the time is set during which the current consumption is not controlled after turning on the motor due to transients. Data on the consumed current comes from current transformers included in the power supply circuit of electric motors, and is measured in the range 0.1 ... 100 A. For the correct measurement of current on this tab, a conversion factor is entered depending on the current transformer used;

- a tab for setting the parameters of the movement of the recirculator 15 on the rail track and the control parameters of the rotation motors 13. On this tab, a period of time equal to the period of time of movement of the recirculator 15 between the limit switches 16, 17 and the time of movement of the recirculator by inertia after turning off the power of the movement motor 14. This time is manually measured and entered once. The program under consideration provides a reversible recirculation mode. To do this, on this tab, you enter the time of rotation in one and the opposite direction and the time required to reverse the rotation;

- a tab for entering the parameters of the limit switches 16 and 17. On this tab, the types of used limit switches are taken into account, which can be mechanical and electronic with a common "minus" or "plus" and taking into account the residual voltage drop on the electronic switch;

- tab for setting the error handling algorithms for the recirculator motion. The maximum waiting time for the operation of the trailer 16 or 17 when the recirculator is moving is set. If it is exceeded, then it is considered that the limit switch is out of order and, if resolution is set on this tab, then in this case the program automatically switches from the motion algorithm "along the limit switches" to the motion algorithm according to "time". The value of the time period is taken from the previous tab or is measured automatically during the operation of the recirculator;

- a tab for entering the parameters of the "current loop" of the sensors 74 and 75 of the position of the drive shaft of the air dampers 8 and 10 (Figure 1) and entering the time characteristics of the drives of the air dampers 8 and 10. On this tab, the value of the load resistance of the current loop equal to 250 Ohms is entered with accuracy not worse than 1%, the current in the damper positions is open 0% and 100%, the error in setting the damper to the set value, the time period when moving the damper from the “closed” position to the “open” position. The current value is entered real after measurements to increase the accuracy of positioning of the air damper;

- a tab for entering the parameters of the "current loop" of the sensors 11 and 12 measuring temperature and humidity. On this tab, the value of the load resistance of the current loop for each sensor is entered equal to 250 Ohms with an accuracy of at least 1%, current for humidity corresponding to 0% and 100%, current for temperature corresponding to 0 ° C and 100 ° C;

- a tab for entering the parameters of the humidity maintenance algorithm in accordance with the regulations. On this tab, parameter D is entered, equal to the difference in the cross sections of the through channels of hot and humid air, i.e. - the cross section of the discharge line 9 of the moist air should be Δ% less than the cross section of the supply line 102 of the moist air to minimize the effect of leaks in the drying chamber and create excess pressure. Thus, the moist air damper 10 is always open relative to the hot air damper 8 by Δ% and the humidity regulation is set directly for the hot air damper 8. On this tab, the time parameter 9 (cycle) is set during which the shutter 8 does not change its position under certain conditions. During this period of time, the humidity values are compared at the beginning and at the end of cycle 9 and the humidity change rate is calculated at the current position of the shutters 8 and 10. On this tab, the ability to enable the restriction of opening the shutter 8 is also added. This parameter is necessary to limit the degree of opening of the shutter 8 with a possible large difference in the values of the current and specified humidity regulation in the drying chamber. In this case, the ACS focuses on the current values of the regulation 98 of the position of the air dampers 8 and 10, which was appointed by the technologist (figure 2) of the drying program. During the operation of the drying chamber, a large difference in the values of the current and the set humidity can occur when an unauthorized stop of the drying process, opening of the loading gate, etc. The parameter V _m (maximum rate of humidity drop in the drying chamber) is intended to limit the rate of change in humidity in case of improper selection of the drying mode of the brick in order to exclude marriage. The parameter is measured experimentally based on previous drying cycles and is equal to an average value of 4.3 for hollow bricks in the range of humidity from 95% to 60%.

