RU69918U1 - WATERPROOF-DECORATIVE OVERLAP OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to construction and structural building elements and is intended for the construction and decoration of curved (curved) surfaces. The predominant application is in underground construction: in the construction of subways, transport tunnels, passages, storages, shelters and other objects. The claimed technical solution allows you to create a design of the umbrella with compensation and adjustment of the spatial position of its elements and the entire umbrella as a whole overlapping the arch of both an inclined underground structure and horizontal, the design of which is easily realizable, reduces the complexity and complexity of installation and repair work while ensuring effective suspension of the umbrella to the lining and protection against penetration of water. The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device including panels, supports and water intake trays, in which trough-like cross-section panels with “flanges” are used, according to the invention, the flanges and flanging of the panels on the respective sides of the trough-like cross section are made different according to the required width and height, the upper attachment point of the support to the arch of the carrier lining and the lower attachment point of the panels to the support are spatially spaced and are provided spatially adjustment of the position of the umbrella panels and effective suspension of the umbrella against the tunnel lining, regardless of the ratio of the width of the umbrella panels to the width of the lining elements, while the upper mount has a support element for the mounting stud, for example, a rotary strip, one end of which is fixed to the arch of the lining with using a fastener, for example in the form of a bolt and / or

a threaded pin and / or an anchor with a thread, and the other end connected to the mounting pin, for example, using a pair of nuts with a spherical surface and conical washers, the lower panel mounting unit to the support is made of a supporting element for panels mounted on the mounting pin, and a clamping the fixing element for the panels, the panels are installed and secured to provide the required geometry of the architectural form of the arch and the conditions for the overflow of water penetrating through the lining in the lower panel mounting panel to the support, the position of which is adjusted It is also polished by the upper mount. In addition, it is provided for: constructive implementation of the upper mount, the features of the trough-shaped profile of the panels and the lower mount for the inclined tunnel and for the horizontal tunnel, as well as other distinguishing features leading to the achievement of a technical result. The introduction of distinctive features allows for spatial adjustment of the mounting stud position and installation of the umbrella panels in the design position, regardless of the errors in the configuration of the arch of the underground structure, and also provides an effective, more reliable and simpler suspension of the umbrella to the supporting lining, regardless of the ratio of the width of the umbrella panels to the width lining elements while ensuring overflow conditions penetrating the tunnel through the lining of water. The claims are presented 1 n.p., 14 c.p., 17 fig. graphic materials.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to construction and structural building elements and is intended for the construction and decoration of curved (curved) surfaces. The predominant application is in underground construction: in the construction of subways, transport tunnels, passages, storages, shelters and other objects.

State of the art

The construction and decoration of curved surfaces has always been one of the most responsible construction operations with increased requirements for the strength and sealing properties of structural elements and structures from them.

There are two alternatives for making curved (curved) surfaces in complex buildings and structures:

a) the implementation of all construction work, including the formation of pattern surfaces, directly on the construction site - a costly and expensive method of manual labor;

b) the creation of independent private ways of constructing for typical classes of objects - the so-called block methods of executing and finishing curved (curved) surfaces on the basis of unified building elements (blocks), which, having the advantages of the industrial production of structural elements, allow curved surfaces of any shape complex structures (buildings).

The main advantage of block methods for creating and finishing surfaces is the industrial production of structural elements that make construction low-cost due to the reduction of the process of building construction to installation work and the removal of the process of creating structural elements outside the construction site.

With regard to the practice of creating and finishing structures of deep underground stations, the following technical solutions are known that implement these methods.

A water-proof umbrella of the escalator tunnel is known (USSR Author's Certificate No. 128483, class E01G 5/04, 1969 - [1]), containing supports attached to the tunnel lining located across the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, on which water-tight elements made of reinforced cement parts and water-receiving trays are mounted . The disadvantages of such a water protection umbrella are significant labor costs for the manufacture of water protection elements made of reinforced cement, and the assembly of a water protection umbrella from them, since the assembly of such a water protection umbrella cannot be mechanized and all work is done manually. This umbrella, assembled from many elements, is sensitive to the deformation of the lining of the tunnel and temperature effects, due to which cracks are formed through which water leakage is possible.

Known waterproof umbrella (tunnels and subways. Edited by V.P. Volkov. M., "Transport", 1975, S. 426 - [2]), containing supports attached to the tunnel lining parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, waterproof elements made of metal mounted on poles, water receiving trays, and a water-proof umbrella of the escalator tunnel (USSR Author's Certificate No. 787666, class E21D 11/38, Е02D 29/04, 1980 - [3]), including water-proof poles attached to the lining parallel to the tunnel axis elements and water intake trays, in which the supports are provided located at different levels oncoming grooves in which longitudinal edges are inserted, made in the form of flexible tapes, waterproof elements, the length of which is equal to

full length of the tunnel. However, waterproof umbrellas [2, 3], which have a large number of metal waterproof elements, require significant material and manual labor for its assembly.

Also known is waterproofing the ceiling of the arch of the underground structure (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1761878, E02D 29/04, 1991 - [4]), including panels of elastic flat sheets connected along the long sides with each other and with the supporting structure of the arch by means of locking elements with fixing devices . Its disadvantage is the complexity of the suspension of the umbrella in conditions of different ratios of the dimensions of the width of the umbrella panels and the width of the lining elements.

