RU86231U1 - MARINE CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT OIL, semi-submersible floating drilling platforms, marine mining RACK pumping oil, offshore ice-resistant floating platforms for enhanced oil, ice-resistant floating reservoirs for the collection and storage of oil, ANCHOR FOR FLOATING STRUCTURES AT SEA - Google Patents

Abstract

Offshore autonomous complex for oil production, semi-submersible floating drilling platform, offshore production rack for pumping oil, offshore ice-resistant floating platform for oil production, ice-resistant floating tank for collecting and storing oil, anchor for floating structures in the sea are related to the development of underwater liquid and gaseous deposits, to the construction of technological complexes with a wide range of external conditions and soil characteristics of the seabed. To increase reliability and expand technological capabilities during well drilling and year-round operation of a well cluster on the offshore shelf, including in ice conditions at great depths without the use of divers and robotic manipulators, it is proposed: - an offshore autonomous complex for oil production, comprising: a surface production facility for a wellbore equipped with positioning equipment, product pipelines for connection with production wells and a production surface object, - interconnected with fountain fittings of at least one subsea well, a monifold for pumped oil, fountain fittings for a subsea well, drilling equipment, bu a drill string made from drilling equipment in which, according to a utility model, the surface mining object is made in the form of an offshore production floating platform connected to the floating reservoir, the monifold is made in the form of an offshore production stand for connecting product pipelines to an offshore production floating platform equipped with water cavity for injection into wells, fountain fittings are mounted on a large cylinder screwed into the seabed with a thread on the outer surface with a guide retainer m, with exhaust valves and contains a low-pressure cavity with flaps for connecting the product and water pipelines and a shutter concreted prior to disconnecting the drill string, drilling equipment is installed on a semi-submersible floating drilling platform of increased stability, the drill string is made with a rigid frame, can be rotated and equipped with a means for connecting with fountain fittings and adjustment engines with propellers, and means for positioning a surface object and other electric cops complex systems are formed as vintoprisosnyh anchors. - Semi-submersible floating drilling platform with mounting and drilling equipment, equipped with main pontoons with racks, in which, according to the invention, it (the platform) is made of two-deck, while the lower deck has a height-adjustable mounting deck, the main pontoons are made telescopic, in addition, the platform is equipped with auxiliary pontoons with racks, an active-passive horizontal stabilization system and an anchor system. - An offshore production rack for pumping oil, interconnected by a product pipeline with flowing fittings of at least one subsea well and a surface production object with energy carriers, comprising a housing mounted on the base with the possibility of fixing on the seabed, in which, according to a utility model, the housing is made of sections with a cavity for oil with submersible pumps and nozzles for product pipelines and a cavity for water, equipped with an inlet pipe and nozzles for water associated with fountain fittings kvazhin. - Offshore ice-resistant floating platform for oil production, interconnected with a wellbore, containing a cylindrical body with technological equipment for oil production, a residential unit and a control station, equipped with an ice-breaking device and an anchor system, in which, according to a utility model, the body is made heated, and at the bottom of the perimeter of the base there is an ice-breaking device in the form of inclined heated icebreakers, in addition, the platform is equipped with pontoons mounted on telescopic racks x and anchoring system made in the form vintoprisosnyh anchors. - An ice-resistant floating reservoir for collecting and storing oil, comprising a housing, a product pipeline for communication with an oil producing object, an ice breaking device, means for attaching the tank to the soil, in which, according to a utility model, the housing is made heated and the ice breaking is located at the bottom a device in the form of inclined heated icebreakers, and the means for attaching the tank to the ground is made in the form of a screw-anchor system with means for holding the tank, while the reserve ap tensioning mechanism is provided means for retaining the reservoir designed as a screw drive, which moves the slide, coupled to the means for holding the tank. An anchor for floating structures in the sea, mainly floating platforms for oil and / or gas production, comprising a housing configured to be deepened into the seabed, and means for holding floating platforms in which, according to a utility model, teeth are made on the end surface of the housing and in the case there is a hole in which a cylinder with a thread is installed on the outer surface for screwing into the seabed and exhaust valves.

Description

The utility model relates to the development of underwater liquid and gaseous deposits, to the construction of technological complexes with a wide range of external conditions and characteristics of the seabed soils.

As a prototype for an offshore autonomous complex for offshore oil production, an offshore autonomous complex for offshore oil production was selected, containing a surface production facility (surface vessel) for a well cluster equipped with positioning equipment, a bottom installation on the seabed for at least two oil producers wells, product pipelines for connecting to producing wells, the vessel is equipped with drilling equipment for wells on the seabed with technological equipment for processing oil or gas, and the bottom installation includes a base plate for drilling, having a base located on the seabed, and a monifold for pumped oil and made with at least two positions or sections of the wellhead adapted to install fountain fittings on the seabed, the column is made passing from the drilling equipment on board the vessel to a blowout preventer installed with an operating module on the bottom installation, and the product pipeline is adapted to connect at least at least one of the production wells at the bottom installation, to the technological equipment on the vessel (see p. No. 2191888 of 11/21/97., publ. 10.27.02.).

This complex has the following disadvantages. Its use is possible only at a shallow depth, because very expensive and cumbersome equipment of the bottom installation and the operating module require the work of divers. The ship is very sensitive to sea waves. The system is not sealed when turning the ship. The bottom installation with a manifold is limited in size, therefore, it can provide oil production only from wells located in close proximity to each other.

As a prototype for a semi-submersible floating drilling platform (PPBU), the well-known “Shelf” type PPBU containing a semi-submersible drilling platform with mounting and drilling equipment, equipped with main pontoons with racks (see No. 2111268 of 03.03.97., Publ. 27.08. .98.).

To increase the platform's stability to storms, their draft and, accordingly, the center of gravity are reduced. For this purpose, a certain amount of water is poured into the pontoons.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that the platform continues to rely on semi-filled pontoons. At the same time, the length of the lever, which is affected by external force (wind, waves), has not changed, but only part of it has gone under water. Therefore, the stability of the platform increased slightly.

Drilling is carried out in an open way. The main difficulty with such drilling is changing the drilling tool. Re-lowering the drill pipe string into the well (for example, after replacing the drill) is a technically difficult and expensive procedure. Inevitable oil emissions into the aquatic environment.

As a prototype for an offshore production stand, a monifold is used to connect an underwater well for offshore oil or gas production of SS with a surface production facility with energy carriers installed in a bottom installation of a complex for offshore oil or gas production, containing a housing mounted on the base with the possibility of fixing on bottom, (see paragraph No. 2191888 of 11/21/97., publ. 10/27/02.).

The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that the bottom installation with a manifold is limited in size, therefore, it can provide oil production only from wells located in close proximity to each other. Therefore, the technological capabilities of such a manifold design are limited.

As a prototype for an offshore ice-resistant floating platform, an offshore ice-resistant floating platform for oil and gas production, interconnected with a wellbore and containing a cylindrical body with technological equipment for oil or gas production, a residential unit and a control post, equipped with an ice-breaking device and an anchor system (see PM 67542 dated 06/01/07, published on 10/27/07.)

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the design.

