RU77040U1 - UNIVERSAL MIXING-CHARGING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the production of industrial explosives (BB) for loading dry and flooded wells with non-waterproof explosives and can be used in blasting operations for mining on the earth's surface.

The essence of the utility model: a universal mixing and charging machine consists of bunkers of explosive components mounted on the vehicle chassis, a device for supplying explosives to the well, pipelines connected to an exhaust manifold of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, a catalytic converter, a tank of water, a device for producing a vapor-gas mixture , a tank with an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, a drum with a flexible hose with a foam-generating nozzle at one of its ends, a receiver, a steam-gas mixture flow switch dehumidifying mode and the loading wells, the explosive loading is carried out in a sealed polymeric sleeve is installed beforehand in the well or after its dehumidification.

1 Fig., 2 Head. item formulas.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of industrial explosives (BB) for loading dry and flooded wells with non-waterproof explosives and can be used in blasting operations for mining on the earth's surface.

Ammonium nitrate explosives are widely used in world and domestic explosive business due to their safety, low cost and ease of manufacture, but they have significant disadvantages:

- physical instability due to insufficient holding capacity of the granules of ammonium nitrate liquid fuel;

- low volumetric energy concentration at a bulk density insufficient for the effective destruction of rocks, especially at the bottom of the ledge;

- use only in dry wells due to the high solubility of ammonium nitrate in borehole waters.

Explosive products based on granular ammonium nitrate and liquid fuel are mainly manufactured directly at blasting sites in the process of loading wells with self-propelled mixing and charging machines on the chassis of vehicles of various carrying capacities. Mixing and charging machines include hoppers for dry and liquid explosive components mounted on a self-propelled chassis, a screw mixer with a drive, pumps and pipelines. Known mixing and charging machine, which is additionally equipped with a steam generator operating from the exhaust gases of a car engine, connected by a pipeline with a screw mixer, which allows to increase the charging density (1). The disadvantage of this machine is the lack of a device for draining waterlogged wells with the subsequent supply of ammonium nitrate explosives.

A known machine, which is equipped with a drive reversing drum with a hose placed on it and a foam-generating nozzle at its end, containers for water and a foaming agent with a hydraulic supply system. The hose is equipped with a flexible sleeve coaxially located in it, connected to a container for foaming substance, and the hose is connected to the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine (2), which allows drainage of waterlogged wells.

The disadvantage of this machine is the impossibility of producing and loading explosive wells due to the lack of bins for dry and liquid explosive components and a screw mixer.

The closest technical solution to the claimed utility model is a mixing and charging machine, on the chassis of the vehicle of which bins of components of explosives are installed, a device for supplying explosives to the well, a water tank, pipelines, an exhaust manifold of engine exhaust gases, a catalytic converter, a device for producing a gas-vapor mixture (3) adopted by the authors as a prototype. The disadvantage of the prototype machine is the lack of a device for draining waterlogged wells.

The technical task of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of blasting by expanding the field of use of non-water-resistant ammonium nitrate explosives, and the possibility of using existing mixing and charging machines for loading dry and flooded wells with loose nitrate-containing explosives.

The technical problem was solved by developing a universal machine consisting of bunkers of explosive components mounted on the vehicle chassis, a device for supplying explosives to a charged well, a water tank, pipelines, an exhaust manifold for engine exhaust, a device for producing a gas mixture, a catalytic converter, the chassis of which is additionally equipped with a tank with an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, a drum with a flexible hose with a foam-generating nozzle at one of its ends, a receiver, a flow switch gas-vapor mixture in the mode of drainage and loading of wells, while the loading of explosives is carried out in a sealed polymer sleeve, installed previously in the well before drainage or after drainage.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of a universal mixing and charging machine in the mode:

a) drainage of wells;

b) loading wells.

A universal mixing and charging machine consists of a self-propelled chassis on which there are bunkers of dry and liquid explosive components, a tank with water and a supply pipe, a catalytic converter, a steam-gas mixture chamber, a longitudinal screw mixer BB, a tank with an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, such as sulfanol, and its supply pipe, a drum with a flexible hose with a foam-generating nozzle at its end, a receiver. The car

equipped with a control panel, on which water level indicators, a temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the gas duct are displayed.

As an apparatus for producing a gas-vapor mixture, an ejector or a multi-section mixing chamber can be used in which the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine of the machine are mixed with finely sprayed water to form an equilibrium gas-vapor mixture of the required temperature and moisture content, determined by the flow rate of the supplied water.

The exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 1 of the machine through the exhaust manifold 2 are fed to the exhaust gas switch 3, from where the gas stream can be directed through two channels: through the standard system - through the muffler with spark arrester 4 to the atmosphere during transport mode, or to a special system - the neutralizer - gas-vapor mixture generator (NGPGS) when operating in the mode of drainage and loading of wells. The switching mechanism is controlled from the cab from the control panel.

The work of the mixing-charging machine in the mode of drainage of the well.

