RU74820U1 - FILTER BASED ON USVR "ARCHIMEDES" - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The filter for water purification based on a carbon mixture of high reactivity (SPM), in which the stream of purified water through the cavity with the SPM in the cartridge, when the filter is in the working position, has a component of the flow velocity from top to bottom, the cartridge has a prefilter from the porous material at the inlet of the purified water in the water treatment system and bottom, the post-filter is also made of porous material at the outlet of purified water from the water treatment device, characterized in that the filter is equipped with an additional tank for collecting and discharging purified water, connected in series from below to the car through a post-filter, located next to or inside the cartridge at such a height that the water level in the additional tank is maintained higher than the entire UVR in the cartridge. 2. The water filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional container is a bowl (pool, aquarium) with water, into which (in water) the cartridge with the SPM is immersed to a depth at which the surface of the water in the bowl is higher than the entire UWRM is located in the cartridge, and the cartridge is made in the form of a rectangular or cylindrical container, closed on top with a lid with a nozzle for supplying purified water to the cartridge, porous material, which is a prefilter, is horizontally attached under the lid, in the bottom of the cartridge Xia openings for exit of treated water in a bowl with water, covered with a porous material, which is post-filter, and in the closed cavity between the prefilter and postfilter placed USVR.3. The water filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge with the UVR is made in the form of a cylindrical body having a bottom bottom and a top closed with a lid with a pipe

Description

The utility model relates to devices for filtering water using a carbon mixture of high reactivity (UWR).

From the discovery by the Russian academician V.I. Petrik of the filter mixture, which he named USVR, (patents No. 2128624 dated 04/10/1999; No. 2163840 dated March 10, 2001; No. 2163883 dated March 10, 2001; No. 2184086 dated July 27, 2002), an order of magnitude superior in terms of resource and quality of water treatment, the best types of activated carbon, the creation of new effective devices has begun, allowing the use of water treatment plants for both the treatment of industrial wastewater and drinking water.

Under license No. 0618 dated April 22, 2003, issued by the patent holder V. I. Petrik for the use of SPM, various samples of such filters are manufactured under the general name "Hercules" (Appendices 1-3). Manufacturer: VIP LLC, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Krasnoye Selo, Svobody St., 50, tel. 8-901-300-27-86. The chief designer of Hercules filters is Associate Professor AF Kudryashov. Full information can be found on the website www.qerakl.org or also in the VIP brochure under the name “Water Filters Based on the ONS-UVR“ Heracles ”. SPb. 2006 Advertising and Publishing Coalition "Red Eye Studio", restudio@gerakl.org. (Attached to the application).

For example, the Heracles-Funnel bulk bactericidal filter (Appendix 2), the cartridge of which consists of a conical funnel, a pre-filter and a post-filter, which are disks of porous materials of different densities, glued around the walls to the walls inside the funnel at different heights, between which there is a USR layer . The purified water is poured from above and, under gravity, passes through a prefilter, a layer of water-spraying devices, a post-filter, finally draining into some container for purified water.

However, the pilot production and operation of this model revealed the following disadvantages.

1. Instability of the filter.

When filtering water, two oncoming flows are formed through the SPMR: the flow of water from top to bottom and air bubbles rising towards it.

Water seeks to make a channel with the least resistance to flow in the SPM, in which its contact with the SPM is impaired, and therefore the quality of water treatment.

Air bubbles get stuck in the SPM, forming an air lock. The permeability of the filter as a whole is reduced, up to a complete stop of its operation. The filter stops passing water through it until air is removed. An attempt to compensate for this factor is to install a valve for air outlet in the center of the prefilter.

These two counter flows make it difficult to obtain stable parameters of the filter, especially its performance.

2. Inseparability and increased complexity of manufacturing

The technology of gluing the prefilter with the walls of the housing makes the filter non-separable, and the manufacturing process is laborious.

