RU78715U1 - MANUAL GUILLOTINE FOR ARM Armature (PIROGYLOTINE) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Pyrogillotine, characterized in that the barrel, which consists of two parallel parts, is attached to the body along with the trigger mechanism and the bolt of the small arms: one serves as a continuation and base of the fixed knife (jaw) of the pyrogillotine, and the second as a smooth barrel channel, in which there is a breech with a chamber, a sleeve with a charge of gunpowder, in direct connection with the bolt, a trigger mechanism in the housing, while a rod made in conjunction with the design rests on the wad-seal of the cartridge with a charge of gunpowder th movable knife (jaw) .2. Pyrogillotine according to claim 1, characterized in that the design of the fixed knife has a buffer-compensator. Pirogillotine according to claim 1, characterized in that its body has a butt on a ball joint, supported by a spring recoil shock absorber.

Description

When carrying out emergency rescue operations related to natural or man-made disasters, explosions as a result of terrorist acts, you have to deal with emergency situations when you need to quickly, in a very short, short time, disassemble the blockages, in particular, cutting reinforcement - the skeleton of concrete structures.

The proposed utility model relates to the field of metal-cutting tools, which are designated in the technique by the class of guillotines (mechanisms of a movable knife), and is intended for chopping, quick disconnection of structural elements from steel reinforcement, wire, rods, as well as chopping of cables, cables and other flexible and rigid rod compounds; mainly as a means capable of carrying out operational work on the dismantling of rubble that arose as a result of disasters and in other emergency situations related to emergency rescue operations.

Several hand-held portable technical devices are known that are capable of performing work on the felling of bar structures.

Known, for example, mechanized nippers (RF Patent No. 93002861, publ. 09.10.1995), containing a housing with a handle in which a piston is mounted, moved by the pressure of the fluid supplied through the fitting, and loaded with a spring. The hollow piston rod through articulated joints with earrings is connected to the jaws, each of which is made in the form of a two-arm lever. The main disadvantages of the nippers are: their dependence on an external source of fluid supplied through the nozzle, the frequency of maintaining the desired pressure in the piston

design system, which takes a lot of time; the presence of a weak link in the design - the principle of articulated-connecting rod transmission of pressure energy of the current medium to the jaws of the nippers; the use of a fluid as a working fluid, requiring the presence of gaskets and other gaskets in the design, which reduce reliability, mechanical life, and KPD devices. The noted design flaws of mechanized wire cutters impose great limitations on their use in extreme situations.

Universal portable scissors are also known (RF Patent No. 21116872, publ. 08.10.1998), made in the form of a pair of knives, a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder control unit with additional structural elements that strengthen the cutting edges of the knives. The pressure energy drive to the knife-jaws of the scissors, like the well-known nippers, is based on the principle of articulated-connecting rod transmission. The main disadvantages of scissors that do not allow them to be quickly used for emergency rescue operations on blockages resulting from catastrophes are that an external source of fluid (working medium) is supplied by hoses from the tank through the nozzle to the hydraulic cylinders, and considerable time is spent on one cutting cycle (compression - unclenching of knives); the frequency of maintaining the desired pressure in the hydraulic cylinders; the need to pump hydraulic fluid on the principle of a jack; the limited length of the hoses makes it impossible to carry over long distances, which imposes restrictions on the work with portable universal scissors in extreme situations in hard-to-reach places; the presence of the principle of articulated-connecting rod transmission of working pressure to the jaws reduces them KPD

Known combined scissors MNGG-80, manufacturer (supplier) of JSC Aggregate, adopted for service in the field of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation (see description, magazine "Rescue Means. Fire Protection", published by RIA Security Industry, 2006), made in the form of a pair knives with

hydraulic cylinders in one housing having hose drives to hydraulic cylinders through which the working fluid is supplied from the compressor. The main disadvantages are the same as in the analogue (RF Patent No. 21116872, publ. 08.10.1998).

