RU71058U1 - INSTALLATION AND SAFETY WORKING BODIES OF THE SPRAYER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular, to machines for protecting and feeding plants of a crop, and two applications of working fluids can be used when performing the operation of protecting or feeding plants of a cultivated crop. The purpose of the utility model is to protect and protect sprayers on brackets with cut-offs against destruction when grazing on the soil or any obstacles while ensuring that the upper and lower sides of the leaves of the plants are sprayed with drops, reduce the penetration of droplets of the working fluid onto the soil, and reduce the entrainment of small drops of working fluid outside spray zones. At present, the efficiency ratio the use of pesticides in our country is 5-10%. One of the main reasons for the low efficiency of applying pesticides is the use of sprayers (O) during the operation of which a significant part of the large drops fall past the target - the upper and lower sides of the leaves of the sprayed plants on the soil, and a significant part of the small drops are carried outside the spray zone. (O) directional strip introduction of working fluids designed to eliminate the noted deficiencies do not have the necessary protective fuses. Their design does not provide for specific mechanisms for turning the nozzles (P) in the horizontal and longitudinal-vertical planes. The significant width of the attachment mechanisms (P) does not allow folding sections of the wide boom to the transport position. For these reasons, the benefits of (O) directional strip application cannot be used in the field.

The proposed installation, safety working bodies (O) can eliminate all the above disadvantages (O). When moving (O) and touching the spring protective fuse plates against soil or other obstacles, the spring protective fuse plates are bent without breaking or damage (P) and the bracket cut-offs. After passing over the obstacle, the spring fuse plates are unbent, returning (P) to its working position. The design of the proposed installation, safety working bodies (O) provides for specific specific rotation mechanisms (P) in the horizontal and longitudinal-vertical planes. The width of the attachment mechanism (P) practically does not exceed the width of the attachment brackets (P) with cut-offs and does not prevent the folding-unfolding section of the wide boom. The use of the proposed installation, protective working bodies creates the conditions for the effective protection of plants during the spraying operation. 2 ill., 1 s.p. f-ly.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular, to machines for the protection and feeding of crop plants and can be used to introduce working fluids when performing the operations of protecting or feeding plants of a cultivated crop.

The use of pesticides is currently a significant hazard. C.p.d. the use of pesticides in our country is 5-10%, abroad 30-40%. At the same time, the cost of pesticides since 1960 increased from 1.7 billion US dollars to 38 billion, by 2010 it is expected to 46.2 billion / V.A. Pavlyushin, A.K. Lysov, Yu.M. Veretennikov, O .A. Monastic. (RAAS, VNIIZR). Agrotechnology pesticide application. Science-Production, No. 2, 2004, P.44-48). Ineffective, i.e. not for its intended purpose, not against weeds, pests and diseases, but to the detriment of biota soil, ecology, people around the world annually use pesticides in the amount of 22.8 ... 26.6 billion US dollars. In 2003, in our country it was ineffective, to the detriment of about 21958 ... 23178 tons of pesticides from the delivered 24398 tons were used.

One of the main reasons for the low efficiency of pesticide application is the mismatch between the quality of the sprayers and the fundamental requirements. In accordance with agricultural requirements, 30 drops of the working fluid should settle for each square centimeter of the upper and lower sides of the leaves of the sprayed plants / Initial requirements for the feeding machine - mounted sprayer for a class 1.4 wheeled tractor. Collection of initial requirements for tractors and agricultural machinery. Volume 40. M., 1988; Agrotechnical requirements for a family of trailed sprayers. Collection of agrotechnical requirements for tractors and agricultural machines, volume XXIII. TSNIITEI, 1978 /. Equally important is the reduction in the settling of drops on the soil and the entrainment of drops outside the spray zone.