After loading the drying chamber with raw brick and closing the loading gate, the operator calls to the desktop the default hidden panel 94 (Fig. 4) of the quick start ACS software. On the panel there are a number of buttons 101 with the designations (“K1” ... “K10”) corresponding to the numbers of the drying chambers. The button of the respective drying chamber is in the released state. The operator presses the button with the number of the drying chamber, ready to start the drying process. After pressing the button on the desktop, the program module 103 (Fig. 4) of the drying chamber, which is part of the ACS software, appears. The software module 103 checks in the electronic database 102 (FIG. 4) the presence of unfinished drying processes of this drying chamber, which may result from a manual shutdown by the operator, a power outage or other emergency situations. If such processes remain, then the drying chamber module offers to complete the drying process or remove them from the list of unfinished dryers. The operator refuses to continue unfinished drying cycles, if any, and presses the "Start a new drying cycle" button. The program module 103 selects the active program from a series of drying programs for this drying chamber, once again requests permission from the operator indicating the name of the drying program, and, if confirmation is received from the operator, starts the drying process. Before drying, the program module 103 checks the selected drying program for logical errors when drawing up the regulations for the position of the air dampers, the regulations for humidity and the regulations for controlling the recirculator. If these errors are detected, the program module 103 refuses to start drying and displays a predefined error number and a brief description thereof.

If logical errors in the drying schedule are not detected, then the program module 103 in the database 107 (Fig. 4) creates a new archive file where it stores the date and time of the start of drying, the name of the drying program, all the specified drying program schedules, the initial settings of the technical parameters of the mechanisms this drying chamber. At control point t0, program module 103 includes an acoustic siren 105 (FIG. 3) for 1 minute in the corresponding drying chamber and a light siren 104 located near the entrance to the drying chamber for the entire drying cycle. To turn on the sirens, relays 126 and 127 are used (Fig. 6).

When carrying out the drying regulations, the program module 103 monitors the health of the mechanisms. All malfunctions of mechanisms and sensors are divided into 3 categories:

- 1 category of malfunctions - when detecting malfunctions of this type, the program module 103 performs actions to temporarily stop all drying procedures, completely stop all the mechanisms of this drying chamber, completely take over the air channels 102 and 106, turn on the flashing light 104 and displays a message about the nature of the malfunction on the operator’s monitor using the error indication software module 141;

- 2 category of malfunctions - when detecting malfunctions of this type, the program module 103 switches to alternative algorithms for controlling mechanisms without stopping the drying procedures and displays a message about the nature of the malfunction on the operator monitor using the error indication program module 141;

- 3 category of malfunctions - when detecting malfunctions of this type, the program module 103 displays a warning to the operator’s monitor about the nature of the malfunction using the error indication program module 141.

These actions of the program module 103 help to reduce marriage during the execution of drying procedures, to predict the breakdown of mechanisms and to reduce equipment downtime in the event of a malfunction of the mechanisms.

At the control point t0 (FIG. 2), the program module 103 completely shuts off the air lines 102 of hot and 106 moist air with shutters 8 and 10 and performs the recirculation procedure for a period of time t0 ... T. At time t1, program module 103 measures the difference between the current and the adjusted humidity values at point t1:

ΔRt = Rt ₃ -Rt _And , where

Rt ₃ - the regulated value of humidity at point t1,

Rt _And - the measured value of humidity

and creates a new humidity regulation, similar to the given F _Rt (t), in which the time coordinate of the control points t _i remains unchanged, and the new humidity values are calculated by the formula:

The new humidity regulation is stored in an archive file.

If, when measuring humidity values, a malfunction of the humidity sensor 11 is detected, then the program module 103 ceases to comply with the humidity regulation 97 (Fig. 2), generates a category 2 error message, switches to an alternative air damper control algorithm and displays a malfunction message to the operator monitor . An alternative control algorithm for humidity regulation 97, in this case, is regulation 98 of the position of the air dampers.

From time t1, the program module 103 switches to automatic humidity control in the drying chamber in accordance with the new drying regulations F _Rt (t).

The air damper 8 is controlled cyclically with a period of 8 during the time θ × i = T-t1 of the drying schedule, where i is the total number of control cycles equal to (T-t1) / θ. To switch to automatic regulation of humidity in the drying chamber from time t1 or after an emergency stop of the drying process, program module 103 performs a test cycle θ ₁ in order to measure the real parameter V _and (the rate of change of humidity in the drying chamber from the area of overlap of the hot air channel). To do this, at the beginning of the first cycle θ _1, program module 103 performs the following calculations: the humidity value specified by the regulation at the beginning of the cycle θ ₁ , the opening angle of the hot air damper 8, taking into account the parameter V _m specified in the settings of program module 103. At the end of the trial cycle θ ₁ , the real value of humidity is measured and the real velocity V of humidity drop from the area of the passage section of the inlet 102 and outlet 106 air lines is calculated. Thus, in each subsequent cycles θ _{i + 1} , when calculating the area of the passage section of the supply and exhaust ducts, the parameter V _i measured in previous cycles θ _{i is used} .