3. Reduced post filter life

Particles of SPMR penetrate into the porous material of the post-filter and gradually clog it, reducing the service life of the entire filter as a whole, although the SPMR still retains a significant untreated potential for water purification.

Some of these shortcomings were eliminated in other models of Hercules filters. For example, in the Heracles-Istok flow-through bactericidal filter (Appendix 3), the flow of water under pressure is directed from the bottom up through the layer of SPM. Therefore, there is no problem with an air lock - air is squeezed out through a layer of SPM along with water. And a replaceable cartridge with USR ensures its collapsibility. The pressure and industrial Heracles filters are successfully operating on the same principle. However, clogging of the porous material of the post-filter remains a serious problem. For example, to extend the life of the Hercules industrial filter, a so-called backwash is provided, the main purpose of which is to uncork a clogged post-filter. The ultra-thin (nano) structure of the SPM makes the creation of a stable

working and at the same time - powerful filters by only grossly increasing the water pressure at the inlet to the filter. A deeper account is needed of the phenomenal physical properties of SPM. The Hercules-Funnel filter has more drawbacks than other Hercules filter models, but in these "flaws" some important physical properties of the CVR are manifested. Therefore, the filter "Hercules funnel" is taken as a prototype. It is important that the flow of purified water through the SPM in this filter is directed from top to bottom.

The purpose of the utility model is to stabilize the hydraulic resistance of the SPM in the filter and increase the service life of the post-filter.

This is achieved by supplying the filter with an additional container for collecting and discharging purified water, connected in series to the cartridge from below through a post-filter, located next to or inside the cartridge at such a height that the water level in the additional container is maintained higher than the entire UVR in the cartridge.

Figure 1-5 shows the filters using this model.

Figs 1 and 2. An additional container 1 is a bowl of water in which the cartridge 2 with the SPM is immersed to such a depth that the surface of the water in the cup 1 (the edges of the cup) is higher than the entire SPM in the cartridge 2. The cartridge 2 is made in the form of a rectangular or cylindrical container, closed on top with a lid 3 with a pipe 4 for supplying purified water. Under the cover 3, a prefilter 5 of porous material is horizontally attached. Rigid gratings 6 may be provided to disperse the flow of incoming water and to strengthen the horizontal position of the prefilter 5. At the bottom of the cartridge 2 there are openings 7 for the outlet of purified water into the bowl 1, closed from the inside of the cartridge 2 by a porous material - post-filter 8.

It is easy to make, for clarity, the bowl 1 and the cartridge 2 from a transparent material and provide good illumination (Fig 1). Then you can see the following. You can fill cartridge 2 with water and leave it in a bowl 1 with water in a static

a condition in which there is no water flow through the filter. “The bulk density of the UVR - 0.01 - 0.001 g / cc” (www.gerakl.org/usvr1.htm Section “Basic physicochemical properties of the UVR”) is 100 and more times lighter than water. Therefore, the layer of moistened SPWR, which is formed in the cartridge 2, floats up to the surface of the water (it is pressed up to the surface AA of the contact of the prefilter 5 with the SPWR) due to the Archimedean force. The water level in the additional tank 1 is naturally maintained higher than the entire SPR in the cartridge 2. The presence of such a static state in combination with the direction of the water flow through the SPR from top to bottom during filter operation is a fundamental difference between this model.

If you remove cartridge 2 from the bowl 1, then it essentially represents the Heracles-Funnel or Do-it-yourself Heracles model. But these models do not have the above static state, since the SPM is always pressed down to the postfilter 8 by the flowing stream of water.

It is possible, for example, to take such a quantity of SPM, in which its moistened layer, pressed up to the prefilter 5 by the Archimedean force in the static state of the filter, will be 1/2 or 1/3 of the cartridge volume. This increases essentially the additional capacity 1 by the value of the volume of water located between the postfilter 8 and the layer of the surfaced SSR. Then you can see the following.

1. In the layer of SPM there is a small percentage of heavy particles that immediately settle to the bottom.

2. The hydraulic resistance of the SPLM layer that has surfaced to the surface AA is so great that rather large air bubbles are delayed and remain stationary under this layer.