Known manual combi-scissors KNR-80, manufacturer (supplier) of JSC "Aggregate", adopted for service in the field of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation (see description, magazine "Rescue Means. Fire Protection", published by RIA Security Industry, 2006), which are made in the form of a pair of knives with hydraulic cylinders and a container for working hydraulic fluid, from which a handle for pumping hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic cylinders creates the necessary working pressure for cutting materials during repair, installation and rescue operations. In contrast to the analogues described above, the PRC-80 scissors are autonomous, otherwise they have the same disadvantages.

Closest to the claimed pyrogillotine in technical essence and the achieved result are portable pyrotechnic scissors described in patent application of the Russian Federation No. 94037614, publ. 10/08/1996, Portable pyrotechnic scissors contain articulated axes of the upper and lower knives; a spring-loaded pusher with a slider and a piston, placed in the housing and interacting through the axes, and two earrings with knives; the chamber associated with the supra-piston cavity and interacting with the trigger mechanism located in the handle body and having a trigger with a spring-loaded striker, a striker and a bolt with a spring-loaded lock in them; a pre-combustion chamber is made between the chamber and the over-piston cavity, which is located with the chamber in a separate housing and provided with a nozzle calibration hole connected through a gas divider to the atmosphere, and a spring-loaded pusher with a slider is equipped with a stop that interacts after the cutting process is completed with the damper support platform, made in the form of ring conical springs. it

the device is devoid of a number of disadvantages belonging to the above counterparts. It is autonomous and does not depend on external sources of energy necessary for cutting, cutting of bars; It can be used in many situations during emergency rescue operations. However, it contains a number of significant drawbacks that impose great restrictions on the production and use of known pyrotechnic scissors for their intended purpose.

In the well-known pyrotechnic scissors, the principle of cutting material samples, as in the above analogues, is based on the principle of extremely two-sided squeezing of the sample sections, which requires significant energy to destroy the structure of the sample. The cutting sponge of the scissors is set in motion by a crank mechanism, in which the earring plays the role of the connecting rod, and the two-arm lever (rocker) plays the role of the crank, one shoulder of which is the cutting jaw of the scissors. Such a design does not allow the effective use of shock phenomena during deformation by shear of the sample cross section, which can concentrate kinetic energy on the point cross section of the sample in the shortest time intervals. Therefore, such scissors are not able to cut rods, reinforcement, and even more so, a cable of a sufficiently large standard diameter used in the manufacture of reinforced concrete blocks and other structures in construction equipment for short periods of time.

It is known that crank mechanisms are very sensitive and unstable to shock phenomena at the dead point: articulated bearings are destroyed, connecting rods, cranks, etc. are torn. Therefore, the design of the pyrotechnic scissors, taken as a prototype, has low reliability and low mechanical resource. In addition, the structural elements of the handle and damping parts project a vibration shock on the hands of the worker during cutting of the material by the pyrotechnic method, which reduces the state of health of the joints of the hands of the worker.

After the shot, as combustible powder gases pass through the pre-combustion chamber, the calibration hole of the first nozzle of the over-piston cavity, the calibration hole of the second nozzle, powder gases, due to expansion and heat transfer to the body, lose a significant part of their kinetic energy, which leads to a rapid drop in gas pressure on the working elements scissor designs. In addition, the working pressure of the powder gases, achieved after the difficult trajectory of the rear stop of the spring-loaded pusher, spends part of its energy on compressing the pusher spring, and only after that the pusher drives the slider, which decomposes the main pressure of the powder gases through the hinge into two pressure components: one is on the axis of the earring (connecting rod), and the second is perpendicular to the axis of the earring; the earring through the hinge at its second end transfers the projection of pressure on the axis of the two-arm lever (rocker), after which the working shoulder-jaw of the scissors performs the cutting work. Such a long chain of energy transfer of the explosion of powder gases to the working parts of the scissors leads to a large loss of energy, which will certainly affect the low efficiency of the prototype.

