RU76455U1 - X-RAY ANALYZER OF COMPOSITION AND SPEED OF THREE-COMPONENT FLOW - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model can be used in the oil industry to control the flow rate of oil wells.

The proposed analyzer contains an X-ray tube with a power source, two X-ray mirrors, two groups of scintillation detectors, a multi-channel scintillation detector, control and orthogonal scintillation detectors, X-ray transparent inserts in the wall of the pipeline with a controlled gas-liquid medium, primary, secondary and orthogonal particle collimators, , secondary emitters, multichannel optical fibers, multichannel photoelectronic converters signal detector and the electronic control unit, which is composed of a calculator, the first and second signal processing units photoelectric converters and the control unit power supply.

In addition, the proposed analyzer includes a pressure sensor, a measuring transducer, a flow mode controller, timers, a discriminator, as well as a jet straightener and a gas-liquid flow normalizer.

The utility model allows, based on sensing a gas-liquid flow with low-energy X-ray radiation, to measure using a multichannel detector the relative volume content of its components by the degree of absorption of X-ray radiation by a controlled medium, and also to measure the density of this medium using orthogonal detectors by the degree of X-ray scattering.

In addition, the utility model makes it possible to determine the component-wise flow rate of an inhomogeneous gas-liquid flow using two cross-sectional detectors based on the cross-correlation method for measuring velocity, as well as measure the component-wise flow rate of a homogeneous gas-liquid flow using a heavy metal nanoparticle injector.

If necessary, the analyzer can, taking into account the information received from the pressure sensor, calculate and transmit information on external systems

nominal volumetric flow rate of oil.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the accuracy of measuring the velocity parameters of a gas-liquid flow and the mass content of its components, the ability to control the speed of homogeneous flows, and also to reduce the instrumental error in measuring the parameters of a controlled environment.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to measuring technique and can be used in the oil industry to control the flow rate of oil wells.

Known analyzers of gas-liquid flow parameters based on the irradiation of a controlled stream with a gamma-ray beam (see patent RU 2301985, IPC G01N 9/24 and RF patents for utility model 35892, IPC G01N 9/24 and 37222, IPC G01 N23 / 00).

Known analyzers contain a gamma radiation source, for example, a radioisotope source of gamma rays, a primary collimator designed to form a gamma radiation beam at the output of the radioisotope source, a scintillation gamma radiation detector and a photoelectric converter designed to convert a gamma radiation beam transmitted through controlled medium, into an electrical signal, a secondary collimator, designed to form a gamma-ray beam at the input of the scintillation detector, and a calculator designed to determine the parameters of the gas-liquid flow from information on the degree of absorption of gamma radiation in a controlled environment.

The disadvantages of the known devices are low measurement accuracy and the need for continuous environmental monitoring.

The first of these drawbacks is associated with the high energy of gamma rays and becomes especially significant when controlling the flow of an oil-water-gas mixture, since the atomic numbers of the heaviest elements that make up oil and water — carbon (12) and oxygen (16) —are small differ in magnitude, and the absorption coefficient of gamma radiation by individual components of a controlled environment depends mainly on the atomic numbers of the elements that make up these components. In this regard, the differences in the absorption of high-energy radiation by water and oil differ slightly from each other, which makes it difficult to accurately determine the component composition

controlled environment.

The second disadvantage of the known devices is explained, firstly, by the high energy of gamma radiation and, secondly, by the inability to suspend the radiation of a radioisotope source during non-working periods of the device’s life cycle: during storage, transportation and disposal. This circumstance significantly complicates the operation and disposal of known devices and requires continuous environmental monitoring.

The known X-ray analyzer of the composition of the gas-liquid flow based on the irradiation of the controlled medium with a low-energy X-ray beam is free from these drawbacks (see US Pat. No. 5689540, IPC G01№23 / 22, G01№23 / 06, G01№23 / 087).

This analyzer contains a housing, an X-ray source, an X-ray tube, an X-ray tube power supply, primary collimators for generating X-ray beams at the output of the X-ray tube, scintillation X-ray detectors, secondary collimators for generating X-ray beams at the input of scintillation detectors, photoelectronic signal converters of scintillation detectors, as well as a computer intended for ny for determining the liquid flow of the information parameters from the photoelectric converters and for controlling the source of X-ray tube power supply.

A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to determine the speed and flow rate of a gas-liquid stream.

This disadvantage is caused by the fact that informative signals about the state of the gas-liquid flow generated by X-ray detectors are not related to the flow velocity parameters, but depend only on the relative content of the flow components and the composition of each component.

Also known is an X-ray analyzer of the composition of the gas-liquid flow, based on the sequential irradiation of a three-component medium containing oil, water and gas with two levels of x-ray radiation: high-level radiation and low-level radiation (see US patent No. 2007/02 91898A1, IPC G01№23 / 06, G01F 1/66).

This analyzer contains a casing, an x-ray source, an x-ray tube, a controlled x-ray tube power supply, measuring and control scintillation x-ray detectors, x-ray transparent inserts installed in the casing, primary and secondary collimators, and a volume and mass content calculator for the components of the controlled medium.

A disadvantage of the known analyzer is the inability to determine the component flow rate of a gas-liquid stream.

These disadvantages are absent in the closest to the proposed utility model in terms of technical nature and the achieved result of the known x-ray analyzer of the composition and velocity of the three-component flow (see US patent 6, 097, 786, IPC G01№23 / 06).

This analyzer is taken as the closest analogue (prototype) of the proposed utility model.

The known analyzer uses two different measurement methods.

To measure the component composition of the gas-liquid flow, the method of X-ray sensing of a controlled medium using a low-energy X-ray source - X-ray tube was used. Information about the component volume composition of the controlled medium is generated in a known analyzer by measuring the degree of attenuation of x-ray radiation as it passes through the controlled medium, where it is absorbed and scattered. The degree of attenuation is measured by scintillation detectors that convert x-rays to visible light. Optical signals from the outputs of the detectors are converted into electrical signals using photoelectronic converters and fed to an electronic unit, which includes modules for processing the mentioned electrical signals, a gas-liquid flow parameter calculator, and an X-ray tube power supply control module.

In this method, the output signal of each scintillation detector depends on the energy of the x-ray radiation transmitted through the controlled medium and is a function of the volume component composition of this medium, which

allows you to calculate the relative volume content of each component of the controlled stream.

To measure the velocity of a gas-liquid flow, a cross-correlation method is used, in which the data for calculating the velocity are formed as a result of x-ray irradiation of the controlled stream in two different zones sequentially located in the direction of flow, and control of x-rays transmitted through the controlled stream in each of the mentioned zones , using the second and first scintillation x-ray detectors, sequentially installed in the direction of gas-liquid flow. The method allows one to calculate the velocities of one or several components of a gas-liquid flow based on information generated by the second and first scintillation detectors by detecting a local inhomogeneity of its composition moving with the flow velocity and measuring the local inhomogeneity moving time from the second to the first scintillation detectors.

The composition of the known analyzer includes a low-energy X-ray generator — an X-ray tube, an X-ray tube power supply, primary collimators designed to form X-ray beams at the output of the X-ray tube, a housing representing a section of a pipeline intended for the flow of a controlled medium, and X-ray transparent inserts installed in the wall of the housing, the first and second scintillation detectors designed to receive x-ray radiation exercises passed through X-ray transparent inserts and a controlled environment, single-channel photoelectronic converters, for example, ionization chambers, each of which is designed to convert an optical signal from the output of the corresponding scintillation detector into an electrical signal, secondary collimators designed to form x-ray beams at the inputs of scintillation detectors, and an electronic unit, which includes a calculator, a control module and processing modules electrical signals designed to convert electrical signals from the outputs of photoelectronic converters into a measuring

information on the component volumetric composition and speed of the controlled flow, as well as for controlling the power supply of the x-ray tube. Scintillation detectors and an x-ray tube of the known analyzer are mounted on opposite sides of the housing, the first scintillation detectors being installed in the plane of the cross section of the housing passing through the axis of radiation of the x-ray tube, and the second scintillation detectors are installed in front of the first detectors in the direction of flow.

The known analyzer allows you to calculate the relative volume content of the components of the gas-liquid flow based on the measured parameters of the absorption of x-ray radiation in a controlled environment; In addition, the well-known analyzer allows you to calculate the velocity parameters of a gas-liquid flow using the cross-correlation method by measuring the speed of movement of the local heterogeneity of the composition of the controlled medium.

The disadvantages of the known analyzer include:

- a significant error in the measurement of velocity parameters of the gas-liquid flow;

- low accuracy of measuring the mass content of the components of the controlled environment;

- the inability to control the flow rate that does not contain significant local heterogeneities in the composition of the controlled medium;

- high instrumental error in the measurement of the parameters of the controlled flow, caused by the spread in magnitude and drift in time of the transmission coefficients of individual single-channel scintillation detectors and individual single-channel photoelectronic converters.