As a prototype for an ice-resistant floating tank for collecting and storing oil, we took a floating tank for collecting and storing oil, containing a body made unloaded from external hydrostatic pressure, with a sealed equalization tank with a seawater filling valve and constant and variable tanks installed in the center of the body buoyancy, a product pipeline for communication with an oil producing object, means for attaching a reservoir to the soil, including at least one flexible element, and a mechanism for its tension, made in the form of a spring with a calculated actuating force, connected to a seawater filling valve (see No. 2021959 of 04.29.91., publ. 30.10.94)

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the calculation of the spring and the lack of reliability of the design of the mechanism of tensioning the means for attaching the tank to the ground, and the risk of failure of the tank during waves and storms. In addition, its technological capabilities are limited, due to the impossibility of its year-round operation, because the reservoir is underwater until the water is free of ice.

As a prototype of an anchor for floating structures in the sea, mainly floating platforms for oil and / or gas extraction, an anchor is selected that contains a hollow body made polygonal with concave side surfaces with the possibility of deepening into the seabed by suction and means for holding the platform connected to the body. The technological capabilities of this design of the anchor are limited, due to the fact that the traction effort is insignificant and its use is possible at shallow depths.

The technical task of this utility model is to increase reliability and expand technological capabilities during well drilling and year-round operation of a well cluster on the offshore shelf, including in ice conditions at great depths without the use of divers and robotic manipulators.

The problem is solved by a group of utility models presented below, united by a single inventive concept.

An autonomous offshore oil production complex, comprising: a surface production facility for a wellbore equipped with positioning means, product pipelines for connecting to production wells and a production surface object, interconnected with fountain fittings of at least one subsea well, a monifold for pumped out oil, gushing for a subsea well, drilling equipment, a drill string made from drilling equipment, in which, according to a utility model, production the bottom object is made in the form of an offshore production floating platform connected to a floating reservoir, a monifold, in the form of an offshore production stand for connecting product pipelines to an offshore production floating platform equipped with a water cavity for injection into wells, fountain fittings are mounted on a screw screwed into the seabed a large-sized cylinder with a thread on the outer surface with a guide lock, exhaust valves and contains a low-pressure cavity with flaps for connecting the grocery and water pipelines and a shutter concreted prior to disconnecting the drill string, drilling equipment is installed on a semi-submersible floating drilling platform of increased stability, the drill string is made with a rigid frame, can be rotated and equipped with means for connecting with fountain fittings and adjustment motors with propellers, and means for positioning the surface object and other elements of the complex are made in the form of screw-anchor systems.

Offshore production floating platform can be made ice-resistant.

The floating tank can also be made ice-resistant.

The semi-submersible floating drilling platform of increased stability is equipped with pontoons with telescopic racks.

The drill string consists of three parts, while the upper part is made in the form of a cross-shaped stand for rotation of the drill string and hydraulic lift, the middle part with a rigid frame in the form of separate sections, and the lower part contains means for connecting with fountain fittings and adjustment motors with propellers .

The drill string is equipped with floats.

Semi-submersible floating drilling platform with installation and drilling equipment, equipped with main pontoons with racks, in which, according to a utility model, it (the platform) is double-decked, while the lower deck has a height-adjustable mounting deck, main pontoon racks are made telescopic, in addition, the platform is equipped with auxiliary pontoons with racks, an active-passive horizontal stabilization system and an anchor system.

Mounting and drilling equipment includes: a large rotor equipped with mounting trusses located on two levels, and a mounting and drilling plate with a drilling rig mounted with the possibility of horizontal movement.

The mounting and drilling deck is provided at the bottom with a mountainous cistern and a mountainous pontoon, which is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, periodically filled with water.

The telescopic racks of the main pontoons are equipped with a hydraulic brake and are made of three links, while the first link is made in the form of a sealed cylinder, the second link is made in the form of a lattice cylinder, the third link is made in the form of an unpressurized cylinder.

Racks of auxiliary pontoons are made telescopic.

The active-passive horizontal stabilization system is made in the form of horizontal planes rigidly connected to the posts of the main pontoons, equipped with engines with propeller axes located vertically.

The horizontal planes of the active-passive horizontal stabilization system are made leaking.

The anchor system is made in the form of screw-anchor anchors.

An offshore production rack for pumping oil, interconnected by a product pipeline with fountain fittings of at least one subsea well and a surface production object with energy carriers, comprising a housing mounted on the base with the possibility of fixing on the seabed, in which, according to a utility model, the housing made of sections with a cavity for oil with submersible pumps and nozzles of product pipelines and a cavity for water, equipped with an inlet pipe and nozzles for water associated with fountain fittings with Vazhiny.

The base is made with a hole, and the lower end of the body is made in the form of a threaded cylinder for screwing into the seabed.

The body is equipped with horizontally positioned corrective motors.

An offshore ice-resistant floating platform for oil production, interconnected with a wellbore, containing a cylindrical body with technological equipment for oil production, a residential unit and a control station, equipped with an ice-breaking device and an anchor system, in which, according to a utility model, the body is made heated and the bottom part along the perimeter of the base there is an ice-breaking device in the form of inclined heated icebreakers, in addition, the platform is equipped with pontoons mounted on a telescopic rack And anchoring system made in the form vintoprisosnyh anchors.

The offshore ice-resistant floating platform has a small-sized TPP operating on associated gas.

An offshore ice-resistant floating platform is interconnected with an ice-resistant floating reservoir.

An ice-resistant floating reservoir for collecting and storing oil, comprising a housing, a product pipeline for communication with an oil producing object, an ice breaking device, means for fastening the tank to the soil, in which, according to a utility model, the housing is made heated and an ice breaking device is located in the lower part along the perimeter of the base in the form of inclined heated icebreakers, and the means for attaching the reservoir to the ground is made in the form of a screw-anchor system with means for holding the reservoir, while p tensioning mechanism is provided means for retaining the reservoir designed as a screw drive, which moves the slide, coupled to the means for holding the tank.

An anchor for floating structures in the sea, mainly floating platforms for oil and / or gas production, comprising a housing configured to be deepened into the seabed, and means for holding floating platforms in which, according to a utility model, teeth are made on the end surface of the housing, and in the case there is a hole in which a cylinder with a thread is installed on the outer surface for screwing into the seabed and exhaust valves.

The platform holding means is connected to the cylinder by means of a lock cooperating with the cable.

The means for holding the platform can be made in the form of a chain with floats.

The means for holding the platform can also be made in the form of articulated steel rods with floats.

The formwork is fixed on the body.

The formwork is fixed to the body by means of extensions with floats.

The bottom end of the formwork is located at the top of the teeth of the housing.

The anchor is equipped with a casing pipe concreted in the well passing through a threaded cylinder.

The proposed offshore autonomous complex using a multifunctional semi-submersible floating drilling platform of increased stability expands technological capabilities, because without the use of divers and robotic manipulators, regardless of weather, not only drilling oil wells at great depths on the sea shelf, installing fountain equipment at the wellhead, but also installing the manifold and anchor systems of all the main installations of the complex: not only for the most submersible floating drilling platform , but also for the mining platform and for the reservoir platform. Despite its small size, the unsupported platform can carry a significant payload, due to the presence of auxiliary pontoons, which increases its battery life and increases efficiency.

Lowered into the depths of the main pontoons on telescopic racks give the floating drilling platform increased stability. Firstly, due to the fact that the pontoons descending to a depth (about 80 m) fall into a quiet zone relative to the surface. Pontoons at this depth are weakly dependent on surface waves. Therefore, they effectively prevent the swing of the platform. Secondly, when lowering the pontoons, the center of gravity of the floating drilling platform is lowered, which also increases its stability.

The proposed design of a semi-submersible floating drilling platform of increased stability, fixed with even ordinary ship anchors, will not drift from the well and will reduce problems with replacing the drilling tool and oil leakage.

