RU80574U1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF LIQUID OIL PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for determining the rheological parameters of liquid petroleum products can be used to determine the filterability coefficient of diesel fuel by the method of GOST 19006-73. The apparatus contains a vertically fixed calibrated tube, inside of which a rod with a rigidly fixed float is aligned coaxially with the beam, the lever of which acts as an optical relay, which interacts non-contact with optocouplers forming pulses corresponding to the upper and lower levels of the test fluid at the expiration of a given dose (linear movement of the float) through the filter unit, with registration of the expiration time. In this case, the fluid is supplied to the calibrated tube via a siphon tube under the influence of expansion of softly heated air. The automatic test progress, air heating, registration of the measurement of the expiration time and calculation of the numerical value of the filterability coefficient are provided by the software control unit and are reflected by the alphanumeric information device. 6 c.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The device is designed to determine the rheological parameters of liquid petroleum products, in particular, to determine the filterability coefficient, and can be used in the oil refining industry to control petrochemical processes and in the automotive industry to provide high-quality fuel to internal combustion engines.

Filtration - the movement of a fluid through a porous medium, accompanied by the deposition or deposition on the filter of particles suspended in them, in particular, for diesel fuel of foreign inclusions. The filtration rate is proportional to the so-called hydraulic slope (gradient); the proportionality coefficient in this dependence is called the filtration coefficient. The rate of fluid filtration during laminar flow through a porous septum and sediment deposited on it is determined by the formula:

where Δρ is the pressure drop in the filtering partition and the sediment layer, n / m ² ;

μ is the dynamic viscosity of the filtrate, n · sec / m ² ;

r _about - resistance per unit volume of the porous sediment, 1 / m ² ;

δ is the thickness of the sediment layer, m;

R _F.p. - the resistance of the filter septum, referred to the unit of viscosity, 1 / m;

R is the total filtration resistance, referred to the unit of viscosity, consisting of the resistance of the sediment and the filtering partition, 1 / m.

In industrial practice, the study of the operational properties of a fluid by determining their fluidity is carried out by measuring the flow rate by the duration of the expiration of a given amount of fuel when passing through a limited passage, for example, pipes or holes.

The adopted diesel fuel test method according to GOST 19006-73 establishes the determination of the filterability coefficient by changing the throughput of the filter moistened with the test product with successive passing of certain amounts of fuel through it, while the outflow is carried out in a laminar, vertically directed, free-gravity flow of liquid from top to bottom. For the filterability coefficient K, the ratio _{of the} filtration time τ ₂ of the last 2 cm ³ after 45 cm ^{3 of} fuel is taken to the time τ _{1 of the} filtration of primary 2 cm ^{3 of} fuel calculated by the formula:

The arithmetic average of two definitions is taken as the final test result.

The filterability coefficient refers to the operational indicator of the quality of diesel fuel and characterizes the degree of contamination of the fuel with foreign inclusions that impede the supply of fuel in the power system during operation of a diesel engine. The permissible filterability coefficient K for diesel fuels is not more than 3, preferably not more than 2.

Known devices for determining the physical properties of liquid media:

- comprising a housing with two chambers of different diameters separated by a partition with pistons, the cavities of which are connected by a capillary, the measurement of the properties is carried out by counting the time of extension of the stem of the smaller piston at a predetermined value and finding the value of the property index according to the values applied to the rod, the gradation of which corresponds to a certain length of time of its extension [ Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 1562770, IPC G01N 11/08];

- comprising a housing with two chambers connected by a capillary enclosed in a thermostat, one of which is equipped with a thermometer, and the other is a pressure sensor and a piston connected to a micrometer screw connected to an electromechanical drive, which allows the micrometer screw to rotate and the piston to move through the clutch and gearbox, causing the fluid flow in the capillary with a constant volumetric velocity, while the value of the fluid property index is determined using a pressure sensor according to the pressure drop in the capillary [Auth. testimonial. Czechoslovakia No. 255132, IPC G01N 11/04];

- comprising a housing with a working chamber equipped with pressure sensors, a piston moving in the chamber, kinematically connected to a micrometer screw with a drive, a thermostat located between the microspherical screw and the piston with transitional and spherical elements, linear piston displacement indicators and the control unit [RF Patent No. 2022242, IPC G01N 11/08].

Known devices have certain disadvantages: a lot of manual operations in determining the desired value; the complexity of their design, due to the need to use several chambers and connecting capillaries; mechanical piston drives for compressing and moving the test fluid or micrometer screws with a drive; the impossibility of forming a regime of laminar fluid outflow, which provides a standard method for determining the filterability coefficient.