During each cycle θ _i , the current humidity value is continuously monitored, and if during the cycle θ _{i the} current humidity value is less than the regulated value corresponding to the end time of the cycle θ _i , then in this case the program module 103 returns the position of the shutters 8 and 10 to the previous position corresponding to the beginning of the θ _i cycle, interrupts the control of the θ _i cycle and sets a new reference point θ _{i of the} cycle and recalculates the position of the dampers. Based on the results obtained, the corrected parameter V is calculated for use in calculations in the next cycle θ _{i + 1} .

If during the cycle θ _{i the} current humidity value is greater than or equal to the regulatory value corresponding to the end time of the cycle θ _i , the program module 103 brings the current cycle to the end, calculates a new value V and uses it in the next cycle θ _{i + 1} .

After the abnormal stop of the drying cycle, the program module 103 produces a test cycle θ ₁ in order to measure the real parameter V _and , as at the beginning of the drying. In this case, the countdown starts from the moment of stopping and taking into account the current value of humidity at the moment of stopping the drying cycle. This automatic humidity control algorithm provides the minimum percentage of rejected products at the drying stage, which completely depends on the set drying schedule.

The control algorithm of the air damper 8 (Fig. 3) consists in setting the plane 108 (Fig. 5) of the damper at an angle 109 relative to the longitudinal axis of the duct, at which the value of the relative area of the passage section 110 of the duct corresponds to the value set by the program module 103.

The area 110 of the passage section of the duct 102 is measured in relative units:

S _{i the} current area of the bore 110 of the duct 102;

S _max - the cross-sectional area of the duct 102.

The current flow area S _i depends on the current angle of rotation β _{i of the} plane of the valve 108:

S _i = S _max × cos (βi), where

β _i - the current value of the angle 109 of rotation of the plane of the valve 108, which is equal to:

l _i is the current value of the current in the current loop;

l _min is the current value (default 4 mA) in the current loop at which the duct 102 is completely blocked by the plane of the flapper 108 (with S _rel = 0);

l _max - current value (default 20 mA) in the current loop, at which the duct 102 is fully open by the plane of the valve 108 (with S _rel = 100),

and the dependence of the change in current in the current loop (or voltage at the load 115) on the angle of rotation of the shaft 113 is linear. Thus, the relative area of the bore S _rel is a function of the angle of rotation 109 of the axis of the valve 108. S _rel and β _i are related by:

S _rel = cos (β _i ) × 100.

If a command is generated in the program module 103 to change the relative area of the _bore 110 of the duct 102 from the current value S _rel1 to a value equal to S _rel2 , then the program module 103 first measures the value of the current angle β ₁ (S _rel1 ) by measuring the voltage applied to the input input / output board 26 from the output of the normalizing amplifier 116, the input of which is connected to the load 115 of the "current loop" of the current sensor 74, which, in turn, monitors the angle of rotation of the shaft 113, calculates the value of the specified angle β ₂ (S _Rel2 ), time T turning pl oskost flaps 108 from position β ₁ to position β ₂ and, depending on the direction of rotation, gives a command to turn on the relay 111 (112) (figure 5) with the simultaneous installation of the program timer for the time T. Shaft 113, which is connected through a system of levers with the axis of rotation of the flapper 108, begins to rotate in the desired direction. After the time T, the relay 111 (112) is _turned off and the software module 103 measures the value of β ₂ (S _Rel2 ). If the value of β ₂ (S _rel2 ) is within the specified limits, then the task of turning the damper is considered complete, if the value of β ₂ (S _rel2 ) is outside the set values, then the program module 103 generates a new command to change the relative area of the passage section 110 of the duct 102 from the current value of S _rel2 to the value of S _rel3 . If after time T the values of S _rel1 and S _rel2 are equal, then the program module 103 generates a 1st category error message, notifies the operator of this and starts the drying emergency stop algorithm, which consists in de-energizing the recirculator motors and issuing commands to close the shutters 8 and 10, by turning on the flashing light 104. The data on the stop time and the reason for stopping the drying process are entered into the archive file created at the beginning of drying. If the command to change the relative area is repeated more than 3 times in a row, then the software module 103 generates a category 3 error message. This type of malfunction may be the result of incorrect input of data on the accuracy of positioning of this air damper or wear of the actuator, while the drying process does not stop.