Tank 5 is filled with water, and tank 6 with an aqueous foaming agent solution. The machine is led to a water-filled well 7. A flexible hose 8 with a foam-generating nozzle 9 is fed through the drive of the drum 10 to the bottom of the well. Set the gas flow switch 3 to the position in which the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 1 are piped through the catalytic converter 11 into the chamber 12, where they are mixed with finely atomized water coming from the tank 5. The resulting vapor-gas mixture enters the receiver 13, from where it is sent through a pipe 18 connected to a foaming reagent supply pipe 19 and a flexible hose 8 to the foam nozzle 9. By adjusting the water supply through the valve 14, the optimum temperature is set Exhaust (40-60 ° C) at the outlet of the chamber 12, controlled by a temperature sensor 25. The supply of foaming agent solution in the conduit 18 is controlled cock 17. By mixing the aqueous solution of the foaming agent with the gas-vapor mixture is its heating. The resulting mixture through pipeline 8 is fed into the foam-generating nozzle 9. The heated mixture emerging from the foam-generating nozzle when it comes in contact with water at the bottom of the well creates a foam-gas pad. The foam gas cushion moves up the well under the action of the gas injected by the receiver and pushes water out of it. Due to foaming, accelerated removal of water and drill cuttings from the well occurs, which leads to its drainage. After draining the watered well, close the valve 17 for the supply of foaming agent,

include a drum drive 10 and a flexible hose 8 with a foam nozzle 9 is removed from the well 7.

The internal combustion engine during the drainage of the well operates in the mode of a gas generator. The permissible backpressure of the exhaust gases of the engine may be 1.5-2.0 kg / cm ² , which is enough to displace a column of water with a height of 15-20 m.

The work of the mixing-charging machine in the mode of loading the well.

The gas-vapor mixture from the receiver 13 through the switch 15 is directed with the open valve 20 through the pipe 21 and fed to the output of the feeder 22 of the screw mixer BB 23, from where the explosive mixture 24 enters the well 7, in which a sealed polymeric sleeve 26 of polyethylene is preliminarily installed over the entire depth of the well , polyamide or polypropylene. The polymer sleeve can be installed before or immediately after drainage of the well. The lower end 27 of the polymer sleeve is hermetically sealed in a known manner, and the upper end is connected to the charging funnel 28 installed at the wellhead. Under the influence of the elevated temperature of the gas-vapor mixture and the pressure head of the stream, wet heat treatment of explosives occurs (wet heat treatment of explosive ammonium nitrate) and formation of explosive charge of increased density in the polymer sleeve. Parameter control and switching of steam-gas mixture flows is carried out by the operator from the car cab. For this, the system is equipped with a control and control panel combined with the machine control panel.

The receiver is used to smooth out pressure fluctuations caused by a pulsating flow and intermittent flow rate of a gas-vapor mixture used to drain and charge wells in alternating mode.

The aforementioned equipment for drainage of wells and wet heat treatment of explosive composition speakers can be installed on existing mixing-charging and charging machines.

The main advantages of the claimed machine in comparison with the prototype machine is the loading of flooded wells with non-water-resistant nitrate-containing explosives with the formation of charges from them with increased charge density and energy intensity due to:

- installation of the receiver, the tank with an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, a drum with a flexible hose with a foam-generating nozzle at one of its ends allows you to use the inventive machine to drain waterlogged wells;

- loading of drained wells with non-water-resistant nitrate-containing explosives of high density into sealed polymer sleeves.

The main technical result - improving the efficiency of blasting - the physical stability of the borehole charge in terms of component composition, increasing the loading density, the use of non-water-resistant loose ammonium nitrate explosives for loading dry and flooded wells, the use of existing mixing-charging machines - was achieved by:

- preliminary drainage of the wells when using the thermal energy of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine of the machine, followed by the supply of the nitrate-containing explosives located in the bunker of the machine to the well with its heat treatment in the process of charging the gas mixture obtained using the thermal energy of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine of the same machine;

- the use of gas-vapor mixture for drainage of wells and heat treatment of explosives. The proposed machine can be considered universal, since it allows drainage of wells and their loading with non-water-resistant explosives of both dry and flooded wells using the same machine.

The technology of drainage of wells in combination with wet heat treatment of ammonium nitrate by the exhaust gases of an engine of a car of the same machine opens up prospects for the use of mixing-charging and charging machines for draining and loading wells with ammonium-salt explosive mixtures with the formation of a charge of a stable composition along the height of a higher density column regardless of the level of water cut rocks.

Information sources

1 USSR Copyright Certificate No. 471448.

2 USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1032111.

3 RF Patent No. 2211438.

Claims (3)

1. A universal mixing and charging machine consisting of bunkers of explosive components installed on the vehicle chassis, a device for supplying explosives to the well, pipelines connected to an exhaust manifold of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, a catalytic converter, a tank of water, a device for producing a vapor-gas mixture, characterized in that it further comprises a tank with an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, a drum with a flexible hose with a foam-generating nozzle at one of its ends, a receiver, a switch p current gas-vapor mixture in the dehumidification mode and the loading wells, the explosive loading is carried out in a sealed polymeric sleeve is installed beforehand in the well or after its dehumidification. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that as a device for producing a vapor-gas mixture, it contains a multi-section mixing chamber or ejector. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that as the polymer sleeves are used polyethylene, or polyamide, or polypropylene sleeves with a hermetically sealed lower end, fixed by the upper end to a charging funnel installed at the wellhead.