The task that the utility model is aimed at is: to create a manual pyrogillotine structure that performs the dissection of rod structures by an effective type of deformation — by shifting the sample cross-sections in a plane perpendicular to its axis by applying to the cross-section almost instantly concentrated shock of powder gases; to minimize the chain of transfer of powder gases to the jaws of the guillotine; increase the efficiency of a utility model; build damping structural elements that reduce recoil when fired without reducing the efficiency of the device; create a device with a trigger mechanism, the reliability and safety of which has been verified by long experience in the use of small arms; to simplify and increase the reliability, safety and mechanical resource during the operation of the guillotine;

To solve this problem, the useful device proposed in the application includes a barrel consisting of 2 parts, one of which serves as the base and extension of the fixed knife, the second is a smooth-bore muzzle channel for the passage of combustible powder gases and the rod of the movable knife, which, when reciprocating, makes cutting reinforcement.

Working jaws, providing almost instant redistribution of shock reactions to a specific sample section and section shear strain, divide the reinforcement along the section, realizing the technological chain of transfer of energy of powder gases to a minimum directly: charge-wad-rod with a movable knife (jaw), which increases the efficiency .

The buffer-compensator at the end of the fixed knife and the butt on the ball joint, which has a spring-damping device, which after a shot reduces the impact force on the worker’s shoulder and allows the useful device to take the necessary position in space when working.

A case consisting of parts: breech block, trigger and lock-bolt mechanisms, fuse mechanism, cartridge case with powder charge, detonator caps, cylinder liner, trigger, the actions of which have been verified by long experience in their application, and which simplify the design of the pyrogillotine, increasing reliability, reliability, safety and mechanical resource during its operation.

The technical result consists in the simplicity of the design of the proposed pyrogillotine, its reliability and convenience when used in emergency situations, which allows to quickly cut reinforcing bars of standard diameters, to disintegrate concrete blocks, piles, which helps to speed up the dismantling of debris resulting from accidents and disasters.

Between the signs and the achieved technical result, there is the following causal relationship. The design of the device is such that a barrel consisting of 2 parallel parts is attached to the small arms body: one serves as the continuation and base of the fixed knife, the second as the smooth-bore muzzle of the barrel, in which there is a breech with a chamber, a sleeve with a charge of gunpowder, located in direct connection with the shutter, the trigger mechanism in the housing; on the wad (cartridge seal with a charge of gunpowder), a rod is supported, made at the same time with the design of a movable knife, which allows, after a gunpowder explosion, to directly transmit a large momentum of kinetic energy to the movable knife and cut off the armature located in the throat of the movable and fixed jaws; the presence of an elastic buffer at the end of the fixed jaw allows you to quench the excess kinetic energy after cutting reinforcement.

The comfort of using the device is achieved by the fact that it has a movable butt on a ball joint with a damper, which allows you to adjust the force and direction of the projection of the recoil when fired onto the worker’s shoulder.

The execution of the active part of the pyrogyllotine in the form of a smooth barrel with a chamber of the reciprocating mechanism of the rod movement, directly connected with the powder charge, makes it possible to create the necessary pressure at very short intervals to move the rod, which is in close contact in the throat with the reinforcement sample and to dismember the sample .

The proposed utility model is illustrated in the drawing, where the figure shows a General view of the device.

The pyroguillotine device for cutting reinforcement consists of a body with a fuse 21, a shutter with a locking mechanism 22 (in the figure, the trigger and lock-bolt mechanisms, as well as the mechanism