The closest to the proposed utility model in terms of technical nature and purpose is the escalator tunnel waterproof umbrella (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1671877, 1991 - [5]), which contains panels installed in series along the tunnel axis on supports attached to the lining elements, and water intake trays, in in which the umbrella panels are made in the form of a trough with end shelves, and each support is made in the form of a stud, on which a plate with two holes, protrusions, clamps and a stud is cantilevered, while the umbrella panel laid below the support is fixed with its shelf on the lower surface of the plate, and the umbrella panel located above the support is fixed with a shelf on the upper surface of the plate with overlapping the place of attachment to the plate of the lower panel. The disadvantages of this technical solution are the complexity of the suspension of the umbrella under different ratios of the width of the umbrella panels and the width of the lining elements, the complexity of installation and docking of adjacent panels, due to the shortcomings of the structural design of the panel mount to the support, in particular, due to the lack of a catcher in its design places the panels in the mount, and the separate fastening of adjacent panels makes it difficult to dock and install, in addition, it does not solve the problem of creating a nta horizontal underground structure

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the proposed utility model is to create a waterproof and decorative overlap (umbrella) of the arch of the underground structure, the design of which reduces the complexity and laboriousness of installation and repair work while ensuring effective suspension of the umbrella to the load-lining and protection against water penetration for both inclined and horizontal tunnels .

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known waterproof and decorative overlap of the arch of the underground structure, including panels, supports and water trays, in which the panels of the trough-like cross section are made with “flanges” (shelves along the sides) in the form of the arch of the bearing lining of the tunnel and attached to it with the required step on the supports, and each support is made in the form of a mounting stud with two attachment points - an upper attachment point of the support to the arch of the carrier lining and a lower attachment point of panels according to the invention On July the sides and flanging of the panels on the corresponding sides of the trough-like cross section are made different, respectively, of the required width and height, the upper attachment point of the support to the arch of the lining and the lower attachment point of the panels to the support are spatially spaced and made to provide spatial adjustment of the position of the umbrella panels and the effective suspension of the umbrella to bearing lining of the tunnel, regardless of the ratio of the dimensions of the width of the panels of the umbrella and the dimensions of the width of the elements of the lining, while the upper mount has a support element for the mounting stud, for example, a rotary strip, one end of which is fixed to the arch of the lining with a fastening element, for example in the form of a bolt and / or threaded pin and / or threaded anchor, and the other end is connected to the mounting stud, for example, using a pair of nuts with a spherical surface and conical washers, the lower panel mount to the support is made of a support element

for the panels mounted on the mounting stud and the clamping fastening element for the panels, the panels are installed and secured to provide the required geometry of the architectural form of the arch and the conditions of overflow penetrating through the lining of the water in the lower attachment of the panels to the support, the position of which is also adjusted by the upper attachment.

In addition, the following is provided.

The panels are made with flanges of varying height and width along the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels for an inclined tunnel adjacent to each other in its cross section, ensuring that the corresponding flanges overlap with adjacent panels and thereby provide conditions for overflow of water penetrating through the lining in the inclined tunnel.

The supporting element in the lower node for attaching the panels to the support for the panels of the inclined tunnel is made of brackets permanently attached to the mounting stud with the stop plate welded to it, the bracket consists of upper and lower plates, and its upper plate, to which one of the umbrella panels is attached to the lower surface located higher along the axis of the inclined tunnel, made with a limb-catcher, and the lower plate, to the lower surface of which another panel is mounted, located lower along the axis of the inclined tunnel, and welded to it Lanka formed with a threaded hole in which a clamping element for fixing panels, consisting of the pressing and clamping studs, such as an elastic strap koromysloobraznoy, spring washers and nuts.

The panels are made with flanges with the same height and width on the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels for the horizontal tunnel, adjacent to each other in its cross section.

A gutter is introduced in the lower node for attaching the panels to the support for the horizontal tunnel, the supporting element for the panels is made of a nut plate movably attached to the mounting stud to the bottom surface

which fastens the flanges of the sides of the trough-shaped profile of the panels adjacent to each other in the cross section of the horizontal tunnel, the clamping fixing element is made, for example, in the form of an elastic rocker bar, a spring washer, a nut, fixing the panels from the bottom, and a clamping plate with upper and lower gaskets securing the gutter located above the nut plate on the mounting stud, the gutter is made in the form of a long (for the entire length of the joint) tilted trough made in cross section according to the shapes f arch bearing lining of a horizontal underground structure.

Flanging of the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels adjacent to each other in the longitudinal section of the tunnel, both horizontal and vertical, is performed to ensure overlapping with adjacent panels and thereby provide conditions for overflow of water penetrating through the lining, while the panel located above is provided with a visor, and the corresponding the side of the trough-shaped profile of the panel located below is made with minimal flanging.

In the upper assembly of the support to the arch of the carrier lining, the supporting element for the mounting stud is mounted from a plate with a groove, one end of which is fixed to the arch of the supporting lining with a hook and a fastening element, for example, a bolt, and the other is connected to the mounting stud with a pair of nuts with spherical surface and conical washers.

In the upper assembly of the support to the arch of the carrier lining, the support element for the mounting stud is mounted from a corner with a groove mounted on the elements of the bearing lining of the arch with fasteners, for example, bolts, and connected to the mounting stud with a pair of nuts with a spherical surface and conical washers .

The lower node for attaching the panels to the support is equipped with an element of architectural design of the panel junction.

The architectural design element of the panel junction is made in the form of a “latch”, fixed by a latch installed in the lower node of the panels to the support.

The panels are made of fiberglass, for example, based on unsaturated polyester resins with reduced combustibility and other modifying additives and fiberglass reinforcing materials according to TU 2296-056-0020496 [6].