The Russian farms mainly use sprayers of the OP-2000 type, previously produced by the Lvovkhimsselkhozmash plant / A.K. Lysov and others. On the technical policy in the field of plant protection mechanization. Agricultural News. No. 2, 2003 /. Such sprayers with slotted nozzles contribute more than 100 l / ha of working fluid and form droplets with a diameter of less than 100 microns to more than 500 microns. The main dose administered is made up of large droplets with a diameter of about 300 ... 500 microns. The bulk of the amount is small drops. Drops in spray torches are directed from a height of about 0.7 ... 1.2 m above the level of the stem. At the same time, many large drops that have gained significant inertia of movement, having fallen on the leaves, are not retained on the leaves and roll onto the soil. Drops with a diameter of less than 100 microns, having low inertia, often do not reach the stem, and with a weak breeze and air disturbances arising from the movement of the sprayer, are carried outside the spray zone. A significant part of large drops does not hit the target - the leaves of plants and immediately fall on the soil. A significant part of the flow rate (about 60%) of the working fluid and preparations falls into the soil. A small part of the flow rate, but a significant number of small droplets are carried outside the spray zone. As a result, the environment’s ecology is disturbed, pesticide residues in the soil through the harvest negatively affect people, the same residues destroy the soil biota, which processes plant residues into humus, which leads to a decrease in fertility and productivity.

Recently, disc sprayers have been widely advertised. Disk sprayers form, as a rule, droplets with a diameter of the order of 100 microns, which, under favorable conditions, cover the upper sides of the leaves with small droplets with high density, satisfying agricultural requirements. However, with air disturbances after the passage of a tractor with a sprayer, at

ascending flows, with wind or high humidity most drops of a disk atomizer / S.N.Dergunov. Sprayers "Rainbow" - this is not UMO. Business peasant, No. 2. 2004 / do not achieve the goal of spraying, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of the drug. In addition, with any design of disc sprayers, the required number of drops does not get on the lower sides of the leaves of the sprayed plants.

Recently, /E. Palaguta (V.A. Tsybulnikov) has been widely advertised. Professionals choose Hardy. Earth and life. No. 19, 2006 / foreign sprayers with slotted sprayers equipped with a directed air flow system acting in the direction of movement of the droplets, which avoids the drift of small droplets. However, such sprayers inevitably increase the inertia of the movement of the droplets and, in this case, even droplets of small diameter are not retained on the leaves, which should increase the droplets getting onto the soil. In addition, as with the operation of other sprayers, the necessary amount of drops cannot be ensured on the lower sides of the leaves of the sprayed plants. At the same time, a significant drawback of such sprayers is the increase in resistance to movement created by the large diameter air supply hose. Even with a not very strong wind, spraying becomes impossible due to loss of controllability.

At present, the most effective is a sprayer for directional strip application of working fluids developed by a group of authors / Rybakov V.N., Danilov M.V., Maliev V.Kh. Sprayer for directional strip application of the working fluid. Utility Model Patent No. 40843 /. The proposed design of the sprayer has practically no drawbacks noted above in the design of the sprayers used. However, the absence of fuses that return sprayers to their working position

after meeting an obstacle or grazing on the soil, it does not ensure the reliable operation of such a sprayer. In the previously mentioned sprayers, sprayers in the working position are located at a height of 1 m or more from the soil surface. To protect them, as a rule, two special spring-loaded safety supports with a height of 0.5 ... 0.8 m are introduced. Such protection is sufficient. When using a sprayer of directional strip application of working fluids, the height of the sprayers above the soil surface is reduced to 5 ... 9 cm. In such cases, the presence of two fuses on the wide boom does not protect all sprayers from encountering obstacles and grazing on the soil. A mechanism of protection and return to the working position of each sprayer is required. In addition, the mounting design of the spray nozzles of the directional sprayer has a significant width, which does not allow folding sections of the wide boom in the transport position. The disadvantages of the design of the sprayer directional application is the lack of special specific rotation mechanisms of the sprayers in the horizontal and longitudinal-vertical planes. As a result, the claimed benefits of a directional strip sprayer cannot be used in the field.