The ice-resistant production platform and the reservoir platform provide year-round operation of oil wells for oil production on the ice shelf.

The use of a drill string design in the proposed offshore autonomous complex, which provides the installation of a fully finished fountain fitting mounted on a large-sized cylinder screwed into the ground, will be cheaper than installing with the help of robotic manipulators and more environmentally friendly, simpler and more reliable.

Reliable installation of fountain equipment at the wellhead on a large-sized cylinder screwed into the ground ensures environmental cleanliness of oil production.

A large-sized cylinder screwed into the soil creates a blowout effect, while at the same time being, thanks to exhaust valves, a screw-anchor anchor.

The use of screw-anchor systems in the complex increases the reliability of all installations of the complex, regardless of the weather during drilling and production.

The use in the complex of the proposed design of the manifold in the form of a mining rack also expands the technological capabilities of the complex, as provides pumping of oil and gas from a cluster of wells located at a considerable distance from each other.

Conducted patent research did not reveal identical technical solutions, which allows us to conclude about the novelty of the claimed technical solutions.

The domestic industry has all the means (materials, technology, equipment) necessary for the manufacture and use of the proposed group of utility models.

Recommendations on the use of the proposed complex for oil production. In the Barents Sea, with an average sea depth of 220 m, there are troughs up to 600 m deep. The troughs are located mainly between 70 ° and 80 ° north latitude and slightly higher. According to scientists, the depressions appeared about 120 thousand years ago during the last glacier descent. In the depressions, the oil-bearing layers should be closer to the bottom surface than in shallow water, at least a few hundred meters. In addition, the bottom soil in the depressions should be less dense than in shallow water. The glacier tore out bottom soil in the places of the current depressions and brought it to the places where there are currently shallow waters. Especially the central and northern regions of the sea. Moving further along the deposited soil, the glacier additionally rammed it. This hypothesis has indirect evidence. Wells are currently being drilled in the shallow waters of the Barents Sea. In this case, as is known from the media, drillers have serious difficulties with drilling due to the density of the bottom soil. All things being equal, drilling at depth is economically viable. Less drilling tool required per well. The effect will be more noticeable with a large number of wells. But, most importantly, there will be time savings in drilling wells. The proposed oil production complex meets the requirements of the harsh climatic conditions of the northern Arctic latitudes. Only well drilling requires an ice-free water surface. Mining is possible in almost any weather conditions of the northern latitudes.

The essence of utility models is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a General diagram of an offshore autonomous complex for oil production from a wellbore, where:

1 - Floating drilling platform;

2 - drill string;

3 - Fountain fittings;

4 - Well;

5 - Production stand;

6 - Screw-anchor anchor for floating structures in the sea;

7 - Offshore ice-resistant floating platform for oil production;

8 - Ice-resistant floating tank for the collection and storage of oil;

9 - Tanker for oil shipment;

10 - Food producers;

figure 2 - diagram of the anchoring of a floating drilling platform for drilling a cluster of wells, where:

11 - drilled wells;

12 - place of drilling another well;

figure 3 - floating drilling platform in the transport position, where:

13 - lower deck;

14 - upper deck;

15 - bridge crane;

16 - power station;

17 - household and service add-ons;

18 - tank;

19 - mountain pontoon;

20 - anchor system;

21 - reservoir with drilling drilling fluid;

22 - auxiliary pontoons;

23 - main pontoons;

24 - telescopic racks of the main pontoons assembly;

25 - jumper telescopic racks;

26 - technological passage to the main pontoon;

27 - active-passive system of horizontal stabilization;

28, 29 - longitudinal jumpers of the platform racks;

figure 4 - floating drilling platform in the transport position (side view), where:

30 - horizontal plane active-passive system of horizontal stabilization;

31 - vertical engine active-passive horizontal stabilization system;

32 - technological compartment of the main pontoon;

33 - pumps and other equipment for controlling the filling and pumping of water from the compartments of the main pontoon;

34 - the first compartment;

35 - the second compartment;

36 - the third compartment;

37 - the fourth compartment;

38 - the fifth compartment;

figure 5 - floating drilling platform in the working position, where:

39 - anchor chain

40 - struts of a mountainous pontoon;

41 - the upper section of the telescopic rack;

42 - the middle section of the telescopic rack;

43 - the lower section of the telescopic rack;

44 - float lowered drill stand;

45 - lowered drill stand;

46 - mounting drilling deck;

figure 6 - pontoon (with hydraulic brakes) on telescopic racks, where:

47 - hydraulic brake connecting the middle section to the bottom;

48 - hydraulic brake connecting the middle section with the upper;

figure 7 - hydraulic brake telescopic racks, where:

49 - holes for squeezing water;

50 - check valve;

51 - technological passage to the pontoon;

on Fig - mounting drilling deck (top view), where:

52 - drill winch;

53 - drill plate;

54 - oil rig;

55 - winch of a large rotor;

56 - rods on which the deck is fixed;

57 - winches to move the drill plate assembly;

58 - a large rotor;

59 - a small rotor;

60 - rack for drilling equipment;

figure 9 is a deck, where:

61 - a rigid cylinder, which is part of a large rotor;

62 - rod lock toroidal pontoon to the deck;

63 - retainer deck to the rod 56;

figure 10 is a large rotor with lower and upper trusses, where:

64 - drive rotation of a large rotor;

65 - hydraulic cylinder lowering and lifting the upper trusses;

66 - upper farm;

67 - platform for laying cargo on lower farms;

68 - lower farm;

69 - a hydraulic cylinder;

figure 11 - the upper trusses of the large rotor (top view), where:

70 - a platform for laying cargo;

71 - pharynx to capture the protrusion of the rack with its subsequent rotation;

on Fig - section of the middle part of the drill string, where:

72 - strong frame section;

73 - mounting belt section;

74 - fastening nodes of the water conduit and oil pipeline;

75 - mounting unit;

76 - water-repellent pipe;

77 - a nut with a thread for fastening a water-repellent pipe inside a strong frame;

78 - nodes docking sections;

in Fig.13 - the upper part of the drill string, where:

79 - a hollow cylinder with protrusions;

80 - protrusions;

81 - mounting belt of the drill stand;

82 - hydraulic lift;

83 - extendable sleeve for fixing pseudo-casing pipes on it;

84 - calibration section;

on Fig - cavity low pressure, where:

85 - pseudo-casing pipe;

86 - springs;

87 - movable lower edge;

on Fig - mounting and sealing head, where:

88 - casing;

on Fig - mounting and sealing head of the casing, where:

89 - housing mounting and sealing head

90 - cylinder of larger diameter

91 - guide belt

92 - spring limiter

93 - sealing plugs of a cylinder of a larger diameter;

94 - gutta-percha mass;

95 - pipe, on which the casing of the casing is fixed;

96 - thrust;

97 - wedge;

98 - cylindrical retainer;

99 - nozzle;

100 - a thickened rim of the mounting and sealing head;

101 - wedge mounting bracket;

102 - retainer, wedge in the pressed position;

103 - a thickened rim of the upper pipe cut on which the next casing string is fixed;

104 - sealing plugs of a cylinder of a smaller diameter;

105 - elastic material around the circumference of the sealing trough;

106 - circular sealing trough;

on Fig - the lower part of the drill string, where:

107 - bottom retainer;

108 - a directing nut of the screwed-in cylinder;

109 - retainer;

110 - a hollow cylinder with a thread on the outer surface;

111 - a directing pipe;

112 - stopper;

113 - check valve;

114 - cavity of low pressure;