If the drying algorithm has begun, then the software module 103 starts controlling the recirculator 15 (FIG. 6) in accordance with the recirculation schedule 99 (FIG. 2). The recirculation procedure consists of control points for time t0, t2, t3 ... ti and the modes "start" and "stop" (figure 2). If the point t0 corresponds to a high "start" level according to the recirculator operation rules, this means that the program module 103 must turn on the recirculation, if the reference point t2 corresponds to a low level, then this means that the program module 103 should turn off the recirculation. The task of recirculation is to move the recirculator 15 along the rail between the limit switches 16 and 17, turn on, turn off and reverse the direction of rotation of the fan blades 13. If according to the operating rules of the recirculator it is necessary to turn on the recirculation at point t0 (figure 2), then the program module using normalizing amplifiers 121 and 122 (Fig.6) interrogates the state of the limit switches 16 (left in Fig.7) and 17 (right in Fig.7). If the switch 16 is active, this means that the recirculator is on the left side of the rail and it is necessary to turn on the movement of the rail in the direction of the limit switch 17. If the switch 17 is active, it means that the recirculator is on the right side of the rail and the movement must be turned on along the rail track towards the limit switch 16. If the switches 16 and 17 are not active, then by default it is necessary to turn on the movement of the recirculator towards the limit switch 17. If, after polling, the state limit switches 16 and 17 inactive, then the software module 103 includes a relay 120. To monitor the execution of the motion command, the software module 103, simultaneously with the relay 120, will perform the following actions:

- includes a software timer T ₆₅ (symbol for the acceleration timer of the motion engine) for the time specified in the settings of the software module 103 equal to the acceleration time of the motion drive motor 14;

- includes continuous monitoring of the current consumption of the motor drive movement 14 using the current sensor 65 and the normalizing amplifier 123;

- includes continuous monitoring of the state of the limit switch 17;

- includes a software timer T ₁₄ (symbol of the timer for the movement time between the limit switches 16 and 17).

If, immediately after the motion relay 120 is turned on, the current consumption by the motion drive motor 14 falls below the lower threshold of the range of allowable values specified in the settings, the current consumption by the motion drive motor 14, then program module 103 will begin to perform actions in the first category malfunction. If the limit switch 17 has tripped, which means that the recirculator has reached the end of the rail track, then in this case the program module includes an algorithm for reversing the direction of travel, the description of which is given below. If, after a period of time T ₆₅ , the value of the current consumed by the motion drive motor 14 is outside the range of acceptable values, then the program module 103 will begin to perform actions in the event of a category 1 fault. If the travel time exceeds the value of T ₁₄ × 1.5, this may mean that the limit switch 17 is faulty. In this case, the program module 103 will begin to perform actions corresponding to category 2 faults, in which the state of the limit switch and the position of the recirculator 15 are excluded on the track. In this case, the position of the recirculator on the rail track is determined by the relative time specified by the timer T ₁₄ . If, as a result of the movement, the limit switch 17 tripped, which means that the recirculator has reached the end of the rail track to the right side, then in this case the program module includes an algorithm for reversing the direction of movement. To do this, turn off the motion relay 120 to the right side, turn on the timer T _ost , the value of which is set in the settings. After the time T _OST has elapsed, the motion relay 119 is turned on to the left side, the timer T _{14 is} turned _on and the motion control actions to the left side are performed, as described above when moving to the right side. If the limit switch 16 has tripped as a result of the movement, which means that the recirculator has reached the end of the rail track, then in this case the program module includes an algorithm for reversing the direction of travel and adjusts the timer T ₁₄ according to the results of the operation of the end switches 16 and 17, set in the settings to real. At the control point t2 (figure 2), the algorithm for executing the movement of the recirculator ends and the algorithm for "parking" the recirculator in the middle of the rail track is turned on. To execute it, the program module uses the timer period T ₁₄ and the current movement time from the last trailer. In this case, the “run-down” time of the recirculator motion is also taken into account (the time from the moment the motion relay is turned off to the complete stop of the recirculator motion).

