RU89756U1 - MACHINE FOR CUTTING ELECTRIC CABLES (ITS OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A machine for cutting electric cables, comprising a bed, a three-jaw self-centering chuck with three cams and a central hole coaxial with the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering chuck, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, the three-jaw self-centering chuck mounted on the bed, on each cam, one drive is fixed by means of one fastening, each drive is connected via a corresponding shaft to a corresponding disk knife, while the disk knife is mounted ene so that when moving the respective cam it crosses the imaginary continuation of the central opening, the circular knives are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the central bore at an equal angular distance relative to each other. ! 2. A machine for cutting electric cables, comprising a bed, a three-jaw self-centering chuck with three cams and with a central hole coaxial to the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering chuck, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, the three-jaw self-centering chuck mounted on the bed, on each cam, one drive is fixed by means of one fastening, each drive is connected via a corresponding shaft to a corresponding disk knife, while the disk knife is mounted ene so that when moving the respective cam it crosses the imaginary continuation of the central opening and the axis of the central opening is located in the plane of the circular knife and the circular knives are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the central opening equal to

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to means for separating insulation from electric wires and cables by cutting and opening their sheaths for the subsequent extraction of pure copper, aluminum and other metals. The solution can be used to create, for example, devices for extracting from waste, defective or outdated cable products of any type of its metal components - scrap metal, with a view to its subsequent disposal as useful secondary raw materials.

State of the art

A device is known - cable cutting machine MKP 03 manufactured by IRISMASH LLC, Voronezh (http://www.nppiris.vrn.ru/ru/reference.html). designed for cutting waste armored, oil-filled with a lead or aluminum screen, oil immersion cable type KPBP. The machine, equipped with three circular knives located around a circle of 120 ° and driven by gear motors, cuts the cable lengthwise into three equal parts. Armor, isolation, or shield diverge in the form of a “flower,” leaving the central veins free. The minimum size of the cable segments is 1-1.2 m. It is possible to continuously cut the cable from the drum.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the need for a separate adjustment of the position of each knife, as well as a constant feed rate of the workpiece into the cutting zone, regardless of the diameter of the cable.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is both to provide automatic simultaneous adjustment (centering) of the position of the knives of the device, and to provide adjustment in a wide range of cable feed speed for cutting.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the machine for cutting electric cables containing the bed, a three-jaw self-centering cartridge with three cams and with a central hole coaxial to the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering cartridge, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, and a three-jaw self-centering chuck is mounted on the bed, each cam is secured by one fastener, one drive each, each drive is connected via a corresponding shaft to a corresponding m rotary knife, the circular knife is mounted so that when moving the respective cam it crosses the imaginary continuation of the central opening, the circular knives are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the central bore at an equal angular distance relative to each other; according to the second embodiment, in a machine for cutting electric cables containing a bed, a three-jaw self-centering chuck with three cams and with a central hole coaxial to the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering chuck, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, and the three-jaw self-centering chuck is mounted on bed, on each cam is fixed by means of one fastening, one drive, each drive is connected through a corresponding shaft with a corresponding disk knife, while the suit knife is set so that when the corresponding cam moves, it intersects the imaginary continuation of the central hole and the axis of the central hole is located in the plane of the disk knife, and the disk knives are symmetrical about the axis of the central hole with equal angular distance to each other; according to the third embodiment, in a machine for cutting electric cables containing a bed, a three-jaw self-centering chuck with three cams and with a central hole coaxial to the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering chuck, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, and the three-jaw self-centering chuck is mounted on bed, on each cam is fixed by means of one fastening one drive, each drive is connected via a corresponding shaft with a corresponding disk knife, while the disk knife is installed in such a way that when the corresponding cam moves, it intersects the imaginary continuation of the central hole, the line drawn through the center of the disk knife, its outer edge and the axis of the central hole are perpendicular to the axis of the central hole, and the disk knives are located at an angle to the axis of rotation and are symmetrical with respect to axis of the Central hole with equal angular distance relative to each other.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where Figs. 1-3 show a structural layout of a device, a general view and a device of a three-jaw self-centering cartridge. Figure 1 shows the structural layout of the device, figure 2 shows a General view of a three-jaw self-centering cartridge, figure 3 shows the internal structure of a three-jaw self-centering cartridge, explaining the principle of its operation.

