RU7102U1 - INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POROUS CONSTRUCTION STONE (BRICK) AND POROUS CONSTRUCTION STONE (BRICK) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Installation for the production of porous structural stone (brick), including equipment for the preparation of clay raw materials, equipment for the preparation of thinning additives and additives that neutralize efflorescence, equipment for the preparation of burnable additives, containing a hopper with a feeder, to which vehicles are connected to a mixer with a humidification system and the equipment for processing the charge sequentially located behind it, a forming press, if necessary, with hollow formers in the mouthpiece, cutting equipment stone (brick) blanks, cages, drying and firing with regulation systems, characterized in that in the installation the equipment for preparing additives is made in the form of equipment for preparing milled peat as a complex additive to clay, including a rough peat cleaning system containing a vibrating screen or roller a sieve and a chopper of cotton grass fibers installed at the outlet from the feeder, for example, in the form of interacting lattices and knives on the shaft of the screw feeder or in the form of a vibrating screen with cells no more than 25 mm and a cutting knife, and equipment for grinding separated peat to a dispersed clay-like state, including at least two power mechanisms with wiping grids, a thickness of at least the minimum size of the grating opening and at least three power mechanisms with grinding surfaces, for example, screws, which are part of the equipment for preparing clay peat mass, before serving it to the mouthpiece of the press. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the peat feeder is designed for the ratio of clay to peat in volume 1: 0.5 - 1: 1.3. Installation according to claim 1, �

Description

cells, in S3, in 28, G

Installation for the production of porous structural stone / brick / and porous structural stone

The installation belongs to the building materials industry and can find application in the production of ceramic wall products that meet modern requirements for low thermal conductivity of the walls of dwellings,

Known proposals for the production of porous ceramic bricks, providing for the introduction into the mixture of carbon-containing burnable additives in the form of:

-wood sawdust and peat (a.s., 174226S KL, S 04, V ЗЗ / ОО);

- ash of hydfounos or peat, or wood bark, straw (a, c, 17S8793 cells, C 04, B 33/02);

 sawdust with a fraction of 1-10 mm - 80-85% with a fraction of less than 1 mm 15-20% (patent 205241 class. C 04, B 33/00, B 33/02);

Burnout additives are introduced in all of the above solutions in addition to exhaust additives (sludge from galvanic production in accordance with a.s. 174226S, ore dressing waste from 1738793, granular slag and waste from mineral wool production according to patent 2052417),

A common drawback of these solutions is that they do not take into account the possibility of using burnable additives as a scrubber, although studies show that, in particular, peat, with appropriate preparation, can play the role of a complex additive, providing, along with porosity, the solution to issues of shrinkage of workpieces when drying without cracks and elimination of efflorescence, t, e, is a complex additive, thereby simplifying the scheme of the production line.

/ brick /

All of the listed solutions that mention peat as a possible burn-out additive do not give any explanation about the type of peat used and how to use it without which its technological application cannot take place.

The concept of peat extends to its natural deposits and products of their development. Peat is divided in deposits by the depth of decomposition, the degree of decomposition of plant residues, which determines the dispersion of peat and the processability of its fibers, by moisture. Products of peat processing in the field are ground and dried the development site milling peat for various purposes with a humidity of 40-60, this is sod peat mined and dried at zero to a moisture content of SO-45, this is peat briquettes produced at special plants ah, etc. (See, Peat Handbook, M, Subsoil, 1982,)

Without a clear understanding of what the authors of the solutions mean by the concept of peat, it is impossible either to build a technology for the production of ceramic products, or to determine the composition of equipment for its machine support. In addition, there is also a significant difference between sawdust, husk and peat, that sawdust, husk, etc., must be prepared before being introduced into the mixture, including dispersion, while peat is very successfully processed as part of the mixture. sometimes without requiring additional installations, provided that the processing equipment complies with requirements for mechanisms that effectively rub peat.

Since these issues are not resolved in the above solutions, the objective of this proposal is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known devices.

It is known from the literature that porization progressively reduces the load-bearing capacity of products, that this indicator is significantly affected by the presence of cracks, the shape of holes, pore dispersion, etc., which is also not reflected in known solutions and the objective of the proposed solution is also to obtain porous products with structural properties, including: spheroidal pore shape, dispersion and uniform distribution of pores in the mass, minimizing microcracks in the walls of the cells of future pores during drying, increasing the strength of the fired ceramic material in the direction of high-strength clay stone with a minimum of additives, in conditions of a decrease in the mass of stone / brick / to the level of resistance to heat loss established by the newly introduced norms for the walls of dwellings.