The proposed installation, protective working bodies of the sprayer can eliminate both the shortcomings of the sprayers used in farms and avoid the disadvantages of the sprayer of directional strip application of working fluids according to patent No. 40843.

The purpose of the utility model is to protect and protect sprays on brackets with cut-offs against destruction when grazing on the soil or any obstacles while ensuring that the upper and lower sides of plant leaves are sprayed with drops, and reduce contact

drops of working fluid on the soil, reducing the entrainment of small drops of working fluid outside the spray zone.

The drawings depict the proposed installation, safety working bodies of the sprayer for the introduction of working fluids.

Figure 1, side view, figure 2 is a top view.

Figure 1, a side view, shows the hoses 1 for supplying working fluid from the supply lines 2 to the brackets 3 with shutoffs and distributors forming spray nozzles 4, fastened by the locking rings 5 with spring protective mounting fuse plates 6. At the same time, the hoses 1 for supplying the working fluid with spring mounting fuse plates 6, fixed by rotary brackets 7 on brackets 8, attached to the frames 9 of the sprayer boom sections. In Fig. 2, a top view shows the supply lines 2, brackets 3 with sprayers and shutoffs, spray nozzles 4 working fluids, spring protective mounting fuses 6 and frame 9 of the spray boom section.

Installation, safety working bodies of the sprayer for the introduction of working fluids work as follows. In accordance with the specific conditions of spraying, changing the position of the fluid supply hoses 1 with brackets 3, with shutoffs and distributors fastened with spring mounting protective fuse plates 6, using rotary brackets 7 in brackets 8, change the height of the sprayers in brackets 3 to the frame 9 of the sprayer section, change the angle of rotation of the nozzles on the brackets 3 in the horizontal plane and the angle of rotation of the spring mounting protective fuse plates 6, supply hoses 1 from the bracket s 3 s spray stripper and a longitudinal-vertical plane is set so that the working fluid droplets spray torches 4 could settle both the upper and the lower side

leaves of sprayed plants, so that the droplets of the spray torches spread mainly in the stalk of plants with minimal contact with the soil and with minimal ablation by wind.

When the sprayer moves and the spring protection fuse plates are touched against soil or other obstacles, the spring protective fuse plates are bent without destroying or damaging the sprayers and bracket cutters. At the same time, under the influence of a curved spring, a slight increase in the height of the frame of the sprayer section occurs. After passing the spring protective fuse plates over the obstacle, the spring fuse plates unbend, returning the spray guns to their working position.

The width of the nozzle attachment mechanism does not practically exceed the width of the nozzle attachment brackets with shutoffs and does not prevent the folding-unfolding sections of the wide boom.

The proposed design of the installation, protective working bodies of the sprayer, in addition to protecting the sprayers on the brackets with cut-offs when encountering obstacles, when touching the soil and returning them to their original installed position, provide a number of additional positive effects. Provide in accordance with the spraying conditions the sedimentation of the greatest number of drops on the upper and lower sides of the leaves of the sprayed plants. They reduce the ingress of working fluid and preparations onto the soil, while reducing the entrainment of droplets of working fluid and preparation by the wind outside the spray zone, which reduces the loss of working fluid and preparation. Small-sized, universal installation and safety working bodies can be mounted and used both on new and on sprayers used in farms during the operations of protecting and feeding various cultivated crops, ensuring high quality spraying both during operation of modern and obsolete sprayers.

Claims (1)

Installation and safety working bodies of the sprayer, including the frame, hoses for supplying working fluid to the nozzles of the bracket with shutoffs, characterized in that for changing the height of the nozzles relative to the frame, changing the inclination of the nozzles in the longitudinal-vertical plane and turning the nozzles in a horizontal plane, as well as for protection sprayers, hoses for supplying working fluid to sprayers from the supply line with brackets for attaching shutoffs and sprayers are fixed to the spring protective fuse plates and together with them are fixed with swivel brackets to the brackets mounted on the frames of the spray boom sections.