3. With a sequential increase in the flow of water, the particles of the SPMD move. At first, the smallest particles of SPM are drowning in a very slow flow. They are gradually washed out and pressed to the post-filter 8. Particles slightly larger in size are in suspension or move, then dropping, then rising in the stream of water, depending on the speed of the stream in the place where they are. The air bubbles that remained in the static under the layer of SPMD are crushed and rise up.

Thus, we obtained another - dynamic filtration mode, which has another - lower hydraulic resistance. Part of the work of postfilter 8 to hold in the cartridge 2 particles of UVRM is assumed by Archimedean force. It means that it is possible to use a less dense postfilter 8 and wider openings 7, while increasing the filter performance.

4. With an increase in the water flow rate, naturally, larger particles of SPMD are drowning, then remaining compressed by the flow to the post-filter 8, and less and less particles remain in suspension or in a dynamic state. A further increase in the flow rate (filter power) while maintaining the dynamic filtering mode is possible if one succeeds in manufacturing in some way a SPM consisting of only enlarged fragments. It is possible, for example, with a slower flow of water, as in the previous paragraph, to preliminarily wash the smallest particles from the SPM, which just basically clog the post-filter, and then replace the post-filter. It is possible to aggregate SPM into separate fragments using some other mesh material (in the form of permeable capsules, bags, etc.). And, finally, it is possible to increase the volume of filtered water per unit time by increasing the horizontal cross-sectional area of the cartridge 2, while maintaining a predetermined flow rate (or the vertical component of the water flow rate, if the inclined position of the cartridge is applied), which provides a dynamic filtration mode.

5. When the water flow stops, almost the entire SPM (except for particles stuck in the post-filter) again floats up and is pressed by the Archimedean force to the pre-filter 5, returning to the static state.

Filters according to the scheme of Fig. 1 can be used both for water purification in a home aquarium (A micropump is fixed on the cover 3 of a cartridge 2, which makes water circulate from the aquarium through an SPM), and for water purification in a pool or in a pond (completely different dimensions, but it also works The water in the cartridge 2 can be fed in any way possible.). Moreover, the role of the additional capacity 1 (bowl with water) is played by the aquarium itself (or the pool, or the pond), into which the cartridge 2 with the UVR is immersed. Figure 2 presents a diagram of the use of such a filter for cleaning

small (for example, cottage) water flow. The filter is designed to work at the final stage of the runoff treatment and is designed so that it is easy to replace its cartridge 2. The filter works successfully regardless of the water level in water body B.

Fig 3. An additional capacity is the pipe 1, composed of several series-connected parts. The cartridge 2 is made in the form of a sealed cylindrical body mounted on a stand and closed on top with a lid 3 with a pipe 4 for supplying purified water. Under the cover 3, a prefilter 5 of porous material is horizontally attached. Rigid gratings 6 may also be provided to disperse the flow of water and to strengthen the horizontal position of the prefilter 5. One end of the pipe 1 is located in the lower part of the cartridge 2 and has openings 7 for receiving purified water from the UVR, closed with a porous material, which is a postfilter 8. Pipe 1 passes from the inside of the cartridge 2 to the outside through the hole 9 for it in the bottom of the cartridge 2 and is bent so that it has cross sections that are higher than the entire SPR in the cartridge 2.

The purified water is pumped through the pipe 4 and passes through the prefilter 5 into the cavity with the SPM. Stable static water pressure, under the layer of SPM, is supported by the capacity of the pipe 1, and also, in this case, due to the pressure maintained in the main pipe. In the area of the prefilter 5, air can sometimes accumulate. Therefore, it is advisable to install a float 10 and an exhaust pipe 11 with a valve 12 in the lid. The float 10 is connected to the valve 12 by a leash 13, and is mounted so that it travels in the vertical direction. The valve 12 is adjusted so that it opens in the lower position of the float 10, bleeding the accumulated air. For the convenience of servicing the filter, a hatch 14 with a nozzle 15 and a crane 16 is installed in its bottom, which allows you to drain the contents of the cartridge into the sewer and replace the post-filter 8.