Known devices for determining the parameters of liquid media, equipped with automatic means of registration and calculation:

- for measuring viscosity directly in working containers with liquid, containing a hollow chamber with a capillary located in its lower part, a tube attached to the upper part of the chamber, located on the outer surface of the tube of two level sensors electrically connected to the registration unit, made in the form of reed switches, spaced and connected to the chronometer, a second capillary connected at one end to the upper part of the tube, the other end of which is immersed in the analyzed liquid, floating located inside the hollow chamber, mechanically connected to the rod, and a magnet located on the rod, made with the possibility of movement inside the tube having connections through taps to a source of compressed air, atmosphere and a second capillary [RF Patent No. 2029938, IPC G01N 11/06] ;

- for measuring viscosity, containing a measuring capillary, on which two optocouplers are placed, connected by an amplifier to a pulse forming circuit characterizing viscosity, as well as a time meter and amplifier, made in the form of two channels for generating and stabilizing an information signal, each channel being connected to one of optocouplers, and the time meter is made in the form of a pulse counter and connected to the amplifier by means of a pulse-forming circuit characterizing viscosity [RF Patent No. 2080583, IPC G01N 11/0 6];

- to measure the viscosity and density of the liquid, containing a ball probe immersed in a liquid of a given radius and density of the material, a probe acceleration unit, a vertical component of the probe velocity and a probe return to the initial position, kinematically interacting with the ball probe when measured at the beginning of the movement and at the end of the movement when returning to its original position, and

a computing unit, the input and output of which is connected to the output of the meter of the vertical component of the speed of the probe and the input of the probe acceleration unit, respectively [RF Patent No. 2082153, IPC G01N 11/12, G01N 9/10].

Known devices, allowing automatic measurement and recording of fluid indicators, have the disadvantage that they do not provide a method for determining the value of the desired index, the filterability coefficient according to GOST 19006-73, are unsuitable for the formation of a laminar flow regime that provides a standard method for determining the filterability coefficient based on speed measurement expiration by measuring the duration of the expiration of a given amount of the test fluid through a limited passage calibrated measuring tube and filter with specified parameters.

The standard method for determining the filterability coefficient involves the use of a laboratory apparatus of the UOFT type — a device for determining the filterability of fuel (or a device of the PFDT type — an instrument for filtering diesel fuel), which includes a vertically mounted measuring tube with a specified size and a calibrated glass tube with risks that limit the volume of 2 cm ³ , and a separatory funnel or flask for supplying 45 cm ^{3 of the} test fuel to the calibrated measuring tube, which is tightly installed in the filter a unit containing a filter baffle (filter) made of BFDT filter paper according to GOST 12068-66, having a screening fineness of not more than 3 μm and a thickness (0.33 ± 0.03) mm pre-moistened with the test product, and an outlet valve. In production conditions on such a fragile glass device, all operations, including heating the fuel to the test temperature, are carried out manually, using a wrist stopwatch, it is started - stopped, visual inspection of the passage of the level of outflowing fuel through

glass graduated measuring tube through risks and countdown of the expiration time, which requires laboratory operating conditions of the device [GOST 19006-73].

Such an apparatus has low accuracy in determining the filterability coefficient, since the measurement of the duration of filtration of the primary and final doses, set in quantities of 2 cm, with a countdown by the risks of a calibrated measuring tube, is performed visually (accompanied by the influence of parallax) by the operator (laboratory assistant) by switching on and off a manual stopwatch, it requires a certain voltage both when counting and fixing the filtration time, and when calculating (calculating) the filterability coefficient by the formula.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a simple and reliable design of the apparatus, which allows, in automatic mode, with sufficient accuracy and reliability, to determine the value of the rheological parameter of the liquid, to obtain the results of measuring the filterability coefficient, ensuring the use of the standard (GOST) method for determining the filterability coefficient of fuel diesel.

The technical result is a reliable and not complicated metal design of a device for determining the filterability coefficient of diesel fuel, which provides measurement of the filtration time of a given amount of fuel and calculates the filterability coefficient, in accordance with the state standard, in automatic mode, with advanced control capabilities, and easy to use.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that the device is made of metal, contains a measuring unit with a vertically exposed calibrated metal tube having radial grooves to fill the tube with the test liquid, and inside the calibrated tube, a float floating on