The first drawback of the known analyzer - a significant error in measuring the velocity parameters of the gas-liquid flow - is caused by differences in the method for determining the location of a moving local heterogeneity of the composition of the controlled medium by the first and second scintillation detectors. The first detectors perceive x-ray radiation crossing the body in a plane containing the x-ray radiation axis

tube, and determine the location of the local heterogeneity of the flow in relation to this plane, orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the housing. However, the second detectors, located downstream of the first, receive x-ray radiation crossing the case at a certain angle to the plane of its cross section, and, therefore, determine the location of the same local inhomogeneity with respect to not some orthogonal, but to some inclined plane. This leads to ambiguity in determining both the configuration and the location of the local flow inhomogeneity and does not make it possible to unambiguously fix the time instant of the inhomogeneity passing past the first and past second scintillation detectors, which leads to a significant error in the calculation of the flow velocity by the cross-correlation method.

It should be noted that to reduce the specified error in the prototype provides an embodiment using an additional x-ray tube mounted in the plane of the second scintillation detectors. However, this solution, despite the significant complication of the design of the known device, does not significantly reduce the mentioned error due to the inevitable difference between the spectra, intensities and temporal drifts of the radiation of two x-ray tubes.

The second drawback of the known analyzer, the low accuracy of measuring the mass content of components of a controlled environment, is caused by the fact that the degree of absorption of x-ray radiation by a controlled medium is ambiguously related to the density of the medium and cannot be reliably used as an informative parameter for determining the mass content of its components.

The third drawback of the known analyzer, the impossibility of controlling the flow rate that does not contain significant local heterogeneities in the composition of the controlled medium, is caused by the fundamental inoperability of the cross-correlation method in the absence of heterogeneities detected by the X-ray fluorescence method in the controlled flow.

The fourth drawback of the known analyzer is the high instrumental

the error in measuring the parameters of the controlled flow is caused by a spread in the transmission coefficients of individual single-channel scintillation detectors and individual single-channel photoelectronic converters both in nominal values and in the values of time and temperature drifts. This scatter leads to uncontrolled differences between the amplitudes of the signals at the output of both individual single-channel scintillation detectors and individual single-channel photoelectronic converters of the known analyzer and creates an unrecoverable additional instrumental measurement error.

The objective of the proposed utility model and its technical result is to increase the accuracy and reliability of measuring the parameters of the gas-liquid flow, including the mass content of the components of the stream and the speed of homogeneous flows.

To solve this problem, the design and composition of the elements of the x-ray analyzer of the composition and velocity of the three-component flow were changed.

The analyzer includes a housing, in the wall of which the second and first X-ray transparent inserts, an X-ray tube with a power source, the first and second primary collimators with several collimating holes in each, the first and second secondary collimators with several collimating holes in each, are installed successively in the flow direction first and second detectors, first and second photoelectronic converters and an electronic unit. The electronic unit includes a calculator, a first and second processing module, and a control module, each of the first detectors being optically connected to a corresponding first photoelectronic converter, each of the second detectors being optically connected to a corresponding second photoelectric converter, and the computer is connected to an input of a control module connected to the power source.

In the claimed device, new in relation to the prototype is that, according to the utility model, the first and second x-ray mirrors, the third x-ray transparent insert installed in the body wall after the first x-ray transparent insert in the direction of flow, are additionally introduced into it

primary and third secondary collimators with several collimating holes in each, third detectors, first, second, third and fourth multichannel fibers, control detectors and secondary emitters, fourth detectors and orthogonal collimators, and a metal particle injector.

Orthogonal collimators are installed at right angles to the axis of radiation of the x-ray tube, and control detectors are installed so that the straight line connecting the center of each of them with the center of radiation of the x-ray tube does not intersect the body.

In addition, a discriminator, a pressure sensor and a measuring transducer, a jet rectifier and a normalizer, a mode controller, as well as the first and second timers are introduced into the analyzer. In this case, the first detectors are combined into a first multichannel detector, and the first and second multichannel photoelectronic converters are used as the first and second photoelectronic converters. The calculator is additionally equipped with two multi-channel inputs and a multi-channel input-output, and the first and second processing modules are each equipped with an additional input and an additional output, a corresponding secondary radiator is installed in front of each of the detectors of the first multi-channel detector, and a corresponding orthogonal collimator is installed in front of each fourth detector. The flow straightener and the normalizer are installed inside the housing sequentially in the direction of flow in front of the second radiolucent insert, the pressure sensor is installed in the wall of the housing. The output of each of the detectors of the first multi-channel detector and the output of each of the control detectors is connected to the corresponding channel of the first multi-channel fiber, the output of each of the second and the output of each of the third detectors is connected, respectively, to the corresponding channel of the second and the corresponding channel of the third multi-channel fibers, the output of each of the fourth detectors connected to the corresponding channel of the fourth multichannel fiber. The outputs of the first and the outputs of the fourth multi-channel optical fibers are each connected to the corresponding inputs of the first multi-channel photoelectronic converter, connected by its outputs to the corresponding inputs

the first processing module using multichannel information communication, the outputs of the second and the outputs of the third multichannel optical fibers are each connected to the corresponding inputs of the second multichannel photoelectronic converter, connected by its outputs to the corresponding inputs of the second processing module using multichannel information communication. In this case, the discriminator is connected to the multichannel input-output of the calculator using two-way multichannel information communication, the mode controller and the measuring transducer are each connected to the corresponding multichannel input of the calculator using the corresponding multichannel information communication. An additional output of the first processing module is connected to the input of the mode controller, and an additional input of the first processing module is connected to the output of the first timer, an additional output of the second processing module is connected to the input of the discriminator, and an additional input of the second processing module is connected to the output of the second timer; a pressure sensor is connected to the input of the transmitter. In this case, the input of the first and the input of the second timers are each designed to be connected to external systems, the multi-channel input-output of which is designed to exchange information with the computer via two-way information communication. The orthogonal collimator contains collimating holes, the depth of each of which is significantly larger than the diameter, and the axes are parallel to each other and orthogonal to the axis of radiation of the x-ray tube. The secondary emitter is a tube made of heavy metal, for example, gadolinium, installed in the hole of the first secondary collimator. The metal particle injector is designed to feed (before the second X-ray transparent insert in the direction of flow) into the controlled flow of fine particles of a heavy metal, for example, platinum, and is made in the form of a cylinder filled with a suspension containing the said particles. A supply mechanism is installed in the cylinder, which is equipped with an electric drive connected to a pulse generator connected to the calculator.

The device and operation of the proposed analyzer are illustrated in Fig.1 - Fig.10. Figure 1 presents the functional diagram of the analyzer, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the housing in a plane containing the axis of radiation

x-ray tube, figure 3 is a functional diagram explaining the operation of the analyzer when measuring speed, figure 4 is a graphical dependence of the attenuation coefficients of x-ray radiation on the radiation energy, figure 5 is a temporal sequence of optical pulses caused by x-ray photons with different energies, in Fig.6 is a graphical dependence of the flux density of x-ray photons on their energy at several values of the supply voltage of the x-ray tube, Fig.7 is a graphical dependence of the flux density of ren -ray photons of their energy in the presence and in the absence of platinum nanoparticles in a controlled flow, in Figure 8 - a longitudinal section of the injector of metal particles, in Figure 9 - its cross section, as in Figure 10 - an example of setting of the injector of metal particles in the housing.

The following designations are introduced in the Figures: 1 - case, 2,3 and 4 - first, second and third radiolucent inserts, respectively, 5 - x-ray tube, 6 and 7 - first and second mirrors, respectively, 8, 9 and 10 - first, the second and third primary collimators, respectively, in each of which collimating holes are made, 11 is the first multichannel detector, 12 and 13 are the second and third scintillation detectors, respectively, 14.15 and 16 are the first, second and third secondary collimators, respectively, in each of which collimating rstiya, 17 - fourth scintillation detectors, 18 - orthogonal collimators, 19,20,21 and 22 - first, second, third and fourth optical fibers, respectively, 23 - control scintillation detectors, 24 - secondary emitters, 25 - first photoelectric converter, 26 - first processing module, 27 - second photoelectronic converter, 28 - second processing module, 29 - calculator, 30 - control module, 31 - electronic unit, 32 - mode controller, 33 - power supply, 34 - external systems, 35 - metal injector particles, 36 - pressure sensor, 37 - measure converter, 38 — suspension, 39 — rotary disk, 40 — rotary disk axis, 41 — worm, 42 — electric drive, 43 — pulse generator, 44 — oil seal, 45 — gasket, 46 — discriminator, 47 — first timer, 48 - the second timer, 49 - straightener, 50 - normalizer.

The proposed analyzer contains a housing 1, which is a segment of the pipeline with flanges at its ends, designed to connect the housing 1 to the external highway.

X-ray transparent inserts are installed in the wall of the housing 1: the first, second and third inserts 2, 3, and 4, for example, ring-shaped, made of beryllium.

The low-energy X-ray tube 5 is installed in such a way that its radiation axis is directed toward the first insert 2 along its diameter. Opposite the second and opposite the third inserts 3 and 4, are located, respectively, the second and first mirrors 7 and 6, each of which is installed in relation to the plane of the cross section of the housing at a certain angle.