Simultaneously with the execution of the recirculator movement algorithm, the recirculation algorithm is also performed, which consists in turning on the rotation motors 13 using the relay 117 to the left side and the relay 118 to the right side (Fig.6). The consumption current is monitored by current sensors 63 and 64. The time of the unloading of the armature of the motors 13 is controlled by the timer Tez, the time of “run-out” by the timer T _stop . The rotation time left and right is set in the settings of the software module 103. The current control algorithm for the rotation motors 13 is similar to the control algorithm for the current of the motion drive motor 14. If the value of the current consumed by the rotation motors 13 is outside the range of acceptable values, the program module 103 will begin in case of a malfunction of the 1st category.

During the execution of the drying regulations, the program module 103 displays and graphically displays the following data in real time: animation of the recirculator on the rail track, rotation of the recirculator blades, position of the air dampers in the ducts, menu buttons for manual control, graphics preset humidity and current, temperature graph. In tabular form:

For a correct analysis of the operation of the drying chamber, the program module 103 stores the following parameters in the database 107 (FIG. 4) for each drying cycle: the specified regulation of humidity maintenance in the drying chamber 97 (FIG. 2), automatically adjusted regulation of humidity maintenance, regulation 98 of air position damper, recirculator operation schedule 99, name of the drying program, date and time of the beginning of the execution of the drying procedures, the length of the drying cycle set, the date and time of the end of the drying cycle, the total time of the intermediate stays new drying cycle for various reasons, the reason for stopping the drying cycle (as a result of the complete execution of the drying program, manually by the operator, as a result of technical reasons, etc.), the value of humidity and temperature in the drying chamber at the time of stopping the drying cycle, the position of the air dampers at the time of stopping the drying cycle, the name of the created archive file with data, a list of all control actions and commands by the operator, graphs: status of limit switches, real humidity and temperature, turning on and off the relay, values of current consumption by drive motors, the position of the air dampers with a time reference relative to the start of drying, codes and names of errors (malfunctions) with a time reference.

Automation of brick kiln control consists in controlling the temperature regime of the kiln, the aerodynamic regime, the pushing process and the monitoring of the health of the mechanisms.

To ensure automation of the process of firing bricks, you must configure the software module firing 131 (figure 4). To do this, display the program module 131 on the monitor screen using the "О" button, which is located on the ACS software task bar.

To control and control the temperature of the kiln, you must enter data on the following technical parameters of the kiln (Fig.7):

- the number and positional arrangement of thermocouples 36 in the preheating zone 37, thermocouples 38 in the firing zone 39, thermocouples 40 in the cooling zone 41;

- the number and positional position of the groups of gas burners 68;

- installation of software binding of thermocouples to groups of gas burners to ensure control and regulation of temperature in the firing zone.

Thus, control and regulation of the temperature regime of the kiln is provided with the help of thermocouples in the amount of 19 pcs., Groups of gas burners in the amount of 6 pcs. To calculate the temperature for each position, the firing module 131 takes into account the actual position of the thermocouples in the tunnel kiln and the groups of burners in each position. The temperature graph displayed in the window of the program module 131 reflects the scale distribution of temperature along the length of the furnace. Software binding of thermocouples to groups of gas burners is carried out as follows:

- temperature control at the installation site of group No. 1 of gas burners 68 is carried out using thermocouple 38 at number 8;

- temperature control at the installation site of group No. 2 of gas burners 68 is carried out using thermocouple 38 at number 9;

- temperature control at the installation site of group No. 3 of gas burners 68 is carried out using thermocouple 38 at number 10;

- temperature control at the installation site of group 4 of gas burners 68 is carried out using thermocouple 38 at number 11;

- temperature control at the installation site of group No. 5 of gas burners 68 is carried out using thermocouple 38 at number 12;

- temperature control at the installation site of group No. 6 of gas burners 68 is carried out using thermocouple 38 at number 13;

For each thermocouple indicated in figure 8 and controlling thermocouples (figure 1), the temperature in the sub-car space 49 (thermocouple 128), the temperature in the duct of the exhaust fan 35 (thermocouple 34), the temperature of the coolant in the duct duct 7 of the drying chambers (thermocouple 90) must be indicated :

- the name of the junction of thermoelectrodes, while the software module firing 131 automatically selects the appropriate calibration table from the library 133 (figure 4);

- temperature of cold junction thermal compensation;

- the number of the terminal block located on the 22 block of signal converters 20 (figure 1) for the corresponding thermocouple.

