RU90355U1 - ROTARY CRUSHER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A rotary crusher, including a vertical round grinding mill in a cross section, in which a rotary chopper is mounted on a shaft coaxial to it, as well as a rotary knife shaft drive, a loading device, a classifier and an unloading cavity, characterized in that there are two additional mounted on the shaft rotary blades, an adjustment membrane is placed in the grinding chamber, and slotted holes are radially made on the side surface of the chamber, the classifier is made in the form of a partition, which is installed with at the bottom of the first additional rotor knife and the outer edge is tightly connected to the side wall of the grinding chamber, while a calibration hole is made in the partition connecting the grinding chamber with the discharge cavity, and a second additional rotary knife is installed under the partition. ! 2. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor knives are mounted coaxially and have a diamond shape, while the edges of the knife blades are sharpened on both sides with an angle of attack of 45 °. ! 3. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting membrane is made in the form of a removable ring and is installed between the chopper knife and the first additional rotary knife. ! 4. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration hole of the partition is oval and eccentric to the axis of the shaft. ! 5. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the discharge cavity mounted exhaust fan blades.

Description

The inventive utility model relates to equipment for grinding materials and can be used for grinding paper, cardboard and multilayer paper bags contaminated with residues of raw materials in bulk state, in the chemical industry, building materials industry and other industries.

The closest to the claimed utility model in terms of technical nature and the technical result achieved using the utility model is a chopper, including a vertical round grinding mill in which a rotary knife is mounted on a coaxial shaft, as well as a rotary knife shaft drive, an unloading cavity and a classifier (see, RF patent No. 2232050, IPC В02С 18/08, published July 10, 2004).

The main disadvantage of the known shredder is the periodic nature of its operation, in which the grinding phase and the unloading phase of the receiving cavity alternate, during which the chopper must be stopped, which leads to a decrease in its productivity and additional labor costs.

The objective of the claimed model is the creation of an effective crusher with low dust emission, simplified design and easy to use.

The technical result of the rotor crusher is a vortex classification of the crushed material, in which, during the grinding process, particles having a larger mass (fragments of paper bags), under the influence of centrifugal force, are displaced to the outer wall of the grinding chamber, where they are destroyed by rotor knives, and the resulting conditioned particles are directed to discharge cavity.

The task underlying the present utility model, with the achievement of the claimed technical result, is solved by the fact that in a rotary crusher, including a vertical circular grinding mill in a cross section, in which a rotary chopper knife is mounted on a coaxial shaft, as well as a rotary knife shaft drive , loading device, classifier and unloading cavity, additionally on the shaft

two rotor knives are installed, an adjusting membrane is placed in the grinding chamber, and slotted holes are radially made on the side surface of the chamber, the classifier is made in the form of a partition, which is installed at the bottom of the first additional rotary knife and is tightly connected to the side wall of the grinding chamber, while in the partition a calibration hole was made connecting the grinding chamber with the discharge cavity, and a second additional rotary knife was installed under the partition.

In addition, the rotor blades are mounted coaxially and have a diamond shape, while the edges of the blade blades are sharpened on both sides with an angle of attack of 45 °.

In addition, the adjusting membrane is made in the form of a removable ring and is installed between the chopper knife and the first additional rotary knife.

In addition, the calibration hole of the partition has an oval shape and is eccentric to the axis of the shaft.

In addition, the exhaust fan blades are installed in the lower part of the discharge cavity.

Preferred embodiments of the proposed utility model are described below based on the presented drawings, where:

- figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a rotary crusher;

- figure 2 is the same top view;

- figure 3 shows a diagram of the movement of air flows in the crusher.

The drawings show:

1. housing;

2. shaft;

3. rotary chopper knife;

4. the first additional rotary knife;

5. The second additional rotary knife;

6. adjusting membrane;

7. partition (classifier);

8. calibration hole;

9. unloading cavity;

10. slotted openings for suction of polluted air;

11. exhaust fan blades;

12. a casing for suction of polluted air;

13. outlet for polluted air;

14. a rotor drive pulley;

15. bearing assembly;

16. V-belt transmission;

17. drive;

18. the bottom of the crusher;

19. receiving funnel (loading device).

Figure 1 shows one of the possible designs of a rotary crusher, which includes a vertical cylindrical body 1, in the grinding chamber of which on the shaft 2 with the help of a hub there is a rotary chopper knife 3 and two additional rotary knives 4 and 5, moreover all knives are mounted coaxially and have a diamond shape, and the edges of the knife blades are sharpened on both sides with an angle of attack of 45 °. In the grinding chamber there is an adjustment membrane 6 made in the form of a removable ring and installed between the chopper knife 3 and the first additional rotary knife 4. At the bottom of the grinding chamber between the first and second additional rotor knives 4 and 5 there is a partition (classifier) 7, which tightly connected by the outer edge to the side wall of the grinding chamber and in which a calibration hole 8 is made connecting the grinding chamber with the discharge cavity 9, while the calibration Verstov 8 has an oval shape and is disposed eccentrically to the shaft axis. On the lateral surface of the grinding chamber, slotted holes 10 are radially made, and in the lower part of the discharge cavity 9, blades 11 of the exhaust fan are installed.