The figures show: a three-jaw self-centering cartridge 1, circular knife 2, shaft 3, gearbox 4, motor 5, mount 6, cam 7, bed 8, support 9, passage bore 10, housing 11, front side 12, side surface 13, groove 14, inner cavity 15, protrusion 16, spiral groove 17, bevel gear 18, bevel gear 19.

Utility Model Disclosure

The main structural element of the device, which provides automatic simultaneous alignment of the position of the disk knives 2 of the device, is a three-jaw self-centering cartridge 1 mounted on the bed 8 (according to its definition, given on the websites: http://tehno-line.ru/files/theory/Turning/1 -3-2.htm and http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00057/88000.htm?text=%D1%82%D1%D0%D0%B5%D1%85%D0% BA% D1% 83% D0% BB% D0% B0% D1% 87% D0% BA% D0% BE% D0% B2% D1% 8B% D0% B9% 20% D0% BF% D0% B0% D1% 82% D1% 80% D0% BE% D0% BD% 20% D1% 82% D0% BE% D0% BA% D0% B0% D1% 80% D0% BD% D0% BE% D0% B3% D0% BE% 20% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B0% D0% BD% D0% BA% D0% B0 & stpar1 = 1.1.1), on the cams 7 of which, using fasteners 6, other device elements are fixed a, driving the disk knives 2 and thereby ensuring the direct implementation of the main target function of the device is the cutting of cable products. In this case, each cam 7 can be made (made) in the form of a single part with a mount 6, designed to mount the gearbox 4.

The three-jaw self-centering cartridge 1 (hereinafter referred to as the cartridge) is intended for the corresponding exposure of the disk knives 2 (mechanically connected, ultimately, with the cams 7 of the cartridge 1) for cutting a cable (electric wire) of a certain diameter with their simultaneous automatic alignment relative to the cable axis . The cartridge 1 is, for example, a turning self-centering three-jaw chuck, belonging to the class of spiral-racked self-centering three-jaw chucks with a cylindrical girdle and secured to the lathe through an intermediate flange. The self-centering three-jaw chuck has a through central hole for processing blanks from long rods passed through it.

The housing 11 (cartridge 1) is a cylindrical part with a central hole made through and an internal cavity 15 made in the form of an annular recess (groove) of rectangular cross section and coaxial with the central hole (which is part of the device’s bore hole 10, while the axis the passage hole 10 coincides with the axis of rotation of the cartridge 1 (housing 11)). The inner cavity 15 is designed to accommodate a bevel gear 18. On one end face of the housing 11 - the front side 12, there are three through radially extending from the Central hole to the side surface 13 of the housing 11 of the groove 14, in which the cams 7. The angular distance between the grooves 14 is 120 °. On the other (with respect to the front side 12) of the end side of the housing 11, an annular recess is made. The annular recess is closed by an intermediate flange designed to secure the cartridge 1, including on the frame 8 of the claimed device. A bevel gear 18 is located in the inner cavity 15 (annular recess) of the housing 11 (the axis of rotation of the bevel gear 18 coincides with the axis of rotation of the housing 11), on the reverse side of the bevel gear 18 (with respect to its teeth) there is a spiral groove 17 having the shape of an Archimedean spiral .

Cam 7 is a structural element of cartridge 1 and can be of two types: straight cam and reverse cam. The cams 7 are mounted in grooves 14 extending radially along the front side 12 of the housing 11, so that the outer part is located on the outside of the cartridge 1, and their inner part is located inside the housing 11 (in the internal cavity 15). On the inside of each cam 7, several projections 16 are made, which are engaged with the spiral groove 17 on the back of the bevel gear 18. The bevel gear 18 is in gear engagement with three bevel gears 19, also mounted so that the axis of each of them is located radially inside the housing 11 (in the inner cavity 15) with an angular distance between them of 120 ° and having turnkey exits on the side surface 13 of the housing 11.