115 - shutter;

116 - shutter gear drive;

117 - water conduit;

118 —dock assembly for the drive of the shutter gear;

119 - the upper part of the drive of the shutter gear;

120 - mounting belt of the bottom of the rack;

121 - the first section of the middle part of the rack;

106 - corrective engine (motor);

123 - the docking node of the lower part of the rack with the middle;

124 - connecting node;

125 - oil pipeline;

126 - pipe, which is a continuation of the pipe 76;

127 - slam of the water conduit;

128 - oil pipeline shut;

in Fig.18 - the lower part of the mining rack, where:

129 - a hollow cylinder with a thread on the outer surface;

130 - base;

131 - housing;

132 - check valve;

133 - a cavity for pumping water;

134 - pipe branch;

135 - oil pipe;

136 - cavity for oil;

137 - pipeline pumping water;

138 - node make-up rack from the bottom after oil production and concreting cavities 133 and 136;

139 - pipeline for raising the pressure in the cavity 136;

140 - corrective engine (motor);

141 - the shutter of the water pipe;

142 - submersible electric pump;

143 - a tube for supplying water to the water cavity, for subsequent injection into the wells 146;

on Fig is a diagram of the interaction of the production rack with a cluster of oil wells (for example, one well), where:

144 - second casing - intermediate;

145 - third casing - operational;

146 - product layer;

147 - concrete bottom edge of the production pipe;

148 - operational hole;

in Fig.20 - ice-resistant mining platform, where:

149 - ice;

150 - pumps;

151 is a cylindrical body;

152 - heating pipes;

153 - technological equipment (submersible electric pumps);

154 - heating pipes of the office building;

155 - thermoelectric power station;

156 - residential block;

157 - water intake;

158 - pontoon;

159 - telescopic stand;

160 - fishing rod float;

161 - icebreaker;

162 - product pipeline;

on Fig - typical TPP, adapted to the production platform, where:

163 - cylinder with liquefied gas;

164 - combustible gas (methane);

165 - water obtained from chilled steam;

166 — a pump supplying cold water to a steam cooler;

167 - generator;

168 - steam turbine;

169 - steam boiler;

170 - heated air pump for heating office and residential premises;

171 - air heater;

172 - heating pipes of a durable cylindrical body of the platform;

173 - Pipes for heating the icebreaker;

174 - steam cooler;

on Fig - ice-resistant floating tank for collecting and storing oil, where:

175 - heated durable tank body;

176 - heated by ice;

177 - the mechanism of tension of the anchor chains;

178 - electric steam generator;

179 - pumps;

180 - tank capacity;

181 - pipe afterburning of residual associated gas from the tank;

182 - additional pontoon;

in Fig.23 - the mechanism of tension of the anchor chains (extensions), where:

183 - wire rope;

184 - roller - support for cables;

185 - an arm a clamp of cables;

186 - thrust;

187 - screws;

188 - slider;

189 - electric motor;

190 - gearbox;

191 - the attachment mechanism of the tension mechanism of the anchor chains (extensions) to the floating tank;

on Fig - anchor for floating structures, where:

192 - case;

193 - teeth of the housing;

194 - cylinder;

195 - stopper;

196 - stopper latch;

197 - the node attaching the chain to the anchor;

198 - castle;

199 - cable to open the lock;

200 - chain;

201 - chain float;

on Fig - anchor for floating structures with concreting, where:

202 - a core;

203 - anchor stand;

204 - node make-up rack with anchors;

205 - ring formwork;

206 - lower end of the formwork;

207 - formwork stretching;

208 - casing;

209 - well;

210 - concrete;

Autonomous marine complex for oil production, contains:

- a surface object in the form of an offshore production floating platform 7 for a wellbore 4 connected to a floating reservoir 8, equipped with positioning means in the form of screw-anchor systems 6. The offshore production floating platform 7 with a floating reservoir is made ice-resistant.

- a monifold, in the form of an offshore production stand 5, interconnected by a product pipeline 10 with fountain fittings 3, of at least one subsea well 4, provided with a water cavity 133 for injection into wells 4, by a product pipeline 10 connected to a production surface object (with offshore mining floating platform 7 with energy),

- semi-submersible floating drilling platform 1 of increased stability for drilling equipment and installation of fountain fittings 3 on the seabed, equipped with a screw-anchor system 6. The main pontoons 23 of the semi-submersible floating drilling platform 1 are mounted on telescopic racks 24,

- drill string 2, consisting of three parts, while the upper part (Fig. 13) is made in the form of a cross-shaped strut 79 (hollow cylinder with protrusions) for rotating the drill string 2 and hydraulic lift 82, the middle part (Fig. 12) is made with a rigid frame in the form of separate sections 72 with pipes 76, and the lower part (Fig. 17) contains means 124 for connecting with fountain fittings 3 and adjustment engines 122 with propellers. Drill string 2 is equipped with floats 44.

- fountain fittings 3 on the seabed mounted on a large cylinder 110 screwed into the ground with a thread on the outer surface with a guide lock 107 and exhaust valves 113. Fountain fittings 3 contains a low-pressure cavity 114 with flaps 128 and 127 for connecting grocery 125 and water respectively 117 pipelines and concreted before disconnecting the drill string 2 shutter 115.

The semi-submersible floating drilling platform (Figs. 3, 4, 5) is equipped with main pontoons 23 with struts 24 made of telescopic, auxiliary pontoons 22 with struts, which can also be made of telescopic, active-passive horizontal stabilization system 27 and the anchor system.

Telescopic racks 24 of the main pontoons 23 are made of three links: in this case, the first link 41 is made in the form of a sealed cylinder, the second link 42 is made in the form of a lattice cylinder, the third link 43 is made in the form of an unpressurized cylinder.

Active-passive system of horizontal stabilization 27 is made in the form of rigidly connected to the posts 24 of the main pontoons 23 of the horizontal planes 30, equipped with motors 31 with propeller axes located vertically. The horizontal plane 30 of the active-passive horizontal stabilization system 27 is made leaking.

Semi-submersible floating drilling platform 1 is made of two-deck, on the lower deck 13 is located with the possibility of height adjustment of the mounting and drilling deck 46 (Fig. 8) with mounting and drilling equipment. Mounting and drilling equipment includes: a large rotor 58, equipped with mounting trusses 66 and 68 located on two levels, for mounting the drill string and screwing a threaded cylinder 110 with flow equipment 3 into the bottom soil and a mounting and drilling plate 53 with a drill tower 52 mounted with the possibility of horizontal movement. The mounting and drilling deck 46 is provided at the bottom for height adjustment of the mountainous cistern 18 and the mountainous pontoon 19 that is vertically movable and periodically filled with water. The anchor system is made in the form of screw-anchor anchors 6.

An offshore production stand 5 (Fig. 18) for pumping oil is interconnected by a product line 125 with fountain fittings 3 of at least one subsea well 4 and with a surface production object (offshore ice-resistant floating platform 7 with energy carriers), comprising a housing 131 mounted on base 130 with the possibility of fixing on the seabed. The housing 131 is made of sections with a cavity for oil 136 with submersible pumps 142 and nozzles 135 of product pipelines 125 and a cavity 133 for water, equipped with an inlet pipe 143 and nozzles 134 for water associated with fountain fittings 3 of the wells 4. The base 130 is made with a hole, and the lower end of the housing 131 is made in the form of a threaded cylinder 129 for screwing into the seabed. The housing is equipped with horizontally positioned corrective motors 140 with screws.