Corresponding flanging of the trough-like panels is made in the form of the arch of the bearing lining of the tunnel with a given (required) deviation from it, and the front surface of the panels has a circular shape, polygonal or other shape depending on the architectural design.

The panels are made with flanges and a cross section of the “trough”, for example, according to the “lamb” type with approximation of the arch of the bearing lining of the underground structure.

The front surface of the “trough” of the panels is embossed, for example with bas-reliefs and / or high reliefs.

The panels are made with volumetric sides and / or flanges and are additionally equipped with niches for installing fixtures.

The introduction of these distinguishing features allows for spatial adjustment of the position of the mounting stud and the installation of the umbrella panels in the design position, regardless of the errors in the configuration of the arch of the underground structure, and also provides an effective, more reliable and simpler suspension of the umbrella to the supporting lining, regardless of the ratio of the width sizes of the umbrella panels and the width of the lining elements while ensuring the conditions for overflow penetrating the tunnel through the lining of water. The proposed design of the umbrella is a structure with compensation and adjustment of the spatial position of its elements and the entire umbrella as a whole and is intended to create overlap of the arch of both an inclined underground structure and horizontal. Thus proposed

waterproof and decorative overlapping of the arch of the underground structure, the design of which reduces the complexity and laboriousness of installation and repair work while ensuring effective suspension of the umbrella to the load-lining and protection from water penetration.

A brief description of the graphic materials

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the graphic materials shown in figures 1-17. Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the arch of an inclined underground structure (in particular, the arch of a deep underground station) with a waterproof and decorative ceiling (umbrella), and Fig. 2 is a cross section thereof; figure 3 is a section GG of figure 2 (longitudinal section through the attachment points). Figure 4 shows the junction of the four panels in cross section (remote element In figure 2 - when using the link (entry) umbrella of two panels), figure 5 - this node in longitudinal section (remote element B of figure 1) . Figure 6 shows the fastening of the umbrella in an inclined underground structure (in particular an escalator tunnel) - the execution of the lower node for attaching the panels to the support and the upper node for attaching the support to the arch of the carrier lining of the tunnel (mount in a curved tubing rib). Figures 7-10 illustrate other embodiments of the upper assembly of the support of the support to the lining, depending on the features of the latter and / or the location of the mounting: Fig. 7 - mount using a hole in the inner rib of the tubing, Fig. 8 - mount in two curved tubing ribs , Fig.9 - fastening to metal insulation; figure 10 - mount to a concrete surface. Figure 11 shows a longitudinal section of the arch of a horizontal underground structure (in particular, the arch of a deep underground station) with a waterproof and decorative ceiling (umbrella), Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view thereof, Fig. 13 is a section F-G of Fig. 12 (longitudinal section through the attachment points). On Fig shows the node of articulation of four panels in cross section (remote element E of Fig. 12 when using the umbrella link of three panels), Fig. 15 shows this node in longitudinal section

(section ЗЗ of Fig. 14). In Fig.16 and Fig.17 shows the mounting of the umbrella in a horizontal underground structure (tunnel) - the execution of the lower node for attaching the panels to the support and the upper node for attaching the support to the arch of the carrier lining of the tunnel (mounting in a curved tubing rib using a rotary strip).

The positions in figures 1-17 are indicated:

1 - lining the tunnel

2 - supports

3, 4, 35 - side panels

5 - water intake trays

6 - upper node mounting the support to the arch of the carrier lining

7 - lower panel mount

8 - mounting stud

9 - a rotary level

10 - nut with a spherical surface

11 - conical washer

12 - a bolt

13 - spring washer

14 - bracket

15 - the bottom plate of the bracket

16 - the upper plate of the bracket

17 - bending catcher

18 - a persistent level

19 - pressure pin

20 - nut

21 - spring washer

22 - elastic rocker bar

23 - latch

24 - element of the architectural design of the junction of the panels "nashchelnik"

25, 26 - “flanging” (end flanges) on the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels adjacent to each other in the cross section of the tunnel

27 - hook

28 - a plate with a groove

29 - nut

30 - corner with a groove

31 - threaded pin

32 - washer

33 - anchor

34 - central panel

35 - side panel

36 - central trough

37 - side channel

38 - central epiglottis

39 - side lining

40 - nut plate

41 - pressure plate

42 - gasket

43 - board flange with minimal flanging

44 - panel visor

Implementation of a utility model.

The proposed waterproof and decorative overlap (umbrella) of the arch of the underground structure contains fixed to the lining elements 1 using supports 2 waterproof and decorative panels - side panels 3, 4 (respectively, left and right) in an inclined tunnel (Figs. 1-6) and side panels 35 and central panels 34 in a horizontal tunnel (FIGS. 11-17), as well as water intake trays 5 and special protective and decorative architectural elements of the panel junction 24. The panels are made of

fiberglass, for example based on unsaturated polyester resins with reduced combustibility and other modifying additives and fiberglass reinforcing materials according to TU 2296-056-0020496 [6]; made in advance outside the construction site, in a specialized production, for example by contact molding. Such panels are relatively lightweight, their manufacture does not require complex technological processes, they are convenient for packaging, during storage and transportation, they also simplify the installation and operation of the ceiling (umbrella) of the arch of the underground structure, they do not require massive fasteners (it is enough to install the mounting stud M16, and clamping pin M12).