The filter Fig 3 is expediently used for the purification of tap water. Moreover, the removal of air from the main pipe is, as you know, a useful additional property of the filter.

Fig 4. The additional tank 1 is made of two straight pipes of different diameters located inside the cartridge 2 vertically one in the other (outer 1 and inner 17) with a gap between the walls of the pipes. Cartridge 2 is made in the form of a vessel open on top for filling the water to be purified, in which under the prefilter 5 of porous material is placed the UVR. In the cylindrical wall of the outer pipe 1 there are radial holes 7, closed by a porous material, which is a post-filter 8. The pipe 1 is hermetically attached to the hole in the bottom of the cartridge 2 and closed from the end by a plug 18. The plug 18 has an axial hole in the center, which, in turn, , the inner pipe 17 is inserted. The upper end of the outer pipe 1 is sealed and both pipes are positioned so that there is a gap between the upper ends of the pipes 17 and 1, which is higher than the entire CVR in the cartridge 2.

The filter begins to work only after the water level in the pipe 1 reaches the gap between the upper ends of the pipes 17 and 1, because of which the static pressure of the water in the filter first appears.

According to the scheme of FIG. 4, household filters are manufactured (photo in FIG. 5). The pipe 1 here provides the collapsibility of the filter and facilitates the manufacturing process, allowing the use of lightweight post-filter 8 (Fig 4) and to eliminate the technology of bonding. For this, plug 18 has a threaded connection with pipe 1, and pipe 1 has a flange on the cylindrical wall at the bottom to stop the plug 18 and a groove at the top for the retaining ring 19, which holds the entire Filter bag in assembled condition. The tightness of the connection of the pipe 1 with the cartridge 2 is provided by the sealing ring 20. The pipe 1 prevents air from entering the filter layer from below. But, when the air nevertheless accumulates in the SPMS in such an amount that the filter stops working, you can squeeze it out of the filter bag by briefly pressing the prefilter 5 from above. However, this need rarely happens. Water flows from the post-filter 8 into the pipe 1 through holes 7, rises up the gap between the pipes 1 and 17, and then flows through the pipe 17 into some container for purified water.

When wetted, the SPWR forms a mass with great hydraulic resistance ... "(www.gerakl.org/usvr3.htm Section" ONS-SPWR as a filter "). It should also be added that this resistance is very unstable." Huge hydraulic resistance "leads to a sharp drop in pressure in the water flow on the layer of SPMR. The filter is as if divided into two cavities - above the SPMR and under it, having different pressures and capacities. This fact explains the effectiveness of this model.

In the absence of additional capacity 1 due to the "enormous hydraulic resistance", almost the entire pressure of the purified water at the inlet to the filter falls on the thin upper layer of the SPM. Thus, the characteristic surface AA of the contact of the prefilter with the UVR is obtained. Below this layer, due to a sharp drop in pressure, water can be replaced by accumulating air bubbles covering the SPM. Then the Archimedean force on the particles of the SPMR also acts only in this very thin upper layer. When the total volume of air bubbles becomes comparable with the volume of SPM in the filter, the filter becomes clogged altogether. Another extreme is also possible when water breaks through a channel with the least resistance to flow in the layer of water-spraying devices. Then the hydraulic resistance of the SPMR drops sharply, as does the quality of water treatment. This manifests the instability of the hydraulic resistance of the SPM in the filter.