Marine ice-resistant floating platform 7 (Fig. 20) for oil production, is interconnected with a wellbore 4 (Fig. 1) and contains a cylindrical heated body 15 with processing equipment 153 for oil production, a residential unit 156 and a control station, equipped with an ice-breaking device in the lower parts along the perimeter of the base of the hull 151 in the form of inclined heated icebreakers 161, and the anchor system in the form of screw-in anchors 6, has a small-sized TPP 155 running on associated gas and interconnected with an ice-resistant floating tank 8.

The sea ice-resistant floating platform 7 is also equipped with pontoons 158 mounted on telescopic racks 159.

An ice-resistant floating tank 8 for collecting and storing oil (Figure 22), contains a heated body 175, a product pipeline 162 for communication with an oil producing object (offshore ice-resistant floating platform 7), and an ice breaking device in the form of inclined heated icebreakers is located at the bottom of the perimeter of the base 176, the means for attaching the tank to the soil is made in the form of a screw-anchor system 6 with means for holding the tank 8, the tension mechanism 177 means for holding the tank 8 (Fig.23), made in the form of one screw 187, which moves the slider 188 connected to means for holding the tank.

An anchor 6 for floating structures in the sea (FIGS. 24, 25), mainly floating platforms for oil and / or gas production, comprises a housing 192 with teeth 193 on the end surface for deepening into the seabed and with an opening in which a cylinder 194 is installed with a thread on the outer surface for screwing into the seabed and exhaust valves 113, means for holding structures and platforms connected to the cylinder 194 by means of a lock 198 interacting with a cable 199. The means for holding structures and platforms are made in the form of a chain 200 with floats 201 il and in the form of articulated stretch marks 202 (in the form of steel rods) with floats. The formwork 205 is fixed to the anchor body 192, fixed by means of braces 207. At the same time, the lower end face 206 of the formwork 205 is located at the top of the teeth 193 of the housing 192. The anchor 6 is equipped with a casing 208 concreted in the well 209 passing through the threaded cylinder 194.

The proposed marine autonomous complex for oil production works as follows:

1. On the territory of the implementation of the well cluster drilling (Figure 2), the floating drilling platform 1 establishes a screw-anchor system 6, becomes the center of the future well cluster and connects to the anchors 6;

2. Alternately drill wells as follows:

2.1. Drill string 2 with fountain fittings 3 and threaded cylinder 110 with guide pipe 111 and threaded cylinder 110 is screwed into the seabed by means of drill string 2;

2.2. A string of pseudo-casing pipes 85 of equal diameter guide pipe 111 is lowered into the drill string 2 until the lower pseudo-casing pipe contacts the upper cut of the guide pipe 111 (FIG. 14);

2.3. A well is drilled under the first casing string (conductor 88);

2.4. A conductor 88 is lowered into the well and attached to the guide tube 111;

2.5. The next pseudo-casing pipe with a diameter equal to the diameter of the conductor 88 is lowered into the drill string 2, until it contacts the upper cut of the conductor 88;

2.6. A conductor 88 is concreted through the formed pipe (pseudo-casing pipe + conductor 88) (the task of the conductor 88 is to cut off ground water from the well);

27. A well is drilled through the same pipe under the intermediate casing string 144 (if there is a non-product layer, for example, water or gas, on the way to the desired product layer — oil, then an intermediate casing string serves to cut it off the well). there is nothing to the desired product layer, then a well is drilled immediately under the casing string 145);

2.8. An intermediate casing string 144 is lowered into the well and attached to a conductor 88;

2.9. Another pseudo-casing coarse with a diameter equal to the diameter of the intermediate casing string is lowered into the drill string 2 until it contacts the upper cut of the intermediate casing string;

2.10. Through the formed pipe (pseudo-casing pipe string + intermediate casing string), the intermediate casing string is concreted;

2.11. The well is drilled further to the product layer under the casing production casing 145;

2.12. The production casing string is lowered and attached to the intermediate casing string;

2.13. The next string of pseudo-casing pipes is lowered into the drill string, equal in diameter to the production casing string, until it contacts the upper cut of the production casing string 145;

2.14. Through the formed pipe (a pseudo-casing pipe string + a production casing string 145), a production casing string 145 is concreted;

2.15. In production casing string 145, the heavy flushing solution is replaced with water;

2.16. A cartridge with a cumulative charge is lowered into the casing string of production casing 145 to the level of the product layer and blown up, making a production hole 148 in the pipe for pumping oil;

2.17. The cartridge (on a cable) rises quickly;

2.18. As soon as the cartridge passes through the low-pressure cavity 114, the hydraulic lift 82 will lift all the pseudo-casing pipes;

2.19. The shutter 115 closes, blocking the oil in the low-pressure cavity 114;

2.20. Shutter 115 is concreted;

2.21. The drill string 2 is screwed up with fountain fittings 3 (the well is completed);

2.22. Similarly, the remaining wells of the bush are drilled;

3. The drilling platform 1 becomes in the center of the wellbore and sets the production rack 5;

4. The drilling platform 1 is replaced by a production platform 7, which is attached to the same anchors 6 as the drilling platform 1;

5. Product managers 10 wells 4 are connected to the production rack 5;

6. At the production stand 5, oil flows to the production platform 7 and then through the product pipeline 162 to the tank 8;

7. From the tank 8 periodically (by filling) the oil is shipped to the tanker 9;

Below is a detailed description of the individual operations of the proposed marine autonomous complex for oil production.

At the border of the proposed zone of the location of the well cluster (Figure 2), (not more than 1 square kilometer), a multifunctional semi-submersible floating drilling platform 1 establishes a system of screw-in anchors 6 (4 reinforced screw-anchor anchors) and connects to them. Drilling platform 1 moves inside the resulting rectangle. Anchor chains are pulled to the drilling platform, stopped above the proposed drilling site of the first well. Pontoons 23 are lowered on telescopic racks 41, 42, 43, and a well is drilled with its completion. The drilling platform moves sequentially to the next drilling site of the well 12, until all the wells in the cluster have been drilled.

Drilling a single well is carried out in the following sequence.

The main pontoons 23 are filled with water and lowered on telescopic racks 41, 42, 43. For this, the latches of the rack links are disconnected. Then the inlet valves of the first 34 and last 38 compartments of both pontoons open. These compartments are completely filled with water. Next, the inlet valves of the middle compartments 36 open. During their filling, the pontoons should begin to lower. Filling stops. Both pontoons should lower evenly. After both pontoons are completely lowered, all remaining compartments are completely filled. Platform 1 in this case will increase the draft and will completely lie on the auxiliary pontoons 22.

Installation, lowering and screwing the drill string into the bottom soil is as follows. After the platform 1 is installed above the drilling site (pontoons are lowered and the anchor chains are pulled), the deck is prepared for screwing the drill string 2 into the bottom soil. The latches 62, fixing the rods to the deck 46, are loosened. The rods are attached to the mountain pontoon 19. The mountain pontoon 19 is lowered into the water and floats freely. The latches 62 are again secured. Then the latches 63 loosening the deck to the rods 56 are loosened. The whole deck rests on the mountain pontoon, flooding it by some amount. Then the tank 18 is filled with water. The total mass of the subdeck becomes greater than the carrying capacity of the toroidal pontoon 19. The subdeck 46 is lowered along the rods to the end. After that, the latches 63 are fixed. Thus, Deck 46 descended from Deck 1 to 15 meters. Deck 46 rose above the surface of the water at an altitude of 5-6 meters. It is ready for mounting, lowering and screwing in the drill string and fountain equipment. (In the transport position, the height of the lower deck is above the water surface at a height of 25 m. During drilling, this height, based on safety measures, is 20 m. The height of the deck below the water surface is 5-6 m. These are extreme conditions and work under such conditions is permissible due to the transience of the installation, lowering and screwing into the bottom soil of drill string 2 and only into the calm, in extreme cases, with little excitement).

