RU71170U1 - SYSTEM FOR SHORT FORECAST OF HAZARDOUS HYDRO AND GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to geophysics, in particular, to automated systems for recording geodynamic processes, and can be used to assess the likelihood of catastrophic phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides. The system consists of a laser hydrophone with an accuracy of measuring pressure variations of at least 1 MPa installed in water at a depth of up to 500 m, a laser nanobarograph with an accuracy of at least 0.5 MPa, and three laser deformographs with an accuracy of measuring microdeformations of the earth's crust of at least 0, 3 nm, while two of them are horizontal with an orientation of north-south and west-east, respectively, and one vertical. The system allows measurements of the main parameters of the geospheres at the level of background fluctuations: the accuracy of measuring variations in the microdeformations of the earth's crust is not less than 0.3 nm, atmospheric pressure variations not less than 0.5 MPa, hydrospheric pressure variations not higher than 1 MPa; operating frequency range from 0 to 1000 Hz; the dynamic range for natural processes is almost unlimited, which makes it possible to register infrasonic vibrations and waves in all geospheres at the same time, increasing the accuracy of prediction of dangerous geodynamic processes.

Description

The utility model relates to systems for automated registration of geodynamic processes using geophysical and hydrometeorological devices and can be used to study the nature of variations in the microdeformations of the earth's crust, micro-vibrations of atmospheric and hydrospheric pressures at the boundary of the divided geospheres in wide frequency and dynamic ranges, patterns of occurrence, development and transformation of oscillations and waves of the infrasound and sound ranges, as well as for continuous monitoring of the condition emnoy crust and forecasting hazardous hydro- and geodynamic processes, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides.

A known monitoring system, including several meters located at spatially spaced points of an extended measuring range. The scalar field of stresses of seismic waves at spaced points in space is measured by meters based on the Mach-Zander interferometers forming a cruciform group by sending light pulses from a helium laser. Digitization of the analog signal from the output of the sensors and its processing are carried out directly in the center. Correction of digitized discrete measurement readings for losses in the light beam dividers and attenuation in fiber optic lines is carried out according to the calibration characteristics of the paths. Correction of measuring matrices according to a previously known law is represented by the standard mathematical operation included in the set of specialized software (Cl. RF 2152628, publ. 2000.07.10).

A seismic measuring device is known comprising several seismic sensors associated with a data processing unit. Seismic sensors are made in the form of fiber interferometers. As the transmission line of the measuring signals used sections of the fiber, free of seismic sensors. One end of the fiber is connected to a coherent radiation source, preferably a semiconductor laser. The other end of the fiber through the alignment device is connected with the processing unit. The operating frequency range is 2-800 Hz. (p. RF №2066467, publ. 09/10/1996).

A known system for determining the tsunami precursor based on registration and analysis of sonar signals. The system includes a group of registration devices

sonar signals located at the deep horizons of observations in the coastal zone and at a distance from it. The registration devices are connected by a communication path to external stations for receiving and processing hydroacoustic signals (Cl. RF 2292569, publ. 01.27.2007).

A known system for determining the occurrence of tsunami waves, including a group of hydrostatic pressure sensors installed at a depth of more than 100 m in the coastal zone and connected using a deep-sea cable to a ground station for processing measurement results, Pressure variations (sea level) are converted into frequency-modulated signals and recorded in analog form in several bands by the coast station. The appearance of a tsunami is judged by the appearance of the first maximum, the amplitude of which substantially exceeds the background (BD Dykhan et al. First registration of tsunamis in the ocean. Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences, vol. 257, No. 5, 1981).

Known field equipment for seismic monitoring, containing a series-connected seismic sensor, a gain and filtering unit and an analog-to-digital converter, as well as a series-connected memory unit and a digital data transmission unit, in addition, the device contains a control controller, the control outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs amplification and filtering unit, analog-to-digital converter, memory unit and digital data transmission unit, as well as energy calculation unit, input of which th output is connected to an analog-digital converter, and an output connected to an input of the storage unit, wherein the control input of the energy calculating block is connected to the corresponding output controller (p.RF №2265867, publ. 10.06.2005).

However, all of the above analogs are characterized by the use for the analysis of data obtained either in the geo or in the hydrosphere, as well as a narrow operating frequency range, which reduces the value, completeness of the information received and the reliability of forecasts.

A known system for predicting earthquakes based on measuring the maximum possible set of earthquake precursors and integrated processing of the data obtained, we have chosen as a prototype (p. No. 35445, publ. 01.10.2004). The system includes a multi-channel meter, consisting of many sensors of earthquake precursors (PZ) with connected to them analog-to-digital converters and connected in series with a data memory unit and a programmable calculator for synchronous data processing and

earthquake prediction. The system includes a database of long-term global and regional observations of shifts of the earth's crust, deformations of rocks in the fault zones and aerial photographs of the relief. The main PZ measurement modules as part of the seismic PZ measurement module are the geophysical PZ measurement module, the geodesic PZ measurement module and the geochemical PZ measurement module, each of the PZ measurement modules includes a sensor and / or an analyzer of PZ value connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) ) The earthquake prediction station (DSP) includes a series-connected data storage and memory unit, a data processing and anomaly detection unit, a decision-making unit for calculating the location, time and magnitude of the alleged earthquake and an information reproducing unit. Modules are placed in the region at predetermined control points on land and at the bottom of the water area.