of the liquid surface, the vertical position of the rod is fixed by a guide liner located in the lower part of the tube having a central hole for free axial movement of the rod made of antifriction material, preferably fluoroplastic, the upper part of the rod is pivotally connected to the beam, forming a kinematic connection with the float, rotation of the beam around the axis is provided by the vertical movement of the float inside the calibrated tube, on one lever of the rocker arm there is an adjusting counter c, which ensures, when the beam is rotated around the axis, contactless interaction of the optical relay located on the other lever of the beam, with pulse-forming optocouplers of the linear displacement indicator of the level sensor, electrically connected to the timer of the software control unit, equipped with a controller with a program for controlling the determination of a given liquid quality indicator by recording the duration of the fluid flow from the upper to the lower position of the float and the calculation of the numerical values of the desired parameters of - quality index test fluid, and the calculator, whose input is connected to the output level of the sensor indicator, a visual display unit the alphanumeric information and the acoustic radiator. At the same time, the primary dose of liquid is poured into the calibrated tube through the primary dose supply unit directly into the tube; for supplying a secondary dose of liquid to the calibrated tube, the device is additionally equipped with a liquid supply unit having a receiving vessel, a siphon feeder in the form of a siphon tube connected to the atmosphere by an air heater with an electric heating element connected via pneumatic channels to a receiving vessel, from which the liquid is supplied via a siphon the tube under a short-term soft smooth action of a mass of liquid statically equilibrium directed through pneumatic channels

air heater, the electric heating element of which is electrically connected to the control unit, the flow of the test fluid from the calibrated tube is carried out through a blank filter unit with a calibrated hole through the outlet valve, sealed below the calibrated tube.

The apparatus can be adapted to determine other rheological parameters of fluids using measurement methods based on the flow, for example: pumpability, viscosity as a technical viscometer. To determine the viscosity in arbitrary units, which is the ratio of the time of the expiration of a certain amount of the test liquid to the time of the expiration of the same amount of distilled water, in the filtering unit the septum is replaced by a drain pipe (“capillary”) with a strictly calibrated hole, after graduating the program control unit (controller - calculator) by the time of expiration of reference liquids with known viscosity values.

The technical solution of the device is illustrated by examples of its implementation. The drawings show:

figure 1 - structural-functional diagram of the device;

figure 2 is a General view of the device: a) is a front view; b) - side view;

figure 3 - measuring unit with level sensor, section;

4 is a node supply of the test fluid.

The device includes: filter unit 1, exhaust valve 2, measuring unit 3, calibrated tube 4, radial grooves 5, guide insert 6, level sensor 7, float 8, rod 9, rocker 10, counterweight 11, optical relay 12, optocouplers 13 (upper and lower, upper optocoupler is shown in Fig. 3), electronic components board 14, primary dose supply unit 15, feed unit 16, secondary dose supply unit 17, receiving vessel 18, siphon feeder 19, air heater 20, electric heating element 21 pneumatic channels 22 and 23,

valve cover 24, passage channel 25, limit switch 26, program control unit 27, linear displacement indicator 28, calculator 29, device for visual display of alphanumeric information 30 and acoustic emitter 31.

The device when determining the coefficient of filterability of diesel fuel according to the method of GOST 19006-73 works as follows.

By turning on the apparatus in the receiving vessel 18 of the nutrient block 16, through the funnel, pour the test fuel in an amount of 45 cm ³ , and through the primary dose supply unit 15 into the calibrated tube 4 of the measuring unit 3, pour the primary volume of the test person through radial grooves 5, through the funnel fuel, until the “level upper” and “120 sec” entries appear on the display device 30, which corresponds to an empirically determined time of 120 seconds of impregnation - filter wetting. At the same time, the siphon feeder 19 and the internal volume of the air heater 20 are connected to the atmosphere, after which the valve cover 24 is closed, which is fixed by the limit switch 26, which is electrically connected to the program control unit 27. This completes the manual operations, then the device operates in automatic mode.

After starting the device by pressing the "start" button and opening the exhaust valve 2, the test fuel expires from a vertically exposed calibrated tube 4 through the filter unit 1, while the timer with the quartz generator of the software control unit 27 measures the expiration time — filtration time τ _{1 of the} primary 2 cm ^3, the fuel filter assembly through the filter 1. in the initial moment of timing the float 8 is in the upper position, which corresponds, in kinematically associated shaft 9 the system (float 8) -koromyslo 10, upper Assumption optical relay 12, contactlessly engages the top photocoupler 13 level sensor 7, electrically connected to the linear displacement indicator 28 of control unit 27. The work coordinate system is provided