At the output of the x-ray tube 5, first, second, and third primary collimators 8, 9, and 10 are installed, respectively, with several fan-shaped diverging collimating holes in each. In this case, the second primary collimator 9 and the third primary collimator 10 are located in front of the first and in front of the second mirrors 6 and 7, respectively. The collimating holes in each of the collimators 9, 10 are made in such a way that the axes of each of them are directed relative to the plane of the cross section of the housing at a certain angle. The orientation angle of the mirrors 6 and 7 and the orientation angle of the collimating holes of the collimators 9 and 10 are selected so that the x-ray beams reflected by the mirrors intersect the body in the planes of the inserts 3 and 4, respectively.

The analyzer also includes the first multichannel detector 11 and the second and third detectors 12 and 13, respectively, at the input of each of which the corresponding first, second and third secondary collimators 14, 15 and 16 are installed, respectively, each of which contains several collimating holes , the axis of each of which is directed from the center of radiation of the x-ray tube 5 to the center of the corresponding detector, while the number of said holes is equal to the number of corresponding detectors. In addition, the analyzer includes two fourth detectors 17, two orthogonal collimators 18, each of which is installed in front of one of the fourth detectors 17, as well as the first, second, third, and fourth optical fibers 19,20,21 and 22, respectively. In the plane of installation of the first multi-channel detector 11

control detectors 23 are also located, and in each, except for two extreme openings of the first secondary collimator 14, one of the secondary emitters 24 is installed, which is a collimating tube made of heavy metal, whose characteristic line is located in the low-energy part of the hard X-ray range, for example, gadolinium or gold.

Each control detector 23 is mounted so that a straight line connecting its center with the center of radiation of the x-ray tube 5 does not intersect the first insert 2, i.e. passed outside the housing 1, and each of the orthogonal collimators 18 is located in the plane of installation of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 so that the axis of its collimating holes are at right angles to the axis of radiation of the x-ray tube 5.

The output of each of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11, the output of each of the control detectors 23 and the output of each of the fourth detectors 17 are connected to the corresponding channel of the first fiber 19, the output of each of the second detectors 12 is connected to the corresponding channel of the second fiber 20, and the output of each of the third detectors 13 is connected to the corresponding channel of the third fiber 21.

The first optical fiber 19 and the fourth optical fiber 22 are each connected with their outputs to the corresponding inputs of the first photoelectronic converter 25, the output of which is connected by multichannel information communication with the input of the first processing module 26, and the second and third optical fibers 20 and 21, respectively, are each connected with their outputs to the corresponding inputs the second photoelectronic converter 27, the output of which is connected by multi-channel information communication with the input of the second processing module 28.

The output of the first and the output of the second processing modules 26 and 28, respectively, are each connected to the corresponding input of the calculator 29, the output of which is connected to the control module 30, and the additional output is connected to the pulse generator 43. The calculator 29, the first and second processing modules 26 and 28, respectively, and the control module 30 are part of the electronic unit 31.

The proposed analyzer also contains a mode controller 32, the output of which is connected using multi-channel information communication to

the corresponding multi-channel input of the calculator 29, and the input is connected to the additional output of the first processing module 26, and the power supply 33 of the x-ray tube 5, the input of which is connected to the output of the control module 30.

The calculator 29 contains an output connected to the input of the control module 30, and can be equipped with an additional output and two-way information communication for exchanging information with external systems 34.

Inside the housing 1, before the second insert 3, an injector of metal particles 35 is installed in the flow direction, and a pressure sensor 36 is installed in the wall of the housing 1, connected to the input of the measuring transducer 37 connected to the corresponding multichannel input of the calculator 29 using multichannel information communication.

An injector 35 of metal particles is installed inside the housing 1 in its diametrical section before the second insert 3 in the direction of flow and is intended to supply heavy metal particles to the controlled flow. The metal particle injector 35 may include an actuator connected to the electric drive and mounted inside a cylinder filled with a suspension 38 containing finely dispersed particles of a metal powder, for example, platinum, gold or lead powder; the composition of the suspension may also include oil, water and a plasticizer, ensuring the consistency of the suspension in the entire range of operating temperatures of the proposed analyzer. The said cylinder is made oval in cross section and, to reduce hydraulic resistance, is installed in the housing so that the major axis of the oval coincides with the longitudinal axis of the housing. Rectangular openings are made in the cylinder wall. The actuator of the injector 35 is equipped with disks mounted in such a way that part of each disk is inside the container, and part protrudes through the said hole beyond. Since the actuator must be located inside the flattened balloon, all rotary disks are installed in the plane of its longitudinal section passing through the major axis of the oval (see Fig. 8). Each of the rotary disks 39 is a worm wheel mounted on an axis 40, which is meshed with a cylindrical worm 41 (see Fig. 9). The worm 41 is connected to a step electric drive 42 connected to a generator

pulses 43, the input of which is connected to the additional output of the calculator 29. To seal the worm 41 provides a gland 44.

An injector 35 of metal particles is mounted inside the housing 1 and mounted on this housing using a flange provided with a gasket 45 (see Figure 10).

The proposed analyzer also includes a discriminator 46 connected via two-way multi-channel information communication to the corresponding multi-channel input - the output of the computer 29. The input of this discriminator is connected to the additional output of the second processing module 28. In addition, the analyzer also includes a first timer 47, the output which is connected to an additional input of the first processing module 26, and a second timer 48, the output of which is connected to an additional input of the second processing module 28; the input of the first timer 47 and the input of the second timer 48 are each designed to be connected to external systems 34.

Inside the housing 1, in front of the metal particle injector 35, a straightener 49 and a normalizer 50 of the gas-liquid flow structure are installed in series with the flow direction.

The proposed x-ray analyzer of the composition and velocity of the three-component flow works as follows.

The flow of the controlled medium moving along the housing 1 with a speed W is subjected to preliminary processing in the jet straightener 49 and the normalizer 50. In the straightener 49, the gas-liquid stream is mixed in order to increase its structural uniformity and, above all, to eliminate local vortices and large single bubbles of associated gas . In the normalizer 50, partial laminarization and equalization of the flow rate are performed.

When a start signal is supplied to the calculator 29, for example, from external systems 34 via two-way information communication, from the output of the calculator 29 to the input of the control module 30 a command is received to turn on the power supply 33, which turns on and energizes the x-ray tube 5 with a voltage corresponding to the nominal power mode specified control module 30. As a result, the output of the x-ray tube 5 is excited and crosses

the controlled environment located in the housing 1, low-energy x-ray radiation, the beams of which are formed in each of the collimating holes of the first, second and third primary collimators 8, 9 and 10, respectively.

The mentioned primary collimators form three groups of x-ray beams, fan-shaped diverging from the center of radiation of the x-ray tube 5 in directions to the corresponding holes of the corresponding secondary collimator.

The first group of fan-shaped diverging beams is formed by the first primary collimator 8 and lies in the plane of the cross-section BB of the housing 1 containing the first insert 2 and the radiation axis of the x-ray tube 5;

the main part of the bundles of this group, with the exception of the two extreme bundles, crosses the housing 1 through the first insert 2, and the extreme bundles do not cross the housing 1 and pass through the air at opposite sides of the housing 1 (see Figure 2).

The second group of fan-shaped diverging beams is formed by the second primary collimator 9 and is directed towards the mirror 7. The beams reflected by the mirror 7 intersect the housing 1 in section AA containing the second insert 3.

The third group of fan-shaped diverging beams is formed by the third primary collimator 10 and is directed towards the mirror 6. The beams reflected by the mirror 6 intersect the housing 1 in section CC containing the third insert 4 (see Figure 3).

Each of the two extreme x-ray beams of the first group, formed in the extreme collimating holes of the first primary collimator 8 in section BB of case 1, falls, without crossing the case 1, into one of the extreme holes of the first secondary collimator 14, and, after formation in this hole falls onto the corresponding control detector 23. Each of the 8 x-ray beams formed by the first primary collimator lying in section BB of the housing 1, apart from the two extreme beams, intersects the first insert 2 and the controlled medium, Fill-body 1, reaches the corresponding secondary radiator 24 installed in the hole of the first secondary collimator 14, and after forming a collimated

the hole of this emitter, falls on one of the detectors of the multi-channel first detector 11.

In each of the control detectors 23 and in each of the detectors of the multi-channel first detector 11, an optical signal is generated corresponding to the intensity of the received x-ray radiation. Each of the generated optical signals is fed into the corresponding channel of the first fiber 19 and from the corresponding output of the last goes to the corresponding input of the first photoelectric converter 25.

Simultaneous transmission through the channels of the first fiber 19 of several optical signals generated by several control detectors 23 and several detectors of the multichannel first detector 11 makes it possible to use a single multichannel photoelectric converter — the first photoelectric converter 25 — for photoelectric conversion of these signals.

Such a technical solution allows to minimize the spread of conversion coefficients and the values of temperature and time drifts of several individual detectors and several individual photoelectronic converters and thereby minimize the corresponding instrumental error.

Each of the x-ray beams crossing the controlled medium in the plane of the first insert 2 is partially absorbed and scattered by this medium, which leads to a decrease in the flux density of x-ray photons incident on each of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 and makes it possible to evaluate the component composition of the absorbing medium along lines of intersection in terms of the degree of decrease in the photon flux density in comparison with the initial density of this flux.

