RU77429U1 - DEVICE FOR DYNAMIC RESEARCHES OF SEISMIC STABILITY OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a testing technique. Primary area of application: testing of buildings and structures for earthquake resistance and determining the residual resource during their certification.

1. A method for dynamic studies of the seismic resistance of buildings and structures, including the excitation of vibrations of the test object at natural frequencies, the registration of vibrations using sensors installed on the building or structure, the conversion of mechanical signals into electrical ones with subsequent processing of the obtained data.

2. A device (technical complex) for studying the earthquake resistance of buildings and structures, including a vibration exciter, a control system, vibration recording devices, sensors installed on the object under study that convert mechanical vibrations into an electrical signal, and sensor signal recording equipment.

The invention consists in that:

1. The impact on the object is carried out by seismic waves excited by surface sources of seismic vibrations, installed at a certain distance from the test object, and from the real-time recorded forced oscillations of the foundation and the building object itself, the vibration frequencies of the test object are selected, based on the analysis of which dynamic dynamics is estimated characteristics of the test object - a building or structure and a conclusion on earthquake resistance and residual life.

2. The causative agent of vibrations, made in the form of a vibra-pion-pulsed source of seismic vibrations (for example, electro-hydraulic) installed on the ground (base) at a certain distance from the studied object, geophones (accelerometers) installed on the studied object and connected to the unit for recording signals of geophones.

Description

The invention relates to a testing technique. Primary area of application: testing of buildings and structures for earthquake resistance and determination of residual life during their certification.

The urgency of the problem is caused by the activation of natural earthquake-resistant activity in many regions of the Russian Federation and technogenic seismic activity. These circumstances require the improvement of methods and tools for diagnosing earthquake resistance in operation of construction sites, as well as the development and creation of new technologies in the practice of developing and erecting new building structures.

Known methods of dynamic testing of buildings and structures, the general essence of which is the pulsed effects of individual sources of different operating principles (mechanical shocks, energy blows of explosives), the mechanical effects of which are applied directly to certain zones (points) of the tested objects with subsequent registration and processing of response vibration signals in certain structural elements of buildings and structures.

The principal main differences between the known methods and means of testing are the designs of pulsed exciters of oscillations and instrumentation and methods for processing the signals of electrical sensors. Known methods and devices are described in patents RU No. 2104308, class. G01M 7/02 of 02/10/98; RU No. 20111174, class G01M 7/00 from 04/15/94; RU No. 2141635, class G01M 7/00 from 03/30/99

The common main disadvantages of the known technical solutions is that disturbing impulse effects on the tested construction objects (buildings, structures) are carried out by single sources, acting directly on individual points of the object elements, causing response vibrations, especially in the nearest areas. In more remote areas, the pulse intensity naturally attenuates and shifts in phase. In addition, the factor that a seismic wave acts on a building or other construction object through its foundation and throughout its length is not taken into account. Therefore, it is impossible to consider adequate the impact on the object of a point pulse in any zone of the object and the action of the front of seismic waves. Therefore, it is impossible to consider ultimately reliable estimates of the real seismic resistance of the tested construction object by research using known methods described in the above patents. In addition, the shock pulse excitation devices used are not only “the simplest”, but also far from perfect,

primitives (patent No. 2141635): it is very problematic to implement a controlled spectral composition and duration of a shock pulse using a bag filled with granular material and elastic matched gaskets in the accumulation mode of response signals with sufficient reliability.

The inventive method and device for dynamic studies of the earthquake resistance of buildings and structures are devoid of these disadvantages, having the advantages of known methods and devices for dynamically assessing the earthquake resistance of buildings and structures and increasing the reliability of assessing their earthquake resistance.

The invention consists in that:

1. The impact on the object is carried out by seismic waves excited by surface sources of seismic vibrations, installed at a certain distance from the test object, and from the real-time recorded forced oscillations of the foundation and the building object itself, the vibration frequencies of the test object are selected, based on the analysis of which dynamic dynamics is estimated characteristics of the test object - a building or structure and a conclusion on earthquake resistance and residual life.

2. The causative agent of vibrations, made in the form of a vibrational-pulsed source of seismic vibrations (for example, electro-hydraulic) installed on the ground (base) at a certain distance from the studied object, seismic receivers (accelerometers) installed on the studied object and connected to the registration unit of the signals of the geophones.

In this way and device, a close to natural, or man-made, seismic impact on the tested buildings being operated and put into operation is recreated and the reliability of the assessment of their seismic resistance is increased.

The attached figure schematically shows a device (technical complex) for studying the earthquake resistance of buildings and structures. The device includes a surface exciter of seismic vibrations 1, for example, electrodynamic or pneumatic, installed at a certain distance from the test object 2, a control unit and power supply 3 by the exciter of vibrations 1 via communication line 4, of the seismic receiver 5 for recording response signals to seismic effects installed on the foundation object in the area of direct proximity to the surface of the soil or on the ground (mainly two-component, perceiving horizontal and vertical natural oscillations), sensors (accelerometers) 6 mounted on the elements of the test object reference unit 7 and recording seismic signals 5 and sensors 6, communication lines 8, 9 and 10.

The described device operates as follows. On block 7, the minimum level of impulse action necessary and sufficient to receive response signals from geophones 5 and sensors 6 is set, then a command signal is sent from block 7 to the control unit 3 of the exciter of seismic vibrations 1, the force acting on the soil excites the seismic wave, signals from geophones 5 and sensors 6 are recorded on the block 7. By repeating the pulses, if necessary, the sensor signals are accumulated. To identify the resonant frequencies of the elements of the studied objects, vibrational seismic vibrations are excited at fixed frequencies or when scanning frequencies in a wide range.

Claims (1)

A device (technical complex) for studying the earthquake resistance of buildings and structures, including an oscillation pathogen, a control system, vibration recording instruments installed at the object under study, sensors that convert mechanical vibrations into an electrical signal, sensor signal recording equipment, characterized in that the vibration exciter is made in the form of a vibratory-pulsed source of seismic vibrations (for example, electro-hydraulic) installed on the ground (base) on a specific the distance from the object under study, geophones (accelerometers) installed on the object under study and connected to the unit for recording signals of geophones.