adjustment by means of a counterweight 11, taking into account the vertical movement of the rod from the upper to lower positions of the float 8, corresponding to the outflow of a liquid volume of 2 cm ³ from a calibrated tube ³ , required by the standard method for determining the filterability coefficient of diesel fuel. The vertically axial movement of the float 8 inside the calibrated tube 4 is provided by a guide insert 6 fixing the vertical position of the rod 9. When the liquid level decreases as a result of its outflow from the calibrated tube 4, the float 8 moves from the upper to the lower position, the optical relay 12 in turn moves to the lower position, the contactless interaction of the optical relay 12 with the lower optocoupler 13 corresponds to the end of the countdown recorded by the linear displacement indicator 28, - the time The optical relay 12 from the upper to the lower position is the required time (duration) of filtering τ _{1 of the} primary 2 cm ^{3 of the} test fuel. At the end of the countdown, the program control unit 27 issues a command to prepare and perform a measurement of the filtration time τ _{2 of the} secondary dose. The electric heating element 21 of the air heater 20 of the feeding unit 16 is briefly supplied with voltage, the heated air expands through pneumatic channels 21 and 22 and the passage channel 25 of the secondary dose supply unit 17, with its soft smooth short-term effect on the mass of liquid in the receiving vessel 18 fills the siphon feeder 19 with liquid , bringing the siphon into operation, due to which the test liquid enters the calibrated tube 4, while the electric heating element 21 is turned off. During the expiration of the secondary dose from the graduated tube, a countdown (duration) of filtering τ _{1 of the} last 2 cm ^{3 of the} test fuel from the volume of 45 cm ³ is performed, corresponding to the time the float 8 moves from the upper position to the lower one, recorded by the linear displacement indicator 28 by means of non-contact optical interaction

relay 12 with optocouplers 13. Further, the measured values of the filtering time (duration) τ ₁ and τ _{2 are} mathematically processed in calculator 29, the value of the index of the filterability coefficient K for a given diesel fuel is calculated (accurate to the second decimal place), the values of all three indicators K , τ ₁ and τ ₂ are displayed on the device for visual display of alphanumeric information 30.

The progress of the work and its results, depending on the state, are displayed on a two-line display of the device 30 as a combination of verbal and digital information with the following contents: “beginning of analysis” and “lower level”, “upper level” and “120 sec”, “ upper level ”and“ press start ”,“ upper level ”and“ open the tap ”,“ medium level ”and“ determination of τ ₁ ”,“ lower level ”and“ fuel supply ”, ₁₀ “ upper level ”and“ filtration 45 cc . cm ”,“ average level ”and“ determination of τ ₂ ”,“ lower level ”and“ analysis completed ”, the final result of the numerical values“ K ”and“ τ ₁ / τ ₂ ”, as well as, if necessary:“ close the lid ”,“ Add fuel ”, while the conditions requiring surgical intervention of the laboratory assistant (operator) are accompanied by sound signals of the acoustic emitter 31.

The device is reliable and easy to operate. Power consumption does not exceed 15 VA, voltage 220 V, frequency 50 Hz. The mass of the equipment is not more than 13 kg, the dimensions in working condition do not exceed 0.25 × 0.25 × 0.75 m. The body, components and units of the device are metal, mounted on a single metal support, the device is portable, easily transported, it is installed for operation in anywhere.

Claims (7)

1. A device for determining the rheological parameters of liquid petroleum products, containing a vertically mounted calibrated tube, with the possibility of measuring the expiration time of a given volume of liquid and determining the desired parameters by calculation, in the lower part of which there is a filter unit with a baffle, equipped with a tap, and a vessel for pouring the test liquid characterized in that, inside the calibrated tube on a coaxially exposed rod, a float floating on the surface of the test liquid is rigidly fixed The upper part of the rod moving in the calibrated tube is kinematically connected to the beam, the lever of which performs the function of an optical relay that fixes the upper and lower positions of the float, additionally contains a level sensor with two pulse-forming optocouplers that contactlessly interact with the optical relay, a control unit equipped with a control program the process of determining a predetermined indicator of a fluid, including an indicator of linear displacements, electrically connecting the optocouplers with a timer of the program control unit a detector registering the duration of fluid flow from the upper to lower positions of the float, a calculator whose input is connected to the indicator output, a device for visual display of alphanumeric information and an acoustic emitter, and a feed unit for supplying fluid to a calibrated tube, including a siphon feeder connected to a siphon tube with receiving vessel, and an air heater connected to it through pneumatic channels. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical position of the rod is fixed by a guide liner located in the lower part of the tube having a central hole for free axial movement of the rod made of antifriction material. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on one lever of the rocker arm there is an adjusting counterweight, which ensures, when the rocker arm rotates around the axis, the contactless interaction of the optical relay located on the other lever of the rocker arm with pulsed optocouplers in the kinematic rod-beam linkage when vertical movement of the float, fixing its upper and lower positions. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that radial grooves are made in the wall of the calibrated tube to fill the tube with the test fluid. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric heating element of the air heater is electrically connected to the control unit. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is made of metal. 7. The device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the partition of the filtering unit is made blind with a calibrated hole, while in the program control unit the expiration time is graduated relative to reference liquids with known values of rheological parameters.