It should be noted that although the construction of this system is based on accounting and simultaneous analysis of many indicators of earthquake precursors, it is schematic and does not provide specific technical solutions for obtaining the required data with the necessary accuracy for making decisions regarding the short-term forecast of dangerous hydro- and geodynamic processes in the coastal zone.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to expand the arsenal of tools for automatic registration of hydro- and geodynamic processes in the coastal zone by providing the ability to record the characteristics of elastic vibrations and waves of the studied region in three geospheres simultaneously with a high degree of accuracy for making informed decisions regarding the short-term forecast of hazardous phenomena.

The problem is solved by a system for automatic registration of hydro- and geodynamic processes, consisting of sensors for measuring geophysical and geodetic indicators connected to an analog-to-digital converter connected in series with the blocks for storing and storing information, processing and detecting anomalies, while a laser is installed as a sensor for geophysical information a hydrophone with an accuracy of measuring pressure variations of at least 1 MPa and a laser nanobarograph with an accuracy of at least 0.5 MPa, and as Three laser deformographs with an accuracy of measuring microdeformations of the earth's crust of at least 0.3 nm were installed on the geodetic information sensor, with two of them horizontal with a north-south and west-east orientation and one vertical.

The system may additionally contain a weather station for monitoring ambient temperature, wind direction and speed, a GPS receiver for more accurate interpretation of local deformation processes and revealing their connection with global planetary processes. The system may additionally include a decision and alert post.

In FIG. presents a diagram of the inventive system. The system includes a laser hydrophone (1), horizontal laser deformograph (2) with a north-south orientation and a laser deformograph (3) with a west-east orientation, a vertical laser deformograph (4), a laser nanobarograph (5), an analog-to-digital converter (6), a unit for storing and storing information (7), a unit for processing and detecting anomalies, made on the basis of a computer (8).

The operation of the proposed system is based on a laser-interference research method, which allows a high degree of accuracy to record vibrations and waves in all three geospheres at the same time, which allows predicting dangerous hydro-and geodynamic processes in this region with high accuracy. The use of a three-coordinate system for installing vertical and horizontal laser deformographs, a laser nanobarograph, and a laser hydrophone allows one to register elastic vibrations and waves in a wide frequency range, to study the physical processes that lead to their occurrence, that is, to get a complete picture of the type of vibrations and waves propagating in lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere, respectively.

The system operates as follows. Laser deformographs and a nanobarograph are located on land at the observation site, and a laser hydrophone is installed in water at a depth of up to 500 m.

Signals from the laser hydrophone (1), three laser deformographs (2-4), the laser nanobarograph (5) are fed to the ADC (6) and then transmitted to the block (8) for processing and detecting anomalies. At the first stage of work, a data bank is formed to determine the natural features of the installation site, extremes of variations in the microdeformations of the earth's crust, atmospheric and hydrospheric pressure at a given observation point. After forming a data bank, the system works as follows: a signal from a laser hydrophone (1), three laser deformographs (2-4), a laser nanobarograph (5), through an ADC (6), enters the block (8) for processing and detecting anomalies, where, using expert assessment programs on the basis of a data bank determine the signal level and its main characteristics. With a sharp change

The program sends a signal to the operator, which determines the degree of danger of the upcoming event.

To achieve the claimed technical result, a necessary condition is the use and location in the system of broadband, high-precision sensors created on the basis of laser-interference methods that allow measurements of the main parameters of the geospheres at the level of background vibrations: the accuracy of measuring variations in the microdeformations of the earth's crust is not less than 0.3 nm, variations in atmospheric pressure not less than 0.5 MPa, variations in hydrospheric pressure not higher than 1 MPa; operating frequency range from 0 to 1000 Hz; the dynamic range for natural processes is practically unlimited, which makes it possible to register infrasonic vibrations and waves in all geospheres simultaneously. As such sensors, for example, a laser hydrophone, a deformograph, and a nanobarograph can be used, the optical scheme of which works on the basis of the Michelson interferometer, which allows achieving the required measurement accuracy for subsequent decision making.

Claims (4)

1. A system for automatic registration of hydro- and geodynamic processes, consisting of sensors for measuring geophysical and geodetic indicators connected to an analog-to-digital converter connected in series with blocks of information storage and processing, processing and detection of anomalies, characterized in that as sensors of geophysical information installed a laser hydrophone with an accuracy of measuring pressure variations of at least 1 MPa and a laser nanobarograph with an accuracy of at least 0.5 MPa, and as a sensor eodezicheskoy information set three laser deformograph accurate to microstrain crust is not less than 0.3 nm, while two of them are horizontal orientation respectively north-south and east-west and one vertical. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a weather station connected to an information storage and storage unit. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a GPS receiver connected to an information storage and storage unit. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a decision and alert post connected to the processing unit and detecting anomalies.