Before mounting the drill string 2, the upper 66 and lower 68 trusses must be raised. An overhead crane lifts the lower part of the drill string 2 (including fountain fittings, securing it to the junction 123 of the lower part of the string with the middle part, lowers it down through the large rotor 58 by half. Then the upper trusses 66 lower. The lower part of the drill stand rests with its mounting belt 120 to the sites 70 of the upper trusses 66. Next, the overhead crane delivers the first section with corrective engines (motors) 122. It is fixed on the bottom of the drill string, after which the entire string, consisting of the bottom and sec with trimming motors. The upper trusses 66 are raised, the entire drill string is lowered to half of section 121. The upper trusses 66 are lowered. The whole drill string is lowered to lay the mounting belt of section 121 on platforms 70. Next, the overhead crane delivers the third section. It is mounted on the top of the section 121. After that, the entire resulting drill string will rise (lower part plus two sections). The upper trusses 66 will rise. The entire drill string will drop to half of the third section. The upper trusses 66 are lowered. The entire drill string is lowered before laying it on the mounting belt of the third section. Further, everything is mounted in the same way.

Installation and lowering of the drill string is performed until the lowering begins to slow down. This means that the latch 107 has reached hard bottom soil. The lowering of the drill string is stopped. Above the large rotor will remain part of the last fixed section of the drill string. If it turns out to be less than 10 m, then it is necessary to set it up to 10 m. Since the drill string cannot be lowered anymore, the deck itself rises to pre-tighten the mounting belt of the last section by the upper trusses 66. To do this, the latches 63 are loosened and water is drained from the tank 18 until until the deck 46 begins to rise. As soon as the platforms 70 press on the bottom of the mounting bracket of the last section (part of which remains above the large rotor), the latches 63 will be fixed and the water from the tank 18 will stop draining. After that, the bridge crane delivers the rest of section 84 (calibration). For example, over a large rotor, 3 m of the last section remained. Then the crane will deliver the calibration section 84 with a length of 7 m. The delivered calibration section 84 is fixed. An overhead crane holds the entire drill string. Water is again poured into the tank 18. The latches 63 are loosened and the deck 46 is slightly (2 m) lowered. The latches 63 are clamped. The upper trusses 66 rise. Water is again drained from tank 18. Deck 46 rises until the large rotor 58 is above the docking unit of the last section with the calibration section 84. The latches 63 are fixed. Deck 46 stops. The upper trusses 66 are lowered. The latches 63 loosen. Water is drained from tank 18. Deck 46 will rise up until the platform 70 will not give rise to the mounting belt 73. The latch 63 is fixed. The overhead crane secures the upper hour of the drill string 79 using the waist system and delivers it to the calibration section 84. The upper part is attached to the calibration section 84. The entire drill string 2 is assembled and held by a bridge crane. Water is poured into the tank 18. The latches 63 loosen. Deck 46 slightly (2 m) descends. The upper truss 66 (Fig.6) rise. The latches 57 (Figure 5) are fixed. Water is poured from tank 18. The latches 63 loosen. Deck 46 rises. It is necessary to raise the large rotor above the jointing unit of the hollow cylinder 79 with the protrusions 80 with the calibration section 84. Then the latches 63 are fixed. Water drainage stops.

The upper trusses 66 are lowered so that each protrusion 80 falls into the throat 71 to grip the protrusion 80 of the drill string 2 and then rotate it. After that, water is poured into the tank 18. The latches 63 loosen and the deck 46 slides down to the docking assembly. The latches 63 are fixed. Drill string 2 is ready for screwing into the bottom soil.

Winches 55 are turned on. Large rotor 58 begins to rotate the drill string. Knowing the rotational speed of the large rotor 58 and the thread pitch on the outer surface of the hollow cylinder 110, it is possible to determine the lowering speed of the drill string with a bridge crane to uniformly screw the hollow cylinder 110 into the bottom soil. In the process of screwing, the hollow cylinder is lowered down. As soon as the belt 81 lies on the upper trusses 66, the rotation of the large rotor 58 stops. Additional information about screwing a hollow cylinder into the ground can be obtained from a camera mounted on corrective engines (motors) 122. The latches 109 will fix the stopper 112, counteracting the unscrewing of the drill string.

The drill string is held by an overhead crane. The latches 63 loosen. Tank 18 is filled with water. Deck 46 descends 3 m. The upper trusses 66 rise. The latches 63 are fixed. Lower trusses 68 are lowered. Water is poured from tank 18. The latches 63 loosen. Deck 46 rises until the platforms 67 of the lower trusses 68 suppress the girdle 81. The latches 63 are fixed. After building up the remaining part of the section above the large rotor to 10 m, the deck 46 was raised to this height. After laying the belt 81 on the platforms 67, the deck 46 still rose by 5 m. Since the height of the rigid cylinder 61 is 5 m, the deck below rose to a height of about 15 m and was almost equal in height to deck 13. The total height of the deck on the water will be thus, about 20 m. The hollow cylinder 110 screwed into the bottom soil has the characteristics of a screw-anchor anchor (Fig. 24) and replaces a plate for attaching fountain fittings 3 and an anti-blowout device.

When drilling a well, first of all, the drill plate 53, together with the derrick 52 mounted on it and the drill hoist, is mounted above the large rotor 58 by means of the winch 57 so that the small rotor 59 stands above the extendable sleeve 83. In this position, the drill plate 53 is fixed. The water-repellent pipe 126 has a diameter greater than the diameter of the guide pipe 111.

Work on drilling wells, installing and lowering casing strings with their subsequent concreting is carried out using standard technology using drilling equipment and an overhead crane. A column of pseudo-casing pipes 85 with a diameter equal to the diameter of the guide pipe 111 is lowered into the water-repellent pipe 126. The column of pseudo-casing pipes 85 serves to create a single pipe together with the casing pipes 88 of the well, which is convenient for drilling and concreting casing pipes. The lower pipe of this column 85 should fit exactly with the upper cut of the guide pipe 111, forming a single pipe (Fig. 14). Therefore, the lower pseudo-casing pipe is made with the lower movable edge 87 and the spring of the moving edge of the pipe 230. The joint of the string of pseudo-casing pipes is shown in Fig. 14. The length of the string of pseudo-casing pipes is calculated to the middle of the moving edge 87 of the pipe 85. An error in calculating the length of the string of pseudo-casing pipes is allowed in this case equal to half the length of the movable edge 87. After lowering the column of pseudo-casing pipes, its upper edge is fixed on the extendable sleeve 83. Hydraulic hoist 82 can raise the column of pseudo-casing pipes to a height of 2 m. After connecting the column of pseudo-casing pipes 85 to the guide pipe 111, one continuous pipe was obtained. A drilling tool is lowered into it and a well is being drilled.

After the well is drilled, a casing string is lowered into it according to the following technology.