Each panel 3, 4, 34, 35 has a trough-shaped cross section and is equipped with end flanges (flanges) 25, 26 curved in the shape of the arch of the lining 1 of the tunnel along the sides of the “trough” adjacent to each other in the cross section of the tunnel. Flanges 25 and 26 for a horizontal tunnel are made of the same width and height, and for an inclined tunnel - of different widths and heights to ensure that the corresponding flanges overlap with adjacent panels and thereby provide conditions for water overflow along the inclined tunnel penetrating through its supporting lining. The sides of the trough-shaped profile of the panels adjacent to each other in the longitudinal section of the tunnel, both inclined and horizontal, also have design features, namely: one of the adjacent panels has a side of the trough-shaped profile with a minimum flange 43, and the other is equipped with a visor 44, which also designed to provide overflow conditions across the tunnel of water penetrating through its bearing lining.

Panels 3, 4, 34, 35 are attached to the lining 1 on the supports 2. In the cross section of the tunnel, the number of panels may be 2, as in FIG. 2, or 3, as in FIG. The combination of these two 3, 4 or three 34, 35, 34 panels connected in the transverse direction form a section (link, run, step) of the umbrella,

its longitudinal size is determined by the size of the panels in the transverse direction (the width of the panels) and / or the size of the width of the lining tubing and determines the step of installing the supports 2 in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The umbrella is made up of a set of sections mounted on supports 2 along the length of the tunnel.

Each support 2 contains the upper 6 and lower 7 attachment points of the support to the arch of the load-bearing lining 1 of the underground structure (inclined or horizontal) and a mounting pin 8. The attachment points 6 and 7 are made with spatial adjustment of the position of the umbrella panels and effective suspension of the umbrella to the load-bearing lining of the tunnel regardless of the ratio of the width of the umbrella panels to the width of the lining elements. This is ensured by their design.

The design of the upper 6 node mounting the support to the arch of the bearing lining 1 is similar for inclined and horizontal underground structures and takes into account the features of the lining 1 and the specific location of the mount. When the basic fastening - mounting in a curved tubing rib (Fig.6) - the upper attachment point of the support 2 to the arch of the carrier lining 1 is mounted from a rotary strip 9, one end of which is fixed to the arch of the bearing lining 1 using a fastener, for example, a bolt 12 with a spring a washer 13, and the other is connected to the mounting pin 8 using a pair of nuts with a spherical surface 10 and conical washers 11. One of the corners of the rotary plate 9 is cut off (“chamfer”) (see section FJ in FIG. 6) to ensure unhindered turning the desired angle around the bo LTA 12 of the rotary bar 9 with the mounting pin fixed to it 8. The proposed connection of the mounting pin 8 with the rotary plate 9 provides both the possibility of translational movement of the mounting pin 8 (up and down), and the possibility of changing its position relative to the tunnel (due to the rotation of the strip 9 ), as well as deviations (swings) of its axis within the framework of the required small angular deviations. Fundamentally, the design of the upper mount does not change in other versions

fastenings, spatial adjustment of the position of the mounting stud 8 and the associated lower assembly of fastening 7 panels to the support is provided in each of them. However, the specific location of the mounting location of the support is taken into account. So when attached to the fins of the tubing its features are provided, presented in Fig.7 and Fig.8.

The upper assembly of the support 2 to the arch of the carrier lining 1 is mounted from a plate with a groove 28, one end of which is connected to the mounting pin 8 using a pair of nuts with a spherical surface 10 and conical washers 11, and the other end is fixed to the arch of the carrier lining 1 with a hook 28 with nuts 29 and a fastener, for example a bolt 12 with a spring washer 13 (Fig.7). Such a design (using an opening in the inner tubing rib) is preferable for the case when the support is located on the side of a thin curved tubing rib.

The upper assembly of the support 2 to the arch of the carrier lining 1 is mounted from a corner with a groove 30, mounted on the elements of the carrier lining 1 (two curved tubing ribs), using fasteners, for example a bolt 12 with a spring washer 13, and connected to the mounting pin with pairs of nuts with a spherical surface 10 and conical washers 11 (Fig. 8). This solution is designed for the case when the support is located closer to the middle of the tubing, and provides increased rigidity and structural strength of the mount.

Lining features are also taken into account. So when mounting is not in a curved tubing rib, in cases where the location of the supports falls on other surfaces, the design of the upper attachment site of the support 2 to the arch of the lining 1 has its own characteristics, shown in Fig.9 and Fig.10. In the fastening to the metal insulation (Fig. 9), a threaded pin 31 with nuts 29 is intended for fastening the rotary strip 9, and an anchor 33, washer 32 and nuts 29 are provided for fastening the rotary strip 9 to fasten to monolithic concrete or precast concrete blocks (Fig. 10) .

The design of the bottom 7 node for attaching panels to the support of an inclined and horizontal underground structure is different, takes into account the characteristics of each and provides fastening of panels made with features, respectively, for an inclined and horizontal underground structure.

So, in the proposed technical solution for waterproofing and decorative overlapping (umbrella) of the arch of an inclined underground structure (tunnel), the following is provided.