To monitor the health (Fig. 1) of the engines of the fan 47 for cooling the subcarriage space 49, fan 44 for the exhaust fan, fan 67 for supplying air to gas burners, fan 48 for high-speed cooling, fan 45 for cooling, counter-heater 46 for supplying heat carrier to the drying chambers using current sensors 72, 69, 66, 69, 70, 129 and 71 to establish the values of the "setting" of the boundary currents of consumption by the indicated motors.

These technical parameters are set at the time of the initial installation of ACS software and at the stage of routine maintenance work on the automated control system.

To control and control the temperature regime of the kiln, it is necessary to introduce the following technological parameters:

- the value of the control temperature setting in the firing zone 39 (Fig.7) for each group of burners 68 using thermocouples 38;

- hysteresis of temperature maintenance for each thermocouple 38;

- the value of the delay time to turn on the gas burner. To start the algorithm for controlling the temperature regime of firing, it is necessary to set the resolution for controlling gas burners using the control panel of the software module of firing 131 (figure 4). If the temperature in the zone controlled by thermocouple 38 at number 8 is equal to or higher than the set temperature, then the firing program module 131 turns off the gas supply to burner 68 at number 1, otherwise if the temperature in the zone is lower than the set temperature by the temperature hysteresis value, then the firing software module 131 includes gas supply to the burner 68 under the number 1. Similarly, the temperature is regulated in the zones controlled by thermocouples 68 under the numbers 9-13. If the process of pushing the trolleys 51 in the kiln begins, the gas supply to all burners 68 and temperature control are stopped until the pushing process is completed. The gas supply is controlled by controlling the gas solenoid valves using separate relays of the relay unit 19.

To control and control the aerodynamic regime of the kiln, it is necessary to enter the data of the following technical parameters of meters and mechanisms of the kiln (Fig. 8):

- parameters of the current output loop of pressure meters 86 (pressure meter in the smoke exhaust zone), 87 (pressure meter in the firing zone), 88 (pressure meter in the hot air extraction zone), 89 (pressure meter in the coolant supply to the drying chambers), 73 ( a pressure meter for supplying cold air to the air line 7) similarly to temperature and humidity meters 11 and 12 (figure 3);

- the parameters of the current loop of the sensors 76, 77, 80, 82, 78, 84 of the shaft position of the actuators 91, 92, 81, 83, 79, 85 of the air dampers similarly to the actuators 8, 10 of hot and humid air (figure 3).

To control and control the aerodynamic regime of the kiln and to stabilize the pressure in the air channel 7, it is necessary to set the task for each air damper to maintain a certain pressure controlled by an appropriate pressure gauge in such a way as to distribute the air flows inside the kiln, as shown in figure 8. the firing zone is set overpressure in the range 0 ... + 2 Pa, and in the zones of preheating and cooling - 5 ... -15 Pa. In channel 7, overpressure is stabilized within + 300 ... + 500 Pa. The aerodynamic control algorithm consists in maintaining the pressure set by the regulation for each air damper shown in Fig. 8. In this case, the combined operation of the air flaps of the kiln stabilizes the aerodynamic regime in the kiln, i.e. the optimum heating and cooling rate of the calcined brick is ensured, aggressive gases from the preheating zone are not allowed to enter the drying chamber channel. Moreover, when regulating the selection of hot air from the furnace for drying chambers, priority is given to maintaining the aerodynamic regime of the furnace, i.e. the furnace gives off hot air exactly as much as possible without violating the optimal aerodynamics of the furnace. If the drying chambers require more coolant, this is achieved by additional extraction of atmospheric air through automatic control of the damper 79.

The control of the air dampers is similar to the actuators 8, 10 of hot and humid air (figure 3).

If loading of the trolleys 43 into the furnace or unloading from the furnace begins, it stops, for the time of loading / unloading, the regulation by the drives of the shutters 91, 92, 81 and 83 due to the depressurization of the furnace due to the opening of the guillotine gate 51.