The last (upper) casing string of the casing string is taken with a mounting and sealing head 89. A pipe with a nozzle 99 is lowered into it. Cylindrical clamps 98 and wedges 97 are pressed with bondage. The casing string begins to lower. As the mounting and sealing head 89 enters the string of pseudo-casing pipes 85, the bond becomes detached. In the future, the role of the bandage will be played by the column of pseudo-casing pipes. As soon as the casing string 88 passes through the low pressure cavity 114 and enters the guide pipe 111, the gyro lift 82 will raise the pseudo-casing pipe 85 to some height relative to the upper cut of the guide pipe 111.

Thus, a gap is created between these pipes. When the wedges 97 fall into this gap, they will rise under the action of the springs and fix the casing string 88 on the upper section of the guide pipe 111, as shown in Fig. 16. As the pipe string with nozzle 99 is further lowered, the cylindrical stopper 98 will release, releasing the nozzle 99. The pipe string with nozzle can be lifted. The lowered casing string must be concreted in order to prevent unauthorized entry of foreign liquids and gases into it. As a rule, the first casing after concreting cuts off the ingress of groundwater into it and is called a “conductor”.

A second pseudo-casing pipe string is lowered into the drill string (as described above). Now the movable edge of the lower pipe of the second string of pseudo-casing pipes fits into the upper cut of the first string of casing (conductor).

The result was a continuous pipe consisting of a second string of pseudo-casing pipes and a first string of casing. A solution of concrete (solidified in water) is pumped into it under pressure. On the bottom pipe of the casing string there is a check valve through which the concrete solution enters the annular gap between the well and the outer surface of the casing. After depressurization, the solution due to the check valve cannot get back into the casing string and after some time freezes in the annular gap.

A drilling tool is lowered into the well and concrete and a check valve are drilled. The well is being drilled further. A well may have two or three casing strings. If after concreting the first casing string on the way to the desired product layer, there are other (non-productive) layers, such as water or gas, then an intermediate casing string is used. If there are no such layers, then the second casing string will be operational. An intermediate casing string is needed in order to cut off other non-product layers.

The lowering of the intermediate casing string and its subsequent concreting is also carried out as described above (for the first conductor casing). The same goes for the casing string. Before the drill penetrates into the desired product layer, the drilling fluid is partially or completely weighted, replaced with a heavier mud to prevent unauthorized release of oil. After the desired product layer has been drilled, the casing production string 145 is lowered into the well. The lower edge 147 of the production pipe is concreted.

Sealing the annular gap between the casing strings using the mounting and sealing head (Fig.16). It is described above that as soon as the wedges 97 fall into the gap between the lower edge 87 of the column of pseudo-casing pipes 85 and the upper cut of the guide pipe 111, they will rise and rise under the action of the springs, as shown in Fig. 16. The casing string continues to sink. Wedges 97 were fixed on the upper cut 103 of the guide pipe (or on the upper cut of the previous casing string). Some wedges have freedom of movement vertically. They are located below and the first to touch the upper cut of the pipe, on which the lowering casing string will be fixed. These wedges with rods 96 (a cylinder of small diameter) are connected with cylinders of larger diameter 90. The wedges 97 are fixed on the upper cut 103 of the guide tube 111, and the mounting and sealing head 90 continues to move, choosing the gap between the mounting bracket of the wedge 101 and the thickened rim 100 of the mounting and sealing heads 89. Thus, the circular sealing groove 106 runs into cylinders of small diameter 98 and large diameter 90. From the circular mounting and sealing groove 106, cylinders of smaller diameter 96 exit, and the cylinder enters larger diameter 90. Thus, the volume of the circular-germetizatsionnogo chute assembly 106 occupied by the gutta-percha mass (epoxy resin) decreases. The gutta-percha mass is incompressible and forced to stretch the elastic material 105, choosing the gap between the outer surface of the circular mounting and sealing gutter coated with elastic material 105 and the inner surface of the pipe 95. This can be a guide pipe 111, or the previous casing string. After some time, the gutta-percha mass hardens and reliably seals the low-pressure cavity 114.

Preparation of a drilled well for operation is as follows. After concreting the production casing string and replacing the heavy drilling fluid with water, a cumulative charge (cartridge) on the steel cable is lowered into the production casing string. At the level of the food layer, it is undermined, making an operating hole 148 in the pipe. Then the cartridge on the cable rises quickly, oil should rise behind it. As soon as the cable rises above the low-pressure cavity 114 and the shutter 115 passes (it is desirable that the oil does not have time to rise above the shutter 115) from the deck 46, the drive of the reducer 116 of the shutter 115 must be immediately rotated. When turning 90 °, the shutter 115 closes the pipe 126. Oil Thus, it is blocked in the low-pressure cavity 114. To increase reliability during long-term operation of the well, the shutter 115 is concreted. To do this, the upper part 119 of the actuator of the reducer 116 of the shutter 115 rises to exit the actuator from the docking unit 118. Through the last pseudo-casing pipe, the solution is fed down to the shutter 115. The shutter is hollow and the whole is filled with solution, including the hollow drive of the reducer 116 of the shutter 115 and part of the pipe 126. The oil pipeline 125 and the water pipe 117 are filled with water, closed, diverted and attached to the floats.

Raising and dismantling pseudo-casing pipes is carried out in the reverse order. The drill plate 53 complete with the drill tower 52 and the drill winch 55 is moved to the initial idle position by means of the winch 57 and is fixed there. The upper trusses 66 rise. An overhead crane pulls and holds the drill string 2. Water is poured into the cistern 18. The latches 63 loosen. Deck 46 is lowered down until the raised upper trusses 66 are below the girdle 81. Drainage stops. The latches 63 are fixed. The upper trusses 66 are lowered so that each protrusion 80 of the drill string enters the throat 71. The winch of the large rotor 55 for make-up is turned on. The drill string 2 is screwed in the connecting node 124. The lifting and dismounting of the drill string is carried out in the reverse order. At the bottom there is a fountain armature (everything below 124).

The well is finished and ready to go. For this, the conduit 117 and the oil conduit 125 are connected to the corresponding pipelines at the production stand. The oil pipeline and water conduit are made with flaps. The oil pipeline has a flap 128 for pumping oil from a low-pressure cavity 114, and the pipeline has a flap 127 for pumping water into a low-pressure cavity 114.

Oil production from the well. On Fig shows the interaction of the production rack with a cluster of oil wells on the example of one well.

The immersion depth of the pumps 142 must be such that they are below the oil level and must be immersed to an acceptable depth for them. A drill string having floats 44 and corrective engines (motors) 122 can be lowered to almost any depth.

The submersible pumps 142 are turned on and oil is pumped out of the cavity 136. In this cavity, pressure drops. Oil from the oil line 125 rushes into the cavity 136, creating a low pressure in the cavity 114, which in turn receives oil from the well. In fact, the oil is pumped out of the cavity 114. In the process of oil production, the shutter 141 blocking the water is closed. When the pressure drops in the cavity 114, the flap 127 will not open, so in this case the pressure will drop in the cavity 133 without compensation (shutter 141 is closed). If necessary, part of the water from the cavity 133 can be pumped out using the pipeline 135. If it becomes necessary to pump water into the well (s), then using the pipe 139 in the cavity 136 an increased pressure is created to close the shutter 128. The shutter 141 opens and the water is pressurized by the pipe 143 is fed into the cavity 133 from there through the wells.

Organization of the operation of an oil well cluster.

After completion of the well, lifting and dismantling of the drill string 2, with the exception of the remaining on the bottom of the fountain reinforcement 3, the drilling platform 1 should move to the next point of drilling within the specified cluster of oil wells (Figure 2).