The adjusting membrane 6 is a removable ring having the same outer diameter of 800 mm and a different inner diameter from 550 mm to 700 mm. Depending on the physical characteristics of the raw materials used, rings of different sizes are installed, the greater the tensile force, the smaller the inner diameter of the membrane being installed, and vice versa. This is due to the fact that thicker and stronger paper requires a longer amount of time in the crushing zone to achieve fractions of the desired size.

The blade fan, built into the bottom of the discharge cavity, serves for several purposes, namely, it creates traction by sucking air from the crusher and with it pieces of paper into the calibration hole, thereby facilitating the passage of raw materials through the working area of the second additional rotary knife, and further into outlet with airflow.

Rotary crusher operates as follows.

Raw material in the form of paper bags, large pieces of paper, cardboard, (sizes up to 80 cm wide) is fed into the feed hopper 19 of the crusher. Getting into the grinding chamber on a knife-grinder, the material to be crushed is subjected to primary crushing (tearing of paper). Next, pieces of paper under the action of a retracting air flow, centrifugal forces of rotation and under their own weight move along the wall of the grinding chamber in a spiral down to the first additional rotary knife. An adjustment membrane 6 is installed along this wall along the wall, which serves to hold the paper on one side, so that the travel time from the chopper knife 3 to the first additional rotary knife 4 increases, thereby longer the impact of the chopper knife 3 on the raw materials and better separation contamination, then, as it accumulates, in the area between the chopper knife 3 and the adjusting membrane 6, an excess of raw material falls on the first additional rotary knife 4, resulting in even finer crushing of the already prepared Assy and crushing by 10-22 cm. Next, the paper passes into the area between the first additional rotary knife 4 and the partition 7, where, under the action of the retracting force of the air, it tends to get into the calibration hole 8 in the partition 7, which has a size of 11 × 22 cm, into which only pieces no larger than 11-22 cm that fall onto the second additional rotary knife 5 (cutting knife), which crushes (tears) into a final fraction of 5-8 cm and which is located in close proximity to the calibration hole 8 at a distance of 1 cm, which guarantees impact the knife on the raw material passing through the calibration hole, and provides the deployment of corners and folds of raw materials. This size of the calibration hole is due to the following factors:

- the dimensions provide an easy passage of raw materials with a fraction of 11-22 cm, which does not allow raw materials to be crushed into very small fractions up to the state of cotton wool;

- the resulting size of the fraction entering the working cavity falls under the influence of the second additional rotary knife 5, which turns the glued corners of the bags, breaks it into a fraction of 5-8 cm, while separating paper layers if the raw materials are multilayer.

Then, passing in the inner cavity with the fan, the paper is thrown out under the influence of air flow and centrifugal forces into the outlet of the discharge cavity 9, and then through a horizontal separator, in which the paper is subjected to additional cleaning and conveyed to a press (not shown in the drawings). A horizontal separator is optionally installed to provide even higher quality paper cleaning.

When raw materials get under the influence of the impact forces of knives in the crusher, multiple shaking of the residual materials from the surface of the paper and between the paper folds occurs. A dusty air suspension of contaminated air is formed, which is sucked out (with the help of a dust collector in the drawings not shown) through slotted holes located around the circumference of the grinding chamber, while the separation of residual raw materials in the state of dusty suspension from paper is carried out.

The bulk of the residual raw materials (99.5%) is separated from the paper in the area between the chopper knife and the baffle with a calibration hole, almost clean paper is thrown out of the discharge cavity.

The crusher can easily be implemented in small businesses using standard equipment and using well-known technologies and materials. The prototype crusher was tested, the results of which established the preferred layout with the following parameters:

- productivity (kg / h) 1000;

- shaft rotation frequency (rpm) 3000;

- electric motor power (kW) 18;

- height (mm) 1700;

- width (mm) 800;

- weight (kg) 400.

When working with the crusher, it is necessary to additionally use dust-collecting equipment with a capacity of at least 5000 cubic / m3 / hour, which will remove polluted air from the crusher casing.

Claims (5)

1. A rotary crusher, including a vertical round grinding mill in a cross section, in which a rotary chopper is mounted on a shaft coaxial to it, as well as a rotary knife shaft drive, a loading device, a classifier and an unloading cavity, characterized in that there are two additional mounted on the shaft rotary blades, an adjustment membrane is placed in the grinding chamber, and slotted holes are radially made on the side surface of the chamber, the classifier is made in the form of a partition, which is installed with at the bottom of the first additional rotor knife and the outer edge is tightly connected to the side wall of the grinding chamber, while a calibration hole is made in the partition connecting the grinding chamber with the discharge cavity, and a second additional rotary knife is installed under the partition. 2. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor knives are mounted coaxially and have a diamond shape, while the edges of the knife blades are sharpened on both sides with an angle of attack of 45 °. 3. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting membrane is made in the form of a removable ring and is installed between the chopper knife and the first additional rotary knife. 4. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration hole of the partition is oval and eccentric to the axis of the shaft. 5. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the discharge cavity mounted exhaust fan blades.