To obtain more detailed data on the volumetric component composition, it is necessary to sequentially irradiate the controlled medium with low-energy X-ray beams that differ in energy level, while each level of X-ray energy is set by the corresponding voltage of the X-ray tube 5. If, for example, it is necessary to obtain how shown in Fig.6, three levels

energy of x-ray radiation, you should use three values of the supply voltage U ₁ , U ₂ and U ₃ , providing energy levels E ₁ (I _max1 ), E ₂ (I _max2 ) and E ₃ (I _max3 ), respectively, corresponding to the maximum values of flux densities photons I _max1 , I _max2 and I _max3 at the output of the x-ray tube 5. For this, the x-ray tube 5 is sequentially powered by voltages U ₁ , U ₂ and U ₃ from the power source 33 in accordance with the switching signals received at the input of this source from the control unit 30 when they receive the appropriate commands from the deduction splitter 29.

When a controlled medium is irradiated with X-rays of various energies in the hard X-ray range of 30-100 KeV, the nature of the absorption of X-ray photons by each of the components of the controlled medium changes.

This is because the degree of attenuation of x-ray radiation by a component of the controlled medium depends not only on the composition of this component, but also on the radiation energy, that is, it is a function of the energy of x-ray photons generated by x-ray tube 5 (see Figure 4):

μ is the linear attenuation coefficient of a component of a controlled X-ray medium with energy E;

E is the energy of x-ray radiation.

In the case of a fixed level of x-ray energy, the linear attenuation coefficient of the incident beam by a particular component of the controlled medium is a constant. So, for example, if you select a specific component and fix a certain level of radiation energy, then the value of the linear attenuation coefficient μ will be constant.

Thus, the dependence of the degree of attenuation of the photon flux density of a given energy by a specific component is determined by the effective linear size of this component along the direction of the corresponding x-ray beam (hereinafter, the effective thickness of the component):

Y (x) is the photon flux density at the input of the detector of the multi-channel first detector 11 when filling the housing 1 with a one-component controlled

environment;

I is the photon flux density at the input of the detector of the multi-channel first detector 11 in the absence of a controlled medium in the housing 1;

e - the basis of natural logarithms;

μ is the linear attenuation coefficient of x-ray radiation controlled environment;

x is the effective thickness of the controlled medium.

Denote the components of the controlled environment as follows: K ₁ - oil, K ₂ - water and K ₃ - gas.

If there are all three components on the path of the incident x-ray beam: oil, water and gas, expression (2) takes the form of a functional equation:

Y _m1 (t) is the current value of the photon flux density at the input of the detector with serial number m of the first multichannel detector 11 at a voltage U ₁ of the X-ray tube 5 and in the presence of a three-component controlled medium in the housing 1;

X ₁ , X ₂ and X ₃ are the effective thicknesses of the components K ₁ , K ₂ and K ₃ , of the controlled medium, respectively;

μ ₁ (E _q ), μ ₂ (E _q ) and μ ₃ (E _q ) are the linear attenuation coefficients of x-rays with a fixed energy E _{q by} each of the components K ₁ , K ₂ and K ₃ ,

I _m1 (t) is the current value of the photon flux density at the input of the detector with serial number m, which is part of the first multichannel detector 11, at a voltage U ₁ of the X-ray tube 5 and in the absence of a controlled medium in the housing 1;

t is the current time.

Subsequently, substituting into equation (3) the values of linear attenuation coefficients corresponding to several, for example, three, values of the radiation energy E _q = E ₁ , E _q = E ₂ , E _q = E ₃ , namely, the values of μ _i (E ₁ ) , μ _i (Е ₂ ) and μ _i (Е ₃ ), where i = 1,2,3, we obtain for each x-ray beam lying in the plane of the first insert 2, three systems of functional equations of the form (3) with three numerical unknowns x ₁ , x ₂ , x ₃ and three

functional unknowns μ ₁ (E _q ), μ ₂ (E _q ), μ ₃ (E _q ).

In the case when the current value of the parameter I _m1 (t) is known, that is, when it is continuously measured, when the specific value of the radiation energy E _q = E ₁ , E _q = E ₂ , E _q = E _{3 is} fixed, and also when 26 experimental dependences of linear attenuation coefficients on the radiation energy μ ₁ (E _q ), μ ₂ (E _q ), μ ₃ (E _q ) are stored in the memory of the first processing module; solving systems of functional equations of the form (3) in calculator 29 allows one to obtain values effective thicknesses x _1, x ₂ and x ₃ of each of the components K _1, K ₂ and K _3, respectively, along the line eresecheniya controlled environment one of the incident X-ray beams and thereby determine the volume fraction of each of these components in the cross section along the direction of controlled flow of said beam. After determining the effective thicknesses x ₁ , x ₂ , and x _{3 of} oil, water and gas, respectively, along each of the x-ray beams incident on one of the m detectors of the first multichannel detector 11, in the calculator 29, the validity of the obtained effective thickness values is checked, for What is the control condition used for:

- the length of the chord, tightening the arc of a circle of radius R along the corresponding x-ray beam;

R is the inner radius of the housing 1. For a central x-ray beam directed along the radiation axis of the x-ray tube 5, the length said chord is = 2R, for all other bundles it is less than the specified value: <2R.

The operations of solving the system of functional equations of the form (3) with respect to the desired quantities x ₁ , x ₂ and x ₃ are performed in the calculator 29.

The parameter I _m1 (t) of the mentioned functional equations characterizes the current value of the photon flux density at the input of the corresponding detector of the first multichannel detector 11 in the absence of a controlled medium in the housing 1.

Since the operation of the proposed analyzer controlled

the medium always fills the housing 1, it is very difficult to ensure the state “in the absence of a controlled environment”. At the same time, during operation of the proposed analyzer, the current value of the parameter I _m1 (t) can significantly change in magnitude relative to its nominal value, measured and entered into the memory of the first processing module 26 when adjusting the proposed analyzer.

A change in the current value of the parameter I _m1 (t) can occur, for example, due to wear of the cathode of the x-ray tube 5, a change in its supply voltage, a displacement of the spatial position of the x-ray tube 5 relative to the initial position, etc. In order to reduce the influence of these factors on the accuracy of measuring the composition, determining the current value of the parameter I _m1 (t) during operation is not a direct method - according to the information generated by the detectors of the first multi-channel detector 11, but indirectly - on the basis of information generated by the control detectors 23. In this case, it is taken into account that the transfer coefficients of the individual detectors included in the first multichannel detector 11 and the transfer coefficients of the control detectors s 23 in the case where their scintillating crystals belong to the same manufacturing batch, are virtually identical to one another in size and equally vary both in time and due to external destabilizing factors.

In this case

I _m1 (t) is the current value of the signal at the output of the detector with serial number m, which is part of the first multichannel detector 11, when the voltage U ₁ of the x-ray tube 5 is proportional to the current value of the photon flux density at the input of this detector in the absence of a controlled environment;

I _m1 is the initial value of said signal;

I _n1 (t) is the current value of the signal at the output of one of the two control detectors 23 at a voltage U ₁ of the X-ray tube 5, which is proportional to the current value of the photon flux density at the input of this detector;

I _n1 is the initial value of said signal;

t is the current time.

The numerical value of each of the signals I _n1 (t) and I _n1 in expression (5) is determined in the first processing unit 26 as the arithmetic mean of two optical signals, each of which is generated by one of the control detectors 23, is transmitted through the corresponding channel of the fiber 19 to the input of the first photoelectric converter 25 and, after optoelectronic conversion in this converter, is supplied in electronic form via multi-channel information communication to the input of the first processing module 26.

Since the x-ray radiation incident on each of the control detectors 23 crosses only the air medium, in which absorption and scattering can be neglected at radiation energies of more than 30 keV, the optical signals generated by these detectors do not depend on the composition of the transmission medium and are determined only by the characteristics of the x-ray radiation tube 5 and can be used as control signals I _n1 and I _n1 (t). The initial value I _{n1 of the} control signal is measured during the adjustment of the proposed analyzer and is entered into the memory of the first processing module 26. In addition, during the adjustment, the initial values of the signals I ₁₁ , I ₂₁ , ... I _m1 are measured and stored in the memory of the first processing module 26 , where m = 1,2 ..., 5, each of which corresponds to one of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 at a voltage U _{1 of the} supply of the x-ray tube 5. The signal values I ₁₂ , I ₂₂ , ... are also entered into the memory of the mentioned module. , I _m2 and I _13, I _23, ..., I _m3, corresponding eg zheniyam power U ₂ and U ₃ X-ray tube 5. In operation of the analyzer for the first processing unit 26 continuously receives information about the current value of the control signal output from each I _n1 (t) of the reference detector 23.

Based on this information, using the data stored in the memory of the first processing unit 26, the values of I _n1 and I _{m1 are} calculated in accordance with

expression (5), and the current value of the parameter I _m1 (t) is transmitted to the calculator 29. From (3) and (5) we have:

each of the designations corresponds to the designations adopted in expressions (3) and (5).