Taking the patent 2052417 for the prototype, it offers a solution leading to the elimination of the disadvantages of the known devices

The installation for the production of porous structural stone / brick / includes equipment for the preparation of clay raw materials, equipment for the preparation of low-grade additives and additives that neutralize extrasols, equipment for the preparation of a burnable additive containing a hopper with a feeder, to which vehicles are connected to a mixer with a humidification system and the equipment of the charge processing day located successively behind it, the forming press, if necessary, by the hollow formers in the mouthpiece, the equipment ki stone workpieces / bricks /, cages, drying and firing with control systems.

In the installation, the equipment for the preparation of additives is made in the form of equipment for the preparation of milled peat as a complex clay additive, including a rough peat cleaning system in the form of a vibrating screen or roller sieve, a chopper of cotton grass fibers installed at the output of the feeder, for example, in the form of interacting lattices and knives on the shaft screw feeder or in the form of a vibrosieve with cells no more than 25 mm and a cutting knife, and equipment for grinding the separated milled peat to a dispersed clay-like state Nia as at least two power units with the wiping bars having a thickness of not less than the minimum size of the lattice holes, and at least three lift mechanisms with friction surfaces, e.g.

screws that are part of the equipment for the preparation of the nanny-peat mixture before it is fed into the forming mouthpiece.

Such a solution allows, at the first stage, to obtain separated peat with the size of cotton grass fibers that does not interfere with the operation of the cutting strings, and during the operation of the grinding mechanisms, to obtain a finely dispersed ripen-like mass of peat, the particles of which, as a result of internal friction in the mass and direct force action of the mechanisms, acquire a rounded sphere-like shape and are evenly distributed in the clay mass in the form of embryos of the future cellular structure, which is formed in the workpiece during molding with cells filled with particles of t rf and repeating their forts, the walls of which gain initial strength when dried without cracking due to the compatibility of the properties of clay and wet peat during drying and gaining the strength of fired clay ceramics when fired, while when peat particles are burnt, the cells become hollow sphere-like finely dispersed pores with high bearing capacity of stone with reduced weight and low thermal conductivity, in addition, without efflorescence on the surfaces of the stone / brick /,

In this way, the utility of the proposal is ensured, and its easy compatibility with traditional schemes of ceramic production ensures the conditions of industrial applicability to it.

The peat feeder is designed to feed peat into the mixture at a ratio to clay by volume from 50 to 100%, or by dry weight up to 15% by weight of clay,

Compared with the prototype, the proposed solution has common features and functionality: the prototype contains several additives, including a burnable one, in the proposed solution a complex additive is introduced in the form of peat with the sum of the properties of the additives of the prototype; in known solutions, peat is introduced as a burnable additive, in the proposed solution peat is introduced as a complex, including burnable additive.

prototype and known devices:

- milling peat is used as an additive;

peat is used as a complex additive in the mixture to clay;

- equipment for the preparation of additives combined into equipment for the preparation of complex additives;

 the equipment for rough peat cleaning is made in the form of a vibrating screen or a roller sieve;

- at the exit of the feeder, under the peat hopper, a chopper for cotton grass fibers is installed;

the chopper is made, for example, in the form of interacting lattices and knives on the shaft of the screw feeder or in the form of a vibrating screen with a cell of not more than 25 mm and a cutting knife;

- equipment for grinding peat includes at least two power mechanisms with wiping grids with a thickness of at least the minimum size of the holes of the grate and at least three power mechanisms with grinding surfaces, such as screws;

- grinding peat mechanisms combined with equipment for processing clay-peat mixture before it is fed into the mouthpiece of the press.

If there is a positive effect provided by the proposal, the distinguishing features can be considered significant, because they provide a positive effect.

In Fig. 1, an installation for the production of porous structural stone / brick / is shown, and in Fig. 2,3,4 variants of mechanisms used by the day of peat processing as part of the installation.