Circular knife 2 is a cutting tool in the form of a round flat plate with a sharpened external edge - a blade that provides cutting of the cable sheath. Disk knives 2 are installed with equal angular distance relative to each other and are mounted on shafts 3, which are driven shafts of gearboxes 4.

The shaft 3 is the driven shaft of the gearbox 4 and is a metal rod of cylindrical shape, designed to transmit rotational motion from the gearbox 4 to the mounted and fixed disk knife 2.

The gearbox 4 is a transmission mechanism — an element of the device designed to transfer the mechanical energy of the motor 5 to the working body — the disk knife 2, and which serves to reduce the angular velocity of the driven shaft to a predetermined value in order to increase the torque to the required value, based on the operational requirements of the device . The gearbox 4 can be performed, for example, using a gear or worm gear.

Motor 5 is a structural element of the device, which is a source of mechanical energy, leading to rotational movement of the disk knife 2 of the device. As motors 5 in the device, for example, electric motors that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, torque can be used to bring, ultimately, into the rotational movement of the disk blades 2 of the device, or hydraulic motors that convert the energy of a fluid flow into mechanical energy, torque, while having high power and high efficiency.

Mechanically interconnected and joined by shafts - the shaft of the motor 5 and the drive shaft of the gearbox 4, respectively, the motor 5 and gearbox 4, which are part of the device, form the drive of the device - an electric drive, if an electric motor is used as a motor 5, or a hydraulic drive, if as 5 motor used hydraulic motor. As part of the electric drive, for example, an inverter is used - a vector frequency converter that allows you to change the speed of rotation of the motor 5, thereby ensuring a change in the cable feed speed for cutting in accordance with technological requirements. The connection of the motors 5 is made in such a way that stopping one of them leads to the automatic shutdown of the remaining motors 5, i.e. to stop the operation of the device.

The mount 6 is a device (part) designed for installation on the cam 7 and fasteners to it using a screw (bolt) connection mounted on its other end of the assembly consisting of: motor 5, gearbox 4, shaft 3 and circular knife 2. Mounting 6 can be performed, for example, in the form of a milled spatial steel structure with holes, incl. and threaded, for mounting the above assembly on it and then securing it to the cam 7. In this case, the fastening 6 provides such a spatial orientation of the plane of the circular knife 2, in which for any movement of the cam 7 the axis of the passage 10 (i.e., the axis of the cable being cut) constantly located in the plane of the circular knife 2.

The bed 8 is the main power structural element of the device, in the lower part connected to the support 9, and in the upper one containing a landing pad made, for example, in the form of a flange with a central hole in the form of an input support sleeve through which the cable is fed into the device. A cartridge 1 is attached to the other side of the flange. The bed 8 can be made, for example, in the form of a tubular or box-welded construction made of low carbon steel, possibly with partitions, ribs and windows to give it the necessary strength, rigidity and vibration resistance.

The support 9 is the base of the device, designed to transfer the weight of the device to a distributed floor surface and to sustain the device in an upright position during its operation. The support 9 can be made, for example, in the form of a sufficiently thick metal plate of round, rectangular or some other shape connected to the bed 8, as well as in the form of a welded structure of low carbon steel having several, at least three, support legs.

The passage hole 10 in the claimed device is intended for supplying a cable through it to the rotating disk knives 2 and is formed, respectively, coaxial with the central through hole of the cartridge case (central hole) and the hole of the bed flange. In the hole of the flange of the bed, for example, with the help of an intermediate centering ring, guide bushings of various diameters can be installed, the inner diameter of the guide bush being installed being selected depending on the diameter of the cable being cut. The guide sleeve is a pipe segment (length from the hole of the bed flange to the point of contact of the cable to be cut with disk knives 2) with a flange at one end and three longitudinal slots (about 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the length of the pipe segment) on the second, having a width sufficient for the passage of the disk knife 2, and located with an angular distance between them of 120 °. The guide sleeve can be installed in the intermediate centering ring only in three strictly defined positions, provided, for example, by aligning the protrusions on the intermediate centering ring with the corresponding recesses on the flange of the guide sleeve.