The parameters μ ₁ (E _q ), μ ₂ (E _q ) and μ ₃ (E _q ) of equation (6) are functional unknowns whose values are determined in the first processing module 26 based on the experimental data on the relationship between the linear attenuation coefficient μ of X-ray radiation with an energy E _q scaled by a reference energy value. The experimentally obtained graphical dependences of the linear attenuation coefficients of the X-ray radiation μ ₁ , μ ₂ , and μ _{3 by} each of the components of the controlled medium K ₁ , K ₂ , and K ₃ - oil, water, and gas, respectively, on the X-ray energy E are presented in FIG. four. As can be seen from these graphs, the above dependences are essentially nonlinear, therefore, for the correct solution of functional equation (6), it is necessary to take into account not only the integral characteristic of X-ray radiation — the flux density of its photons I, but also the differential characteristic — the distribution of X-ray photons by energy E.

The time distribution diagram of x-ray photons with different energies received by one of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 for a certain fixed period of time Δt = t ₂ -t ₁ is shown in Fig.5.

This diagram is a time sequence of non-amplitude-amplified optical pulses of various intensities J, each of which is formed by one of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 when a corresponding x-ray photon is incident on its input; the intensity J of such a pulse is proportional to the energy of the corresponding photon in the hard range of x-ray radiation.

With a sufficiently large number S of pulses generated by each of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 over a period of time Δt = t ₂ -t ₁ , in the first processing module 26 the differential characteristic of x-ray radiation shown in FIG.

the photon flux density I versus the photon energy E for each of the supply voltages U ₁ , U ₂ and U _{3 of the} X-ray tube 5. The time interval Δt during which the number S of said pulses is generated is usually called the exposure time.

For quantitative scaling of the qualitative relationships presented in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, it is necessary to generate a reference energy value using reliably determined parameters of x-ray photons. The reference energy value in the proposed analyzer is formed using secondary emitters 24.

Each secondary emitter 24 is a collimating tube mounted in the hole of the first secondary collimator 14, made of heavy metal with a pronounced characteristic line of the emission spectrum lying in the energy range 30-100 KeV, for example, gadolinium or platinum. Since for the operation of discriminator 46, in addition to the characteristic line formed by the secondary emitter, a different characteristic line formed by the metal particle of the injector 35 is required, it is necessary to use two different heavy metals, for example, gadolinium for discriminator 46 and platinum for injector 35.

When an x-ray beam passes through the aforementioned tube, the photons of the beam can excite the fluorescence of gadolinium atoms located in the surface layer of the collimating hole of the tube, accompanied by the appearance of secondary characteristic radiation. Fluorescence excitation occurs only when energy ω of exciting photons coincide with the energy of characteristic radiation or exceed it:

- Planck's constant;

ω is the circular frequency of exciting photons;

E _o is the energy of characteristic radiation.

The spectrum of characteristic radiation is ruled; the gadolinium characteristic line in this spectrum corresponds to the radiation energy

E _Gd = 42.996 KeV.

If the energy of exciting photons significantly exceeds the energy of characteristic excitation of gadolinium atoms:

then the flux density of characteristic photons with an energy level E _о significantly exceeds the flux density of photons with other energy values.

Therefore, when applying to the radiation of the x-ray tube 5, characterized by a continuous spectrum, of characteristic radiation having a linear spectrum, the character of the distribution I (E) of the flux density of x-ray photons in energy at the input of each of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 changes significantly (see FIG. 6) .

In the absence of characteristic radiation, the distribution of I (E) is a decreasing curve in the hard X-ray range, shown in Fig. 6 by a solid line.

In the presence of characteristic radiation with photon energy E = E _Gd in the mentioned distribution, a local maximum of the photon flux density l _Gd = I (E _Gd ), shown in Fig. 6, appears, where E _Gd is the excitation energy of gadolinium atoms. The level of this maximum significantly exceeds the highest level of photon flux density I _max1 for all other energy values that differ from the value of E _o :

I _Gd > I _max1 .

The occurrence of a local maximum of the photon flux density I _Gd at a characteristic value of E _о energy is explained by the fact that a significant number of primary X-ray photons distributed in a wide energy range from E _о to E _max are absorbed by gadolinium atoms, which generate a flux of the same number of secondary fluorescent photons concentrated in a very narrow energy region near the characteristic energy value E _o = E _Gd . Since all secondary photons cross only the air medium, in which absorption and scattering can be neglected, almost all of them reach the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 and provide at their inputs a high local photon flux density with a characteristic energy value E _Gd .

Each photon with an energy E _Gd absorbed by the detector of the first multichannel detector 11 corresponds to a light pulse generated by the output of this detector of intensity J _Gd (see Figure 5), transmitted through the corresponding channel of the first fiber 19 to the input of the first photoelectric converter 25, where it is converted into an electric pulse arriving via multi-channel information communication in the first processing module 26.

Since the intensity of the optical pulse and, accordingly, the amplitude of the corresponding electric pulse are proportional to the energy of the absorbed photon, it becomes possible to detect in the first processing module 26 the presence of photons with a characteristic value of energy E _GD by the frequency of occurrence of electric pulses of the same amplitude. The method for detecting said photons is illustrated by the time sequence J (t) of the optical pulses shown in FIG. 5.

Analysis of this time sequence shows that most often, in comparison with others, there are pulses of intensity J _Gd shaded in FIG. 5. These pulses correspond to characteristic photons with energy E _Gd and create on the curve I (E) (Fig.6) a local maximum of the photon flux density I _Gd at the point E = E _Gd .

The presence of a local maximum I _Gd allows you to objectively select from the total number of photons of different energies a group of photons with energy E _Gd and thereby designate on the axis of the energies E of the graph I (E), Fig. 6 an exact scale mark E _Gd = 42,996 KeV, which allows to reliably scale the whole graph I (E) by energy values.

Based on the foregoing, to solve equations 29 in the calculator 29, the numerical values of each of the parameters μ ₁ (E _q ), μ ₂ (E _q ) and μ ₃ (E _q ) for several fixed energy values are preliminarily calculated in the first processing module 26 E = E ₁ , E ₂ , ..., E _q , ..., each of which corresponds to a narrow energy band with a width of 2ΔE, containing at least the number s of photons, namely, numerical values

μ ₁ , μ ₂ and μ ₃ - linear attenuation coefficients of radiation, respectively, by oil, water and gas;

E _q is a fixed value of the radiation energy;

ΔЕ is the difference of two consecutive fixed values of the radiation energy.

Quantitative values of the parameters μ (E _q ) are calculated in the first processing module 26 on the basis of numerical data stored in its memory, corresponding to the experimental dependences of each of the coefficients μ ₁ , μ ₂ and μ ₃ shown in Fig. 4, and the radiation energy E. Moreover, to reduce the calculation error, when choosing numerical data, as narrow as possible energy bands with a width of 2ΔE are selected.

For reliable formation of each photon flux density averaged over an energy strip with a width of 2ΔE, it is necessary to obtain at least the number s = 100 photons during the exposure time Δt.

The numerical value of the exposure time Δt is selected and entered into the memory of the first timer 47, based on two conflicting conditions.

First, it should be as large as possible in order to ensure that each detector of the multichannel detector 11 absorbs a sufficiently large number S of X-ray photons, which is necessary for reliable calculation in the first processing module 26 of the average values of the photon flux density in each of the energy bands E _q ± ΔЕ in the energy range from 30 to 100 KeV.

Secondly, it should be as small as possible, so that the component composition of the controlled medium, continuously flowing through the controlled area of the housing 1, does not have time to change significantly during the exposure.

In accordance with these conditions, the exposure time is set based on the maximum speed of the controlled flow and the effective size of the controlled area:

Δt is the exposure time;

a is the effective size of the control area, equal to the size of the first insert 2 in the direction of the controlled flow;

W _m - the largest value of the longitudinal component of the speed controlled

flow.

To ensure the required accuracy of measuring the parameters of the controlled flow, it is necessary to determine the minimum possible exposure time sufficient to obtain reliable information about the component composition of the controlled flow. In turn, this time depends on the number S of X-ray photons with energies from 30 to 100 keV received by each of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11. Since, in accordance with (9), the numerical values of the coefficients are μ ₁ (E _q ), μ ₂ (E _q ) and μ ₃ (E _q ) characterizing the component composition of the flow are calculated in narrow energy bands with a width of 2ΔЕ, the number S is defined as the sum of the numbers s of X-ray photons with energies from (E _q -ΔЕ) to (E _q + ΔЕ) accepted by each of the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 for the minimum possible exposure time and, ie .:

S is the number of x-ray photons incident on each detector of the first multichannel detector 11 during the exposure time Δt;

q = 1, 2, 3, ... is a natural number equal to the ordinal number of the energy band;

s is the number of photons whose energies are in an energy strip 2ΔE _q wide. In practice, given the number s = 100,

The number S of X-ray photons specified in condition (12) shall be taken

each detector of the first multichannel detector 11 during the exposure time Δt, the smallest numerical value of which at the speed of the controlled medium W _m ≤10 _m / s and the longitudinal size of the first insert a ≤ 5 mm, in accordance with (10), is specified by the condition