Pontoons are lifted on telescopic racks. For this, the first 34 and last 38 compartments of both pontoons are blown simultaneously. After that, the middle compartments of 36 pontoons are blown. At the end of the purge of the middle compartments, the pontoons should rise. Since the movement of the drilling platform will be within the well cluster, it is not necessary to pump out the remaining compartments of the pontoons in order to save time. Arriving at the next drilling point, the drilling platform on semi-submerged pontoons lowers the main pontoons on telescopic racks. Anchor chains are pulled up. Then the whole range of work is done to prepare and conduct drilling and prepare the well for operation.

After the last well is completed, the drilling platform on semi-submerged pontoons will stand in the center of the oil well cluster. Lower and screw the production rack 5. into the bottom soil. Then the water conduits and the oil pipelines of the cluster and production racks are connected. Further, the drilling platform on semi-submerged pontoons is replaced by the production platform 7. The production platform can be any. For oil production in the extreme north, it is proposed to use the ice-resistant production platform shown in Fig. 20.

For industrial oil production from an organized well cluster, it is necessary to solve the issue of transporting the extracted oil. If production is carried out on the shelf of an ice-free sea, it is possible to lay along the bottom of a flexible oil pipeline to the coast. If production is carried out far from the coast and in ice conditions, an ice-resistant reservoir is necessary (Fig. 20). Oil transportation can be carried out by tankers 9 accompanied by an icebreaker, or by special icebreaking tankers. (One such icebreaker tanker is currently being built in Russia).

Claims (29)

1. An offshore autonomous complex for oil production, comprising: a surface production facility for a wellbore equipped with positioning means, product pipelines for connection to production wells and a production surface object, interconnected with fountain fittings of at least one subsea well, a monifold for pumped oil, gushing for a subsea well, drilling equipment, a drill string made from drilling equipment, characterized in that the surface production flax in the form of an offshore production floating platform connected to a floating reservoir, the monifold is made in the form of an offshore production stand for pumping oil, interconnected by product pipelines with an offshore production floating platform, and provided with a water cavity for injection into wells, the fountain is mounted on a screwed into an offshore the bottom of a large cylinder with a thread on the outer surface with a guide lock, exhaust valves and contains a low-pressure cavity with flaps for connecting the product and water pipelines and a shutter concreted prior to disconnecting the drill string, drilling equipment is installed on a semi-submersible floating drilling platform of increased stability, the drill string is made with a rigid frame, can be rotated and equipped with a means for connecting with fountain fittings and adjustment motors with propellers, positioning means surface object and other elements of the complex are made in the form of screw-anchor systems. 2. The marine autonomous complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the offshore mining floating platform is made ice-resistant. 3. The marine autonomous complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating tank is made ice-resistant. 4. The marine autonomous complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the semi-submersible floating drilling platform of increased stability is equipped with pontoons with telescopic racks. 5. Marine autonomous complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill string consists of three parts, the upper part is made in the form of a cross-shaped stand for rotation of the drill string and hydraulic lift, the middle with a rigid frame in the form of separate sections, and the lower part contains means for connection with fountain fittings and adjustment engines with propellers. 6. Marine autonomous complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the drill string is equipped with floats. 7. A semi-submersible floating drilling platform equipped with mounting and drilling equipment and main pontoons with racks, characterized in that it is double-deck, while the lower deck has a height-adjustable mounting deck, the main pontoons are telescopic, in addition , the platform is equipped with auxiliary pontoons with racks, an active-passive horizontal stabilization system and an anchor system. 8. The semi-submersible floating drilling platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the mounting and drilling equipment includes: a large rotor equipped with mounting trusses located on two levels, and a mounting and drilling plate with a drilling rig mounted with the possibility of horizontal movement. 9. The semi-submersible floating drilling platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the mounting and drilling deck is provided at the bottom with a mountainous cistern and a mountainous pontoon that is vertically movable and periodically filled with water. 10. The semi-submersible floating drilling platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the telescopic racks of the main pontoons are equipped with a hydraulic brake and are made of three links, while the first link is made in the form of a sealed cylinder, the second link is made in the form of a lattice cylinder, the third link is made in the form leaky cylinder. 11. Semi-submersible floating drilling platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the racks of auxiliary pontoons are made telescopic. 12. The semi-submersible floating drilling platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the active-passive horizontal stabilization system is made in the form of horizontal planes rigidly connected to the pillars of the main pontoons, equipped with engines with propeller axes located vertically. 13. The semi-submersible floating drilling platform according to claim 12, characterized in that the horizontal planes of the active-passive horizontal stabilization system are made leaky. 14. The semi-submersible floating drilling platform according to claim 7, characterized in that the anchor system is made in the form of screw-anchor anchors. 15. Offshore production rack for pumping oil, interconnected by a product pipeline with fountain fittings of at least one subsea well and a surface production object with energy carriers, comprising a housing mounted on the base with the possibility of fixing on the seabed, characterized in that the housing is made from sections with a cavity for oil with submersible pumps and nozzles for product pipelines and a cavity for water, equipped with an inlet pipe and nozzles for water associated with fountain fittings for wells. 16. Marine production stand according to item 15, wherein the base is made with a hole, and the lower end of the body is made in the form of a threaded cylinder for screwing into the seabed. 17. Marine production rack according to clause 15, wherein the hull is equipped with horizontally positioned corrective engines. 18. Offshore ice-resistant production floating platform interconnected with a wellbore, comprising a cylindrical body with technological equipment for oil production, a residential unit and a control station, equipped with an ice-breaking device and an anchor system, characterized in that the body is made heated and the perimeter is lower the base is an ice-breaking device in the form of inclined heated icebreakers, in addition, the platform is equipped with pontoons mounted on telescopic racks, and the anchor system It executes a vintoprisosnyh anchors. 19. Offshore ice-resistant mining floating platform according to claim 18, characterized in that it has a small-sized associated gas-fired TPP. 20. Offshore ice-resistant mining floating platform according to claim 18, characterized in that it is interconnected with an ice-resistant floating tank. 21. An ice-resistant floating tank containing a housing, a product pipeline for communication with an oil producing object, an ice breaking device, means for fixing the tank to the ground, characterized in that the housing is made heated, and in the lower part along the perimeter of the base there is an ice breaking device in the form of inclined heated ice breakers, and the means for attaching the tank to the soil is made in the form of screw-anchor system with means for holding the tank, while the tank is equipped with a mechanism for tensioning a reservoir for holding, formed as a screw drive, which moves the slide, coupled to the means for holding the tank. 22. An anchor for floating structures in the sea, mainly floating platforms for the extraction of oil and / or gas, comprising a housing made with the possibility of deepening into the seabed, and means for holding floating platforms, characterized in that the teeth are made on the end surface of the housing, and in the housing there is a hole in which a cylinder with a thread is installed on the outer surface for screwing into the seabed and exhaust valves. 23. Anchor according to claim 22, characterized in that the means for holding the platform is connected to the cylinder by means of a lock interacting with the cable. 24. Anchor according to claim 22, characterized in that the means for holding the platform is made in the form of a chain with floats. 25. Anchor according to item 22, wherein the means for holding the platform is made in the form of articulated steel rods with floats. 26. Anchor according to claim 22, characterized in that the formwork is fixed to the housing. 27. Anchor according to claim 26, characterized in that the formwork is fixed to the housing by means of extensions with floats. 28. The anchor according to p. 26, characterized in that the lower end of the formwork is located at the top of the teeth of the housing. 29. Anchor according to claim 22, characterized in that it is provided with a casing pipe concreted in the well passing through a threaded cylinder.