Panels for creating the overlap of an inclined underground structure, as mentioned above, are made with flanges 25, 26 adjacent to each other in the cross section of the tunnel, varying in height and width to ensure that the corresponding flanges overlap with adjacent panels and thereby ensure overflow conditions penetrating through the lining water in an inclined tunnel. The lower node for attaching the panels to the support is made with this in mind and consists, as shown in Fig. 6 (as well as in Figs. 7-10), of a bracket 14, which is permanently attached to the mounting pin 8, with a stop plate 18 welded to it, a pressure pin 19 , nuts 20, spring washer 21 and elastic rocker bar 22. The bracket 14 has a lower 15 and upper 16 plate, and its upper plate 16 is made with a folding catcher 17, and a stop bar 18 is welded to the lower plate 15. In structural elements 15 and 18 a threaded hole is made, coaxial to the mounting pin 8, under clamping pin 19. The latter, together with nut 20, spring washer 21 and elastic rocker bar 22, is initially screwed into the hole so that the upper end of the pin 19 does not extend further than the upper surface of the lower plate and, accordingly, the gap between the upper 16 and lower 15 plate remains completely is free. A panel, which is located above the support along the axis of the tunnel, and is secured by a clamping pin 19, is inserted (easily, thanks to the bending-catcher 17) into its gap (easily, due to the bending-catcher 17) and inserted into the gap between the lower plate 15 and

a beam-like strap 22 is inserted with its upper edge - flanging 26 - a panel that is located below the support along the axis of the tunnel, and secured with an elastic beam-like strap 22, spring washer 21 and nut 20. Flanging 25 of the upper panel is located with overlapping flanging 26 of the lower panel. This is necessary so that the water flowing from top to bottom (along the tunnel) along the panels cannot get into the junction zone of the umbrella panels. Thus, the lower and upper edges (ends) of the panels are fixed on the support 2 with their flanges 25 and 26, which ensures the fastening of each panel on each support from two sides in the cross section of the tunnel. Moreover, due to the fact that the width of the flanging 25 of the panel installed higher along the axis of the inclined tunnel is larger than the width of the flanging 26 of the panel installed lower along the axis of the inclined tunnel, overlapping adjacent sections of the panel is formed, and water is drained into the intake trays 5 without additional parts and seals. The presence of the visor 44 and the minimum flanging of the bead 43 on the panels joined in the longitudinal section of the tunnel, in particular in the husk of the tunnel (node B - Fig. 2, 4), also solves the problem of overflow (across the tunnel) of water penetrating through the bearing lining of the arch of the underground structure .

Panels for creating the overlap of a horizontal underground structure are made with flanges with the same height and width along the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels adjacent to each other in the cross section of the tunnel.

The lower node for attaching the panels to the support in the horizontal tunnel is made with this in mind and consists, as shown in Fig. 16, of a nut plate 40 (support element), which is movably attached to the mounting stud, to which flanges 26 are attached to the lower surface (of the same width and height ) the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels 34 (35) adjacent to each other in the cross section of the tunnel, and the clamping fixing element. The latter is made, for example, in the form of an elastic rocker bar 22,

a spring washer 13 and a nut 29 securing the panels from below. On top of the plate-nut 40 on the mounting pin 8 (on the Nth number of mounting pins) is fixed, using the clamping plate 41 and gaskets 42 (upper and lower), the groove 36 (37), which is also an integral part of the lower node for attaching the panels to the support in a horizontal tunnel. The central groove 36 and the side grooves 37 are made in the form of a long (over the entire length of the panel junction) tilted “trough” made in cross section in the shape of the arch of the supporting lining of the horizontal underground structure, and cover the joint of the panels 35 and 34 (Figs. 12, 14, fifteen). In this case, the central groove 36 is mounted with overlapping side grooves 37, together forming a section groove and draining the water penetrating through the lining of the tunnel into the water receiving trays 5. The presence of a visor 44 and a side with a minimum flanging 43 on the panels 34, 35, joined in the longitudinal the cross section of the tunnel, in particular at the junction of the lateral 35 and the central 34 panels (node M - Fig. 12, 14), also solves the problem of overflow (across the tunnel) of water penetrating through the bearing lining of the tunnel.

In addition, the lower node for attaching the panels to the support, for both inclined and horizontal tunnels, is equipped with an architectural design element for the panel junction - a stripper 24 (38, 39), held by a latch 23, which is mounted on the mounting pin 8 and is pressed elastic the rocker bar 22 to the stop bar 18 for the inclined tunnel, and to the nut plate 40 for the horizontal tunnel.

The installation procedure for waterproofing and decorative overlapping (umbrella) of the arch of the underground structure (tunnel) is as follows.

The initial stages of installation for horizontal and inclined tunnels are similar and consist of the following operations. In the threaded holes of the lining of the tunnel 1, made in the ribs of the lining, the threaded holes are installed by the supports 2 - mounting studs 8 with the upper 6 and lower 7 attachment points. In this case, the required (according to the design position of the panels) position of each mounting

the pins 8 of the support 2 are set by the upper attachment point: by moving the mounting pin 8 (up and down) relative to the support element and rotating the pivot plate 9 around the axis of the fastener 12 (along the tunnel). Thanks to the proposed movable fastening of the mounting stud 8 with nuts with a spherical surface 10 and conical washers 11, it is possible to deviate (swing) it within the required small angular deviations, which simplifies the installation of panels, compensating for errors in the shape of the arch. After adjusting the spatial position of the supports with the upper attachment point and bringing their position in accordance with the design, proceed to the next step - the direct installation of the panels - to mount and fix them in the lower attachment point. The operations of this stage for the installation of an umbrella for an inclined underground structure and horizontal are different.

When mounting the umbrella of an inclined underground structure, the mounting and fastening of the panels in the lower attachment site (Fig.6) is as follows.

