RU73944U1 - STEAM GENERATOR WITH LEAD COOLANT OR ITS ALLOYS - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to the design of steam generators and can be used in nuclear and heat power engineering, in the chemical and petrochemical industry, as well as in the desalination of sea water ..

It is proposed in the steam generator that the casing be made of two parts: the upper and lower ones connected by a lifting pipe in the form of a coil, with a nozzle device connected to it for water outflow, steam connected to a water supply pipe and a lower pipe, inside which there is a water supply pipe to the nozzle device , a confuser is installed at the inlet to the riser pipe and a diffuser at the outlet. This embodiment of the steam generator provides direct contact of the coolant with water, steam, which intensifies heat transfer and allows you to expand the functionality - use the steam generator as a desalination water.

1 s.p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The solution relates to the design of steam generators and can be used in nuclear and heat power engineering, in the chemical and petrochemical industry, as well as in the desalination of sea water.

Known RF patent No. 2060206 B63J / 00, publ. 1996.05.20 “A method of producing fresh water and a plant for its preparation, according to which the source water is dispersed in the middle part of the liquid metal column, evaporation and extraction of non-ferrous and noble metals is carried out in a layer of liquid metal coolant (Wood alloy -25% Pb, 12.5% each Sn and Cd, the rest is Bi), RF patent No. 2296715, C02F1 / 04, publ. 2007.04.10 “Device for desalination of sea water”. Despite the fact that these solutions are not directly related to a nuclear power plant, their individual nodes can be used in the development of liquid metal nuclear power plants with direct contact steam generators.

The simultaneous use of a steam generator and a desalination plant is also known, but not their combination, for example, RF patent No. 2026491 Е21С 50/00, publ. 1995.01.09 “The method of mining in the development of deposits at the bottom of the sea and the complex for its implementation”. The thermosiphon of a nuclear power plant is fixed on the boat. The thermosiphon is connected to the storage hopper of the lifting pipeline and contains a condenser and a steam generator. A condenser desalination plant is connected to a thermosiphon condenser using a feed distillate pipe. The desalination plant is in communication with the steam generator and with the storage hopper. Sea water is desalinated before being fed into a thermosiphon steam generator. This provides a pressure differential between the lower and upper sections of the lifting pipeline and the lifting of minerals to the ship.

Separate use of a steam generator and desalination plant is not economical, difficult and time-consuming.

A steam generator of a nuclear reactor with lead coolant or its alloys is known, comprising a housing with nozzles for supplying and discharging liquid metal, nozzles for supplying water and removing steam (see. White Book of Nuclear Energy / Ed. By the General Editor of Prof. E.O. Adamov, Moscow, publishing house GUP NIKIET, 2001, p.181) - prototype. In this technical solution there is no direct contact of the coolant with water.

The disadvantage of this technical solution, in relation to installations for desalination of sea water, is the formation of deposits, impurities (scale) on

heat-exchanging surfaces of the steam generator when water with a high salt content is supplied to it, while the service life of the steam generator is reduced due to clogging of the sea water channels with salt deposits and the cessation of water consumption; however, the installation cannot perform the functions of a desalination plant.

The problems solved by the invention are improving the design of the steam generator, increasing the resource of its work, and expanding the functionality - desalination of water.

The technical result is the elimination of the formation of deposits on heat exchange surfaces, increasing the energy intensity of the working area of contact heat transfer.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a steam generator with a lead coolant or its alloys, containing the upper and lower bodies, pipes for supplying and removing the coolant, pipes for supplying water and steam, the upper and lower bodies are connected by a lifting pipe made in the form of a coil with a nozzle connected to it device with a hole; water outflow connected to a water supply pipe, steam supply pipe and a downpipe, while the downpipe for supplying water to the nozzle device is located inside the downpipe with a coolant, a confuser is installed at the inlet to the lift pipe with a coolant, and a diffuser is installed at the outlet.

The implementation of the steam generator according to this scheme provides direct, direct contact of the coolant with water, steam, which intensifies heat transfer, increases the ascent time of the water bubble, steam in the coil of the riser pipe and, accordingly, the amount of heat supplied to it, contributes to the fragmentation of the bubbles and increase the heat transfer surface, reduces the volume of lead in the steam generator and its height and allows you to expand the functionality — use this steam generator as a desalination plant.

Figure 1 presents the implementation diagram of the proposed technical solution.

In the upper case 1 there is a branch pipe 2 for removal of the liquid metal coolant, a branch pipe 3 for removal of the generated steam. A perforated plate 5 is installed above the free level 4 of the coolant. In the bottom of the upper case 1 there is a nozzle 6 connected to a lifting pipe 7 made in the form of a coil with a diffuser 8, and a nozzle of the coolant lowering pipe 9.

In the lower case 10 there is a nozzle 11 of the lowering pipe 9 and a nozzle 12 of the lifting pipe 7 with a confuser 13. A nozzle device 14 with a water outlet is connected to the lifting pipe 7. In the lowering pipe 9 placed lowering

pipeline 15 with a pipe 16 for supplying water to the nozzle device 14. A pipe 17 for supplying a liquid metal coolant is connected to the lower housing 10.

The operation of the device is as follows.

Through the nozzles 17 and 2, the circulation of the liquid metal coolant is established — the lead melt at the set nominal level of lead in the upper housing 1. Through the nozzle 16, the downcomer 15 and the nozzle device 14 with outflow holes, water is supplied to the riser 7 with a confuser 13, made in the form of a coil . Floating in a two-component stream of lead - water, steam, condensate in the bubbles evaporates, then the steam overheats due to heat exchange with the lead melt. The implementation of the lifting pipe 7 in the form of a coil allows to increase the contact time of the condensate in the bubble with the lead melt, increase the amount of heat supplied to each bubble, increase the heat intensity of the contact heat transfer section, reduce the mass of lead in the volume of the steam generator and reduce its dimensions.

The resulting steam through the diffuser 8 enters the free level 4 of lead, where it is separated and through the perforated plate 5 is discharged through the pipe 3 of the steam outlet. A one-component lead stream enters the downcomer due to the difference in the densities of the media in the coolant pipes 7 and 9 and heats the water entering the steam generator through the nozzle 16. The water heated in the downcomer 15 enters the nozzle device 14 and is introduced into the lead melt through the outflow hole in the confuser 13 and the pipe 12 of the lifting pipe 7.

The solubility of salts in a pair is qualitatively less than the solubility of salts in water. Salts during the movement of bubbles in the riser pipe 7 from water entering through the pipe 16 are concentrated on the free surface of lead, from where they are removed by filtration, scattering, or

The application of the proposed technical solution will increase the life of the steam generator, eliminate the formation of salt deposits on the heat exchange surfaces, increase the heat stress of the working volume of the steam generator, reduce the mass of lead in the steam generator, reduce its dimensions, and thereby increase the efficiency of the steam generator.

Claims (3)

1. A steam generator with lead coolant or its alloys, comprising a housing, pipes for supplying and discharging a coolant, pipes for supplying water and removing steam, characterized in that the steam generator consists of two buildings: an upper and a lower one, which are connected by a lifting pipe made in the form of a coil with a connected pipe to it a nozzle device with a hole for the outflow of water, steam, connected to the water supply pipe and the lowering pipe. 2. The steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline for supplying water to the nozzle device is located inside the lowering pipe. 3. The steam generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a confuser is installed at the inlet to the riser pipe, and a diffuser is installed at the outlet of it.