Number 1 designates equipment for preparing clay raw materials, 2 - a receiving device for milled peat delivered to the workshop, S - a roller sieve or vibrating screen, 4 - a feed hopper for peat, where peat enters the conveyor and elevator 5, 6 - waste collection line with roller eita 3.7 - feeder with a cannon fiber chopper at the exit 8 or a vibrating screen 28 with cells of more than 25 mm and a cutting knife 29, 9 - mixer with a dampening system for mixes, Yu runners with a cleaning grid 11, 12 - valtsn, 13 mixer with screw section 14 and wiper sieves 15, 16, a press mixer with a screw section 17 and a cleaning grid 18, 19 - a forming screw, 20 - a mouthpiece with hollow formers, 21 - cutting devices for timber, 22 - a dryer, 28 - roasting stove. The elements of the chopper for the fibers of cotton grass B, 24 - the lattice, 25 - knives on the shaft of the screw feeder 26, 27 - the body of the feeder.

Installation work by company. 1,2,3,4 is as follows: milled peat with a humidity of 40-60 loaded into the receiving device 2, transitional peat with a degree of decomposition of at least 10, is fed to a roller sieve 8, which separates large inclusions, roots and fibers, passing through gear rollers only a small fraction of peat Waste is discharged along line 6, and through line 5 peat enters the feed hopper 4 When the clay preparation equipment 1 and peat feeder 7 are switched on together, clay and peat enter the mixer 9 When leaving the feeder, knives 25 or 29 on grate 24 or vibrosi those 28 respectively cut the cotton grass fibers that have passed through the roller sieve, and as such they no longer hang on the cutting strings.

The mixture from a mixture of clay and peat through a mixer 9 enters the runners Yu, where peat on the grate 11 is ground with a complex movement of rolls along them and forced through the grate. After additional grinding in the rolls of rollers 12, the mixture with peat enters the mixer 18, in the screw section of which 14, with a complex movement of the mixture in it, the peat is further rubbed and forced through the grate 15. When it enters the press, the peat continues to be rubbed in the screw section of the mixer 16, 17 and when moving in the forming screw 19 continues to fray until it enters the mouthpiece 20. By this time, peat is crushed to a clay-like state and its particles, having acquired a rounded sphere-like shape, are evenly distributed clay as nuclei future

the honeycomb structure of the workpiece, how it will form in the beam when passing through the mouthpiece 20 of the press. After cutting 21, in dryer 22 during subsequent drying, clay cells enveloping peat particles and repeating their forglu are hardened without cracks in the walls due to the properties of wet peat upon drying. When fired, the walls of the cells, consisting mainly of clay, acquire high strength, burned peat leaves the cells hollow, due to the dispersion of peat, forming a finely dispersed porous structure with sphere-like uniformly distributed pores without cracks, which ensures the combination of a low mass of the product with high porosity ostnost and good bearing qualities required structural wall material.

Tests have shown that the stone / brick / produced in this way has a brand of at least 150 and volumetric mass of less than 1.2 tn / m, which meets the conditions of high thermal protection, which makes it possible to practically maintain the previous thickness of the outer wall of the home while observing new requirements for thermal protection.

It should be noted that the calculations showed that the high-performance stone / brick / produced at the plant will be more economical to manufacture in comparison with the standard trench / brick / produced,

Evaluating the product obtained at the installation, it can be stated that the product can eliminate the disadvantages of known products.

A patent product 2052417 is known for a brick, a ceramic stone having a machined outer surface and an internal structural insulating structure made of a mixture containing loam and / or clay, a burnable component, granular slag and waste from the manufacture of fiberglass plates, in which burnable components are used sawdust fractions of 1-10 mm — 80-85 / S, fractions less than 1 mm — 15-20% and the ratios of all components were set, including the burn-out component — sawdust 4-8% by volume in the charge.

The disadvantages of the known products are:

-4-8% of sawdust of the charge volume does not provide a noticeable reduction in the mass of the product and improvement of the insulating properties of the study, and their volume must be higher by an order of magnitude to achieve enhanced insulating properties, i.e. in Yu time;

 the predominance of large fractions of sawdust leads to the formation of large pores having elongated crack-like shape in the sawdust, leading to a deterioration in the structural properties of the product;

- It is almost impossible to evenly distribute the waste of fiberglass slabs by mass, and their local distribution leads to the creation of zones with a lower firing temperature and, as a result, to burn in these zones, which reduces both the insulation and structural properties of the product.

The product obtained at the proposed installation - stone / brick / does not have the indicated disadvantages.