To ensure the safe operation of the equipment, the device may provide protection against pulling the hands of the working in the rotation zone of the circular knives 2, which is, for example, a metal ring (through which the cable being cut) is passed, mounted on the pivot arm on the frame 8 in front of the guide sleeve in such a way that with a slight movement of the ring in the direction of cable feed, the lever rotates, causing the power supply circuit of the motors 5 to open through the limit switch, and, accordingly, the blade knives 2 stop. To carry out a change of the guide sleeve, the ring on the lever is also pushed to the side, while the limit switch also blocks the possibility of accidentally or deliberately turning on the motors 5.

The device can also be manufactured with an additional protective door at the exit (i.e., after disk knives 2), with its own limit switch installed on it, which allows the device to operate in the reverse direction of the feed of the cable being cut, which is carried out by electric reversal of the motors 5 with inverter.

Utility Model Implementation

The utility model is implemented as follows.

At the initial stage, the disc knives 2 are set to a predetermined (required) cutting depth of the sheathed cable sheath. This operation is provided by the radial movement of the cams 7 in the cartridge 1 by a corresponding rotation of the key in one direction or another. When you turn one of the three bevel gears 19 with a key, the bevel gear 18 (due to the gearing) also rotates and, by means of the spiral groove 17, simultaneously and uniformly moves all three cams 7 along the grooves 14 on the front side 12 of the housing 11 of the cartridge 1. Depending on the direction of rotation of the bevel gear 18, the cams 7 either approach the center (axis) of the cartridge 1, or move away from the center, thereby bringing the device’s finally connected blade knives 2 to the center of the cable or away from st. When this happens, the automatic alignment of the disk knives 2 relative to the axis of the bore hole 10, i.e. axis of the cable being cut.

Next, the rotary knives 2 are brought into rotation by motors 5 and one end of the cable is manually inserted into the support sleeve and fed through the passage hole 10 to the rotating disk knives 2. Self-locking by the rotating disk knives 2 of the cable fed through the passage hole 10 and its sheath is uniform cut into three equal strips, which greatly facilitates the subsequent disassembly of the cable into its components.

Thus, this device can be a conceptual basis when creating machines and machines for cutting and opening the sheath of electric wires and cables, ensuring their quick and easy change-over, which is especially relevant in the conditions of a wide range of utilized cable products.

Claims (3)

1. A machine for cutting electric cables, comprising a bed, a three-jaw self-centering chuck with three cams and a central hole coaxial with the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering chuck, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, the three-jaw self-centering chuck mounted on the bed, on each cam, one drive is fixed by means of one fastening, each drive is connected via a corresponding shaft to a corresponding disk knife, while the disk knife is mounted ene so that when moving the respective cam it crosses the imaginary continuation of the central opening, the circular knives are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the central bore at an equal angular distance relative to each other. 2. A machine for cutting electric cables, comprising a bed, a three-jaw self-centering chuck with three cams and with a central hole coaxial to the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering chuck, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, the three-jaw self-centering chuck mounted on the bed, on each cam, one drive is fixed by means of one fastening, each drive is connected via a corresponding shaft to a corresponding disk knife, while the disk knife is mounted ene so that when moving the respective cam it crosses the imaginary continuation of the central opening and the axis of the central opening is located in the plane of the circular knife and the circular knives are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the central bore at an equal angular distance relative to each other. 3. A machine for cutting electric cables, comprising a bed, a three-jaw self-centering chuck with three cams and a central hole coaxial to the axis of rotation of the three-jaw self-centering chuck, three drives, three mounts, three circular knives, three shafts, the three-jaw self-centering chuck mounted on the bed, on each cam, one drive is fixed by means of one fastening, each drive is connected via a corresponding shaft to a corresponding disk knife, while the disk knife is mounted It is such that, when the corresponding cam moves, it intersects the imaginary continuation of the central hole, the line drawn through the center of the circular knife, its outer edge and the axis of the central hole are perpendicular to the axis of the central hole, and the circular knives are located at an angle to the axis of rotation and symmetrically with respect to the axis central hole with equal angular distance relative to each other.