The installation of panels 3, 4 of the umbrella of the inclined tunnel can be done, starting either from the bottom, from the lower end of the tunnel, or from above, from its upper end. The first option is more preferable, as this allows easier access to the upper mount of the support, for example, if you need additional adjustment of the spatial position of the mounting stud 8 and, accordingly, the position of the lower mount of the panels attached to it. Installation is carried out in sections, moving from bottom to top from the first section to the next. First, a side panel is installed (if the number of panels in the cross section of the tunnel is 2, as in FIG. 2), a panel with a visor 44 of the first (lowest along the axis of the tunnel) section on the Nth number of supports intended, according to the design, for fastening one panel. To do this, the side panel 4 with the bottom edge of the panel - flanging 25 - is started, easily, without hooks and scoring, due to the presence of the limb-catcher 17, and orienting along it, under the upper

the plate 16 of the bracket 14 (in the space between the upper 16 and lower 15 plates). The clamping pin 19, with the latch 23 mounted on it, an elastic rocker bar 22, a spring washer 19 and a nut 20 (or the clamping pin 19 without these elements), is installed in the threaded hole initially in each support so that between the upper surface of the lower plate 15 and the bottom surface of the upper plate 16 of the bracket 14 remained a complete gap (not covered by a stud), that is, the stud is screwed so that its upper end does not extend beyond the upper surface of the bottom plate. Therefore, the flanging 25 of the panel 4 easily passes into this gap and moves into the curved bracket 14 (into the space between its upper 16 and lower 15 plates). After that, the clamping pin 19 of each of the supports (from the number intended for mounting one panel in the cross section of the tunnel) is screwed further into the threaded hole, while pressing the upper end of the clamping pin 19 to flange 25 to the lower surface of the upper plate 16, thus securing the lower edge of the side panel 4 on supports 2 located in the cross section of the tunnel. Next, the upper edge of the side panel 4 is fixed in the cross section of the tunnel on the supports 2 located above, in accordance with a predetermined step along the tunnel. To do this, the upper (if you look along the axis of the inclined tunnel from bottom to top) edge of the side panel 4 — flanging 26 — is brought under the bottom plate 15 of the bracket 14. Then, flanging 26 is fixed on all supports of one panel, clamping it on each support between the lower plate 15 and latch 23 with the help of a clamping fixing element - an elastic rocker-shaped strap 22, a spring washer 21 and a nut 20, screwing the latter on the spring pin 19, and thus completing the installation of the first panel of the first (lower) section of the umbrella inclined tunnel. After that, the second side panel 3 (with the minimum flanging) is mounted in the same order (if the number of panels in the cross section of the tunnel is 2). In this case, the adjacency in the longitudinal section of the tunnel of the right and left (3 and 4) side panels is carried out in such a way that in the husk of the tunnel

(upper part of the arch of the tunnel) to ensure drainage of water in the cross section of the tunnel and to prevent its penetration inside, under the umbrella. To do this, when mounting the second side panel in each section, as well as during the installation of each subsequent section, be sure to provide overlap. As shown in figure 4, in the abutment of panels 3 and 4 (in each section) in the longitudinal section of the tunnel, the visor 44 covers (closes) the side with a minimum flanging 43.

After fixing the second side panel, the installation of the first section is completed, and proceed with the installation of the next section (located higher along the axis of the inclined tunnel). To a number of supports in the cross section of the tunnel, in the lower node of which (on the lower surface of the plate 15) flanges are already fixed 26, the upper edges of the panels 3 and 4 of the previous (lower axis of the inclined tunnel) sections begin to be sequentially fastened on all corresponding lower mounting nodes 25 the lower edge of the side panels 4 (with a visor). Do this in the same manner as when fixing the bottom edge of the panel of the first section. The side panel 4 by flanging 25 (the lower edge of the panel) is inserted under the upper plate 16 of the bracket 14 - into the gap existing between the lower plate 15 and the upper plate 16, then slide further into the curved bracket 14 (while the lower edge 25 of the upper panel is overlapped with the upper edge 26 the lower panel, due to the proposed design of the lower attachment point and the implementation of the width and height of the flanging 25 larger sizes than flanging 26). Then, the upper end of the clamping pin 19 is pressed to flange 25 to the lower surface of the upper plate 16, previously loosening the nut 20 (or setting its pre-tightening, finally tightening only later, after installing both edges of the panel and the edges of the adjacent panel), and then again pressing and fixing Thus, the lower edge of the side panel 4 of the next section in the lower 7 attachment points of the supports 2. Next, fix, in the same way as when installing the first section, the upper edge of the side panel 4 on the supports 2 located according to the specified

along the tunnel in steps, and then do the same with the side panel 3 of the same section, thereby completing the installation of the next section. As before, observe the correct, with overlap (visor 44 overlaps the board with a minimum flanging 43), the adjacency of adjacent side panels of the section in the longitudinal section of the tunnel. After installing the second section (and each subsequent one, similarly to the second one), the joint formed in the cross section of the tunnel between the panels of adjacent sections is closed with an element of architectural design of the panel junction, which is fastened from below, under the panels: fastener 24 is secured in latches 23 of the respective supports. When installing each subsequent section in the cross section of the tunnel, overlapping with the previous one is also provided: the lower edges of the panels with wider flanges 25 overlap the upper edges of the panels - less wide flanges 26, respectively, the visor 44 of the corresponding panel of the subsequent section (located higher along the axis of the inclined tunnel) is located higher in the cross section of the tunnel visor 44 of the corresponding panel of the previous section (located below the axis of the inclined tunnel). Due to this, the discharge of water into the intake trays 5 is provided without additional parts and seals.

When installing the umbrella of the horizontal tunnel, the mounting and fastening of the panels in the lower mount (Fig. 16, 17) is as follows.