Δt _min - the minimum possible exposure time, ensuring each detector of the first multichannel detector 11 receives the number S≥5 · 10 ⁵ X-ray photons. The numerical values of the parameters S and Δt _min given in inequalities (12) and (13), along with the number m of detectors of the first multichannel detector 11, completely determine the generation parameters of the X-ray tube 5, and, in addition, characterize the required information performance of the processors,

included in the first processing module 26 and calculator 29. When determining the composition of the controlled medium with a high gas content in the calculator 29, it is necessary to take into account the current values of P (t), since the pressure dependence of the linear coefficient μ _{3 of} attenuation of x-ray radiation by gas at high pressures in the housing 1 is very significant (see Figure 4). So, for example, if under normal climatic conditions: P ₀ = 1 at, T ₀ = 20 ⁰ C, the linear coefficient μ ₃ for gas is significantly less than the linear coefficients μ ₁ and μ ₂ for oil and water, respectively, then at pressure P (t) = 10-100 atm, the value of the coefficient μ ₃ becomes comparable with the values of the coefficients μ ₁ and μ ₂ . Therefore, at pressures P (t)> 10 atm in expression (6), instead of the coefficient μ ₃ (Е _q ) corresponding to normal climatic conditions, the coefficient μ ₃ (E _q , P, T) should be used, which corresponds to the actual value of the pressure of the controlled medium in case 1 at normal temperature T:

all symbols except μ ₃ (Е _q , Р, Т) correspond to the symbols used in expression (6);

μ ₃ (E _q , P, T) is the linear attenuation coefficient of X-ray radiation by component K ₃ (gas) at radiation energy E _q , pressure of the controlled medium P and normal temperature of the controlled medium T.

The values of the linear coefficient μ ₃ (E _q , P, T) are calculated in the calculator 29 for the time interval Δt _min = t ₂ -t ₁ , and the signals about the time t _{1 of the} beginning of the calculations and the time t _{2 of the} end of the calculations are fed to the additional input of the first the processing module 26 from the output of the first timer 47, into the memory of which from the external systems 34 the numerical value of the parameter Δt _min corresponding to inequality (13) was entered, and transferred to the calculator 29 from the output of the first processing module 26. For these calculations, the stored from the calculator 29 from outwardly systems 34 experimentally obtained numerical data on the dependence of the linear coefficient μ ₃ E _q of the radiation energy at several fixed values of pressure P at the normal temperature T (see FIG. 4), reference data on the values of

compressibility factor β ₃ , as well as measuring information about the current pressure values P (t) generated by the pressure sensor 36, digitized in the transmitter 37 and transmitted to the calculator 29 via multi-channel information communication from the output of the said transmitter.

The solution of functional equation (14) for each of the three values U ₁ , U ₂ , U _{3 of the} supply voltage of the X-ray tube 5 and for each of m = 1,2, ... 5 X-ray beams received by the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 is carried out in calculator 29 during the exposure time, Δt _min , corresponding to inequality (13).

The set of solutions of functional equations (14) for various voltage values U = U ₁ , U ₂ , U _{3 of the} power supply of the X-ray tube 5 for each of m = 1,2, ... 5 X-ray beams can be obtained in the computer 29 and transmitted via the corresponding two-sided multichannel information communication into external systems 34 detailed quantitative information on the relative content in volume units of each of the three components of the controlled medium: oil, water and gas over the entire cross-section of the controlled stream:

V ₁ (t) is the current value of the volume fraction of the component K ₁ (oil);

V ₂ (t) is the current value of the volume fraction of the component K ₂ (water);

V ₃ (t) is the current value of the volume fraction of the component K ₃ (gas);

t is the current time.

To obtain data on the component composition of the controlled medium in mass units, it is necessary to use additional information that is generated by the fourth detectors 17.

The optical signals taken from the outputs of the fourth detectors 17 are generated by these detectors under the influence of scattered x-ray radiation, which is secondary radiation resulting from elastic scattering of the primary radiation of the x-ray tube by a controlled medium 5. The scattered x-ray radiation is directed mainly at large angles to the direction primary radiation, close

to right angles. Therefore, mainly scattered radiation is incident on each of the fourth detectors 17 mounted in the plane of the location of the first insert 2 on a line normal to the radiation axis of the x-ray tube 5. To completely eliminate the possibility of the input of the fourth detectors 17 of the primary radiation of the x-ray tube 5, an orthogonal collimator 18 is installed in front of each of them, containing several collimating holes, the axes of which are parallel to each other and directed at right angles to the axis of radiation of the x-ray tube 5, and the depth of each hole significantly exceeds its diameter:

b / d≫1, where

b is the depth of the collimating hole;

d is the diameter of the collimating hole.

Since the intensity of the scattered radiation in the hard X-ray energy range up to 100 keV is determined mainly by the density of the scattering medium and weakly depends on the intensity of the primary radiation of the X-ray tube 5, the optical signal generated by each of the two fourth detectors 17 is proportional to the current value of the average density p (t ) controlled environment.

After conversion to an electric digital code, the signal is sent to a computer 29, where, based on the received information about the current value of the average density p (t) of the controlled medium and previously calculated data (15) on the current values of the volume fractions of each of its components, the current values of the relative the content of each of the components of the gas-liquid flow in units of mass:

M ₁ (t) is the current value of the mass fraction of the component K ₁ (oil);

M ₂ (t) is the current value of the mass fraction of the component K ₂ (water);

M ₃ (t) is the current value of the mass fraction of the component K ₃ (gas);

t is the current time.

The current values (16) of the mass content of the components are necessary for determining in the calculator 29 the current values of the component-by-mass flow rate Q _M1 (t), Q _M2 (t) and Q _M3 (t) of each of the three gas-liquid components

flow - oil, water and gas, respectively.

Since, in addition to the current value of the mass fraction of oil M ₁ (t), it is traditionally customary to estimate the oil production rate also in volume units (barrels), the nominal volume fraction of oil is determined in calculator 29, i.e. volume fraction reduced to normal climatic conditions. To calculate the current value of the nominal volume fraction of oil in the calculator 29, additional information on the current value of the pressure P (t) of the controlled medium generated by the pressure sensor 36 is used, transmitted from the output of this sensor to the input of the measuring transducer 37 and from the output of the latter via multi-channel information communication - to the corresponding multi-channel input of the calculator 29.

In the calculator 29, based on the received signal about the current value of P (t), the previously calculated oil volume fraction V ₁ (t) is brought to the normal pressure P ₀ = 1 at at a normal temperature T ₀ = 20 ° C, taking into account the stored in the memory of the calculator 29 reference data on the value of the compressibility coefficient β ₁ oil. As a result of this operation, the calculator 29 determines the current value of the nominal volume fraction of oil:

V ₀₁ (t) - the current value of the volume fraction of the component K ₁ (oil), reduced to normal climatic conditions;

t is the current time.

To measure the velocity W of the gas-liquid flow in the proposed analyzer, the autocorrelation method is selected. Moreover, depending on the controlled flow mode determined by the mode controller 32, either information about the movement of the natural local flow heterogeneity or information about the movement of the artificial local flow heterogeneity is used to measure the speed.

In the first case, in the presence of natural inhomogeneities of the flow, they are detected in the second processing module 28 by processing electrical signals received at its input via multichannel information communication from the output of the second photoelectric converter 27, to the corresponding input of which through the channels of the second fiber 20

optical signals generated by the second detectors 12, and to the other input, through the channels of the third fiber 21, optical signals generated by the third detectors 13 (see Figure 3). The mentioned optical signals are formed as a result of the radiation of the X-ray tube 5, the beams of which, formed by the second primary collimator 9 and the third primary collimator 10 and reflected, respectively, by the first mirror 6 and the second mirror 7, intersect the controlled medium located in the housing 1, in the planes the second and third inserts 3 and 4, respectively, after which they are additionally formed by the second and third secondary collimators 15 and 16, respectively, and the second and third detector are received 12 and 13, respectively.

Since when passing through the controlled medium located in the housing 1, each of the mentioned X-ray beams, interacting with this medium, is partially absorbed and scattered by it, it carries information about the presence or absence of local inhomogeneities in the composition of the controlled medium. It does not matter which of the components of the controlled environment forms a local heterogeneity.

As informative parameters characterizing the presence of a local heterogeneity conditionally formed by component K ₁ , the proposed analyzer uses photon flux densities of a given energy at the inputs of the second and third detectors 12 and 13, respectively:

Y ₂₁ (t), Y ₃₁ (t) - the current values of the photon flux density at the inputs of the second and third detectors 12 and 13, respectively, if there is a single-component controlled medium in the housing 1;

I ₂ , I ₃ - photon flux density at the inputs of the second and third detectors 12 and 13, respectively, in the absence of a controlled environment in the housing 1;

### U8494 - the base of natural logarithms;

μ ₁ - linear attenuation coefficient of x-ray component

k _{1 of the} controlled medium at a fixed value of the radiation energy;

x ₁ is the effective thickness of the component K _{1 of the} controlled environment;

t is the current time.