A porous structural stone / brick / made in the form of a parallelepiped, solid or with voids, having sharp or rounded edges and / or corners, or having the shape specified by the architect, in which milled peat is introduced into the clay as a complex component of the mixture, with a ratio of the volume of clay to peat from 1: 0.5 to 1: 1, triturated at the beginning of molding to a dispersed clay-like state with peat particles uniformly distributed in clay, having a rounded shape and which are the nuclei of the future cellular structure, formed in the preform during molding, strengthened during drying of the preform without cracks in the cell walls, due to the affinity of the properties when drying clay and wet peat particles, covered by the cell walls, copying the shape of peat particles, firing the ceramic ceramics is imparted to the cell walls, and burnt clay peat from the cells turned them into a finely porous structure with spheroidal pores, providing in total high strength of stone / birch / with reduced mass and thermal conductivity and bright brick color of the outer surface Nost without efflorescence

The composition of the charge proposed for the product and the method of forming the porous structure determined the product to obtain the properties of the structural wall material and high heat-shielding qualities, which determines the usefulness of the proposed product

In comparison with the prefabricated prototype, the proposed solution has common features: the heat-insulating properties of the product are ensured by the introduction of a burn-out component, the components introduced to the guinea fowl solve the problem of blending

However, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed product has several differences:

". a complex component has been introduced into clay;

- milled peat is used as such a component;

 by the beginning of the formation, peat is ground to a tire-like state;

 peat particles are evenly distributed in clay;

- peat particles form in the clay the embryos of the future cellular structure of the stone / brick blank;

 in the process of forming a workpiece, a cellular structure is formed in it;

-cells Coat peat particles, repeating their rounded shape;

- during drying, the cellular structure is strengthened without cracks in the walls of the cells due to the affinity of the properties of clay and peat;

- during firing, the cell walls acquired high strength clay ceramics;

- when burning peat, the cells are transformed into a finely porous stone / brick / structure;

- The surface of the stone / brick / acquired a bright brick color without efflorescence.

These signs provided a positive effect, noted above, as a result of which they should be attributed to significant.

Industrial applicability is confirmed by the proposed installation, ensuring the implementation in the product of all of its listed features.

Thus, the proposed product and installation for its production solves the problem of obtaining the construction of wall stones / bricks /, allowing to maintain the same wall thickness of buildings with increased requirements for thermal protection, thereby avoiding a sharp rise in the cost of construction

Claims (4)

1. Installation for the production of porous structural stone (brick), including equipment for the preparation of clay raw materials, equipment for the preparation of thinning additives and additives that neutralize efflorescence, equipment for the preparation of burnable additives, containing a hopper with a feeder, to which vehicles are connected to a mixer with a humidification system and the equipment for processing the charge sequentially located behind it, a forming press, if necessary, with hollow formers in the mouthpiece, cutting equipment stone (brick) blanks, cages, drying and firing with regulation systems, characterized in that in the installation the equipment for preparing additives is made in the form of equipment for preparing milled peat as a complex additive to clay, including a rough peat cleaning system containing a vibrating screen or roller a sieve and a chopper of cotton grass fibers installed at the outlet from the feeder, for example, in the form of interacting lattices and knives on the shaft of the screw feeder or in the form of a vibrating screen with cells no more than 25 mm and a cutting knife, and equipment for grinding separated peat to a dispersed clay-like state, including at least two power mechanisms with wiping grids, a thickness of at least the minimum size of the grating opening and at least three power mechanisms with grinding surfaces, for example, screws, which are part of the equipment for preparing clay peat mass, before serving it to the mouthpiece of the press.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the peat feeder is designed for the ratio of clay to peat in volume 1: 0.5 - 1: 1.  3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of the chopper for cotton grass fibers, multi-string cutting equipment has a mechanism for pushing the bar into the beam, and for single-line cutting, a cutting mechanism in the forward and reverse directions. 4. A porous structural stone (brick) made in the form of a parallelepiped, solid or with voids, having sharp or blunt edges and / or corners, or having the shape specified by the architect, and made of a clay-containing mixture with the components introduced into it, characterized in that milled peat is introduced into the clay as a complex component of the mixture at a ratio of clay to peat volume of 1: 0.5 - 1: 1, triturated by the beginning of molding in the mouthpiece of the press to a dispersed clay-like state with uniformly distributed in g the line with end particles having a rounded shape and which are the nuclei of the future cellular structure formed in the preform during molding, strengthened during drying of the preform without cracks in the cell walls, due to the affinity of the properties of clay during drying and wet peat particles covered by the cell walls copying the shape of peat particles By firing the walls of the cells, clay ceramic was strengthened, and burnt peat turned the cells into a finely porous structure with spheroidal pores, which together provide a high strength of the stone (brick ) with reduced mass and thermal conductivity and bright brick color of the outer surfaces of the stone (brick) without efflorescence.