First, they begin to install a central (if the number of panels in the cross section of the tunnel is 3 - Fig. 11-16) waterproof panel 34. To do this, tighten the nuts 29 (upper) on the lower threaded ends of the mounting studs 8, install the clamping plate 41 and the upper gasket 42 Then the chute 36 is installed - “put” it on Ne by the number of mounting pins through the holes in the chute 36, a lower gasket 42 is placed on each mounting pin 8, the nut plate 40 is installed according to the design position and the mouth is fixed tained a "package" a nut 29 (upper). Then set the latch 23, an elastic rocker bar

22, the spring washer 13 and tighten the nuts 29 (lower), pressing on the installed elements, but leaving a gap with the plate-nut 40. After that, the central waterproof panel 34 is installed directly: one of the flanges of the joined panels 34 is inserted into the left gap, and mounted under the nut plate 40 and clamp it with the nut 29 (bottom) with a spring washer 13, another flanging of this panel is fastened similarly to the first (and parallel to it) in other corresponding supports installed in cross section with the required pitch along tons spruce up. The installation height of the flanges of the panel 34, and therefore the entire panel, is additionally regulated by the nut plate 40 and nuts 29 (upper). After installing the central panel 34, the side panels 35 are mounted in the same order. The joint of the central 34 and the side 35 of the panels is thus provided in such a way that the joint overlaps in the longitudinal section of the tunnel: the visor 44 of the central panel 34 covers the board with a minimum flanging 43 of the side panel 35 (Fig. 14), creating their overlap and, accordingly, providing drainage of water in the cross section of the tunnel and preventing water from getting inside. The lateral groove 37 is respectively mounted under the central groove 36 (Fig. 14), also in order to ensure the discharge of water. After installing the central 34 and two side 35 panels, the installation of the first section of the horizontal tunnel umbrella was completed. Then proceed with the installation of the next (along the axis of the tunnel) section. The following central panel 34 is installed, adjacent flanges in the cross section of the tunnel to the flanges of the previous previously installed central panel 34. To do this, its first flanging is fixed in the supports where the second flanging of the previous panel is already fixed: lead into the gap between the nut plate 40 and the latch 23 by first loosening the nut 29 slightly (or not immediately clamping it completely completely), and then again tightening and fixing the flanging of this panel (after installing another flanging of this panel in all constituents supports retaining panel). Next, the side panels are installed in the same way, forming the next section. Joint

central panels 34 are closed by an element of architectural design - the central filler 38, which is fixed with latches 23 of the respective supports. Accordingly, the junction of the side panels 35 is closed by an element of architectural design - a side slat 39, which is fixed in the same way with the corresponding latches 23.

The dismantling and replacement, if necessary, of individual panels of the proposed waterproof umbrella of both an inclined and horizontal underground structures is carried out easily, without violating the provisions of the installed adjacent panels. So for an inclined tunnel, this is done as follows.

Dismantling begins with the panel 3, equipped with a minimum flanging 43. Remove the strips 24 adjacent to the dismountable panel on both sides, squeezing the edges of the latches 23. Then loosen the flanging clamp of the lower edge of the dismantled panel, slightly unscrewing the nuts 20 and the pin studs 19. Its upper edge is released completely screwing nuts 20 with washers 21 and removing the rocker arms 22 and latches 23 that secure this panel. After that, the dismountable panel is carefully released from the overall structure of the umbrella, without violating the position of the adjacent adjacent panels, since the dismounting stroke is also structurally provided (Fig. 5). To install a new panel, instead of the dismantled one, these actions are performed in the reverse order. If you want to dismantle the panel 4, equipped with a visor 44, then it is carried out only after dismantling the panel 3.

The implementation of the utility model is not limited to the given examples of its implementation, other constructive solutions are possible. For example, a figured nut may serve as a clamping fixing element in the lower attachment point. The panels can be made with flanges and a cross section of the “trough”, for example, according to the type of “lamb” with approximation of the arch of the lining of the underground structure, as well as with volumetric sides and / or

flanges and can be additionally equipped with niches for installing fixtures, the front surface of the “trough” of the panels can be embossed, for example, with bas-reliefs and / or high reliefs, etc. depending on the architectural design.

The use of the panels indicated in the utility model and the proposed design of the umbrella provides effective water protection, the junction plane of the panels is reliably covered by their end shelves, there are no elements requiring sealing in the umbrella, and the panels themselves are solid without holes, which also improves the waterproofness of the umbrella, all water , falling on the umbrella, merges through its panels into the water intake trays and does not flow into the plane of the junction of the panels. The applied panels and the proposed umbrella design also expand the possibilities of decorative execution of the arch of the underground structure. At the same time, great opportunities are achieved while maintaining small weight and size characteristics, ease of installation and operation.

The umbrella design proposed in the utility model allows spatial adjustment of the mounting stud position and installation of the umbrella panels in the design position, regardless of the errors in the configuration of the arch of the underground structure, and also provides an effective, more reliable and simpler suspension of the umbrella to the load-lining regardless of the ratio of panel width sizes the umbrella and the width of the lining elements while providing conditions for overflow penetrating the tunnel through the lining of water.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the introduction of significant distinguishing features made it possible to achieve a technical result and create an umbrella design with compensation and adjustment of the spatial position of its elements and the entire umbrella as a whole and designed to create a ceiling of both an inclined underground structure and a horizontal one, i.e. decorative overlap of the arch of the underground structure, the construction of which

easy to implement, reduces the complexity and complexity of installation and repair work. Thus, the task is solved.

Field tests have confirmed the indicated capabilities of the proposed waterproof and decorative overlap of the arch of the underground structure.

Industrial applicability

Technical documentation was developed, prototypes were made, successful field tests were conducted.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate No. 128483, cl. E01G 5/04, 1969.