When the moving natural label marks the flow — a local heterogeneity of its composition — at time τ _{1 of the} cross-section AA of the housing 1 (see FIG. 1), each of the second detectors 12 detects the presence of significant changes in the value of the parameter Y ₂₁ (t) in time and forms The first time sequence of changes to this value. With further movement of the local heterogeneity by the distance L _o between the second insert 3 and the third insert 4, the said heterogeneity at time τ ₂ reaches the cross section CC of the housing 1 (see FIG. 1) and initiates significant changes in the current in each of the third detectors 13 the flux density of the x-ray photons Y ₃₁ (t) received by him, forming a second time sequence of these changes, correlating with the aforementioned first time sequence.

When a three-component controlled medium flows along case 1, the second and third detectors 12 and 13, respectively, continuously generate the first and second time sequences of informative signals Y ₂₁ (t), Y ₂₂ (t), Y ₂₃ (t) and Y ₃₁ (t) , Y ₃₂ (t), Y ₃₃ (t), respectively, the current values of the amplitudes of which depend on the effective thicknesses x ₁ , x ₂ and x _{3 of} oil, water and gas, respectively. The first time sequences come from the outputs of the second detectors 12 through the corresponding channels of the second optical fibers 20 to one of the inputs of the second photoelectronic converter 27, the second time sequences arrive from the outputs of the third detectors 13 through the corresponding channels of the third optical fibers 21 to another input of this converter, where they are converted from the optical form into an electric one and transmitted via multichannel information communication to the input of the second processing module 28, and from its output to the computer 29. The algorithm the formation of the signals received by the calculator 29 depends on the mode of the monitored stream. The flow mode is determined in the controller 32 based on the measurement information received at its input from the additional output of the first processing module 26, where it is formed on the basis of optical signals,

generated by the detectors of the first multichannel detector 11 and transmitted from their outputs through the channels of the first fiber 19 to the corresponding input of the first photoelectronic converter 25. In the first photoelectric converter 25, these signals are converted into electrical form and fed to the input of the first processing module 26 via multi-channel information communication.

In the first processing module 26, the incoming values of the photon flux densities are compared with the values of these densities previously received and stored in the memory of the mentioned module and, in the absence of significant discrepancies of the compared values, a signal is generated about an almost uniform flow mode, and if there is a signal about a substantially unsteady mode gas-liquid flow.

Formed in the mode controller 32, the signal about the flow mode is transmitted from its output via multi-channel information communication to the corresponding multi-channel input of the computer 29, in which the conversion algorithm corresponding to the received signal is selected.

When the flow mode is determined by the mode controller 32 as a substantially unsteady flow mode, and the measuring information conversion algorithm corresponding to this mode is selected in the calculator 29, the first and second time sequences of informative signals previously described in the calculator 29 are continuously recorded in the memory from the output of the second processing module 28 the calculator 29 in the form of the first and second temporary implementations, and the first temporary implementations correspond to the cross section AA of the housing 1, and the second temporary ealizatsii - section C-C of the housing 1 (see Figure 1.).

Taking into account the mode of essentially unsteady movement defined by the mode controller 32, in the calculator 29 from the group of algorithms "Speed Calculation" an algorithm is selected that corresponds to the code of this mode and, in accordance with this algorithm, the above first and second time implementations are processed for a period of time Δτ _min minimum required to determine the presence of correlation. The numerical value of the time interval Δτ _min is entered into the memory of the second timer 48 from external

systems 34, is transmitted from the output of this timer to the additional input of the second processing module 28 and, from the output of the last one, to the input of the calculator 29. The time interval Δτ _min should be sufficient for the second detectors 12 and third detectors 13 to receive the experimentally determined number of x-ray photons

S _k ≥10 ⁴ , where

S _k - the number of photons necessary for the correct determination of the presence of local heterogeneity of the composition of the controlled medium in sections AA and CC of the housing 1 (see Figure 1). Since the number S _k can be chosen substantially smaller than the number S of photons taken for the minimum possible exposure time Δτ _min , the time for determining the presence of correlation Δτ _min is also substantially less than the minimum possible exposure time Δτ _min in expression (13):

Δτ _min «Δτ _min.

After processing for the time interval Δτ _{min the} first and second time realizations corresponding to time instants τ ₁ and τ ₂ , respectively, in the calculator 29 their mutual correlation function is determined and the second implementation is offset from the first in time m until the maximum of the mutual correlation function is obtained.

When the maximum of the mutual correlation function is obtained in calculator 29, the time interval of the correlation bias Δτ _k = τ ₂ -τ _{1 is} determined and, since this period is equal to the travel time Δτ by the natural flow mark - its stable fluctuation - of some length L _{o of the} housing 1, taken as the base length :

Δτ _k = Δτ,

the speed W of the controlled flow is calculated in accordance with the expression

W is the flow velocity along the longitudinal axis of the housing 1;

L _o is the base length equal to the axial distance between the geometric centers of the second and third inserts 3 and 4, respectively;

Δτ is the running time of the natural mark of the base length stream.

Based on the obtained value of the velocity W in the calculator 29 using the previously found values of V ₁ (t), V ₂ (1) and V ₃ (t) volume fractions of each of the components of the controlled medium corresponding to expression (15), instantaneous values of the component volume costs Q ₁ (t), Q ₂ (t) and Q ₃ (t) of each of the three components of the gas-liquid flow: oil, water and gas, respectively. In addition, in the calculator 29 using the previously found values of M ₁ (t), M ₂ (t) and M ₃ (t) mass fractions of each of the components of the controlled medium corresponding to expression (16), instantaneous values of the component-by-mass mass flow rates Q _M1 are calculated (t), Q _M2 (t) and Q _M3 (t) of each of the three components of the gas-liquid flow: oil, water and gas, respectively.

In the second case, when the mode controller 32 determines an almost uniform steady-state flow of the controlled medium in which there are no pronounced fluctuations in its component composition in the flow, the measurement of the velocity W by the method described above may turn out to be unreliable. In this case, as a reliably controlled flow feature, the proposed analyzer uses not a natural local heterogeneity of the component composition of the flow, but an artificial heterogeneity, which is a finely dispersed metal particle introduced into the stream using a metal particle injector 35. The sizes of the metal particle introduced into the stream are selected as small as possible provided that they are sufficient for reliable detection of particles by X-ray fluorescence method. Particle sizes of units of nanometers meet similar requirements. In accordance with this, metal nanoparticles, the largest sizes of which do not exceed about 10 ^-9 m, are used as artificial inhomogeneities in the proposed analyzer.

Upon receipt from the output of the mode controller 32 in the calculator 29 of the code corresponding to the mode of almost uniform steady flow, in the calculator 29 from the group of algorithms "Calculating the speed" selects the algorithm corresponding to the received code and generates a command to control the metal particle injector 35. In the case when the said injector 35 contains an actuator with a stepper electric drive 42,

connected to the pulse generator 43, from the additional output of the calculator 29 to the input of the pulse generator 43 (see Fig. 10), a command is issued to issue a series of pulses to the step electric drive 42, which drives the said actuator. In this case, the electric drive 42 through a worm gear through the worm 41, drives each of the actuator rotary disks 39 mounted on one of the axles 40, as a result of which the sector of each rotary disc 39 inside the oval balloon moistened with the suspension 38 extends beyond the area washed by the flow of a controlled environment (see Fig.8 and Fig.9).

A gas-liquid flow washing the protruding portions of the rotary disks 39 protruding from the oval balloon gradually removes a suspension 38 wetting them containing finely divided platinum particles. Each of the captured controlled flow of platinum particles moving with a W flow rate and intersects with it at the time τ _1, section A-A of the body 1, and then, at time τ ₂ - section C-C of the housing (see FIG.. one). The passage of a particle through sections AA and CC of the housing 1 is fixed, respectively, by one of the second detectors 12 and one of the third detectors 13 located along the trajectory of the particle.

A distinctive feature of the passage of a metal particle past each of the aforementioned detectors is, firstly, a sharp decrease in the photon flux density at their inputs, caused by the partial screening of X-ray beams by a finely dispersed platinum particle, and, secondly, by the appearance of a local maximum of the characteristic photon flux I _Pt , corresponding characteristic energy of platinum E _Pt = 66.831 KeV. After transmitting the optical signals from the outputs of each of the second and each of the third detectors 12 and 13, respectively, through the channels of the second and channels of the third optical fibers 20 and 21, respectively, to the corresponding input of the second photoelectronic converter 27, where the optical signals are converted into electrical signals and fed from the output of the aforementioned converter via multichannel information communication to the input of the second processing module 28, the received information is processed in this module and transmitted from it

additional output to the input of the discriminator 46. In the discriminator 46, the presence or absence of time intervals in the measurement information characterized by a significant decrease in the photon flux density, as well as the presence of a local maximum I _{Pt of} this density for the energy characteristic of platinum, is determined.

Figure 7 shows the graphical dependences I (E) of the photon flux density on their energy at the inputs of the first and second detectors 12 and 13, respectively, for the case when there are no platinum particles in the controlled medium (solid curve) and for the case characterized by the presence of platinum ( dashed curve). From the graphs it follows that the presence of platinum particles in the stream significantly reduces the total number of x-ray photons received by the first and second detectors 12 and 13, respectively. The total number of photons received by the above detectors is characterized by the area under the I (E) curves: for the case without platinum, the area under the solid curve with a maximum of I _max1 , and for the case with platinum, the area under the dashed curve with a maximum of I _max2 . Obviously, the area under the dashed curve is significantly less than the area under the solid curve. The decrease in the number of photons in the second case compared with the first is due to the screening effect of platinum particles in the path of the x-ray beams.