The pushing of the trolleys 43 through the tunnel of the kiln, the opening and closing of the guillotine gate, the loading and unloading of the trolleys from the furnace is controlled using the existing control unit 134 (Fig. 1). In this case, the firing software module 131 only controls the presence of the trolley in the pre-chamber 52 at the limit switch 58, the post-chamber 53 at the limit switch 59 and sets the firing time (or the period between pulses, where the pulse is the process of pushing the trolleys), monitoring the health of mechanisms and maintaining event logs and thermal conditions for each trolley. To carry out these actions, it is necessary to set the time of the period between pulses in the settings of the software module firing 131. If the impulse is not started, then the software module 131 provides monitoring and control of temperature and aerodynamic conditions. Impulse start conditions are as follows:

- the presence of a trolley in the pre-chamber 52;

- the absence of a trolley in the post-chamber 53;

- the end of a given period of time between pulses.

If the conditions for the start of the pulse are created, then the program module 131 stops controlling the aerodynamic mode, turns off the gas burners and gives a command to the control unit 134 to start the pulse. The end of the pulse is monitored by the pulse sensor 42.

A thermal log is maintained for each trolley passing through the kiln tunnel. If the trailer 58 of the presence of the trolley in the pre-chamber has worked, this means that a new trolley has entered the pre-chamber. The furnace operator using the manipulators enters the number corresponding to the factory. If the number is not entered, then the software module automatically assigns a new trolley a serial number based on the fact that there are only 40 trolleys and all of them move in a circular path (Fig. 9), i.e. transfer 135, transportation to furnace 136, furnace 137, transportation to packaging 138, transportation to transfer 139, excluding maintenance 140. When moving a trolley through a tunnel furnace, the maximum, minimum, and average temperatures are stored in the heat log for each item, the period between pulses with reference to real time. The end of the log of thermal conditions is carried out by the position of the limit switch 59 in the post-chamber.

Processing errors associated with malfunctioning mechanisms is carried out by analogy with the algorithm for drying chambers. The display on the monitor screen of the nature of the malfunction is carried out using the software module 141 error indication.

Using the proposed automated control system for the production line of drying and firing ceramic bricks increases the safety and efficiency of its work, increases and stabilizes the brand of products, almost completely eliminates marriage at the stage of drying and firing. Efficiency of work is achieved due to the high quality of parameter control, flexibility of settings during the preparation of technological procedures for drying and firing, and reliable protection against emergency situations. New algorithms for controlling burners, furnace aerodynamics and coolant recirculation increase the service life of steel elements of the furnace structure exposed to high temperatures by eliminating their overheating, increasing the service life of the elements of the drying chamber and products due to the exclusion of hot gases from the preheating zone into the drying chambers and their interaction with a humid environment. The influence of the human factor is minimized.

Claims (2)

1. An automated control system for the process of drying and firing ceramic bricks, including a working channel, conditionally divided into zones for sequentially carried out drying, firing and cooling operations, brick supply trolleys installed in the respective channels of the damper, and temperature meters, flue gas extraction fans, coolant from the cooling zone of the kiln, coolant from the drying zone and fan for supplying atmospheric air to the cooling zone of the kiln, heating system, veins a drying system with a drying zone recirculator and an automatic control system containing appropriate sensors, computer information from them with input / output and display devices connected to it and computer-controlled actuators, characterized in that it is equipped with control and control cabinets via an information cable with a computer, a block of signal converters and a relay block, the latter being made with the possibility of controlling the motors ln mechanisms of the flow line, and the block of signal converters is configured to convert the input signals of various types of transmitters into a normalized voltage. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the computer is equipped with application software for collecting, archiving the current technological parameters for objective data analysis and programming optimal control algorithms for drying and firing bricks, indicating pre-emergency and emergency states of mechanisms and devices controlled and monitored system, and providing the ability to automatically switch to backup process control programs in the event of failure of certain devices, included x as part of the system, and contains a system coordination module, an interaction module with an I / O board connected to it, drying chamber control modules, a kiln control module, a drying and programming program module, an error display module, a viewing and printing module archive data, utility program module, shared resource for data exchange between control modules and the module of interaction with the input / output board and a database entered into it for storing brick drying programs cha, a database for storing events and data, and a library of calibration tables for thermocouples.