fuse in details not shown), barrel 13, which is made in the form of a fixed knife (jaw) 5 with a buffer-compensator 1 and smooth-bore channel-barrel with breech part 14, in which there is a cartridge case-sleeve 20, a cutout for the bottom of the sleeve 19; when charging the device, a cartridge sleeve 16 with a charge of gunpowder 17, a wad-seal 15 and a detonator capsule 18 is inserted into the sleeve 20; in the smooth-bore muzzle hole of the bore 13 there is a chamber 10 of the reciprocating mechanism for moving the rod 7 with the spring of the return mechanism 9, which is locked by screwing into the throat of the muzzle of the muzzle cup 8 of the spring stop of the return mechanism 9; the rod 7 is made in the form of a solid rod at the same time with the design of a movable knife (jaw); on the rod there is a stop-saddle 11 for the spring 9 of the return mechanism; the muzzle opening is connected to the atmosphere by the exhaust pipe of the exhaust powder gases with a muzzle silencer 12; rod 7, it is a pusher, in the charging phase it relies on the wad-seal 15, which after the shot is removed along with the cartridge 16; on the continuation of the fixed knife, starting from its tide-attachment 6 to the body of the barrel 13 of the device there is a plane 2, 31 of the reciprocating movement of the movable jaw 4 on the fixed 5, which ends with an emphasis-buffer 1 of elastic material (having an elastic structure); the throat of the movable and the throat of the fixed knives 3, into which the reinforcement 3 sample for cutting is placed in the idle phase, are combined; the body of the pyrogillotine ends with the butt 30 on the ball joint 28 in the cage 29; the ball joint is the head of the rod 27 of the recoil shock absorber, which in the chamber 23 of the spring recoil shock absorber ends with a stop-saddle 25 resting on a spring 24 resting against the bottom of the chamber 23 against the second end; the camera 23 is locked by a lid 26, bolted to the back of the body of the pyrogillotine; for the convenience of holding the pyrogillotine in the desired position during operation, the pyrogillotine is equipped with two handles: the first handle 33 is removable, it is attached to the barrel with

using a screw 32, made in the form of a protrusion with a thread on the barrel 13, the second handle 36 is stationary, made integral with the body; there is a channel between the handles in the pyrogillotine case, where the trigger 35 exits, covered by a safety bracket 34; a belt is attached to the pyrogyllotine body for its transfer to the place of work (not shown in the figure); the mechanism for removing the cartridge case after the shot and the mechanism for reloading the pyrogillotine are not shown in the figure.

The device of the pyrogillotine for the reinforcement cabin is used as follows: if necessary, to dismember the reinforcement, the shutter of the charger 22 opens; an empty charge in the form of a cartridge 16 with a wad-seal 15, gunpowder 17, a detonator capsule 18 is sent to the chamber 20; the shutter is locked 22 and placed on the fuse 21; a sample of reinforcement for dismemberment is inserted into the throat of the 3 jaws of the device, and after removal from the fuse, a shot is fired by pressing the trigger. Powder gases compress the wad almost instantly and transfer pressure to the back of the head of the rod 7, which cuts the reinforcement due to the extreme deformation of the shear of the cross section of the sample with its movable jaw 4. The excess kinetic energy of the impact of the rod 7 on the reinforcement 3 is partially dissipated in the chamber 10 of the reciprocating movement of the rod 7 and upon an inertial impact of the movable knife 4 on the buffer 1. After the exhaust powder gases exit through the silencer 12, the spring 9 returns the rod 7 together with the wad 15 to the sleeve 16, the sleeve with the wad is removed by the ejector from the chamber 20 and the pyrogillotine is recharged if necessary. The recoil energy during the shot is partially dissipated in the shock absorber 23 of the butt, partly in the shoulder and hands of the worker.

Direct transfer of the energy of the powder gases from the cartridge to the place of reinforcement cutting provides a high efficiency of the pyrogillotine.

Claims (3)

1. Pyrogillotine, characterized in that the barrel, which consists of two parallel parts, is attached to the body along with the trigger mechanism and the bolt of the small arms: one serves as a continuation and base of the fixed knife (jaw) of the pyrogillotine, and the second as a smooth barrel channel, in which there is a breech with a chamber, a sleeve with a charge of gunpowder, in direct connection with the bolt, a trigger mechanism in the housing, while a rod made in conjunction with the design rests on the wad-seal of the cartridge with a charge of gunpowder th movable knife (jaw). 2. Pirogillotine according to claim 1, characterized in that the design of the fixed knife has a buffer-compensator. 3. Pirogillotine according to claim 1, characterized in that its body has a butt on a ball joint, supported by a spring recoil shock absorber.