At the same time the dotted curve I (E), Figure 7 shows the local maximum I _Pt photon flux density when the characteristic value for energy E platinum _Pt = 66,831 keV. The presence of this maximum is caused by the generation of secondary photons emitted by platinum atoms upon their absorption of X-ray quanta with energies equal to and exceeding 66.831 KeV.

The presence of platinum particles in the controlled flow is checked in discriminator 46 in two stages.

At the first stage, it is established that there is time intervals in the measurement information during which the photon flux density received by the second and third detectors 12 and 13, respectively, decreases sharply. Simplistically, this fact is verified by a significant decrease in the maximum photon flux density in accordance with the condition:

I _max2 <0.5 I _max1 (see _Fig.7 ).

At the second stage, the discriminator 46 determines the presence or absence of local maxima of the photon flux density I _pt (see Fig. 7) in the received information and, if any, verifies the reliability of the detected fact in accordance with the control condition:

E (I _Gd ) and E (I _Pt ) are the numerical values of the characteristic energies corresponding to platinum and gadolinium corresponding to the positions of the local maxima I _Gd and I _Pt , respectively, on the axis of energies of OE of the I (E) graphs, Fig.6 and Fig. 7;

- the nominal value of the ratio of characteristic energies corresponding to platinum and gadolinium;

Δk is the maximum permissible deviation of the mentioned ratio from its nominal value.

If control condition (20) is fulfilled, the presence of platinum particles in the controlled flow is considered to be reliably established.

This makes it possible to generate signals in the discriminator 46 and transmit via bi-directional multichannel information communication to the calculator 29 about the instants of time τ ₁ and τ _{2 of} occurrence of artificial heterogeneities in section AA of case 1 containing second detectors 12 and in section C - C of case 1 containing third detectors 13 (see FIG. 1), and form the first and second temporary realizations of informative signals corresponding to these time instants.

After the platinum-containing suspension is completely removed by the gas-liquid flow, covering the sections of the rotary disks 39 washed by the flow, the discriminator 46, depending on the constancy of the high-speed flow regime, generates and transmits one of two possible commands to the calculator 29: the execution command or the delayed execution command. The execution command is issued in the case of an unstable high-speed mode of a controlled flow, the delayed execution command is issued in the case of a stable high-speed mode.

In the first case, the discriminator 46 transmits a signal for switching on the pulse generator 43 coming from the additional output of the calculator 29 to the input of the pulse generator 43 via two-way multichannel information communication to the calculator 29, as a result of which the said generator gives a series of pulses to the electric drive 42, which drives the actuator injector of metal particles 35. As a result, the rotary disk 39 is rotated by an angle, providing replacement of the protruding portion of the rotary disk 39 protruding from the oval balloon, shelled from the slurry 38, the disc portion 38 wetted suspension.

In the second case, the discriminator 46 generates a delayed execution command, according to which the described procedure for rotating the rotary disk 39 by a given angle is performed after a certain delay time, the numerical value of which is transmitted to the discriminator 46 through the circuit: the output of the second timer 48 is an additional input of the second processing module 28 -additional output of this module is the input of discriminator 46.

The mentioned delay time is experimentally determined and entered into the memory of the second timer 48 from external systems 34 when analyzing the high-speed regime of the gas-liquid flow of a particular oil well during the installation of the proposed analyzer on the well.

After processing the first and second time realizations corresponding to time instants τ ₁ and τ ₂ , respectively, in the calculator 29 their mutual correlation function is determined and the second implementation is offset from the first until the maximum of the mutual correlation function is obtained.

Upon receipt in the process of said bias of the maximum of the mutual correlation function in the calculator 29, the time of the correlation bias is determined

Δτ _k = τ ₂ -τ ₁ and, since this time is equal to the period of time running

Δτ with an artificial flow label - a finely divided metal particle, for example, a platinum particle, of base length L _o , the steady-state flow rate W is calculated in accordance with an expression similar to expression (19):

W = L _o / Δτ, where

L _o - the base length equal to the axial distance between the geometric centers of the third and second inserts 4 and 3, respectively,

Δτ is the travel time of the artificial label flow of the base length L _o .

As in the case of an unsteady flow regime, the obtained values of the velocity W together with the previously found values of V ₁ (t), V ₂ (t) and V ₃ (t) volume fractions of each of the components of the controlled medium corresponding to expression (15) are used in a calculator 29 for calculating the instantaneous values of the component-by-volume flow rate Q ₁ (t), Q ₂ (t) and Q ₃ (t) of each of the three components of the gas-liquid flow: oil, water and gas, respectively, and, in addition, using previously obtained values of M ₁ (t), M ₂ (t) and M ₃ (t) mass fractions of each of the components controlled environment corresponding to expression (16), instantaneous values of the component-by-mass flow rates Q _M1 (t) Q _M2 (t) and Q _M3 (t) of oil, water and gas, respectively, are calculated.

Thus, in the proposed analyzer, the accuracy of measuring the mass content of components, the speed and flow rate of a controlled flow is significantly increased, the instrumental measurement error caused by the scatter in magnitude and time drift of the parameters of single-channel scintillation detectors and single-channel photoelectric converters is reduced, and the possibility of measuring component-wise flow rate of homogeneous streams.

Claims (1)

An x-ray analyzer of the composition and velocity of a three-component flow, comprising a housing, in the wall of which the second and first X-ray transparent inserts, an X-ray tube with a power source, the first and second primary collimators with several collimating holes in each, the first and second secondary collimators with several collimating holes in each, the first and second detectors, the first and second photoelectronic converters and the electronic unit, which includes there are a calculator, a first and second processing module and a control module, each of the first detectors being optically connected to a corresponding first photoelectronic converter, each of the second detectors being optically connected to a corresponding second photoelectric converter, and the computer being connected to an input of a control module connected to a power source, characterized in that, according to the utility model, the first and second x-ray mirrors, the third x-ray transparent insert are additionally introduced into its composition, installed in the wall of the housing after the first radiolucent insert in the flow direction, the third primary and third secondary collimators with several collimating holes in each, third detectors, first, second, third and fourth multichannel fibers, control detectors and secondary emitters, fourth detectors and orthogonal collimators, metal particle injector, discriminator, pressure sensor and measuring transducer, jet straightener and normalizer, mode controller, as well as the first and second timers, the first detectors being combined into the first multichannel detector, the first and second multichannel photoelectronic converters respectively being used as the first and second photoelectric converters, while the control detectors are installed in such a way that a straight line connecting the center of each of them with the center of radiation of the x-ray tube passes outside the housing, the computer is additionally equipped with two multi-channel inputs and a multi-channel input-output, and the first and second modules are abotki each provided with an auxiliary input and auxiliary output, before each of the detectors of the first set of multi-channel detector corresponding secondary emitter, the fourth detector before each set corresponding orthogonal collimator; a jet rectifier and a normalizer are installed inside the housing sequentially in the direction of flow in front of the second X-ray transparent insert, a pressure sensor is installed in the wall of the housing, the output of each of the detectors of the first multichannel detector and the output of each of the control detectors are connected to the corresponding channel of the first multichannel fiber, the output of each of the second and the output of each of the third detectors are connected respectively to the corresponding channel of the second and the corresponding channel of the third multichannel of conductors, the output of each of the fourth detectors is connected to the corresponding channel of the fourth multichannel fiber, the outputs of the first and outputs of the fourth multichannel optical fibers are each connected to the corresponding inputs of the first multichannel photoelectronic converter, connected by its outputs to the corresponding inputs of the first processing module using multichannel information communication, the outputs of the second and the outputs of the third multi-channel fibers are each connected to the corresponding inputs of the second multi-channel channel photoelectronic converter connected by its outputs to the corresponding inputs of the second processing module using multi-channel information communication, while the discriminator is connected to the multi-channel input-output of the computer using two-way multi-channel information communication, the mode controller and the measuring transducer are each connected to the corresponding multi-channel input of the computer using corresponding multichannel information communication, additional output of the first mod The operation is connected to the input of the mode controller, and the additional input of the first processing module is connected to the output of the first timer, the additional output of the second processing module is connected to the input of the discriminator, and the additional input of the second processing module is connected to the output of the second timer, the pressure sensor is connected to the input of the transmitter, input the first and the input of the second timers are each designed to be connected to external systems, the multi-channel input-output of which is designed to exchange information with the computer in two of information communication, while the orthogonal collimator contains collimating holes, the depth of each of which is significantly greater than the diameter, and the axes are parallel to each other and orthogonal to the axis of radiation of the x-ray tube, the secondary emitter is made of heavy metal, for example gadolinium, a tube installed in the hole of the first secondary collimator, and the metal particle injector is designed to feed into a controlled stream of fine particles of a heavy metal, such as platinum, before the second radiolucent insert in the direction of flow and is made in the form of a container containing the said particles, with a feed mechanism installed therein, equipped with an electric drive, which is connected to a pulse generator connected to the calculator.