In the presence of additional capacity 1, the volume of which is comparable (it may be less, but not an order of magnitude) with the volume of SPM in the filter or more, the filter operation changes. Since the water level in vessel 1 is maintained higher than the entire SPL in the cartridge is located (the water level is above the surface of the contact between the prefilter and the SPF), then, due to the principle of communicating vessels, a stable static pressure is maintained in the entire volume of the SPF, displacing air bubbles up . This prevents clogging of the filter with accumulated air. SPMR particles also tend to float upward under the action of Archimedean force towards the water flow in the whole volume of SPMR, thereby preventing the formation of channels with the least resistance in the SPMR. In the latter, the difference between this model and all models of the Heracles type. Thus, the hydraulic resistance of the SPM in the filter is stabilized.

The clogging of the post-filter 8 is also reduced, its service life is increased, which is the purpose of this model. Naturally, the parameters of water purification from various impurities should be different. However, the filtering power of the UVR is such that no apparent deterioration in the quality of water treatment is noticed. But significantly increase the stability of the filters, their performance and service life.

Economic efficiency is achieved by increasing the durability and stability of the filters. Stability, in turn, allows you to achieve optimal parameters of water purification for given conditions. And an additional container can almost always be made as an integral part of the filter, or by its structural element, which ensures the filter is collapsible and quickly replaces fragments that have expired.

Claims (5)

1. The filter for water purification based on a carbon mixture of high reactivity (SPM), in which the stream of purified water through the cavity with the SPM in the cartridge, when the filter is in the working position, has a component of the flow velocity from top to bottom, the cartridge has a prefilter from the porous material at the inlet of the purified water in the water treatment system and bottom, the post-filter is also made of porous material at the outlet of purified water from the water treatment device, characterized in that the filter is equipped with an additional tank for collecting and discharging purified water, connected in series from below to the car to the filter through a post-filter located next to or inside the cartridge at such a height that the water level in the additional tank is maintained higher than the entire UVR in the cartridge. 2. The water filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional container is a bowl (pool, aquarium) with water, into which (in water) the cartridge with the SPM is immersed to a depth at which the surface of the water in the bowl is higher what is the purpose of the entire USR in the cartridge, moreover, the cartridge is made in the form of a rectangular or cylindrical container, closed with a lid on top with a nozzle for supplying purified water to the cartridge, porous material, which is a prefilter, is horizontally attached under the lid, at the bottom of the cartridge There are openings for the outlet of purified water into a bowl of water, closed with a porous material, which is a postfilter, and in the closed cavity between the postfilter and the prefilter there is an SPM. 3. The water filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the USRM cartridge is made in the form of a cylindrical body having a bottom at the bottom and a lid closed on top with a nozzle for supplying purified water to the cartridge, a porous material which is a prefilter is horizontally attached under the cover, in a closed cavity under the prefilter is equipped with an SPM, and as an additional tank, a pipe is used to drain purified water, possibly composed of separate parts, one end of which is located inside the cartridge near the bottom and has openings for receiving MA of purified water from the water treatment system, closed by a porous material, which is a post-filter, the pipe passes from the inside of the cartridge to the outside through the hole for it in the bottom or side wall, or in the pre-filter and the cover of the cartridge, and is located outside due to bends that have cross sections located above what is the whole of the OCRM in the cartridge. 4. The water filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge with the SPM is made in the form of a vessel open at the top for pouring the purified water, in which the SPM is placed under a horizontal layer of porous material, which is a prefilter, and the additional tank is made in the form of two straight lines pipes of different diameters located vertically inside the vessel one in the other with a gap between the walls of the pipes, the lower end of the outer pipe is hermetically attached to the hole in the bottom of the vessel and closed at the end with a plug having an axial hole in the center, in which, in In turn, the inner pipe is inserted, there are radial holes in the lower part of the cylindrical wall of the outer pipe closed by a porous material, which is a post-filter, the upper end of the outer pipe is sealed and there is a gap between the sealed upper end of the outer pipe from the inside and the upper end of the inner pipe than the entire OCR is located in the cartridge. 5. The water filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of water-spraying device with which the cartridge is filled is taken in such a way that in the cartridge filled with water in a static state, in which there is no flow of water through the filter, a layer emerges in the water due to the Archimedean force hydrated SPM.