2. Tunnels and subways. Ed. V.P. Volkova. M.:, "Transport", 1975, p.436.

3. USSR author's certificate No. 787666, cl. E21D 11/38, E02D 29/04, 1980.

4. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1761878, cl. E21D 11/38, E02D 29/04, 1980.

5. USSR copyright certificate No. 1671877, cl. E21D 11/38, E02D 29/04, 1980, prototype.

6. Fiberglass waterproof waterproof panels for umbrellas of subway stations. Specifications TU 2296-056-00204961, 2005.

Claims (15)

1. Waterproof and decorative overlap (umbrella) of the arch of the underground structure (tunnel), including panels, supports and water trays, in which the panels of the trough-like cross section are made with “flanges” (shelves along the sides) in the form of the arch of the supporting lining of the tunnel and attached to it with the required step on the supports, and each support is made in the form of a mounting stud with two attachment points - an upper attachment point of the support to the arch of the carrier lining and a lower attachment point of the panels, characterized in that the sides and flanging of the panels according to the corresponding sides of the trough-like cross section are made different, respectively, of the required width and height, the upper attachment point of the support to the arch of the support lining and the lower attachment of the panels to the support are spatially spaced and made to provide spatial adjustment of the position of the umbrella panels and the effective suspension of the umbrella to the support lining of the tunnel, regardless of the ratio the width of the umbrella panels and the width of the lining elements, while the upper mount has a support element for the mounting rail Sockets, for example a swivel plate, one end of which is fixed to the arch of the carrier lining with a fastener, for example in the form of a bolt and / or threaded pin, and / or an anchor with a thread, and the other end is connected to the mounting pin, for example, using a pair nuts with a spherical surface and conical washers, the lower panel mounting unit to the support is made of a supporting element for panels mounted on a mounting pin, and a clamping fixing element for panels, the panels are installed and secured to ensure the required geometry tri- and architectural arch shape and conditions overflow water penetrating through the bottom node obdelku panels fixed to the support, the position of which is adjusted as the upper mounting assembly. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panels for the inclined tunnel are made so as to overlap with corresponding flanges with adjacent panels and thereby provide overflow conditions for water penetrating through the lining and have flanges on the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels adjacent to each other the cross section of the tunnel, varying in height and width. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that in the lower node for attaching the panels to the support in an inclined tunnel, the supporting element for the panels is made of brackets permanently attached to the mounting pin with the stop plate welded to it, the bracket consists of upper and lower plates, its upper plate, to the lower surface of which one of the umbrella panels is mounted, located higher along the axis of the inclined tunnel, is made with a limb-catcher, and the lower plate, to the lower surface of which another panel is mounted, located lower on the axis of inclination th tunnel, and welded thereto stop bar provided with a threaded hole in which a clamping element for fixing panels, consisting of the pressing and clamping pins, e.g., in the form of an elastic strap koromysloobraznoy, spring washers and nuts. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panels for the horizontal tunnel are made with the same height and width flanges on the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels adjacent to each other in the cross section of the tunnel. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that a gutter is introduced in the lower panel mounting panel to the support in the horizontal tunnel, the panel support element is made of a nut plate movably attached to the mounting stud, to which the flanges of the sides of the trough-like profile of the panels are attached adjacent to each other in the cross section of the tunnel, the clamping fixing element is made, for example, in the form of an elastic rocker bar, a spring washer, a nut, fixing the bottom panel, and a clamping plate with gaskets and securing the gutter above, mounted above the nut plate on the mounting stud, the gutter is made in the form of a long (for the entire length of the joint) tilted trough, made in cross section in the shape of the arch of the lining of the horizontal underground structure. 6. The device according to any one of paragraphs.2 and 4, characterized in that the flanging of the sides of the trough-shaped profile of the panels adjacent to each other in the longitudinal section of the inclined and horizontal tunnels is made to ensure overlapping with adjacent panels and thereby ensure overflow conditions penetrating through the lining water, while the corresponding side of the trough-shaped profile of one of the adjacent panels is provided with a visor, and the corresponding side of the trough-shaped profile of the other adjacent panels is made with minimal flanging. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper attachment point of the support to the arch of the supporting lining, the supporting element for the mounting stud is mounted from a plate with a groove, one end of which is fixed to the arch of the supporting lining with a hook and a fastener, for example a bolt, and the other end is connected to the mounting stud with a pair of spherical nuts and conical washers. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper attachment point of the support to the arch of the supporting lining, the supporting element for the mounting stud is mounted from a corner with a groove mounted on the elements of the supporting lining of the arch using fasteners, for example bolts, and connected to the mounting a stud with a pair of nuts with a spherical surface and conical washers. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower node for attaching the panels to the support is equipped with an architectural element for the interface of the panels. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the element of the architectural design of the junction of the panels is made in the form of a "latch", fixed with a latch installed in the lower node for attaching the panels to the support. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panels are made of fiberglass, for example, based on unsaturated polyester resins with reduced flammability and other modifying additives and fiberglass reinforcing materials according to TU 2296-056-0020496. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the corresponding flanging of the trough-shaped panels is made in the form of the arch of the bearing lining of the tunnel with a predetermined (required) deviation from it, and the front surface of the panels has a circular shape, polygonal or other shape depending on the architectural design. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the panels are made with flanges and a cross section of the “trough”, for example, by the type of “lamb” with approximation of the arch of the lining of the underground structure. 14. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the front surface of the "trough" of the panels is made embossed, for example with bas-reliefs and / or high reliefs. 15. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the panels are made with volumetric sides and / or flanges and are additionally equipped with niches for installing fixtures.